布萨等问答
Uposathādipucchāvissajjanā
332关于“布萨羯磨以何为始”等问题的解答:和合为始,即所谓“我们将举行布萨”,在净化界场、传达欲与清净后,聚集者的身和合是其开始。中间为作,即完成前行后,诵出巴帝摩卡的进行在中间。结束为终,即“于此,一切和合、欢喜、无诤者应当学”,这巴帝摩卡的结束是其终点。自恣羯磨的和合为始,即所谓“我们将举行自恣”,在净化界场、传达欲与清净后,聚集者的身和合是其开始。中间为作,即自恣的动议与自恣的进行在中间,而对新学比丘说“若见我当治”之语是其结束。呵责羯磨等之中,事,即成为该羯磨因缘的那件事。人,即造作那件事的那个人。甘马语结束为终,即“僧团已对某甲比丘作呵责羯磨,僧团认可,故默然,我如此持”,如此各各甘马语的最后之语为其终点。其余一切处皆显而易见。
332. ‘‘Uposathakammassa ko ādī’’tiādīnaṃ pucchānaṃ vissajjane sāmaggī ādīti ‘‘uposathaṃ karissāmā’’ti sīmaṃ sodhetvā chandapārisuddhiṃ āharitvā sannipatitānaṃ kāyasāmaggī ādi. Kiriyā majjheti pubbakiccaṃ katvā pātimokkhaosāraṇakiriyā majjhe. Niṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānanti ‘‘tattha sabbeheva samaggehi sammodamānehi avivadamānehi sikkhitabba’’nti idaṃ pātimokkhaniṭṭhānaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Pavāraṇākammassa sāmaggī ādīti ‘‘pavāraṇaṃ karissāmā’’ti sīmaṃ sodhetvā chandapavāraṇaṃ āharitvā sannipatitānaṃ kāyasāmaggī ādi. Kiriyā majjheti pavāraṇāñatti ca pavāraṇākathā ca majjhe, saṅghanavakassa ‘‘passanto paṭikarissāmī’’ti vacanaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Tajjanīyakammādīsu vatthu nāma yena vatthunā kammāraho hoti, taṃ vatthu. Puggaloti yena taṃ vatthu kataṃ, so puggalo. Kammavācā pariyosānanti ‘‘kataṃ saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṃ, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti evaṃ tassā tassā kammavācāya avasānavacanaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti
目的缘由篇注释
Atthavasapakaraṇāvaṇṇanā
334在《义利篇章》中——“十种义利”等应说的内容,已于第一波罗夷的注释中说过。于“僧伽善正即僧伽安乐”等语句中,上句是下句的含义。
334. Atthavasapakaraṇe – dasa atthavasetiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ taṃ paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyameva vuttaṃ. Yaṃ saṅghasuṭṭhu taṃ saṅghaphāsūtiādīsu uparimaṃ uparimaṃ padaṃ heṭṭhimassa heṭṭhimassa padassa attho.
然而,在“义百、法百”等句中,即是以十处各各为根本,十次组合而说百句。其中,依最后之最后句,应知为“义百”;依最初之最初句,应知为“法百”。或者说,如来因十种义利而为弟子制立学处,那些在第一波罗夷注释中,以“其中,僧伽善正即是僧伽的善正状态,如‘善哉,天!’之处,如‘善哉,尊者!’之接受语的状态,凡接受如来语者,彼长夜得利益安乐,故为僧伽‘善哉,尊者!’接受我语而制立,示现不接受之过患与接受之功德,非以强力压制——为开显此义而说‘为僧伽善正’”等理趣所阐释的,由于它们在此十次出现,故应知为“义百”;而依阐明彼义之句,应知为“法百”。如此,依阐明义之词句而有词句百,依法性之词句而有词句百,故有二词句百;于义百有智百,于法百有智百,于二词句百有二智百,如此应知为四智百。
Atthasataṃdhammasatantiādimhi pana yadetaṃ dasasu padesu ekekaṃ mūlaṃ katvā dasakkhattuṃ yojanāya padasataṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha pacchimassa pacchimassa padassa vasena atthasataṃ purimassa purimassa vasena dhammasataṃ veditabbaṃ. Atha vā ye dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, ye pubbe paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘tattha saṅghasuṭṭhutā nāma saṅghassa suṭṭhubhāvo ‘suṭṭhu devā’ti āgataṭṭhāne viya ‘suṭṭhu bhante’ti vacanasampaṭicchanabhāvo, yo ca tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchati, tassa taṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hoti, tasmā saṅghassa ‘suṭṭhu bhante’ti mama vacanasampaṭicchanatthaṃ paññapessāmi asampaṭicchane ādīnavaṃ sampaṭicchane ca ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā na balakkārena abhibhavitvāti etamatthaṃ āvikaronto āha – saṅghasuṭṭhutāyā’’ti evamādinā nayena vaṇṇitā, tesaṃ idha dasakkhattuṃ āgatattā atthasataṃ tadatthajotakānañca padānaṃ vasena dhammasataṃ veditabbaṃ. Idāni atthajotakānaṃ niruttīnaṃ vasena niruttisataṃ, dhammabhūtānaṃ niruttīnaṃ vasena niruttisatanti dve niruttisatāni, atthasate ñāṇasataṃ, dhammasate ñāṇasataṃ, dvīsu niruttisatesu dve ñāṇasatānīti cattāri ñāṇasatāni ca veditabbāni.
“义百、法百、二词句百;
四智百,在《义利篇章》中。”
‘‘Atthasataṃ dhammasataṃ, dve niruttisatāni; Cattāri ñāṇasatāni, atthavase pakaraṇe’’ti.
因此,凡有所说者,皆是依此而说。
Iti hi yaṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttanti.