第二偈颂集
Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ
举罪等问答的注释
Codanādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā
359第359条。在第二偈颂集中,“举罪”是指示现事由和过失后进行举罪。“Sāraṇā”是指忆持过失。所谓“僧团为了什么目的?”是指僧团的集会是为了什么目的。而“Matikamma”是为了什么原因?“Matikamma”意为取得共识;意思是,那是为了什么原因?
359. Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇiyaṃ codanāti vatthuñca āpattiñca dassetvā codanā. Sāraṇāti dosasāraṇā. Saṅgho kimatthāyāti saṅghasannipāto kimatthāya. Matikammaṃ pana kissa kāraṇāti matikammaṃ vuccati mantaggahaṇaṃ; taṃ kissa kāraṇāti attho.
“举罪是为了平息”:即如前所述的举罪,是为了平息被举罪者的过失。“平息是为了惩治”:平息过失,则是为了惩治那人。“僧团是为了掌握”:在那里聚集的僧团,是为了掌握裁决;也就是为了衡量法与非法,了知善裁决与不善裁决。“裁决则是各别的”:是指经师长老与持律师长老各自达成决议,各别各别地确立裁决。
Codanā sāraṇatthāyāti vuttappakārā codanā, tena cuditakapuggalena codakadosasāraṇatthāya. Niggahatthāya sāraṇāti dosasāraṇā pana tassa puggalassa niggahatthāya. Saṅgho pariggahatthāyāti tattha sannipatito saṅgho vinicchayapariggahaṇatthāya; dhammādhammaṃ tulanatthāya suvinicchitadubbinicchitaṃ jānanatthāyāti attho. Matikammaṃ pana pāṭiyekkanti suttantikattherānañca vinayadharattherānañca mantaggahaṇaṃ pāṭekkaṃ pāṭekkaṃ vinicchayasanniṭṭhāpanatthaṃ.
“勿起嗔恚”:即不对被举罪者或举罪者生起愤怒。“若你是审查者”:若你是持律师,为裁决已提交僧团的诤事而坐于僧中。
Mā kho paṭighanti cuditake vā codake vā kopaṃ mā janayi. Sace anuvijjako tuvanti sace tvaṃ saṅghamajjhe otiṇṇaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchituṃ nisinno vinayadharo.
“争论的”:即以“你不懂此法与律”等言论所进行的。“伴随无益的”:指能引发无益、扰乱并激起大众的言论,不应说这样的话。关于“经、律等”:其中,“经”指二部别,“律”指犍度,“随顺”指附随,“所制”指整个律藏,“随顺的”指四大教法。
Viggāhikanti ‘‘na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsī’’tiādinayappavattaṃ. Anatthasaṃhitanti yā anatthaṃ janayati, parisaṃ khobhetvā uṭṭhāpeti, evarūpiṃ kathaṃ mā abhaṇi. Sutte vinaye vātiādīsu suttaṃ nāma ubhatovibhaṅgo. Vinayo nāma khandhako. Anulomo nāma parivāro. Paññattaṃ nāma sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ. Anulomikaṃ nāma cattāro mahāpadesā.
“应留意审问的仪轨”意指应留意的审问方式。“由善巧、具慧者所制定”指由世尊——这位熟练、明智、已达智慧彼岸者——所取出并安立的。“善说”指善巧地宣说。“随顺学处”指随顺一切学处。以上是字面含义,而此处带有意图的简要注释是:“若你是一位审问者,不可轻率发言,不可说伴随无益诤论的言语。然而,由善巧具慧的世间怙主在这诸经等之中所善巧宣说的审问仪轨,是随顺一切学处的,你应留意它、掌握它。”“不破坏来世的归宿”是指不破坏自己在来世善趣的转生,而留意审问仪轨。因为若有人不留意于此而进行审问,他便破坏了自己来世的归宿,因此,你应不破坏地留意它,这是意思所在。现在,为了显示那审问仪轨,而说“寻求利益者”等。其中,“寻求利益者”指寻求、探求利益;意为安立了慈爱及慈爱的前方便之后。“适时”指在合适的时机;意思是仅在受到请求、自己该做之事已完成时,才进行审问。
Anuyogavattaṃnisāmayāti anuyuñjanavattaṃ nisāmehi. Kusalena buddhimatā katanti chekena paṇḍitena ñāṇapāramippattena bhagavatā nīharitvā ṭhapitaṃ. Suvuttanti supaññāpitaṃ. Sikkhāpadānulomikanti sikkhāpadānaṃ anulomaṃ. Ayaṃ tāva padattho, ayaṃ panettha sādhippāyasaṅkhepavaṇṇanā – ‘‘sace tvaṃ anuvijjako, mā sahasā bhaṇi, mā anatthasaṃhitaṃ viggāhikakathaṃ bhaṇi. Yaṃ pana kusalena buddhimatā lokanāthena etesu suttādīsu anuyogavattaṃ kathaṃ supaññattaṃ sabbasikkhāpadānaṃ anulomaṃ, taṃ nisāmaya taṃ upadhārehī’’ti. Gatiṃ na nāsento samparāyikanti attano samparāye sugatinibbattiṃ anāsento anuyogavattaṃ nisāmaya. Yo hi taṃ anisāmetvā anuyuñjati, so samparāyikaṃ attano gatiṃ nāseti, tasmā tvaṃ anāsento nisāmayāti attho. Idāni taṃ anuyogavattaṃ dassetuṃ hitesītiādimāha. Tattha hitesīti hitaṃ esanto gavesanto; mettañca mettāpubbabhāgañca upaṭṭhapetvāti attho. Kālenāti yuttapattakālena; ajjhesitakāleyeva tava bhāre kate anuyuñjāti attho.
