第四十 毕陵达瓦洽品
40. Pilindavacchavaggo
一、毕陵达瓦洽长老譬喻注
1. Pilindavacchattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第四十品中，以“在汉萨瓦蒂城”等开篇者，是具寿毕陵达瓦洽长老的譬喻。他同样在过去诸佛所勤修善行，于生生世世间累积导向解脱的福德。在莲花上佛世尊的时代，他出生于汉萨瓦蒂城的守门人家，成为一位巨富、具大受用之人。他望着积聚如山的亿兆财富，独自思量：“我应当妥当地带着这些财富离去。”继而心想：“我应将这笔财富，化作以佛陀为首的比丘僧团所需的一切资具，以为供养。”如此决意后，便以十万伞盖为首，乃至所有受用资具，悉按十万之数备办，然后邀请莲花上佛世尊，向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团行了大供养。如此连续七日行施，于最后一日发愿证得涅槃，尽其一生造作福德。命终后，往生天界，享尽欲界六天的天乐成就；其后在人间，亦享受转轮王等种种成就。直到我们的佛陀出世时，他转生婆罗门家，通达一切技艺，因其家族姓氏，人称毕陵达瓦洽。
Cattālīsamavagge apadāne nagare haṃsavatiyātiādikaṃ āyasmato pilindavacchattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare dovārikakule nibbatto mahaddhano mahābhogo ahosi. So koṭisannicitadhanarāsiṃ oloketvā raho nisinno ‘‘imaṃ sabbadhanaṃ mayā sammā gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sabbaparikkhāradānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā chattasatasahassaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbaparibhogaparikkhārānipi satasahassavasena kāretvā padumuttaraṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Evaṃ sattāhaṃ dānaṃ datvā pariyosānadivase nibbānādhigamaṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā jīvitapariyosāne devaloke nibbatto cha kāmāvacare dibbasampattiyo anubhavitvā manussesu ca cakkavattiādisampattiyo anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde brāhmaṇakule nibbatto sabbasippesu nipphattiṃ patto gottavasena pilindavacchoti pākaṭo ahosi.
1一、一日，他于世尊座前闻法，生信出家，不久即证阿拉汉。他忆起往昔所造业行，心生欢喜，便以感兴语宣说，道出“在汉萨瓦蒂城……”等句。其义已于前文解释。“我曾是守门人”，意谓于汉萨瓦蒂城，我在王宫门前担任守门之人。“不动、无量的财富”，意指因受国王信任，我拥有了他人无法动摇、不可量度的无量财宝；此言彼无量之宝，曾充盈满积于我家宅之中。
1. So ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā nacirasseva arahā hutvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto udānavasena taṃ pakāsento nagare haṃsavatiyātiādimāha. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttova. Āsiṃ dovāriko ahanti ahaṃ haṃsavatīnagare rañño gehadvāre dvārapālako āsiṃ ahosinti attho. Akkhobhaṃ amitaṃ bhoganti rañño vallabhattā aññehi khobhetuṃ cāletuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ amitaṃ aparimāṇabhogaṃ dhanaṃ mama ghare sannicitaṃ rāsīkataṃ ahosīti attho.
3三、“我获得众多财富”，意即我得到、获得、取得了大量的财富。关于车乘、住所等资具的各项名称，依循法理即可明了；而布施这些资具的功德利益，亦不难理解。
3.Bahū medhigatā bhogāti anekā bhogā me mayā adhigatā pattā paṭiladdhāti attho . Satthavāsiādīnaṃ parikkhārānaṃ nāmāni nayānuyogena suviññeyyāni. Parikkhāradānānisaṃsāni ca suviññeyyānevāti.
第二、第三、第四、第五个譬喻，文义浅显，故不赘释。
Dutiyatatiyacatutthapañcamāpadānāni uttānānevāti.
