第二品:狮子座品显示巴利原文
2. Sīhāsaniyavaggo
狮子座施主长老譬喻释义显示巴利原文
1. Sīhāsanadāyakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“当世间救护者已般涅槃”等句为开篇的,是具寿狮子座施主长老的譬喻。这位长老在过去诸佛座下也曾累积增上善行,于流转诸有之中不断积聚福德。在悉达多世尊的时代,他出生在一个财富圆满、信心具足的家庭。世尊住世时,他住在天界;世尊般涅槃后,他才转生人间。待到能识物记事之时,他见到世尊的舍利塔,心中念道:“唉,我真是无福,未能赶上世尊尚在世时。”于是,他对塔庙生起净信,满怀欢喜,让人用一切宝物制作了一座犹如天神所化的法座——狮子座,如同还供养着在世佛陀一般。他在座位上方建造了天宫般的殿堂,也制作了踏脚的小凳。他便这样穷尽一生,以灯明、熏香、鲜花、花香等种种方式供养,命终之后由此转生天界,于六欲天中依次享受天界的成就,在人间则无数次享受转轮王的成就,也体验过难以计量的地方国王之荣。后来,他在迦叶世尊的教法中出家,修行沙门法。这一期间,他轮转于天、人之间。直到我们这位世尊出世时,他出生于一个财富圆满的家庭,长大后听闻导师说法而心生净信,出家受具足戒。显示巴利原文
Nibbutelokanāthamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato sīhāsanadāyakattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne saddhāsampanne ekasmiṃ kule nibbatto, dharamāne bhagavati devaloke vasitvā nibbute bhagavati uppannattā viññutaṃ patto bhagavato sārīrikacetiyaṃ disvā ‘‘aho me alābhā, bhagavato dharamāne kāle asampatto’’ti cintetvā cetiye cittaṃ pasādetvā somanassajāto sabbaratanamayaṃ devatānimmitasadisaṃ dhammāsane sīhāsanaṃ kāretvā jīvamānakabuddhassa viya pūjesi. Tassupari gehampi dibbavimānamiva kāresi, pādaṭṭhapanapādapīṭhampi kāresi. Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ dīpadhūpapupphagandhādīhi anekavidhaṃ pūjaṃ katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbatto cha kāmasagge aparāparaṃ dibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā manussesu cakkavattisampattiṃ anekakkhattuṃ anubhavitvā saṅkhyātikkantaṃ padesarajjasampattiñca anubhavitvā kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā etthantare devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde ekasmiṃ vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā ghaṭento vāyamanto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
1 如此证得阿拉汉果之后,他忆念起自己往昔所造的业,心生欢悦,为宣说过去所行的譬喻,便说出“当世间救护者已般涅槃”等句。这里,“世间救护者”意指以救护世间为首要者,也就是三界之主。“当世间救护者——悉达多佛已般涅槃”构成一个关联句。“在广布的圣典中”,是指三藏圣教已被广泛宣说、流布、显明之时。“在众人所知的教法中”,是指在以三学所摄的佛陀教法中,被数以百千亿计的漏尽者——也就是众多之人——所共知、所证悟的教法。显示巴利原文
1. Evaṃ pattaarahattaphalo attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassaṃ uppādetvā pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute lokanāthamhītiādimāha. Tattha lokassa nātho padhānoti lokanātho, lokattayasāmīti attho. Lokanāthe siddhatthamhi nibbuteti sambandho. Vitthārite pāvacaneti pāvacane piṭakattaye vitthārite patthaṭe pākaṭeti attho. Bāhujaññamhi sāsaneti sikkhattayasaṅgahite buddhasāsane anekasatasahassakoṭikhīṇāsavasaṅkhātehi bahujanehi ñāte adhigateti attho.
2-3 关于“深心净信、心意欣悦”等句,其义如下:那时,我未能值遇佛陀住世;当彼世尊般涅槃之后,我从天界殁已,转生于人间。见到彼世尊的舍利塔时,我生起了净信之心——此与信相应之心,殊胜妙善,心想:“啊!我今此行,实为善来!”内心充满了净信与恭敬。继而又思惟:“为证得涅槃,我应造作一份功德。”于是,在世尊塔庙近旁,为表追念,我以金银等珍宝进行装饰,造立了一座狮子座。为方便就座者搁足,我又制作了脚凳。为令狮子座免受日晒雨淋,我又于其上建造了屋舍。是故,才有此语:“我造了狮子座……并于其上建造了房屋。”所谓“我以此心之净信”,意思是:我怀着犹如世尊亲临般的恭敬,为他制作了狮子座,凭借这份心的净信。“我往生兜率天”,意即投生于兜率天界。显示巴利原文
2-3.Pasannacitto sumanoti tadā ahaṃ buddhassa dharamānakāle asampatto nibbute tasmiṃ devalokā cavitvā manussalokaṃ upapanno tassa bhagavato sārīrikadhātucetiyaṃ disvā pasannacitto saddhāsampayuttamano sundaramano ‘‘aho mamāgamanaṃ svāgamana’’nti sañjātapasādabahumāno ‘‘mayā nibbānādhigamāya ekaṃ puññaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā bhagavato cetiyasamīpe bhagavantaṃ uddissa hiraññasuvaṇṇaratanādīhi alaṅkaritvāva sīhāsanaṃ akāsi. Tatra nisinnassa pādaṭṭhapanatthāya pādapīṭhañca kāresi. Sīhāsanassa atemanatthāya tassupari gharañca kāresi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sīhāsanamakāsahaṃ…pe… gharaṃ tattha akāsaha’’nti. Tena cittappasādenāti dharamānassa viya bhagavato sīhāsanaṃ mayā kataṃ, tena cittappasādena. Tusitaṃ upapajjahanti tusitabhavane upapajjinti attho.
4 关于“纵广二十四由旬”等句,其义为:我投生彼处、成为天神时,由我所修习的善业福报所感生、所显现的宫殿,其纵高二十四由旬,横宽十四由旬,在它生成的当下便是如此。其余文句,容易了知。显示巴利原文
4.Āyāmena catubbīsāti tatrupapannassa devabhūtassa sato mayhaṃ sukataṃ puññena nibbattitaṃ pātubhūtaṃ āyāmena uccato catubbīsayojanaṃ vitthārena tiriyato catuddasayojanaṃ tāvadeva nibbattikkhaṇeyeva āsi ahosīti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.
9 关于“从九十四劫以来”等句,其义为:从现今这一劫上溯至第九十四劫,那时我所造、所行的业,从那一刻起,便凭借其功德力,使我不曾记得有过任何坠入恶趣的经历,意即从未再有丝毫恶趣的体验。显示巴利原文
9.Catunnavuteito kappeti ito kappato catunavute kappe yaṃ kammaṃ akariṃ akāsiṃ, tadā tato paṭṭhāya puññabalena kañci duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, na anubhūtapubbā kāci duggatīti attho.
10 “从七十三劫以来”等句,是指从此劫往前数,第七十三劫中,有三位名叫因达的转轮王——即同一劫中三次转生为名叫因达的转轮王,这是它的意思。“从七十二劫以来”是指从此劫往前数,第七十二劫中,有三位名叫善意的转轮王,曾三次成为转轮王。显示巴利原文
10.Tesattatimhito kappeti ito kappato tesattatikappe. Indanāmā tayo janāti indanāmakā tayo cakkavattirājāno ekasmiṃ kappe tīsu jātīsu indo nāma cakkavattī rājā ahosinti attho. Dvesattatimhitokappeti ito dvesattatikappe. Sumananāmakā tayo janā tikkhattuṃ cakkavattirājāno ahesuṃ.
11 “从整七十劫以来”等句,是指从此劫算起,刚好整整七十劫中,有三位名叫伐楼那的转轮王,即名为伐楼那的转轮王。他们拥有轮宝,是四大洲的统治者。这就是它的意思。其余文句容易理解。显示巴利原文
11.Samasattatito kappeti ito kappato anūnādhike sattatime kappe varuṇanāmakā varuṇo cakkavattīti evaṃnāmakā tayo cakkavattirājāno cakkaratanasampannā catudīpamhi issarā ahesunti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
2. 一支柱长老譬喻释义显示巴利原文
2. Ekatthambhikattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“悉达多世尊”等开头的部分,是具寿一支柱施长老的譬喻。这位长老过去也曾于诸佛所累积善行,于种种生命形态中不断累积趋向涅槃的善业资粮。当悉达多世尊出世时,他出生于一个富有资财的家庭,职业是林务工作者。那时,所有具足信心、内心清净的近事男们共同商议:“我们为世尊建造一座侍奉厅吧。”他们进入森林寻找木材,见到那位近事男,便恳求道:“请给我们一根柱子。”他听后对他们说:“你们不必担心。”就让众人先回去,自己取来一根心材的柱子,先禀告导师,然后交给了他们。他因此心生欢喜,以此事为缘,又做了布施等其他善行。命终后投生天界,次第在六欲天中享受天界的成就,又在人间多次领受上等转轮王的成就,还在无数生中享受一方君主的成就。直到这尊佛出世时,他生于具足信心的家庭,与父母一同在世尊前闻法,生起信心,出家受具足戒,受取禅修业处后,如理作意,不久便证得阿拉汉。显示巴利原文
Siddhatthassa bhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato ekatthambhadāyakatherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle vanakammiko hutvā ekasmiṃ vibhavasampanne kule nibbatto. Tasmiṃ samaye sabbe saddhā pasannā upāsakā ekacchandā ‘‘bhagavato upaṭṭhānasālaṃ karomā’’ti dabbasambhāratthāya vanaṃ pavisitvā taṃ upāsakaṃ disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ ekaṃ thambhaṃ dethā’’ti yāciṃsu. So taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘tumhe mā cintayitthā’’ti te sabbe uyyojetvā ekaṃ sāramayaṃ thambhaṃ gahetvā satthu dassetvā tesaṃyeva adāsi. So teneva somanassajāto tadeva mūlaṃ katvā aññāni dānādīni puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbatto aparāparaṃ chasu kāmāvacaresu dibbasampattiyo anubhavitvā manussesu ca aggacakkavattisampattiṃ anekavāraṃ anubhavitvā asaṅkhyeyyaṃ padesarajjasampattiñca anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde saddhāsampanne ekasmiṃ kule nibbatto mātāpitūhi saddhiṃ bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā manasikaronto nacirasseva arahā ahosi.
13 他如此证得阿拉汉之后,忆起自己过去的业,心中生起喜悦,为宣说前生所行譬喻,便诵出“悉达多”等偈颂。其中,“悉达多世尊”指具足吉祥的正自觉者。“大近事男众”意为那时曾有一个大近事男团体。“皈依佛”是说那些近事男皈依、亲近或了知佛陀。“信如来”是指他们将佛陀的功德安立于自心相续之中。显示巴利原文
13. So evaṃ pattaarahatto attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento siddhatthassātiādimāha. Tattha siddhatthassa bhagavato bhagyasampannassa sammāsambuddhassa. Mahāpūgagaṇoti mahāupāsakasamūho ahu ahosīti attho. Saraṇaṃ gatā ca te buddhanti ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇa’’nti gatā bhajiṃsu jāniṃsu vā te upāsakā. Tathāgataṃ saddahanti buddhaguṇaṃ attano cittasantāne ṭhapentīti attho.
14 “一切聚集商议”是指所有人会合一处,共同商量,互相告知,达成一致后,便为导师建造殿堂与集会厅。当他们在材料中找不到一根柱子时,便进入大林、广林中仔细寻找。这是此句在文脉上的关联。显示巴利原文
14.Sabbe saṅgamma mantetvāti sabbe samāgamma sannipatitvā mantetvā aññamaññaṃ saññāpetvā ekacchandā hutvā māḷaṃ upaṭṭhānasālaṃ satthuno atthāya kubbanti karontīti attho. Dabbasambhāresu ekatthambhaṃ alabhantā brahāvane mahāvane vicinantīti sambandho.
