2. 善慧发愿故事的注释(续) §36
2. 苏美德愿求论义注 · 281 段
那时,燃灯十力佛被四群十万漏尽者围绕,次第游行,来到一座名叫“可意”的极其可爱的城市,住在善见大寺。可意城的居民听说:“燃灯十力佛证得无上正自觉,转起殊胜法轮后,次第游行,已来到可意城,住在善见大寺。”他们便带上熟酥等药物,吃过早餐,穿着洁净的上衣,手拿花、香、涂香,前往佛陀那里。到了之后,顶礼大师,用花等供养,坐在一边,听闻极为甜美的法义。随后邀请世尊明天应供,从座位起身,右绕十力佛,离去。巴利
Atha tasmiṃ kāle dīpaṅkaradasabalo catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno paramarammaṃ rammaṃ nāma nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Rammanagaravāsino ‘‘dīpaṅkaro kira dasabalo anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammanagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasatī’’ti sutvā sappiādīni bhesajjāni gahetvā bhuttapātarāsā suddhuttarāsaṅgā pupphadhūpagandhahatthā yena buddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā pupphādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisīditvā atimadhuraṃ dhammakathaṃ sutvā svātanāya bhagavantaṃ nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā dasabalaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
第二天,他们准备好了一场无可比拟的大布施:搭起大棚,用洁净柔软的蓝莲花覆盖,用四种香料涂抹地面,撒上炒米等五种香花;在大棚四角放上装满清凉甜水的瓮,用芭蕉叶盖好;在大棚上方挂起像胜利茉莉花一样极其美丽悦目的布制顶幔,用金、宝、银做成的星星点缀;在那里悬挂香鬘、花鬘、叶鬘和宝鬘;点燃熏香,让阴天般的香烟弥漫;又把整座可爱的庄严城清扫干净,摆上结了果实的芭蕉树和用花装饰的满水罐;竖起种种不同颜色的幢幡;在大路两侧用布墙围起来。为了给燃灯十力佛铺饰来路,他们在被水冲坏的地方填上泥土,把泥泞不平的地面弄平,铺上像珍珠一样的白沙,又撒上炒米等五种香花,并在路口安放结了果实的芭蕉树。巴利
Te punadivase asadisamahādānaṃ sajjetvā maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā vimalakomalehi nīluppalehi chādetvā catujjātigandhena paribhaṇḍaṃ kāretvā lājapañcamāni surabhikusumāni vikiritvā maṇḍapassa catūsu koṇesu sītalamadhuravāripuṇṇā cāṭiyo ṭhapetvā kadalipaṇṇehi pidahitvā maṇḍapopari jayasumanakusumasadisaṃ paramaruciradassanaṃ celavitānaṃ bandhitvā suvaṇṇamaṇirajatatārakāhi racayitvā tattha gandhadāmapupphadāmapattadāmaratanadāmāni olambetvā dhūpehi duddinaṃ katvā sakalañca taṃ rammaṃ rammanagaraṃ sammaṭṭhaṃ saphalakadaliyo ca pupphasamalaṅkate puṇṇaghaṭe ca ṭhapāpetvā nānāvirāgā dhajapaṭākāyo ca samussāpetvā mahāvīthiyā ubhosu passesu sāṇipākārehi parikkhipitvā dīpaṅkaradasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkarontā udakaparibhinnaṭṭhānesu paṃsuṃ pakkhipitvā cikkhallakampi pathaviṃ asamaṃ samaṃ katvā muttāsadisāhi vālukāhi ākiranti, lājapañcamehi ca pupphehi ākiranti, saphalakadalikamuke ca patiṭṭhāpenti.
那时,善慧苦行者从自己的草庵出来,以神通飞上虚空,从庄严城居民的上方经过。他看见那些满心欢喜的人正在清扫和装饰道路,心想:“这是什么缘故呢?”于是就在众人都看得见的情况下,从空中降下,站在一旁,问那些人:“喂!你们是为了谁在清扫这条路呢?”因此说道:巴利
Atha tasmiṃ kāle sumedhatāpaso attano assamapadato uggantvā rammanagaravāsīnaṃ tesaṃ manussānaṃ uparibhāgena ākāsena gacchanto te haṭṭhapahaṭṭhe maggaṃ sodhente ca alaṅkaronte ca disvā – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti cintetvā sabbesaṃ passantānaññeva ākāsato oruyha ekamante ṭhatvā te manusse pucchi – ‘‘ambho! Kassatthāya tumhe imaṃ maggaṃ sodhethā’’ti? Tena vuttaṃ –
在边地境内,邀请如来之后,
那些内心欢喜的人,会清扫他即将到来的道路。巴利
‘‘Paccantadesavisaye, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ; Tassa āgamanaṃ maggaṃ, sodhenti tuṭṭhamānasā.
那时,我从自己的草庵走出来;
那时,我抖动着树皮衣,在空中行走。巴利
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, nikkhamitvā sakassamā; Dhunanto vākacīrāni, gacchāmi ambare tadā.
看到那些喜悦生起、欢欣鼓舞、满心欢喜的人们,
从空中降下后,他立刻向人们询问。巴利
‘‘Vedajātaṃ janaṃ disvā, tuṭṭhahaṭṭhaṃ pamoditaṃ; Orohitvāna gaganā, manusse pucchi tāvade.
“ 大众满足欢喜、欢欣踊跃,喜乐生起;
为谁清扫道路,开辟通途?”巴利
‘‘Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamudito, vedajāto mahājano; Kassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyana’’nti.
在这里,边地地域指的是中部区域旁边一个叫边地的地方。从那里应来的路,意思是从那里过来的路。我在那个时候,就是我在那个时刻,这里的具格要理解为表示处所的位格。从自己的住处出来,就是离开自己住的地方。抖落,就是抖掉、甩掉。另外,在那个时刻和在那时这两个词意思相同,所以要把前一个词和出离的动作连起来理解,后一个词和行走的动作连起来理解,否则就免不了重复用词的毛病。在那时就是在那个时刻。巴利
Tattha paccantadesavisayeti majjhimadesasseva ekapasse paccantadesasaññite janapade. Tassa āgamanaṃ magganti tena āgantabbaṃ magganti attho. Ahaṃ tena samayenāti ahaṃ tasmiṃ samaye, bhummatthe cetaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sakassamāti attano assamapadato nikkhamitvā. Dhunantoti odhunanto. ‘‘Tena samayena’’ ca, ‘‘tadā’’ cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ ekatthattā purimassa nikkhamanakiriyāya pacchimassa ca gamanakiriyāya saddhiṃ sambandho veditabbo, itarathā punaruttidosā na muccati. Tadāti tasmiṃ samaye.
“心生喜悦”,就是内心生起了喜悦。“满意、高兴、欢喜”这三个词,彼此是同义词,互相说明对方的含义。或者也可以这样说:因为快乐而满意,因为喜悦而高兴,因为愉悦而欢喜。“降下后”,就是下来之后。“问人们”,就是询问众人。这也是原文的一种读法。“那时”,意思是当时,就在那一刻。接下来,为了显示所问的意义,才说了“满意、高兴、欢喜”等语句。在这里,说这大众满意、高兴,怀着欢喜心在整治道路,是出于什么原因要整治呢?或者是为了谁才整治呢?应当这样把“整治”一词引进来理解其含义,否则文意就不通顺。所谓“被整治”,就是被收拾得干净整洁的意思。“道路、路径、通道”,这些都是“道路”的同义词。巴利
Vedajātanti sañjātasomanassaṃ. Tuṭṭhahaṭṭhaṃ pamoditanti imāni tīṇi padāni aññamaññavevacanāni aññamaññassa atthadīpanāni. Atha vā sukhena tuṭṭhaṃ, pītiyā haṭṭhaṃ, pāmojjena pamuditaṃ. Orohitvānāti otaritvā. Manusse pucchīti mānuse pucchi. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Tāvadeti tadā, taṅkhaṇeyevāti attho. Idāni pucchitamatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamudito’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha ayaṃ mahājano tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamoditahadayo hutvā maggaṃ sodheti, kiṃ kāraṇā sodheti, kassatthāya vā sodhetīti? Evaṃ ‘‘sodheti’’ saddaṃ āharitvā attho daṭṭhabbo, itarathā na yujjati. Sodhīyatīti suddhabhāvo karīyati. Maggo añjasaṃ vaṭumāyananti maggassevetāni vevacanāni.
