49. 粪扫衣品
49. Paṃsukūlavaggo
1-10. 粪扫衣想长老譬喻等的注释
1-10. Paṃsukūlasaññakattheraapadānādivaṇṇanā
在第四十九品中,第一个譬喻容易理解。
Ekūnapaññāsamavagge paṭhamāpadānaṃ suviññeyyameva.
14“无因而生的佛陀”:指不由任何因缘而生,是自生的;没有天、梵天、魔罗等作为教导者,唯依自生智而生起、出现、显现。这就是它的含义。
14. Dutiyāpadāne adhiccuppattikā buddhāti adhiccena akāraṇena uppattikā sayambhūtā, aññehi devabrahmamārādīhi upadesadāyakehi rahitā sayambhūñāṇena uppannā jātā pātubhūtāti attho.
16「如优昙跋罗花」:优昙跋罗树的花极为稀有,如难现之物。「如月中的兔子」:月轮中的兔影之相,极为稀有。「如乌鸦的奶」:乌鸦恒时日夜为小虫所逼,故其奶极为稀有。如是,世间导师亦极为稀有,因或于四阿僧祇劫、或于八阿僧祇劫、或于十六阿僧祇劫、或于十万劫中,圆满诸波罗蜜而成佛,故世间导师极为稀有。此即其义。
16.Odumbarikapupphaṃ vāti udumbararukkhe pupphaṃ dullabhaṃ dullabhuppattikaṃ iva. Candamhi sasakaṃ yathāti candamaṇḍale sasalekhāya rūpaṃ dullabhaṃ yathā. Vāyasānaṃ yathā khīranti kākānaṃ niccaṃ rattindivaṃ khuddāpīḷitabhāvena khīraṃ dullabhaṃ yathā, evaṃ dullabhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ caturāsaṅkhyeyyaṃ vā aṭṭhāsaṅkhyeyyaṃ vā soḷasāsaṅkhyeyyaṃ vā kappasatasahassaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā buddhabhāvato dullabho lokanāyakoti attho.
30「蜜从莲蕊流出」:蜜从莲花蜜与莲花须中流出、滴落。「乳与酥从莲根流出」:乳与酥味,从莲根中流出、滴落。因此,愿佛陀接受我的这两者。此即其义。
30. Tatiyāpadāne madhuṃ bhisehi savatīti pokkharamadhupadumakesarehi savati paggharati. Khīraṃ sappiṃ muḷālibhīti khīrañca sappirasañca padumamuḷālehi savati paggharati. Tasmā tadubhayaṃ mama santakaṃ buddho paṭiggaṇhatūti attho.
第四、第五、第六个譬喻,其义浅白易了。
Catutthapañcamachaṭṭhāpadānāni uttānāneva.
119第七个譬喻:“四十颗牙齿也是如此”:因为经过两次出生,故称为“再生”。少年时长出的牙齿脱落后,再次长出的牙齿即是“再生”的,这些便是牙齿。至于授记之事,在下文的因缘叙述中已作说明。
119. Sattamāpadāne cattālīsadijāpi cāti dvikkhattuṃ jātāti dijā. Kumāravaye uṭṭhitadantānaṃ patitattā puna uṭṭhitadantā dijā, te ca dantā. Byākaraṇañca heṭṭhā nidānakathāyaṃ vuttameva.
第八个譬喻,意义浅明。
Aṭṭhamāpadānaṃ uttānamevāti.
171第九个譬喻:“那时,我是一名青年”:当善慧智者于燃灯佛世尊座前得受授记时,我正是名为云童的婆罗门青年。我与善慧苦行者一同出家,成为苦行者,修习学处。后来因与某恶友交往,受到杂染过失的影响,堕入恶寻思等不善境界。由杀母的业力,在地狱中遭受火网等诸多痛苦。死后从那里转生大海,成为一条吞舟大鱼,企图吞噬海中航行的大船。商人们见到我后,惊恐地高呼:“啊,乔达摩世尊!”那时,大鱼因过去世的习气,生起了对佛陀的恭敬心。死后,便投生到舍卫城一个极为富有的婆罗门家庭。长大后具足净信,听闻导师说法后出家,证得具足无碍解的阿拉汉果。他每日三次前往侍奉佛陀,忆念往昔因缘,恭敬礼拜。那时,世尊便对我说:“你长久以来一直欣乐正法。”
171. Navamāpadāne tadāhaṃ māṇavo āsinti yadā sumedhapaṇḍito dīpaṅkarabhagavato santikā byākaraṇaṃ labhi, tadā ahaṃ megho nāma brāhmaṇamāṇavo hutvā sumedhatāpasena saha isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā sikkhāpadesu sikkhito kenaci pāpasahāyena saṃsaṭṭho saṃsaggadosena pāpavitakkādivasaṃ gato mātughātakammavasena narake aggijālādidukkhamanubhavitvā tato cuto samudde timiṅgalamahāmaccho hutvā nibbatto, samuddamajjhe gacchantaṃ mahānāvaṃ gilitukāmo gato. Disvā maṃ vāṇijā bhītā ‘‘aho gotamo bhagavā’’ti saddamakaṃsu. Atha mahāmaccho pubbavāsanāvasena buddhagāravaṃ uppādetvā tato cuto sāvatthiyaṃ vibhavasampanne brāhmaṇakule nibbatto saddho pasanno satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā divasassa tikkhattuṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā saramāno vandati. Tadā bhagavā ‘‘ciraṃ dhammarucī’’ti maṃ āha.