六、跋库拉长老譬喻注
6. Bākulattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第六个譬喻以“雪山附近”等开篇，是拔古喇长老的譬喻。据说这位长老在过去，于距今十万劫又加一不可计数劫的顶端，在无比见佛世尊出世之前，便出生在一个婆罗门家庭。他成年后学习了三部吠陀，却没见到其中的真正精髓，便想：“我要探寻来世的利益。”于是他出家为沙门，住在一座山脚下，证得了五神通和八等至，在那里生活。后来听说佛陀出世，他便前往导师处听法，皈依了三宝。当导师患上风病时，他从山林中采来药草，治好了导师的病，并将此功德回向于无病健康。从那里命终后，他投生到梵天界，在一个不可计数劫里于天人与人间轮转。莲花上佛的时代，他出生在汉舍卫城的一个家庭，长大后听闻导师说法，见到导师将一位比丘安立为“无病第一”的位置，便自己发愿希求那个地位，终生积累善行，唯在善趣中流转。在毗婆尸佛世尊出世之前，他又出生在槃头摩帝城的一个婆罗门家庭，通达各种技艺，却依然未见到精髓，于是再次出家为沙门，获得禅那与神通，住在山脚下。听说佛陀出世，他便前往导师处皈依。当比丘们患上草花病时，他治好了他们，并在那里尽寿安住。
Chaṭṭhāpadāne himavantassāvidūretiādikaṃ bākulattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayaṃ kira thero atīte ito kappasatasahassādhikassa asaṅkhyeyyassa matthake anomadassissa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto ‘‘samparāyikatthaṃ gavesissāmī’’ti isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pabbatapāde viharanto pañcābhiññāaṭṭhasamāpattīnaṃ lābhī hutvā viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhito satthu vātābādhe uppanne araññato bhesajjāni ānetvā taṃ vūpasametvā taṃ puññaṃ ārogyatthāya pariṇāmetvā tato cuto brahmaloke nibbatto ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare ekasmiṃ kule nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ appābādhānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayaṃ taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalakammaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva bandhumatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatto sabbasippesu nipphattiṃ patto tattha sāraṃ apassanto isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā jhānābhiññālābhī hutvā pabbatapāde vasanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya bhikkhūnaṃ tiṇapupphakaroge uppanne taṃ vūpasametvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto brahmaloke nibbattitvā tato ekanavutikappe devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekaṃ jiṇṇaṃ vinassamānaṃ mahāvihāraṃ disvā tattha uposathāgārādikaṃ sabbaṃ āvasathaṃ kārāpetvā tattha bhikkhusaṅghassa sabbaṃ bhesajjaṃ paṭiyādetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva kosambiyaṃ seṭṭhikule nibbatti.
他从母胎出生后，保姆们为了让他健康无病，在耶牟那河中给他沐浴。这时他从她们手中滑脱，被一条鱼吞入腹中。渔夫们用网捕到那条鱼，卖给了波罗奈一位富商的妻子。她剖开鱼时，由于过去所造福业的果报，见到一个健康的男孩，心想：“我得到儿子了。”便将他收养下来。亲生父母听到消息后赶来，争辩道：“这是我们的儿子，把孩子还给我们！”国王作出裁决：“应属两家共有。”于是判定他为两家共同的继承人，他也由此得名“拔古喇”。长大后，他享受巨大的财富，在两家富商家中各住六个月。轮到哪一家迎接时，那家就把多艘船连在一起，在上面建起宝石殿堂，奏起五种乐器，请王子坐于其中，来到两城之间的恒河中央；另一家富商的人也同样准备妥当，到那里将王子迎到自己的船上返回。他就这样渐渐长大，直到八十岁，以“两家富商之子”为人所知。后来他前往世尊处听法，生起信心，便出家了。他精进修行了七日，在第八天便证得了具足无碍解的阿拉汉果。
So mātukucchito nikkhamitvā dhātīhi arogabhāvāya yamunāyaṃ nhāpiyamāno tāsaṃ hatthato muccitvā macchena gilito ahosi. Kevaṭṭā taṃ macchaṃ jālāya gahetvā bārāṇasiyaṃ seṭṭhibhariyāya vikkiṇiṃsu. Sā taṃ gahetvā phālayamānā pubbe katapuññaphalena arogaṃ dārakaṃ disvā ‘‘putto me laddho’’ti gahetvā posesi. So janakehi mātāpitūhi taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā āgantvā ‘‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ putto, detha no putta’’nti anuyoge kate raññā ‘‘ubhayesampi sādhāraṇo hotū’’ti dvinnaṃ kulānaṃ dāyādabhāvena vinicchayaṃ katvā ṭhapitattā bākuloti laddhanāmo vayappatto mahāsampattiṃ anubhavanto dvīsu seṭṭhikulesu ekekasmiṃ chamāsaṃ chamāsaṃ vasati. Te attano vāre sampatte nāvāsaṅghāṭaṃ bandhitvā tatrūpari ratanamaṇḍapaṃ kāretvā pañcaṅgikatūriye nipphādetvā kumāraṃ tattha nisīdāpetvā ubhayanagaramajjhaṭṭhānaṃ gaṅgāya āgacchanti, aparaseṭṭhimanussāpi evameva sajjetvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā kumāraṃ tattha āropetvā gacchanti. So evaṃ vaḍḍhamāno āsītiko hutvā ubhayaseṭṭhiputtoti pākaṭo. Satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā sattāhaṃ vāyamanto aṭṭhame divase saha paṭisambhidāya arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
386成为阿拉汉后，他回忆起自己过去所造的业，心生喜悦，为宣说他前生所行的事迹，便说出以“在雪山的不远处”等为首的偈颂。这些偈颂的含义，前文已解说过。《譬喻品》本身的文义也易于了知。证得阿拉汉果后，他安住于解脱的快乐中，享寿一百六十岁，随后般涅槃。
386. So arahā hutvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento himavantassāvidūretiādimāha. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttova. Apadānapāḷiatthopi suviññeyyova. So arahattaṃ patvā vimuttisukhena viharanto saṭṭhivassasatāyuko hutvā parinibbāyīti.