善慧苦行者这样一问,那些人就回答说:“善慧尊者,您难道不知道吗?有一位叫燃灯的佛陀,已经证得无上正等正觉,转动了殊胜的法轮,正在各地游化,一路渐次来到我们的城市,现在住在善见大寺。我们邀请那位世尊,就是为了迎接那位佛陀、世尊的到来,才在清理这条路。”善慧智者听了这话,心里想:“‘佛陀’这个名号的声音,在这世上都极难听到,更别说佛陀真正出世了。既然如此,我也应该和这些人一起,为具足十力的世尊清理来临的道路。”于是他对那些人说:“贤友们,如果你们是为佛陀清理这条路,也请分给我一块地方,我也要和你们一起为佛陀清理道路。”那些人答应道:“好!”他们知道这位善慧智者有大神通、大威力,就特意找了一处极难清理、积满泥水、非常崎岖不平的地方,对他说:“这块地方就请您来清理、美化吧。”于是交给了他。善慧智者生起了以佛陀为所缘的喜悦,心里想:“我确实能用神通把这块地方变得极其庄严好看,但那样做,我心里不会满足。今天我应该亲身去做事、出力。”于是他就运来泥土,把那块地方填平了。巴利
Evaṃ tena sumedhatāpasena puṭṭhā te manussā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante sumedha, kiṃ na jānātha dīpaṅkaro nāma buddho anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko janapadacārikaṃ caramāno anukkamena amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantayitvā tasseva buddhassa bhagavato āgamanamaggaṃ sodhemā’’ti. Tato taṃ sutvā sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi – ‘‘buddhoti kho panesa ghosopi dullabho, pageva buddhuppādo, tena hi mayāpi imehi manussehi saddhiṃ dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ sodhetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So te manusse āha – ‘‘sace, bho, tumhe imaṃ maggaṃ buddhassa sodhetha, mayhampi ekaṃ okāsaṃ detha, ahampi tumhehi saddhiṃ buddhassa maggaṃ sodhessāmī’’ti. Tato te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā – ‘‘ayaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’ti jānamānā dubbisodhanaṃ udakasambhinnaṃ ativiya visamaṃ ekaṃ okāsaṃ sallakkhetvā – ‘‘imaṃ okāsaṃ tumhe sodhetha alaṅkarotha cā’’ti adaṃsu. Tato sumedhapaṇḍito buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ uppādetvā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ pana imaṃ okāsaṃ iddhiyā paramadassanīyaṃ kātuṃ pahomi, evaṃ kate pana maṃ na paritosessati. Ajja pana mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti paṃsuṃ āharitvā taṃ padesaṃ pūreti.
可是,当那个地方还没清理好、工程还在进行的时候,喜乐城的居民就来向世尊报告时间,说:“尊者,饭食已经准备好了。”他们这样按时报告之后,具足十力的世尊就穿上了一件颜色像胜妙花一样的双层下衣,遮住了三轮;然后在上面系上一条腰带,那腰带像用金蔓缠绕胜妙花束一样,闪耀着闪电般的光彩;接着披上一件殊胜的粪扫衣作为外衣,颜色像沾满紫胶汁的紧叔迦花那样红艳。那副庄严的样子,仿佛把紫胶汁倾泻在金山顶上,又像用珊瑚网围绕黄金佛塔,也像用红毛毯覆盖金榻,更像秋天的满月被红色雨云遮住。穿戴好后,他从香室门口走出来,像一头狮子从金色洞窟中出来,站在香室前面。这时,所有比丘各自拿着自己的衣钵,围在世尊身边。那些环绕而立在一旁的比丘们,是这样的——巴利
Tassa pana tasmiṃ padese asodhite vippakateyeva rammanagaravāsino manussā bhagavato kālamārocesuṃ – ‘‘niṭṭhitaṃ, bhante, bhatta’’nti. Evaṃ tehi kāle ārocite dasabalo jayasumanakusumasadisavaṇṇaṃ dupaṭṭacīvaraṃ timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādetvā nivāsetvā tassupari suvaṇṇapāmaṅgena jayasumanakusumakalāpaṃ parikkhipanto viya vijjulatāsassirikaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā kanakagirisikharamatthake lākhārasaṃ parisiñcanto viya suvaṇṇacetiyaṃ pavāḷajālena parikkhipanto viya ca suvaṇṇagghikaṃ rattakambalena paṭimuñcanto viya ca saradasamayarajanikaraṃ rattavalāhakena paṭicchādento viya ca lākhārasena tintakiṃsukakusumasadisavaṇṇaṃ rattavarapaṃsukūlacīvaraṃ pārupitvā gandhakuṭidvārato kañcanaguhato sīho viya nikkhamitvā gandhakuṭipamukhe aṭṭhāsi. Atha sabbe bhikkhū attano attano pattacīvaramādāya bhagavantaṃ parivārayiṃsu. Te pana parivāretvā ṭhitā bhikkhū evarūpā ahesuṃ –
他们少欲知足,说话恳切,也能接受别人的劝告;
远离尘嚣,不与俗众混杂,身心调伏,呵责恶行。
所有戒行圆满的人,都精通定与禅那;
他们具备慧解脱,并拥有十五种行。
“ 诸漏已尽,达到自在,拥有神通,享有盛名;
诸根寂静,达到调伏圆满,清净无染,已灭尽后有。”巴利
‘‘Appicchā pana santuṭṭhā, vattāro vacanakkhamā; Pavivittā asaṃsaṭṭhā, vinītā pāpagarahino. ‘‘Sabbepi sīlasampannā, samādhijjhānakovidā; Paññāvimuttisampannā, tipañcacaraṇāyutā. ‘‘Khīṇāsavā vasippattā, iddhimanto yasassino; Santindriyā damappattā, suddhā khīṇapunabbhavā’’ti.
就这样,世尊自己已经离贪,被离贪的人们围绕着;自己已经离嗔,被离嗔的人们围绕着;自己已经离痴,被离痴的人们围绕着,显得格外光辉耀眼。那时,导师被四十万位有大神通、已断尽烦恼、具足六神通的漏尽者围绕着,就像被天众围绕的千眼帝释天神,又像被梵众围绕的哈利大梵天神。他凭着无量劫以来累积的善业之力所生的、无可比拟的佛陀威仪,如同被群星围绕的秋月,在天空中走上了那条已经装饰布置好的道路。巴利
Iti bhagavā sayaṃ vītarāgo vītarāgehi vītadoso vītadosehi vītamoho vītamohehi parivuto ativiya virocittha. Atha satthā mahānubhāvānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ catūhi satasahassehi parivuto marugaṇaparivuto dasasatanayano viya brahmagaṇaparivuto hāritamahābrahmā viya ca aparimitasamayasamupacitakusalabalajanitāya anopamāya buddhalīḷāya tārāgaṇaparivuto saradasamayarajanikaro viya ca gaganatalaṃ taṃ maggaṃ alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ paṭipajji.
“ 那位智者凭着金色的光辉,让路边的树木也变成了金色——这是传闻所说的。
他一边让花朵变成金色,一边以金色的身相踏上了那条路。”巴利
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇāya pabhāya dhīro, suvaṇṇavaṇṇe kira maggarukkhe; Suvaṇṇavaṇṇe kusume karonto, suvaṇṇavaṇṇo paṭipajji maggaṃ’’.
善慧苦行者也睁开双眼,看见燃灯佛世尊正沿着那条庄严铺设的道路走来。世尊具备三十二大人相,又有八十种随形好作装饰,周身被一寻光明环绕,光彩如同帝青宝,在虚空中像种种闪电一样放出六色佛光,色身达到殊胜端严。他看后心想:“今天我应该为十力者舍弃生命。”于是说:“请世尊不要踩到泥泞里,就像踏上宝石板桥一样,和四十万漏尽比丘一起踩着我的背走吧,这对我来说将带来长久的利益和安乐。”说完,他解开头发,把鹿皮、发髻和树皮衣铺在那黑色的泥泞上,自己就躺在那里,躺在泥泞上面。因此说:巴利
Sumedhatāpasopi tena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena maggena āgacchantassa dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ asītiyā anubyañjanehi anurañjitaṃ byāmappabhāya parikkhepaṃ sassirikaṃ indanīlamaṇisadisaṃ ākāse nānappakārā vijjulatā viya chabbaṇṇabuddharasmiyo vissajjentaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ akkhīni ummīletvā oloketvā – ‘‘ajja mayā dasabalassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, ‘‘mā bhagavā kalale akkami, maṇimayaphalakasetuṃ akkamanto viya saddhiṃ catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi mama piṭṭhiṃ akkamanto gacchatu, taṃ me bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti kese mocetvā ajinajaṭāvākacīrāni kāḷavaṇṇe kalale pattharitvā tattheva kalalapiṭṭhe nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
他们回答我的提问:佛陀是世间无上者;
名为燃灯的胜者、世间导师,出现于世。
他的道路被清理干净,那是一条笔直平坦的大道。巴利
‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, buddho loke anuttaro; Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako; Tassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ.
一听到“佛陀”这个词,喜顿时就生了起来。
我一声声念着“佛陀啊,佛陀”,表达了满心的欢喜。巴利
‘‘Buddhoti vacanaṃ sutvāna, pīti uppajji tāvade; Buddho buddhoti kathayanto, somanassaṃ pavedayiṃ.
我在那里站定后这样思索,内心欢喜,却又心生警醒。
我要在这里播下种子,千万别错过这个时机。巴利
‘‘Tattha ṭhatvā vicintesiṃ, tuṭṭho saṃviggamānaso; Idha bījāni ropissaṃ, khaṇo ve mā upaccagā.
如果你们在为佛陀清扫,请给我留一块地方;
我也要来清理那条笔直平坦的大道。巴利
‘‘Yadi buddhassa sodhetha, ekokāsaṃ dadātha me; Ahampi sodhayissāmi, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ.
那时他们给了我一块地方,以便清理道路。
那时,我一边想着“佛陀、佛陀”,一边清扫那条道路。巴利
‘‘Adaṃsu te mamokāsaṃ, sodhetuṃ añjasaṃ tadā; Buddho buddhoti cintento, maggaṃ sodhemahaṃ tadā.
当我的地界尚未铺成时,燃灯大牟尼,
与四十万具足六神通、如是之比丘众俱。
胜者与诸漏已尽、远离烦恼垢秽的阿拉汉们一起,走上了正道。巴利
‘‘Aniṭṭhite mamokāse, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni; Catūhi satasahassehi, chaḷabhiññehi tādihi; Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, paṭipajji añjasaṃ jino.