15 “我于林中见他们”是说,我在林中看见那些近事男,便走近那群人,将十指合拢的合掌举至头顶,然后问那群近事男:“你们为何来到此林?”彼时便是如此询问。这是此句在文脉上的关联。显示巴利原文
15.Tehaṃaraññe disvānāti ahaṃ te upāsake araññe disvāna gaṇaṃ samūhaṃ upagamma samīpaṃ gantvā añjaliṃ paggahetvāna dasaṅgulisamodhānaṃ añjaliṃ sirasi katvā ahaṃ gaṇaṃ upāsakasamūhaṃ ‘‘tumhe imaṃ vanaṃ kimatthaṃ āgatatthā’’ti tadā tasmiṃ kāle paripucchinti sambandho.
16 那些持戒的近事男被我这样询问后,便详细告知:“我们想建造一座殿堂,却找不到一根柱子。”这是此句在文脉上的衔接。显示巴利原文
16.Te sīlavanto upāsakā me mayā puṭṭhā ‘‘māḷaṃ mayaṃ kattukāmā hutvā ekatthambho amhehi na labbhatī’’ti viyākaṃsu visesena kathayiṃsūti sambandho.
17 此句的连接如下:“给我一根柱子,我将它带到导师面前,我亲自去取柱子,诸位尊者不必为此费心费力。”显示巴利原文
17.Mamaṃ mayhaṃ ekatthambhaṃ detha, ahaṃ taṃ dassāmi satthuno santikaṃ ahaṃ thambhaṃ āharissāmi, te bhavanto thambhaharaṇe appossukkā ussāharahitā bhavantūti sambandho.
24 “无论生于何种趣”:谓无论往生天趣或人趣等任何生存趣。或者,此处的业格表示处所,即无论在哪一天界或人界中。其余含义浅显易懂。显示巴利原文
24.Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmīti yaṃ yaṃ yoniṃ devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ upagacchāmīti attho. Bhummatthe vā upayogavacanaṃ, yasmiṃ yasmiṃ devaloke vā manussaloke vāti attho. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
3. 难陀长老譬喻的注释显示巴利原文
3. Nandattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“莲华上佛世尊”等开篇的,是尊者难陀长老的譬喻。他同样在过去诸佛处积累了善行,于每一生中不断积集那导向出离的福德资粮。在莲华上佛的时代,他出生于汉舍瓦提城的一户人家,成年之后,在世尊近前听闻教法。当他见到导师将一位比丘安立为“诸根门守护者”中的第一人时,自己便渴望获得那个位次。于是他举办了盛大的布施,向世尊及比丘僧团广行供养与礼敬,并发愿道:“世尊,愿我于未来某位如您一般的佛陀教法中,也能成为这样一位弟子。”显示巴利原文
Padumuttarassabhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato nandattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare ekasmiṃ kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavato santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayaṃ taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca pūjāsakkārabahulaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, anāgate tumhādisassa buddhassa evarūpo sāvako bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ akāsi.
从那时起,他便在天界与人界中流转。到了见义佛的时代,他投生为法性河里的一只大龟。一天,他见到导师正站在岸边准备渡河,便想亲自帮助世尊渡过,于是趴卧在世尊脚下。导师了知他的心意,便踏上了他的背。大龟满怀欢喜,奋力破开流水,以更快的速度将导师送到了对岸。世尊向他宣说随喜之语,并为他授记未来的成就,随后便离去了。显示巴利原文
So tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesu saṃsaranto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle dhammatāya nāma nadiyā mahanto kacchapo hutvā nibbatto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nadiṃ tarituṃ tīre ṭhitaṃ disvā sayaṃ bhagavantaṃ tāretukāmo satthu pādamūle nipajji. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. So haṭṭhatuṭṭho vegena sotaṃ chindanto sīghataraṃ paratīraṃ pāpesi. Bhagavā tassa anumodanaṃ vadanto bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ kathetvā pakkāmi.