184那时,那位长老便以“长久……百福相”等偈颂来赞叹偈颂说道:“尊者!具足百福相的乔达摩!”
“次第清净之缘”的意思是:过去在燃灯佛足下,虽然已经圆满了波罗蜜的资粮,却历经极漫长的时间,我都未能见到。这便是它的意思。
“我今日善见”的意思是:在今天,在此刻,我得以善见——也就是美好地看见,或美好的所见,即见到了身相无与伦比、不可譬喻的乔达摩。我现在是唯一地、确实地看见了——这便是它的意思。
184. Atha so thero ‘‘suciraṃ satapuññalakkhaṇa’’ntiādīhi gāthāhi thomesi. Bhante, satapuññalakkhaṇadhara gotama. Patipubbena visuddhapaccayanti pubbe dīpaṅkarapādamūle paripuṇṇapāramīpaccayasambhāro suṭṭhu ciraṃ kālaṃ mayā na diṭṭho asīti attho. Ahamajjasupekkhananti ajja imasmiṃ divase ahaṃ supekkhanaṃ sundaradassanaṃ, sundaradiṭṭhaṃ vā nirupamaṃ viggahaṃ upamārahitasarīraṃ gotamaṃ vata ekantena passāmi dakkhāmīti attho.
185-186“长久以来被我善摧破黑暗”的意思是:特别摧破了黑暗、亦即摧毁了愚痴的你,也被我这样长久地赞叹——这便是它的意思。
“善护而令河流干涸”的意思是:这条渴爱之河,通过善护与防护,已被彻底地干涸了,你使它再也不能生起——这便是它的意思。
“长久以来清净无垢”的意思是:经过极为长久的时间,无垢的涅槃已被很好地清净了,也就是被你很好地完成与证得了——这便是它的意思。
“牟尼之智眼”的意思是:“大牟尼!大沙门!那由智慧所成的眼,也就是天眼,你已长时间证得、获得了”——这便是它的意思。
“我未曾灭没于中间”的意思是:我于中有之间,未曾灭亡、未曾退失——这便是它的意思。
“今日与你再相聚……”。
185-186.Suciraṃ vihatatamo mayāti visesena hatatamo viddhaṃsitamoho tvaṃ mayāpi suṭṭhu ciraṃ thomitoti attho. Sucirakkhena nadī visositāti esā taṇhānadī sundararakkhena gopanena visesena sositā, abhabbuppattikatā tayāti attho. Suciraṃ amalaṃ visodhitanti suṭṭhu ciraṃ dīghena addhunā amalaṃ nibbānaṃ visesena sodhitaṃ, suṭṭhu kataṃ adhigataṃ tayāti attho. Nayanaṃ ñāṇamayaṃ mahāmune. Cirakālasamaṅgitoti mahāmune mahāsamaṇa ñāṇamayaṃ nayanaṃ dibbacakkhuṃ cirakālaṃ samadhigato sampatto tvanti attho. Avinaṭṭho punarantaranti ahaṃ puna antaraṃ antarābhave majjhe parinaṭṭho parihīno ahosinti attho. Punarajjasamāgato tayāti ajja imasmiṃ kāle tayā saddhiṃ punapi samāgato ekībhūto saha vasāmīti attho. Na hi nassanti katāni gotamāti gotama sabbaññubuddha, tayā saddhiṃ katāni samāgamādīni na hi nassanti yāva khandhaparinibbānā na vinā bhavissantīti attho. Sesaṃ uttānamevāti.
第十个譬喻容易理解,故不再赘述。
Dasamāpadānaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.