迎接的队伍正在行进,许多大鼓被敲响。
人与天人们满心欢喜,发出了“善哉”的赞叹声。巴利
‘‘Paccuggamanā vattanti, vajjanti bheriyo bahū; Āmoditā naramarū, sādhukāraṃ pavattayuṃ.
天人们能看见人,人也能看见天神;
他们俩都双手合十,跟随如来。巴利
‘‘Devā manusse passanti, manussāpi ca devatā; Ubhopi te pañjalikā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
天人们用天界的乐器奏乐,人们也用人类的乐器奏乐;
他们俩都演奏着乐器,跟随如来而行。巴利
‘‘Devā dibbehi turiyehi, manussā mānusehi ca; Ubhopi te vajjayantā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
天界的曼陀罗花、莲花和珊瑚树花;
住在虚空中的天神们,向四面八方撒下。巴利
‘‘Dibbaṃ mandāravaṃ pupphaṃ, padumaṃ pārichattakaṃ; Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
天界的栴檀粉末,还有最殊胜的香,全部一切。
天人们站在虚空中,向四面八方撒去。巴利
‘‘Dibbaṃ candanacuṇṇañca, varagandhañca kevalaṃ; Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
瞻卜、娑罗、尼波,龙树、富楼那、葛塔拉;
立于地上的众人,向四方抛撒。巴利
‘‘Campakaṃ saralaṃ nīpaṃ, nāgapunnāgaketalaṃ; Disodisaṃ ukkhipanti, bhūmitalagatā narā.
我在那里解开头发,将树皮衣与兽皮铺展于泥浆之上;
俯身向下,我就此躺卧。巴利
‘‘Kese muñcitvāhaṃ tattha, vākacīrañca cammakaṃ; Kalale pattharitvāna, avakujjo nipajjahaṃ.
“ 愿佛陀践我身而过,与诸弟子同行去;
愿佛莫蹈泥泞中,此于我当为饶益。”巴利
‘‘Akkamitvāna maṃ buddho, saha sissehi gacchatu; Mā naṃ kalale akkamittha, hitāya me bhavissatī’’ti.
在这里,“记说”就是他们作了记别。也有写成“名为燃灯的胜者,为他清理道路”这样的读法。“表达喜悦”意思是他们体验着喜悦。“站在那里”是说,他在那个从空中降落到的地方,就站在那里。“悚惧心”就是心中充满喜悦与惊叹。“此处”是指在这个燃灯佛的福田里。“种子”是指善的种子。“将种植”就是我将种下。“刹那”是指远离八种无暇时刻的第九种时机聚合,那种极为难得的时机已经被我得到了。“ve”只是一个没有实义的小品词。“莫超越”意思是愿它不要过去、不要越过。“请给与”就是请你们施舍。“他们”是指那些被我问到的人。“我那时清净”就是我那时清净。“未完成”是指尚未结束、还在进行中。“诸漏已尽者”中,有四种漏:欲漏、有漏、见漏、无明漏。这四种漏如果已被灭尽、断除、彻底斩断、止息、不可能再生起、被智慧之火烧尽,这样的人就是诸漏已尽者,也就是那些诸漏已尽的人。正因为诸漏已尽,所以他们清净无染。巴利
Tattha viyākaṃsūti byākariṃsu. ‘‘Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, tassa sodhīyati patho’’tipi pāṭho. Somanassaṃ pavedayinti somanassamanubhavinti attho. Tattha ṭhatvāti yasmiṃ padese ākāsato otari, tattheva ṭhatvā. Saṃviggamānasoti pītivimhitamānaso. Idhāti imasmiṃ dīpaṅkare puññakkhette. Bījānīti kusalabījāni. Ropissanti ropissāmi. Khaṇoti aṭṭhakkhaṇavirahito navamo khaṇasannipāto. Atidullabho so mayā paṭiladdho. Veti nipātamattaṃ. Mā upaccagāti so mā accagamā, mā atikkamīti attho. Dadāthāti detha. Teti ye me puṭṭhā manussā, teti attho. Sodhemahaṃ tadāti sodhemi ahaṃ tadā. Aniṭṭhiteti apariyosite vippakate. Khīṇāsavehīti ettha cattāro āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, diṭṭhāsavo, avijjāsavoti (cūḷani. jatukaṇṇimāṇavapucchāniddesa 69) ime cattāro āsavā yesaṃ khīṇā pahīnā samucchinnā paṭippassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, te khīṇāsavā, tehi khīṇāsavehi. Khīṇāsavattāyeva vimalehi.
天人们看见人这句话里,不需要说明天人是怎样看见人的;只是按通常的看见方式来说,就像人们站在这里能看见那样,天人们也是这样看见人的。Devatā 就是天人。Ubho 是两者,指天与人这两类。Pañjalikā 是合掌的人,意思是将双手合拢举到头顶。Anuyanti tathāgataṃ 是跟在如来身后走;在表达追随这一意义时,表示所属关系的语境里会用业格,这是一条语法规则,所以说“追随如来”。Vajjayantā 就是正在奏乐的人们。巴利
Devā manusse passantīti ettha devānaṃ manussadassane vattabbaṃ natthi, pakatidassanavasena pana yathā manussā idha ṭhatvā passanti, evaṃ devāpi manusse passantīti attho. Devatāti deve. Ubhopīti ubho devamanussā. Pañjalikāti katapañjalikā, ubhopi hatthe sirasi patiṭṭhāpetvāti attho. Anuyanti tathāgatanti tathāgatassa pacchato yanti, anuyoge sati sāmiatthe upayogavacanaṃ hotīti lakkhaṇaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anuyanti tathāgata’’nti. Vajjayantāti vādentā.
曼陀罗花就是曼陀罗花。从各方就是从每一个方向。散撒就是到处抛洒。行于虚空就是行于被称为虚空的天空中。或者也可以说,行于虚空就是前往天界,因为“虚空”这个词确实也用来指天界。Marū就是不死的天神们。娑罗就是娑罗树的花。尼波就是迦昙婆花。龙树花、奔那伽花、凯塔迦花就是龙树、奔那伽、凯塔迦这些树的花。落于地上就是掉到了地面上。巴利
Mandāravanti mandāravapupphaṃ. Disodisanti disato disato. Okirantīti avakiranti. Ākāsanabhagatāti ākāsasaṅkhāte nabhasi gatā. Atha vā ākāsaṃ gatā saggagatāva. ‘‘Nabho’’ti hi saggo vuccati. Marūti amarā. Saralanti saralatarukusumaṃ. Nīpanti kadambapupphaṃ. Nāgapunnāgaketakanti nāgapunnāgaketakapupphāni ca. Bhūmitalagatāti bhūmigatā.
我把头发解开,指的是把结成髻、弯曲盘绕的头发解开、散开。在那里,指的是他让给我的那块地方。兽皮,就是一块皮革。泥沼,就是泥泞的烂泥。俯身,就是头朝下、脸朝地。我躺下,就是我伏卧下来。这里“莫”是否定小品词,“那”是补足音节的小品词,意思是“愿佛陀不要踏入泥沼”。“那将对我有利益”,意思是佛陀不踏入泥沼这件事,会在长久的时间里对我有利益。也有读作“将为我带来安乐”的。巴利
Kesemuñcitvāhanti ahaṃ kese baddhā kalāpakuṭilajaṭā muñcitvā, vippakiritvāti attho. Tatthāti mayhaṃ dinne okāse. Cammakanti cammakkhaṇḍaṃ. Kalaleti cikkhallakaddame. Avakujjoti adhomukho hutvā. Nipajjahanti nipajjiṃ ahaṃ. Mā nanti ettha māti paṭisedhatthe nipāto. Nanti padapūraṇatthe nipāto, buddho kalale mā akkamitthāti attho. Hitāya me bhavissatīti taṃ kalale anakkamanaṃ dīgharattaṃ mama hitatthāya bhavissatīti. ‘‘Sukhāya me bhavissatī’’tipi pāṭho.
善慧智者躺在泥沼上,心里这样想:“如果我想的话,就能烧尽一切烦恼,成为僧团里的新学比丘,然后进城去。可是,靠隐姓埋名来烧尽烦恼、证得涅槃,对我来说并没有必要。不如像燃灯佛这位十力者那样,证得无上正觉之后,驾起佛法之舟,把广大众生从轮回苦海里渡出来,然后我才入般涅槃——这样才适合我。”于是他圆满具足了八种法,发起成就佛果的大愿,然后躺了下来。因此说道:巴利
Tato sumedhapaṇḍito kalalapiṭṭhe nipanno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ iccheyyaṃ sabbakilese jhāpetvā saṅghanavako hutvā rammanagaraṃ paviseyyaṃ, aññātakavesena pana me kilese jhāpetvā nibbānappattiyā kiccaṃ natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalo viya paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammanāvaṃ āropetvā mahājanaṃ saṃsārasāgarā uttāretvā pacchā parinibbāyeyyaṃ, idaṃ me patirūpa’’nti. Tato aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
我躺在地上时,心里这样想:
今天我只要愿意,就能烧尽自己的烦恼。巴利
‘‘Pathaviyaṃ nipannassa, evaṃ me āsi cetaso; Icchamāno ahaṃ ajja, kilese jhāpaye mama.
我以不为人知的身份在这里亲证法,这对我有什么用呢?
证得一切知智之后,我将在有天神的世界中成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha; Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake.
就算只有我一个人渡过彼岸,作为一个有力量的男子,这对我又有什么意义?
证得一切知智之后,我要度脱包括诸天神在内的世间。巴利
‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā; Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.