他凭借那个善业,一直在善趣中流转。到了此佛出世的时代,他投生于迦毗罗卫净饭大王的王后——大爱道·乔达弥的腹中。在他命名的那一天,亲族因他的出生而欢喜,便为他取名“难陀”。当他成年之时,世尊已经转起无上法轮,为饶益世间而次第游行至迦毗罗卫。在亲族集会中,世尊以“花雨降下”为缘起,讲述了《韦桑答拉本生》。次日,世尊入城乞食,以“奋起勿放逸”这首偈颂令其父亲安立于入流果;随后回到住处,又以“应行于法,行于善行”的偈颂令大爱道安立于入流果,令净饭王安立于一来果。第三天,正当难陀王子的灌顶、入婚房及婚礼等庆典进行时,世尊再次入城乞食。导师将钵递到难陀王子手中,说祝福语后,并未从他手中取回钵,便径直返回寺院。难陀王子只得手持钵盂,心不甘情不愿地跟到寺院,世尊便为他剃度出家。世尊知道他并非出于自愿出家,正被不乐的情绪所折磨,便以善巧方便断除了他的不乐。于是,他依如理作意着手修习观行,不久便证得阿拉汉果。长老后来有一天来到世尊面前,这样说道:“尊者啊……”显示巴利原文
So tena puññakammena sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ suddhodanamahārājassa aggamahesiyā mahāpajāpatigotamiyā kucchimhi nibbatto, tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ñātisaṅghaṃ nandayanto jātoti ‘‘nando’’tveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Tassa vayappattakāle bhagavā pavattitavaradhammacakko lokānuggahaṃ karonto anukkamena kapilavatthuṃ gantvā ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā vessantarajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1655 ādayo) kathetvā dutiyadivase piṇḍāya paviṭṭho ‘‘uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyyā’’ti (dha. pa. 168) gāthāya pitaraṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā nivesanaṃ gantvā ‘‘dhammañcare sucarita’’nti (dha. pa. 169) gāthāya mahāpajāpatiṃ sotāpattiphale rājānaṃ sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā tatiyadivase nandakumārassa abhisekagehapavesanaāvāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu piṇḍāya pāvisi. Satthā nandakumārassa hatthe pattaṃ datvā maṅgalaṃ vatvā tassa hatthato pattaṃ aggahetvāva vihāraṃ gato , taṃ pattahatthaṃ vihāraṃ āgataṃ anicchamānaṃyeva pabbājetvā tathāpabbājitattāyeva anabhiratiyā pīḷitaṃ ñatvā upāyena tassa taṃ anabhiratiṃ vinodesi. So yoniso paṭisaṅkhāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Thero puna divase bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘yaṃ me, bhante, bhagavā pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādānaṃ, muñcāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ etasmā paṭissavā’’ti. Bhagavāpi ‘‘yadeva te, nanda, anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, tadāhaṃ mutto etasmā paṭissavā’’ti āha. Athassa bhagavā savisesaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ ñatvā taṃ guṇaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ yadidaṃ nando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 230) indriyesu guttadvārabhāvena naṃ etadagge ṭhapesi. Thero hi ‘‘indriyāsaṃvaraṃ nissāya imaṃ vippakāraṃ patto, tamahaṃ suṭṭhu niggaṇhissāmī’’ti ussāhajāto balavahirottappo tattha ca katādhikārattā indriyasaṃvare ukkaṃsapāramiṃ agamāsi.
27 他如此证得最上之位后,忆念起自己往昔所造之业,心生欢喜。当他开示过去生所行的本生故事时,便说出“莲华上佛世尊”等语。偈颂中“以出产自麻国之衣,我作供养”一句,意思是:我出于对世尊的净信、恭敬与尊重,供养了极为细软的麻衣。“自生者”者,即不依他人而自觉出生,依圣者之生而生。“大仙”者,即寻求宏大的戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、慧解脱、解脱智见蕴,故称为大仙。连缀其义则为:我以衣为供养,向彼大仙、彼自生者供献麻衣。显示巴利原文
27. Evaṃ so etadaggaṭṭhānaṃ patvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassappatto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Vatthaṃ khomaṃ mayā dinnanti khomaraṭṭhe jātaṃ vatthaṃ bhagavati cittappasādena gāravabahumānena mayā paramasukhumaṃ khomavatthaṃ dinnanti attho. Sayambhussāti sayameva bhūtassa jātassa ariyāya jātiyā nibbattassa. Mahesinoti mahante sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhe esi gavesīti mahesi, tassa mahesino sayambhussa cīvaratthāya khomavatthaṃ mayā dinnanti sambandho.