“不要轻率地作出裁决”意指:对于这些,若有人轻率裁决、轻率发言,你不可作出裁决,不可采纳。
Sahasā vohāraṃ mā padhāresīti yo etesaṃ sahasā vohāro hoti, sahasā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ mā padhāresi, mā gaṇhittha.
“应以认罪与关联来处置”在此处,“关联”是指言谈的关联,因此,应以认罪与关联来处置;意思是,在察觉言谈的关联之后,以认罪来处置。或者,应以认罪和关联来处置:对具惭者,以认罪处置;对无惭者,以行为的关联来处置。因此,才说了“认罪在具惭者中”这首偈颂。其中,“应以行为的关联来处置”指应以行为的关联来处置;意思是,以那与其行为相关联的认罪来处置。
Paṭiññānusandhitena kārayeti ettha anusandhitanti kathānusandhi vuccati, tasmā paṭiññānusandhinā kāraye; kathānusandhiṃ sallakkhetvā paṭiññāya kārayeti attho. Atha vā paṭiññāya ca anusandhitena ca kāraye, lajjiṃ paṭiññāya kāraye; alajjiṃ vattānusandhināti attho. Tasmā eva paṭiññā lajjīsūti gāthamāha. Tattha vattānusandhitena kārayeti vattānusandhinā kāraye, yā assa vattena saddhiṃ paṭiññā sandhiyati, tāya paṭiññāya kārayeti attho.
“故意”:明知而犯。“隐藏”:隐匿不露,不令发露,不令出罪。
Sañciccāti jānanto āpajjati. Parigūhatīti nigūhati na deseti na vuṭṭhāti.
“我也知道那”:你们所说的是真实的,我同样知道它。“而我也问别的”:我另有所问。
Sā ahampi jānāmīti yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ, taṃ saccaṃ, ahampi naṃ evameva jānāmi. Aññañca tāhanti aññañca taṃ ahaṃ pucchāmi.
“不知前后”:指不知先前所说的与后来所说的。“不熟练”:指于此前后的关联中不善巧。“不知关联语句”:指不知论理之关联语句与决断之关联语句。
Pubbāparaṃna jānātīti purekathitañca pacchākathitañca na jānāti. Akovidoti tasmiṃ pubbāpare akusalo. Anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānātīti kathānusandhivacanaṃ vinicchayānusandhivacanañca na jānāti.
“以戒坏而举罪”,是指依两种犯聚而举罪。“以行、见”,是指依行坏与见坏。以行坏举罪时,依五种犯聚而举罪;以见坏举罪时,依邪见与边执见而举罪。“也以活命而举罪”,是指依因活命所制的六条学处而举罪。其余各处,文义明显。
Sīlavipattiyā codetīti dvīhi āpattikkhandhehi codeti. Ācāradiṭṭhiyāti ācāravipattiyā ceva diṭṭhivipattiyā ca. Ācāravipattiyā codento pañcahāpattikkhandhehi codeti, diṭṭhivipattiyā codento micchādiṭṭhiyā ceva antaggāhikadiṭṭhiyā ca codeti. Ājīvenapi codetīti ājīvahetupaññattehi chahi sikkhāpadehi codeti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.