凭我在最尊贵者面前所做的这份善行;
证得一切知智之后,我要把众多众生渡到彼岸。巴利
‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame; Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.
“ 截断轮回之流,摧毁三有;
登上法之舟,我要把连同天神在内的众生都渡过去。”巴利
‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave; Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevaka’’nti.
在这里,“躺在大地上的人”就是指躺在地上的人。也有另一种读法。“心的”是指心里生起了这样的念头,意思是心中起了这样的想法。还有一种读法是“我生起了这样的思”。 “希望”是指想要、期盼。“烦恼”:因为它们染污、烧灼众生,所以叫烦恼,也就是贪等十种烦恼。“烧尽”是指应当烧尽,意思是愿我的烦恼被烧尽。巴利
Tattha pathaviyaṃ nipannassāti puthaviyā nipannassa. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Cetasoti cetaso parivitakko ahosīti attho. ‘‘Evaṃ me āsi cetanā’’tipi pāṭho. Icchamānoti ākaṅkhamāno. Kileseti kilissanti upatāpentīti kilesā, rāgādayo dasa. Jhāpayeti jhāpeyyaṃ, mama kilese jhāpaye ahanti attho.
“Kiṃ”是表示反问否定的说法。“Aññātavesena”的意思是以不明显、不为人知、隐蔽的方式。但在这里,它的用意是:为什么要像那些比丘一样,只是灭尽诸漏就完了呢?为什么不在圆满能成就佛果的诸法之后,在结生、诞生、成正觉、转法轮的时候让大地剧烈震动,成为觉悟者而能觉悟他人,成为已度脱者而能度脱他人,成为已解脱者而能解脱他人呢?“Sadevaka”指包含天神的世间。巴利
Kinti paṭikkhepavacanaṃ. Aññātavesenāti apākaṭavesena, aviññātena paṭicchannena. Idha pana bhikkhū viya āsavakkhayaṃ katvā kiṃ, buddhakare dhamme pūretvā paṭisandhijātibodhidhammacakkappavattanesu mahāpathavikampanaṃ katvā buddho bodhetā, tiṇṇo tāretā, mutto mocetā bhaveyyanti adhippāyo. Sadevaketi sadevake loke.
“Thāmadassinā”的意思是:以看见自己力量与威力者。“Santāressanti”就是“我要度脱”。“Sadevakanti”指包括天众在内的众生群体,或者指包括天众在内的世间。“Adhikārenāti”指以殊胜的行为;意思是:我(菩萨)为佛陀而舍弃自己的生命,躺在泥地上,以这样的行为作为殊胜的决意。巴利
Thāmadassināti attano thāmabalaṃ passamānena. Santāressanti santāressāmi. Sadevakanti sadevakaṃ sattanikāyaṃ, sadevakaṃ lokaṃ vā. Adhikārenāti adhivisiṭṭhena kārena, buddhassa mama jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā kalalapiṭṭhe sayanenādhikārenāti attho.
轮回之流:因为业与烦恼的缘故,在种种生趣、识住和有情的居处中,从此处到彼处不断流转,这就是轮回。正如所说的:巴利
Saṃsārasotanti kammakilesavasena yonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitinavasattāvāsesu ito cito ca saṃsaraṇaṃ saṃsāro. Yathāha –
“ 诸蕴的次第,以及界与处的次第,
不断流转而没有中断,这就叫作轮回。”巴利
‘‘Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanānañca; Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 2.619; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.95 apasādanāvaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.2.60; a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.199; dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā; vibha. aṭṭha. 226 saṅkhāpadaniddesa; su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.523; udā. aṭṭha. 39; itivu. aṭṭha. 14, 58; theragā. aṭṭha. 1.67, 99; cūḷani. aṭṭha. 6; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.117);
轮回本身就是流,所以叫“轮回流”,也就是那个轮回之流。或者也可以说,轮回的流就是“轮回流”,意思是:切断那作为轮回之因的渴爱之流。“三有”:就是欲有、色有、无色有。能产生三有的业和烦恼,这里就叫做“三有”。“法船”:就是圣八支道。因为它能渡越四种瀑流,所以称为“法船”。“登上”:就是登上去。“我将度脱”:就是我将度脱。然而,对于想要成就佛果的人来说——巴利
Saṃsāro ca so sotaṃ ceti saṃsārasotaṃ, taṃ saṃsārasotaṃ. Atha vā saṃsārassa sotaṃ saṃsārasotaṃ, saṃsārakāraṇaṃ taṇhāsotaṃ chinditvāti attho. Tayo bhaveti kāmarūpārūpabhave. Tibhavanibbattakakammakilesā tayo bhavāti adhippetā. Dhammanāvanti ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ. So hi caturoghuttaraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘dhammanāvā’’ti vuccati. Samāruyhāti āruyha. Santāressanti santāressāmi. Yasmā pana buddhattaṃ patthentassa –
“ 得人身、具男根,有因、得见导师;
出家、具功德,有胜行与欲愿。
八种法汇聚在一起时,成佛的大愿就能圆满成就。”巴利
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ; Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā; Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhati’’.
其中,“人身”是指:只有安住在人身的状态下,发愿成佛,这个愿才能实现;如果投生在龙等族类中,就不能实现。为什么呢?因为那些状态没有(成佛的)因。巴利
Tattha manussattanti manussattabhāveyeva ṭhatvā buddhattaṃ patthentassa patthanā samijjhati, na nāgajātiādīsu ṭhitānaṃ. Kasmāti ce? Ahetukabhāvato.
“相成就”是说:即使已经生在人的身份里,也只有安住在男性特征中的人,他的愿求才能实现;女人、黄门、不能男、二根人,他们的愿求不能实现。为什么呢?因为缺少相的圆满。经里就是这样说的:“诸比丘,女人成为阿拉汉、正自觉者,这是不可能的,没有这样的事。”广说如上。所以,安住在女性特征中的人,即使生为人,他的愿求也不能实现。巴利
Liṅgasampattīti manussattabhāve vattamānassāpi purisaliṅge ṭhitasseva patthanā samijjhati, na itthiyā vā paṇḍakanapuṃsakaubhatobyañjanakānaṃ vā samijjhati . Kasmāti ce? Lakkhaṇapāripūriyā abhāvato. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ itthī arahaṃ assa sammāsambuddho’’ti (ma. ni. 3.130; a. ni. 1.279; vibha. 809) vitthāro. Tasmā itthiliṅge ṭhitassa manussajātikassāpi patthanā na samijjhati.
所谓“因”,是指即使身为男子,也只有在那一世具足了证得阿拉汉果的因缘,他的愿才会实现;因缘不具足的人则不会实现。巴利
Hetūti purisassāpi tasmiṃ attabhāve arahattappattiyā hetusampannasseva patthanā samijjhati, no itarassa.
“见导师”的意思是:只有在还在世的佛陀面前发愿,愿才会成就。世尊般涅槃之后,在塔庙前、菩提树下、佛像前,或者在独觉佛、佛弟子面前发愿,愿都不能成就。为什么?因为只有佛陀能以业果决断智了知众生堪能或不堪能,并加以判定而作出授记;其他人没有这个能力。所以,只有在佛陀面前发愿,愿才会成就。巴利
Satthāradassananti sace jīvamānakabuddhasseva santike pattheti patthanā samijjhati. Parinibbute bhagavati cetiyassa santike vā bodhirukkhamūle vā paṭimāya vā paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ vā santike patthanā na samijjhati. Kasmā? Bhabbābhabbake ñatvā kammavipākaparicchedakañāṇena paricchinditvā byākātuṃ asamatthattā. Tasmā buddhassa santikeyeva patthanā samijjhati.
即使是在佛陀世尊面前发愿,也必须是已经出家的人——无论是已出家为持业行说的苦行者,还是已出家为比丘——他的愿才会实现;如果还处在在家人的身份中,就不会实现。为什么?因为菩萨都是出家之后才证得正觉的,在家人则不是。所以,即使在最初发愿的时候,也必须是出家身份。巴利
Pabbajjāti buddhassa bhagavato santike patthentassāpi kammakiriyavādīsu tāpasesu vā bhikkhūsu vā pabbajitasseva patthanā samijjhati, no gihiliṅge ṭhitassa. Kasmā? Pabbajitāyeva hi bodhisattā sambodhiṃ adhigacchanti, na gahaṭṭhā. Tasmā ādimhi paṇidhānakālepi pabbajiteneva bhavitabbaṃ.
德成就:即使是出家人,也只有证得八等至、获得五神通的人才能达成,缺乏这种德成就的人则不能。为什么?因为没有德行的人不具备这个。巴利
Guṇasampattīti pabbajitassāpi aṭṭhasamāpattilābhino pañcābhiññasseva samijjhati, na pana imāya guṇasampattiyā virahitassa. Kasmā? Nigguṇassa tadabhāvato.
所谓“殊胜资格”,即:一个人纵然具足功德,也唯有曾将自身生命奉献给诸佛、具足此殊胜资格者,方能成办;不具此资格的人则不能。巴利
Adhikāroti guṇasampannenāpi yena attano jīvitaṃ buddhānaṃ pariccattaṃ hoti, tassa iminā adhikārena sampannasseva samijjhati, na itarassa.