28 “Taṃ me buddho viyākāsī”一句中,“me”(我)是表示“于我”的受格形式。意思是:佛陀为这位施衣者的我,特别开示了布施之果报。“Jalajuttamanāmako”者,意即名为“莲花上佛”。亦有异读作“Jalaruttamanāyako”——其义为:对于辉耀的诸天与梵天,他乃最上之导者,即最殊胜的导者。“Iminā vatthadānenā”意为:由此施衣之殊胜果报,于未来你将获得金色、如黄金般的肤色。显示巴利原文
28.Taṃ me buddho viyākāsīti ettha tanti sāmyatthe upayogavacanaṃ, tassa vatthadāyakassa me dānaphalaṃ visesena akāsi kathesi buddhoti attho. Jalajuttamanāmakoti padumuttaranāmako. ‘‘Jalaruttamanāyako’’tipi pāṭho, tassa jalamānānaṃ devabrahmānaṃ uttamanāyako padhānoti attho. Iminā vatthadānenāti iminā vatthadānassa nissandena tvaṃ anāgate hemavaṇṇo suvaṇṇavaṇṇo bhavissasi.
29 “Dvesampattiṃ anubhotvā”者,即经历天界与人界这两种成就已。“Kusalamūlehi codito”者,即由善根——善之组成部分、善之聚份——所推动、驱使,犹如被差遣:“由此功德,你将为导师延续宗族!”那位佛陀便授记说:“你将成为乔达摩世尊之弟。”此为句间衔接。显示巴利原文
29.Dvesampattiṃ anubhotvāti dibbamanussasaṅkhātā dve sampattiyo anubhavitvā. Kusalamūlehi coditoti kusalāvayavehi kusalakoṭṭhāsehi codito pesito, ‘‘tvaṃ iminā puññena satthu kulaṃ pasavāhī’’ti pesito viyāti attho. ‘‘Gotamassa bhagavato kaniṭṭho tvaṃ bhavissasī’’ti byākāsīti sambandho.
30 “Rāgaratto sukhasīloti”意为:被烦恼欲所染著,即贪染于烦恼欲,其本性耽著于身体的快乐与内心的快乐。“Kāmesu gedhamāyuto”意为:于诸欲——即种种事物上的欲——与称为贪著的渴爱紧密结合。“Buddhena codito santo, tadā tvanti”:由于你当时沉溺于诸欲,因此在彼时,你被自己的兄长乔达摩佛陀所策励,遣你出家。这是文句的衔接。显示巴利原文
30.Rāgaratto sukhasīloti kilesakāmehi ratto allīno kāyasukhacittasukhānubhavanasabhāvo. Kāmesu gedhamāyutoti vatthukāmesu gedhasaṅkhātāya taṇhāya āyuto yojitoti attho. Buddhena codito santo, tadā tvanti yasmā kāmesu gedhito, tadā tasmā tvaṃ attano bhātukena gotamabuddhena codito pabbajjāya uyyojito tassa santike pabbajissasīti sambandho.
31 “Pabbajitvāna tvaṃ tatthāti”的意思是:你在那里——在乔达摩世尊的教法中——出家之后,以善根、以作为根本的福德资粮所推动,投入到修行中,随后以遍知完全了知、断尽了一切漏,成为无病、无苦者;你将寂灭,也就是达到不再显现的状态,进入不可施设的本性。这是它的含义。显示巴利原文
31.Pabbajitvāna tvaṃ tatthāti tasmiṃ gotamassa bhagavato sāsane tvaṃ pabbajitvā kusalamūlena mūlabhūtena puññasambhārena codito bhāvanāyaṃ niyojito sabbāsave sakalāsave pariññāya jānitvā pajahitvā anāmayo niddukkho nibbāyissasi adassanaṃ pāpessasi, apaṇṇattikabhāvaṃ gamissasīti attho.
32 “Satakappasahassamhīti”意思是:在此劫之前的十万劫,即从此劫向前,在过百劫又千劫的那一劫中,曾有四位名叫支拉的转轮王。“Saṭṭhi kappasahassānīti”意思是:六万劫,即再越过六十个千劫,在其下的一劫中,曾有四位名叫乌巴支拉的转轮王,于四种生类中出现。显示巴利原文
32.Satakappasahassamhīti ito kappato pubbe satakappādhike sahassame kappamhi ceḷanāmakā cattāro cakkavattirājāno ahesunti attho. Saṭṭhi kappasahassānīti kappasahassāni saṭṭhi ca atikkamitvā heṭṭhā ekasmiṃ kappe cattāro janā upaceḷā nāma cakkavattirājāno catūsu jātīsu ahesunti attho.