七、《基哩马难达长老本行注》
7. Girimānandattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第七篇本行中，以“我的妻子去世”等开端的，是具寿基哩马难达长老的本行。他也曾在过去诸佛处种下善根，在辗转轮回中，为趋向涅槃而累积种种善业。在善慧佛世尊的时代，他出生在一个良家，长大成人后安顿好家庭生活，居俗过日。后来妻儿先后亡故，他心如被忧箭刺穿，便进入森林，以采食野果为生，住在树下。那时，善慧佛世尊出于悲悯来到他面前，为他说法，拔除了他心中的忧箭。他闻法后心生净信，就用芳香的花朵供养世尊，以头面礼足，合掌于头顶恭敬赞颂。
Sattamāpadāne bhariyā me kālaṅkatātiādikaṃ āyasmato girimānandattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto vayappatto gharāvāsaṃ saṇṭhapetvā vasanto attano bhariyāya ca putte ca kālaṅkate sokasallasamappito araññaṃ pavisitvā pavattaphalabhojano rukkhamūle vihāsi. Tadā sumedho bhagavā tassānukampāya tattha gantvā dhammaṃ desetvā sokasallaṃ abbūḷhesi . So dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso sugandhapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā sirasi añjaliṃ katvā abhitthavi.
他以此福业，在天人之间流转，于两处皆享受安乐。于此佛出世时，他转生为王舍城频婆娑罗王的国师之子，名为“基哩马难达”。他逐渐长大懂事，当世尊来到王舍城时，见到佛陀的威神力，生起净信，便出家修行沙门法。他在某村寺院暂住几日之后，为了礼敬导师而前往王舍城。频婆娑罗王听说他来了，便前往拜见，邀请道：“尊者，就请您住在这里吧，我愿以四种资具供养您。”然而，国王因政务繁忙，后来竟将此事遗忘。长老只好露宿野外。诸天担心长老遭受雨淋，便使天不下雨。国王察觉天不下雨的缘由，明白原委后，便派人给长老建了一间小屋。长老住进小屋，有了适宜的坐卧之处，心得安定，便以平衡的精进修习观禅，最终证得阿拉汉果。
So tena puññena devamanussesu saṃsaranto ubhayattha sukhaṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe bimbisārarañño purohitassa putto hutvā nibbatti, girimānandotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patvā satthu rājagahāgamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto katipayaṃ divasaṃ gāmakāvāse vasitvā satthāraṃ vandituṃ rājagahaṃ agamāsi. Bimbisāramahārājā tassa āgamanaṃ sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idheva, bhante, vasatha, ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahāmī’’ti sampavāretvā gatopi bahukiccattā taṃ na sari. ‘‘Thero abbhokāseyeva vasatī’’ti. Devatā therassa temanabhayena vassadhāraṃ vāresuṃ. Rājā avassanakāraṇaṃ upadhāretvā ñatvā therassa kuṭikaṃ kārāpesi. Thero kuṭikāyaṃ vasanto senāsanasappāyalābhena cittasamādhānaṃ labhitvā vīriyasamataṃ yojetvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
419他证得阿拉汉果后，忆念起自己过去所造的业，心中生起喜悦，于是宣说过去生的行迹，说出了‘我的妻子去世’等开头的偈颂。至于他向世尊的禀告、世尊所作的教导，以及证得道果的经过，依文便易了知。
419. So arahattaṃ patvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā sañjātasomanasso pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento bhariyā me kālaṅkatātiādimāha. Taṃ bhagavato nivedanañca bhagavatā katānusāsanañca maggaṃ phalādhigamāpadānañca pāṭhānusārena suviññeyyamevāti.
第八、第九、第十篇本行，其义明了。
Aṭṭhamanavamadasamāpadānāni uttānatthānevāti.