所谓“欲”,是指即使已经具足愿求的人,也只有当他为了成佛之法而生起强大的欲、精进、努力和遍求时,他的愿望才会实现,别人则不会。这里就“欲之大”打个比方——假如有人这样认为:“谁能凭自己的臂力,游过整个充满水的轮围界内部而到达彼岸,他就能证得佛果。谁若不以这(难事)为自己所难行,想‘我将游过此(水)而到达彼岸’”,这样具足大欲、大努力的人,他的愿求才会实现,别人则不会。巴利
Chandatāti abhinīhārasampannassāpi yassa buddhakārakadhammānaṃ atthāya mahanto chando vāyāmo ca ussāho ca pariyeṭṭhi ca, tasseva samijjhati, na itarassa. Tatridaṃ chandamahantatāya opammaṃ – sace hi evamassa, ‘‘yo pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ ekodakībhūtaṃ attano bāhubalena uttaritvā pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo panimaṃ attano dukkaraṃ na maññati ‘ahaṃ imaṃ uttaritvā pāraṃ gamissāmī’’’ti evaṃ mahatā chandena ussāhena samannāgato hoti, tassa patthanā samijjhati, na itarassa (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.khaggavisāṇasuttavaṇṇanā; apa. aṭṭha. 1.dūrenidāna, sumedhakathā; cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā).
善慧智者把前面这八种法合在一起之后,为了成佛而发愿,然后躺了下来。燃灯佛世尊也来到那里,站在善慧智者的头边,看见善慧苦行者躺在泥地上,就放出未来分智观察,想知道:“这位苦行者为了成佛而发愿躺下,他的愿望到底能不能实现呢?”他了解到:“再过四阿僧祇又十万劫,他会成为名叫乔达摩的佛陀。”于是当场站在大众中间授记说:“比丘们,你们看见这位修苦行的善慧苦行者躺在泥地上吗?”“是的,世尊。”“他为了成佛而发愿躺下,这位苦行者的愿望一定会实现。因为从今以后,再过四阿僧祇又十万劫,他会成为世间名叫乔达摩的佛陀。在他那一生中,将住在迦毗罗卫城,母亲是摩诃摩耶王后,父亲是净饭大王,优波提舍和拘律陀是两位上首弟子,阿难是侍者,差摩和莲华色是两位上首比丘尼。这位善慧智者将成为智慧成熟的人,行大出家,修大精进,在榕树下接受善生女供养的乳粥,在尼连禅河边吃完后,登上菩提道场,在阿说他树下觉悟。”因此说:巴利
Sumedhapaṇḍito pana ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvāva buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji. Dīpaṅkaropi bhagavā āgantvā sumedhapaṇḍitassa sīsabhāge ṭhatvā kalalapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ sumedhatāpasaṃ disvā – ‘‘ayaṃ tāpaso buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, ijjhissati nu kho etassa patthanā, udāhu no’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ pesetvā upadhārento – ‘‘ito kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ṭhitakova parisamajjhe byākāsi – ‘‘passatha no, tumhe bhikkhave, imaṃ uggatapaṃ tāpasaṃ kalalapiṭṭhe nipanna’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti. Ayaṃ buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati imassa tāpasassa patthanā, ayañhi ito kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho loke bhavissati. Tasmiṃ panassa attabhāve kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ nivāso bhavissati, mahāmāyā nāma devī mātā, suddhodano nāma rājā pitā, upatisso ca kolito ca dve aggasāvakā, ānando nāma upaṭṭhāko, khemā ca uppalavaṇṇā ca dve aggasāvikā bhavissanti . Ayaṃ paripakkañāṇo hutvā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahitvā nigrodhamūle sujātāya nāma kumāriyā dinnaṃ pāyāsaṃ paṭiggahetvā nerañjarāya tīre paribhuñjitvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha assattharukkhamūle abhisambujjhissatīti. Tena vuttaṃ –
燃灯佛,了知世间的人,接受供养的人;
他站在我的头顶上,说了这番话。巴利
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho; Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvāna, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
你们看这位苦行者,结着发髻,修着严酷的苦行;
经过无数劫之后,佛陀将会出现在世间。巴利
‘‘Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ, jaṭilaṃ uggatāpanaṃ; Aparimeyyito kappe, buddho loke bhavissati.
曾有如来从可爱的迦毗罗卫城出发后,
发起精进努力,修了难行的苦行。巴利
‘‘Ahū kapilavhayā rammā, nikkhamitvā tathāgato; Padhānaṃ padahitvāna, katvā dukkarakārikaṃ.
如来坐在牧羊人榕树下,
在那里,他捧起乳粥,前往尼连禅河。巴利
‘‘Ajapālarukkhamūlasmiṃ, nisīditvā tathāgato; Tattha pāyāsaṃ paggayha, nerañjaramupehiti.
在尼连禅河岸边,那位胜者吃了乳粥。
沿着诸天为他铺好的殊胜道路,他将走向菩提树的脚下。巴利
‘‘Nerañjarāya tīramhi, pāyāsaṃ ada so jino; Paṭiyattavaramaggena, bodhimūlamupehiti.
然后,无上者右绕菩提道场,
在阿说他树底下,那位大名闻者将会觉悟。巴利
‘‘Tato padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, bodhimaṇḍaṃ anuttaro; Assattharukkhamūlamhi, bujjhissati mahāyaso.
他的生母将会名叫摩耶。
父亲名为净饭,此人将是乔达摩。巴利
‘‘Imassa janikā mātā, māyā nāma bhavissati; Pitā suddhodano nāma, ayaṃ hessati gotamo.
他们已无诸漏,远离贪欲,内心寂静,心得安定。
拘律陀与优波提舍,将成为上首弟子;
名为阿难的侍者,将承事这位胜者。巴利
‘‘Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā; Kolito upatisso ca, aggā hessanti sāvakā; Ānando nāmupaṭṭhāko, upaṭṭhissatimaṃ jinaṃ.
差摩和莲华色将成为上首女弟子;
他们已漏尽、离贪,心得寂静,安住于定。巴利
‘‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, aggā hessanti sāvikā; Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā.
“ 世尊的那棵菩提树,被称为阿萨特树。
质多和手阿拉瓦迦,将成为上首的近侍。
郁多罗和难陀母,将成为上首的女侍者。”巴利
‘‘Bodhi tassa bhagavato, assatthoti pavuccati; Citto ca hatthāḷavako, aggā hessantupaṭṭhakā; Uttarā nandamātā ca, aggā hessantupaṭṭhikā’’ti.
在这里,“世间解”是指因为他以一切方式了知世间,所以称为世间解。世尊确实从自性、从集起、从灭尽、从趣向灭尽之道,以一切方式了知、知道、通达了世间。因此,他被称为世间解。正如经中所说:巴利
Tattha lokavidūti sabbathā viditalokattā pana lokavidū. Bhagavā hi sabhāvato samudayato nirodhato nirodhūpāyatoti sabbathāpi lokaṃ avedi aññāsi paṭivijjhi. Tasmā lokavidūti vuccati. Yathāha –
“ 因此,那位善慧的世间解确实已到达世间尽头,梵行已立。
已经证得寂静的人,了知世间的尽头之后,对这个世间和别的世间都不再贪求。”巴利
‘‘Tasmā have lokavidū sumedho, lokantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo; Lokassa antaṃ samitāvi ñatvā, nāsīsatī lokamimaṃ parañcā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.46);
另外,有三种世间:行世间、有情世间、空间世间。其中,行世间就是缘生的地等诸法。有情世间就是有想、无想、非想非非想的众生。空间世间就是众生居住的处所。世尊如实了知这三种世间,所以称为世间解。受供养者,是指因为值得受人供养、值得领受布施,所以能接受布施。站在我的头边,就是站在我的头旁边。意思是现在要说的这番话,他当时说了。结发者,因为他有结发,所以叫结发者,就是那位结发者。修严酷苦行者,就是修习严酷苦行的人。曾是,就是在那时是。或者这就是原文的读法。名为迦毗罗卫,就是名称叫迦毗罗卫。可爱的,因为令人愉悦。精进,就是精进力。将会来,就是将会来、将会到达。其余偈颂的意思很明白。巴利
Api ca tayo lokā – saṅkhāraloko, sattaloko, okāsalokoti. Tattha saṅkhāraloko nāma paṭiccasamuppannā pathaviādayo dhammā. Sattaloko nāma saññino asaññino nevasaññināsaññino ca sattā. Okāsaloko nāma sattānaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ. Ime pana tayopi lokā bhagavatā yathāsabhāvato viditā, tasmā lokavidūti vuccati. Āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahoti dānānaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ arahattā dakkhiṇeyyattā āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho. Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvānāti mama sīsasamīpe ṭhatvā. Idaṃ idāni vattabbaṃ vacanaṃ abravīti attho. Jaṭilanti jaṭā assa santīti jaṭilo, taṃ jaṭilaṃ. Uggatāpananti uggatāpasaṃ. Ahūti ahani, athāti attho. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Kapilavhayāti kapilaavhayā abhidhānā. Rammāti ramaṇīyato. Padhānanti vīriyaṃ. Ehitīti essati gamissati. Sesagāthāsu uttānamevāti.
善慧智者听了以后,心想:“看来我的愿望真的会实现!”心里生起了欢喜。大众听了燃灯十力者的说法,也都欢欣鼓舞,说:“听说善慧苦行者真是佛的种子、佛的幼芽!”他们又这样想:“就像一个人要过河,找不到直捷的渡口过去,就从下游的渡口过去一样,我们在燃灯十力者的教法里没能证得道果;将来您成佛的时候,愿我们能在您面前亲自证得道果!”他们就这样发了愿。燃灯十力者称赞了菩萨大士,用八捧花供养,右绕行礼之后离开了。那四十万位漏尽者也用花和香供养菩萨,右绕行礼之后离开了。天与人同样供养、顶礼之后离开了。巴利
Tato sumedhapaṇḍito – ‘‘mayhaṃ kira patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti sañjātasomanasso ahosi. Mahājano dīpaṅkaradasabalassa vacanaṃ sutvā – ‘‘sumedhatāpaso kira buddhabījaṅkuro’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭho ahosi. Evañcassa ahosi – ‘‘yathā nāma puriso nadiṃ taranto ujukena titthena tarituṃ asakkonto heṭṭhātitthena uttarati, evameva mayaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalassa sāsane maggaphalaṃ alabhamānā anāgate yadā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, tadā tava sammukhā maggaphalaṃ sacchikātuṃ samatthā bhaveyyāmā’’ti patthanaṃ akaṃsu. Dīpaṅkaradasabalo bodhisattaṃ mahāsattaṃ pasaṃsitvā aṭṭhahi pupphamuṭṭhīhi pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Tepi catusatasahassā khīṇāsavā bodhisattaṃ pupphehi ca gandhehi ca pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Devamanussā pana tatheva pūjetvā vanditvā pakkamiṃsu.
这时,照亮一切世间的燃灯世尊,被四十万位已断尽烦恼的比丘围绕着,受到喜乐城居民的供养,也受到天神的礼拜致敬。他就像傍晚霞光映照下的那座胜妙金山山顶一样,在种种神通变化不断显现之中,沿着那条装饰整齐的道路前行,进入了喜乐城。那座城里弥漫着各种芬芳花朵的香气,飘散着香粉的馥郁气味,高悬着旗帜和长幡;因为香气不断,蜂群一群一群地盘旋飞舞;香烟弥漫成一片昏暗;那城庄严美丽,好像天城一样,令人欢喜。世尊进城后,在为他铺设好的、极其贵重的大佛座上坐了下来,就像太阳升起在持双山顶上一样——那太阳光芒吉祥,像秋日般明净,驱散黑暗,让莲花池绽放;而世尊就是具足十力的太阳。比丘僧团也按顺序各自在自己的座位上坐下。喜乐城的在家信众们,具足信心等功德,向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团供养了种种美味食物,那些食物装饰精美,具足色泽、香气和味道,无与伦比,是能带来快乐的布施。巴利
Atha sabbalokamatidīpaṅkaro dīpaṅkaro bhagavā catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto rammanagaravāsīhi pūjiyamāno devatāhi abhivandiyamāno sañjhāppabhānurañjitavarakanakagirisikharo viya jaṅgamamāno anekesu pāṭihāriyesu vattamānesu tena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena maggena gantvā nānāsurabhikusumagandhavāsitaṃ cuṇṇasammodagandhaṃ samussitadhajapaṭākaṃ gandhānubaddhahadayehi bhamaragaṇehi gumbagumbāyamānaṃ dhūpandhakāraṃ amarapurasadisasobhaṃ abhirammaṃ rammanagaraṃ pavisitvā paññatte mahārahe buddhāsane yugandharamatthake saradasamayarucirakararajanikaro timiranikaranidhanakaro kamalavanavikasanakaro divasakaro viya dasabaladivasakaro nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi paṭipāṭiyā attano attano pattāsane nisīdi. Rammanagaravāsino pana upāsakā saddhādiguṇasampannā nānāvidhakhajjādīhi samalaṅkataṃ vaṇṇagandharasasampannaṃ asadisaṃ sukhanidānaṃ dānaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa adaṃsu.
那时,菩萨听完十力者的授记,觉得成佛就像握在掌心里一样,心中欢喜。众人都离开后,他从卧座上起身,心想:“我要审察诸波罗蜜。”便在花堆顶上盘腿坐下。大士这样坐下时,一万个世界的一切天神都发出赞叹,用种种称赞赞叹菩萨,说道:“尊者善慧苦行者,过去诸菩萨盘腿坐下、生起‘我要审察波罗蜜’之念时,那些所谓的前兆之相都会显现。今天这些瑞相全都显现了,你必定成佛无疑。我们知道:凡显现这些瑞相的人,必定会成为佛陀。所以,你应当坚定自己的精进,努力奋发!”他们用种种赞叹赞叹菩萨。因此说道:巴利
Atha kho bodhisatto dasabalassa byākaraṇaṃ sutvā buddhabhāvaṃ karatalagatamiva maññamāno pamuditahadayo sabbesu paṭikkantesu sayanā vuṭṭhāya – ‘‘pāramiyo vicinissāmī’’ti puppharāsimatthake pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. Evaṃ nisinne mahāsatte sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā sādhukāraṃ datvā – ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, porāṇakabodhisattānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā – ‘pāramiyo vicinissāmī’ti nisinnakāle yāni pubbanimittāni nāma paññāyanti, tāni sabbānipi ajja pātubhūtāni nissaṃsayena tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, mayametaṃ jānāma – ‘yassetāni nimittāni paññāyanti, so ekanteneva buddho bhavissati’ tasmā tvaṃ attano vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā paggaṇhā’’ti bodhisattaṃ nānappakārāhi thutīhi abhitthaviṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ –
听了无与伦比的大仙这番话,
人和天神都欢欣鼓舞,说这真是佛的种子啊。巴利
‘‘Idaṃ sutvāna vacanaṃ, asamassa mahesino; Āmoditā naramarū, buddhabījaṃ kira ayaṃ.
欢呼声四处响起,他们拍手,又放声大笑;
一万个世界里的众生连同诸天神,都合掌恭敬礼拜。巴利
‘‘Ukkuṭṭhisaddā vattanti, apphoṭenti hasanti ca; Katañjalī namassanti, dasasahassī sadevakā.
如果我们违背这位世间主的教法,
在未来的时候,我们将会当面遇见这位。巴利
‘‘Yadimassa lokanāthassa, virajjhissāma sāsanaṃ; Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
就像人们渡河时,错过了原来的渡口,
从下游渡口抓住(东西)后,他们渡过了大河。巴利
‘‘Yathā manussā nadiṃ tarantā, paṭititthaṃ virajjhiya; Heṭṭhātitthe gahetvāna, uttaranti mahānadiṃ.
同样,若我们皆放过此胜者,
未来世中我们将当面遇见此人。巴利
‘‘Evameva mayaṃ sabbe, yadi muñcāmimaṃ jinaṃ; Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
燃灯佛是了知世间的人,是接受供养的人;
他称赞了我的业行之后,抬起了右脚。巴利
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho; Mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādamuddhari.
那些在场的胜者之子们,都对我右绕行礼;
天人们、人们和阿修罗们礼敬之后,就各自离开了。巴利
‘‘Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, padakkhiṇamakaṃsu maṃ; Devā manussā asurā ca, abhivādetvāna pakkamuṃ.
世尊与比丘僧众既出我视线,
我即从卧处起身,尔时结跏趺坐。巴利
‘‘Dassanaṃ me atikkante, sasaṅghe lokanāyake; Sayanā vuṭṭhahitvāna, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.
我因乐而安乐,因喜而欢喜;
那时喜悦遍满,我便盘腿而坐。巴利
‘‘Sukhena sukhito homi, pāmojjena pamodito; Pītiyā ca abhissanno, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.
我那时盘腿坐下后,这样想:
我已修到能在禅那中做主,也已在种种神通上达到了顶点。巴利
‘‘Pallaṅkena nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā; Vasībhūto ahaṃ jhāne, abhiññāsu pāramiṃ gato.
在这上千的世间里,没有哪个仙人能和我相比。
在神通法方面,我无人能比,得到了这样的安乐。巴利
‘‘Sahassiyamhi lokamhi, isayo natthi me samā; Asamo iddhidhammesu, alabhiṃ īdisaṃ sukhaṃ.
我结跏趺坐之时,一万世界的居民
发出大音声:你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Pallaṅkābhujane mayhaṃ, dasasahassādhivāsino; Mahānādaṃ pavattesuṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
昔日诸菩萨盘腿坐于殊胜座上时,那些瑞相显现;
今日它们也显现。巴利
‘‘Yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje; Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare.
寒冷已经退去,炎热也平息了;
今天这些瑞相显现,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Sītaṃ byapagataṃ hoti, uṇhañca upasammati; Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一万个世界都安静下来,没有一点嘈杂和纷乱。
今天这些瑞相显现出来,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Dasasahassī lokadhātu, nissaddā honti nirākulā; Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
大风不吹,河流不流;
今天这些瑞相显现出来,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Mahāvātā na vāyanti, na sandanti savantiyo; Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
陆生的花、水生的花,就在那一刻全都开了;
今天它们全都开花了,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Thalajā dakajā pupphā, sabbe pupphanti tāvade; Tepajja pupphitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
藤蔓也好,树木也好,那时都果实累累;
这些今天全都结了果,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Latā vā yadi vā rukkhā, phalabhārā honti tāvade; Tepajja phalitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
住在虚空中和住在地上的那些宝,那时都放出光明;
这些宝珠今天闪闪发光,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā, ratanā jotanti tāvade; Tepajja ratanā jotanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
人间和天界的乐器,就在那一刻同时奏响。
今日这两者齐声欢唱:你必定将成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Mānussakā ca dibbā ca, turiyā vajjanti tāvade; Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
五彩缤纷的花朵从天空中,就在那时纷纷飘落下来;
那些花今天也在飘落,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Vicittapupphā gaganā, abhivassanti tāvade; Tepi ajja pavassanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
大海翻涌,十千世界震动;
那两只鸟雀欢欣地宣称:你必定会成为佛陀!巴利
‘‘Mahāsamuddo ābhujati, dasasahassī pakampati; Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
即使在地狱的一万处,火也在那时熄灭;
今天这些火已经熄灭,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Nirayepi dasasahasse, aggī nibbanti tāvade; Tepajja nibbutā aggī, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
日轮澄净无瑕,众星悉皆显现;
今朝这些复现,汝必当成佛陀。巴利
‘‘Vimalo hoti sūriyo, sabbā dissanti tārakā; Tepi ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
没有下雨,水就在那时从大地涌出;
那水当下就从大地涌出,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Anovaṭṭhena udakaṃ, mahiyā ubbhijji tāvade; Tampajjubbhijjate mahiyā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
群星在天空中闪耀,星宿在苍穹的圆盘里放光。
毗舍佉与月亮相伴,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Tārāgaṇā virocanti, nakkhattā gaganamaṇḍale; Visākhā candimāyuttā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
住在洞穴里的、住在山洞里的,都从自己的住处出来了;
今天那些动物已经离开巢穴,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Bilāsayā darīsayā, nikkhamanti sakāsayā; Tepajja āsayā chuddhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
众生不会有不满,他们当下就知足了;
提帕贾全都知足了,你必定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Na honti aratī sattānaṃ, santuṭṭhā honti tāvade; Tepajja sabbe santuṭṭhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
疾病就在那时止息,饥饿也会消失;
那些景象今天显现出来,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Rogā tadupasammanti, jighacchā ca vinassasi; Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
那时疾病会变少,嗔恨和愚痴也会消失。
今日它们悉皆离去,你必将成佛。巴利
‘‘Rogā tadā tanu hoti, doso moho vinassasi; Tepajja vigatā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
那时不会有恐惧,今天这个征兆将会显现。
凭这个特征我们就知道:你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Bhayaṃ tadā na bhavati, ajjapetaṃ padissati; Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
尘土不向上飞散,今日此相却得见;
凭这个征兆我们就知道,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Rajonuddhaṃsatī uddhaṃ, ajjapetaṃ padissati; Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
不好的气味散去了,天界的香气飘散开来;
今天这香气四处飘散,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Aniṭṭhagandho pakkamati, dibbagandho pavāyati; Sopajja vāyatī gandho, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
所有天人都显现出来,只有无色界的天人除外。
今天它们全都显现出来,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Sabbe devā padissanti, ṭhapayitvā arūpino; Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
凡是叫地狱的地方,那时全都显现出来;
今天它们全都显现出来,你一定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Yāvatā nirayā nāma, sabbe dissanti tāvade; Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
墙、门扇和岩石,那时都挡不住他;
已成为虚空者,你必定会成佛。巴利
‘‘Kuṭṭā kavāṭā selā ca, na hontāvaraṇā tadā; Ākāsabhūtā tepajja, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
就在那一刹那,死与再生都不存在。
那些相将会显现出来,你必定会成为佛陀。巴利
‘‘Cutī ca upapattī ca, khaṇe tasmiṃ na vijjati; Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
“ 要坚定地提起精进,不要退缩,向前迈进。
我们也知道这件事:你一定会成佛。”巴利
‘‘Daḷhaṃ paggaṇha vīriyaṃ, mā nivatta abhikkama; Mayampetaṃ vijānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti.
在这里,听了这句话,就是指听了燃灯世尊对菩萨的授记之语。无等,是因为没有与之相等或相似的人,所以叫无等。正如所说的——巴利
Tattha idaṃ sutvāna vacananti idaṃ dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato bodhisattassa byākaraṇavacanaṃ sutvā. Asamassāti samassa sadisassa abhāvato asamassa. Yathāha –
“ 我没有老师,也没有谁能和我相比;
在包括天人在内的世间里,没有谁和我同等。”巴利
‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati; Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo’’ti. (ma. ni. 1.285; 2.341; mahāva. 11; kathā. 405; mi. pa. 4.5.11);
“大仙”:因为他寻求、遍求广大的戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴,所以称为大仙;这里指这位大仙。“人与天”:就是人与天,不过这是一种强调的说法,其实十千世界里的所有龙、金翅鸟、夜叉等也都欢喜。“这是佛陀的种子”:意思是“这佛的幼芽已经出现了”,他们因此欢喜。巴利
Mahesinoti mahante sīlasamādhipaññākkhandhe esi gavesīti mahesī, tassa mahesino. Naramarūti narā ca amarā ca, ukkaṭṭhaniddeso panāyaṃ sabbepi dasasahassilokadhātuyā nāgasupaṇṇayakkhādayopi āmoditāva. Buddhabījaṃ kira ayanti ayaṃ kira buddhaṅkuro uppannoti āmoditāti attho.
“高声欢呼的声音”是指欢呼声响起。“拍手”是指用手拍打手臂。“十千”是指十千世界。“含天神的”意思是:包含天神的十千世界都礼敬。“如果这……”就是“如果对于这个”,或者这正是原文的读法。“我们将会错过”意思是“如果我们不能遇到”。“在未来的时劫中”指在未来的时间。“我们将成为”指将会是。“当面”指成为面对面。“这”就是“这的”,用受格形式来表达“这的”这个意思。巴利
Ukkuṭṭhisaddāti unnādasaddā vattanti. Apphoṭentīti hatthehi bāhā abhihananti. Dasasahassīti dasasahassilokadhātuyo. Sadevakāti saha devehi sadevakā dasasahassī namassantīti attho. Yadimassāti yadi imassa, ayameva vā pāṭho. Virajjhissāmāti yadi na sampāpuṇissāma. Anāgatamhi addhāneti anāgate kāle. Hessāmāti bhavissāma. Sammukhāti sammukhībhūtā. Imanti imassa, sāmiatthe upayogavacanaṃ.
渡河人是指摆渡的人,也有写成“naditarantā”的读法。在正对面的渡口,就是指迎面相对的渡口。错过了,就是错过之后。如果我们放开,意思是:如果我们放开这位世尊,还没办完该办的事就离开。称说我所行,就是说明了我所修习的意义。抬起右脚,就是抬起了右脚,也有写成“已作右绕”的读法。巴利
Nadiṃtarantāti nadītaraṇakā, ‘‘naditarantā’’tipi pāṭho. Paṭititthanti paṭimukhatitthaṃ. Virajjhiyāti virajjhitvā. Yadi muñcāmāti yadi imaṃ bhagavantaṃ muñcitvā akatakiccā gamissāmāti attho. Mama kammaṃ pakittetvāti mama bhāvitamatthaṃ byākaritvā. Dakkhiṇaṃpādamuddharīti dakkhiṇaṃ pādaṃ ukkhipi, ‘‘katapadakkhiṇo’’tipi pāṭho.
“胜者之子”是指燃灯佛世尊的弟子们。天、人、阿修罗在礼敬之后离去——天等一切众生都对我右绕三圈,用花等供养,五体投地礼拜,然后退下,一再回头凝望,以种种甜美动听的言辞赞叹着离去。也有读作“人、龙与乾闼婆,在礼敬之后离去”。巴利
Jinaputtāti dīpaṅkarassa satthuno sāvakā. Devā manussā asurā ca, abhivādetvāna pakkamunti devādayo sabbepi ime maṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pupphādīhi pūjetvā suppatiṭṭhitapañcaṅgā vanditvā nivattitvā punappunaṃ oloketvā madhuratthabyañjanāhi nānappakārāhi thutīhi vaṇṇentā pakkamiṃsu. ‘‘Narā nāgā ca gandhabbā, abhivādetvāna pakkamu’’ntipi pāṭho.
“我的看见已经越过”,意思是:世尊已经超出我视野所及的范围。也有写成“当看见的接触范围被舍弃时”的读法。“与僧团一起”就是和僧团在一起,即在那僧团中。“从卧处起来之后”,就是从躺着的地方、从泥泞中起来之后。“盘腿而坐”,意思是盘好腿坐着,坐在花堆上。也有写成“那时,我怀着欢喜之心,从座位起身”的读法,这个意思很清楚。巴利
Dassanaṃ me atikkanteti mama dassanavisayaṃ bhagavati atikkante. ‘‘Jahite dassanūpacāre’’tipi pāṭho. Sasaṅgheti saddhiṃ saṅghena sasaṅgho, tasmiṃ sasaṅghe. Sayanā vuṭṭhahitvānāti nipannaṭṭhānato kalalato uṭṭhahitvā. Pallaṅkaṃ ābhujinti katapallaṅko hutvā puppharāsimhi nisīdinti attho. ‘‘Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā’’tipi pāṭho, so uttānatthova.
被喜悦遍满,就是被喜所浸润。成为自在者,就是达到了自在的境界。在禅那中,是指在色界和无色界的禅那中。在千世界中,是指在十千世界中。在世界里,是指在世界界中。与我同等,是指和我相似。先总说“没有与我同等的”,现在为了确定这一点,又说“在神变诸法中无等”。其中,“在神变诸法中”,意思是在五种神变法中。获得,就是得到了。这样的乐,就是这样的喜乐。巴利
Pītiyā ca abhissannoti pītiparipphuṭo. Vasībhūtoti vasībhāvappatto. Jhāneti rūpāvacarārūpāvacarajhānesu. Sahassiyamhīti dasasahassiyaṃ. Lokamhīti lokadhātuyā. Me samāti mayā sadisā. Avisesena ‘‘me samā natthī’’ti vatvā idāni tameva niyamento ‘‘asamo iddhidhammesū’’ti āha. Tattha iddhidhammesūti pañcasu iddhidhammesūti attho. Alabhinti paṭilabhiṃ. Īdisaṃ sukhanti īdisaṃ somanassaṃ.
这时,善慧苦行者听完十力世尊的授记后,觉得自己已经成佛,就像佛位已在掌中一样,满心欢喜。在十千世界中,那些清净居处的大梵天神们——他们曾见过过去诸佛——通过展示授记决定菩萨时出现的瑞相神变,来表明如来所说的话真实不虚,也让我感到满足,于是说出了这些偈颂。世尊为了说明这一点,便说了“在我的结跏趺坐中”等颂文。巴利
Atha sumedhatāpaso dasabalassa byākaraṇaṃ sutvā buddhabhāvaṃ karatalagatakālamiva maññamāno pamuditahadayo dasasu lokadhātusahassesu suddhāvāsamahābrahmāno atītabuddhadassāvino niyatabodhisattānaṃ byākaraṇe uppajjamānapāṭihāriyadassanena tathāgatavacanassa avitathataṃ pakāsento maṃ paritosayantā imā gāthāyo āhaṃsūti dassento bhagavā ‘‘pallaṅkābhujane mayha’’ntiādimāha.
在这里,“在我的结跏趺座上”就是指在我的结跏趺座上。也可以说,这正是原文的读法。“住在十千世界中的”是指住在十千世界里的那些大梵天神。“那些先前的”是指那些先前出现的,应当理解为省略了词尾变化之后这样说。“结上殊胜的跏趺座”是指在结上殊胜的跏趺座时。“诸相显现”的意思是诸相显现了。本该用过去时的表达,却用了现在时。虽然这样说了,但意思要按过去时来理解。“那些相今日显现”是说:过去那些决定菩萨结跏趺座时出现的相,今天显现了。因此,你必定会成为佛。但并不是那些完全相同的相又出现了,而是因为与它们相似,才说“那些相今日显现”,应当这样理解。巴利
Tattha pallaṅkābhujane mayhanti mama pallaṅkābhujane. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Dasasahassādhivāsinoti dasasahassivāsino mahābrahmāno. Yā pubbeti yāni pubbe, vibhattilopaṃ katvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Pallaṅkavaramābhujeti varapallaṅkābhujane. Nimittāni padissantīti nimittāni padissiṃsūti attho. Atītavacane vattabbe vattamānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atītavasena attho gahetabbo. Tāni ajja padissareti pubbepi niyatabodhisattānaṃ pallaṅkābhujane yāni nimittāni uppajjiṃsu, tāni nimittāni ajja padissare. Tasmā tvaṃ dhuvameva buddho bhavissasīti attho. Na pana tāniyeva nimittāni uppajjiṃsu, taṃsadisattā ‘‘tāni ajja padissare’’ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
寒冷,就是冷的性质。已离去,就是已经走掉、已经消失。它们指的是寒冷消失、暑热平息的状态。无声,就是没有声音、没有响动。无扰,就是没有混乱;或者也可以读作“无扰”。不流,就是不流动、不运转。诸河流,就是指河流。那些,指的是不吹动、不流动。陆生的,指生长在地面、山丘、树木上的花。水生的,指生长在水中的花。开花,指过去为诸菩萨开过花;这里用现在时表达过去的意思,应当依照前面所说的方式来理解。它们今日也开花,意思是那些花今天正在开放。巴利
Sītanti sītattaṃ. Byapagatanti gataṃ vigataṃ. Tānīti sītavigamanauṇhupasamanānīti attho. Nissaddāti asaddā anigghosā. Nirākulāti anākulā, ayameva vā pāṭho. Na sandantīti na vahanti nappavattanti. Savantiyoti nadiyo. Tānīti avāyanaasandanāni. Thalajāti pathavitalapabbatarukkhesu jātāni. Dakajāti odakāni pupphāni. Pupphantīti pubbe bodhisattānaṃ pupphiṃsu, atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Tepajja pupphitānīti tāni pupphāni ajja pupphitānīti attho.
“Phalabhārā”就是承载果实的。“Tepajjā”就是它们今天;因为前面说的是“藤蔓或树木”,这里按阳性词说成“tepī”。“Phalitā”就是已经结出果实的。“Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā ca”就是处于虚空和处于地面的宝石,也就是珍珠等宝物。“Jotanti”就是照耀。“Mānussakā”就是属于人类的,即人间的。“Dibbā”就是属于天神的,即天界的。“Turiyā”就是五种乐器:革(一面鼓)、板(两面鼓)、革板(全面覆盖的大琵琶等)、腹(竹管等吹奏乐器)、圆(铜钹等打击乐器)。“Vajjanti”就是演奏,如前所述方式演奏,以现在时表过去义,后同类词语亦然。“Abhiravanti”就是犹如各处善巧者极好地击奏般鸣响,意思是喧鸣。巴利
Phalabhārāti phaladharā. Tepajjāti tepi ajja, pulliṅgavasena ‘‘tepī’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘latā vā rukkhā vā’’ti vuttattā. Phalitāti sañjātaphalā. Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā cāti ākāsagatā ca bhūmigatā ca ratanānīti muttādīni ratanāni. Jotantīti obhāsanti. Mānussakāti manussānaṃ santakā mānussakā. Dibbāti devānaṃ santakā dibbā. Turiyāti ātataṃ vitataṃ ātatavitataṃ susiraṃ ghananti pañca turiyāni. Tattha ātataṃ nāma cammapariyonaddhesu bheriādīsu ekatalaturiyaṃ. Vitataṃ nāma ubhayatalaṃ. Ātatavitataṃ nāma sabbato pariyonaddhaṃ mahativallakiādikaṃ. Susiraṃ nāma vaṃsādikaṃ. Ghanaṃ nāma sammatāḷādikaṃ. Vajjantīti heṭṭhā vuttanayena vajjiṃsu, atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Esa nayo upari īdisesu vacanesupi. Abhiravantīti tatra tatra kusalehi sumuñcitā suppatāḷitā suvāditā viya abhiravanti, abhinadantīti attho.
各种颜色、各种香气、种种不同的鲜花。“如雨般降下”:就是纷纷落下、洒落下来的意思。“那些也”:那些各种鲜花也显现为如雨般降下,意思是正被天众和梵天众撒落。“弯曲”:就是退缩。“二者今日”:就是那大海和十千世界今日也如此。“齐声鸣响”:就是大声喧唱。“在地狱中”:在诸地狱里。“十千”:就是无数十千。“熄灭”:就是止息、归于寂静。“诸星”:就是诸星宿。“那些今日也显现”:因为太阳变得极为清净,那些星宿今日在白天也能看见。巴利
Vicittapupphāti vicitrāni nānāgandhavaṇṇāni pupphāni. Abhivassantīti abhivassiṃsu, nipatiṃsūti attho. Tepīti tānipi vicitrapupphāni abhivassantāni padissanti, devabrahmagaṇehi okiriyamānānīti adhippāyo. Ābhujatīti osakkati. Tepajjubhoti tepi ajja ubho mahāsamuddadasasahassiyo. Abhiravantīti abhinadanti. Nirayeti nirayesu. Dasasahassāti anekadasasahassā. Nibbantīti sammanti, santiṃ upentīti attho. Tārakāti nakkhattāni . Tepi ajja padissantīti tepi sūriyassa vimalabhāvā tārakā ajja divā dissanti.
“Anovaṭṭhena”的意思是“在没有下雨的时候”,这里具格当作处格用。或者“anovaṭṭha”就是“即使没有雨淋”。“Nā”只是一个虚词,就像“sutvā na dūtavacanaṃ”这类句子里的用法一样。“Tampajjubbhijjati”是说那水今天涌出来,涌出之后就升起来。“Mahiyā”是从大地,用的是从格。“Tārāgaṇā”就是行星、星宿等一切星群。“Nakkhattā”就是星宿和星星。“Gaganamaṇḍale”指星群在整个天穹闪耀。“Bilāsayā”指穴居的众生,如蛇、獴、鳄鱼、蜥蜴等。“Darīsayā”指住在岩缝中的众生。这也是同样的读法。“Nikkhamantīti nikkhamiṃsu.”“Sakāsayāti attano attano āsayato.”“Tadāsayā”tipi pāṭho. Tassa tadā tasmiṃ kāle, āsayato, bilatoti attho.“Chuddhā”是极清净、善巧地放出,已出现之意。巴利
Anovaṭṭhenāti anovaṭṭhe, bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ. Atha vā anovaṭṭheti anabhivaṭṭhepi. Nāti nipātamattaṃ ‘‘sutvā na dūtavacana’’ntiādīsu viya. Tampajjubbhijjateti tampi udakaṃ ajja ubbhijjati, ubbhijjitvā uṭṭhahatīti attho. Mahiyāti pathaviyā, nissakkavacanaṃ. Tārāgaṇāti gahanakkhattādayo sabbe tāragaṇā. Nakkhattāti nakkhattatārakā ca. Gaganamaṇḍaleti sakalagaganamaṇḍalaṃ virocantīti attho. Bilāsayāti bilāsayā ahinakulakumbhīlagodhādayo. Darīsayāti jharāsayā. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Nikkhamantīti nikkhamiṃsu. Sakāsayāti attano attano āsayato. ‘‘Tadāsayā’’tipi pāṭho. Tassa tadā tasmiṃ kāle, āsayato, bilatoti attho. Chuddhāti suchuddhā suvuddhāritā, nikkhantāti attho.
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