33 “Pañcakappasahassamhī”的意思是:在五千劫之外的千劫中,曾有四位名为支拉的转轮王,他们具足七宝,统御着四大洲——即赡部洲、西牛货洲、北俱卢洲、东胜身洲,各自独立为王,最为殊胜。其余的解释如前所述。显示巴利原文
33.Pañcakappasahassamhīti pañcakappādhike sahassame kappamhi ceḷā nāma cattāro janā cakkavattirājāno sattahi ratanehi sampannā samaṅgībhūtā jambudīpaaparagoyānauttarakurupubbavidehadīpasaṅkhāte catudīpamhi issarā padhānā visuṃ ahesunti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
四、周利槃陀伽长老譬喻注疏显示巴利原文
4. Cūḷapanthakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
“名为莲花上佛的胜者……”等,是尊者周利槃陀伽的譬喻。他同样在过去诸佛前积累了广大善行,在生生世世中累积着趋向解脱的福德资粮。在莲花上世尊的时代,此处依据事缘所应讲述的故事,已在《八集》的《大路比丘事》(《长老偈》510等)中说过。不过,这里有一特别之处:大路长老证得阿拉汉果后,安住于果定之乐,心想:“要怎样才能让周利槃陀伽也安立于此乐呢?”于是他去拜访自己的外祖父——财主达难,说道:“大财主,如果您允许,我想让周利槃陀伽出家。”“让他出家吧,尊者。”长老便让他出家。他安住于十戒,在兄长跟前——显示巴利原文
Padumuttaronāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato cūḷapanthakattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle yadettha aṭṭhuppattivasena vattabbaṃ, taṃ aṭṭhakanipāte mahāpanthakavatthusmiṃ (theragā. 510 ādayo) vuttameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso – mahāpanthakatthero arahattaṃ patvā phalasamāpattisukhena vītināmento cintesi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho sakkā cūḷapanthakampi imasmiṃ sukhe patiṭṭhāpetu’’nti. So attano ayyakaṃ dhanaseṭṭhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘sace, mahāseṭṭhi , anujānātha, ahaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ pabbājeyya’’nti. ‘‘Pabbājetha, bhante’’ti. Thero taṃ pabbājesi. So dasasu sīlesu patiṭṭhito bhātu santike –
犹如红睡莲,芬芳而香洁,晨朝盛开时,其香不散失;
请看那辉煌者,在空中如太阳般炽燃照耀。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ; Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.123; a. ni. 5.195) –
他学习这首偈颂,花了四个月都无法记下,即使记下了,心中也留不住。于是,大路长老便对他说:“周利槃陀伽,你在佛陀的教法中不堪造就,四个月连一首偈颂都记不住,又如何能让出家本分达到圆满呢?离开这里吧!”他被长老驱摈后,站在门房附近哭泣。显示巴利原文
Gāthaṃ uggaṇhanto catūhi māsehi uggahetuṃ nāsakkhi, gahitampi hadaye na tiṭṭhati. Atha naṃ mahāpanthako, ‘‘cūḷapanthaka, tvaṃ imasmiṃ sāsane abhabbo, catūhi māsehi ekaṃ gāthampi gahetuṃ na sakkosi, pabbajitakiccaṃ pana tvaṃ kathaṃ matthakaṃ pāpessasi, nikkhama ito’’ti so therena paṇāmiko dvārakoṭṭhakasamīpe rodamāno aṭṭhāsi.
那时,世尊正住在耆婆的芒果园。耆婆便派了一个人出去,吩咐道:“去,邀请世尊与五百比丘僧团前来应供。”而当时,尊者大路正担任膳食分配者。当他被告知“请接受为五百比丘提供饮食”时,他说:“除了周利槃陀伽之外,我为其余尊者接受邀请。”周利槃陀伽听了这话,心中更增忧悲。世尊知道他的心意消沉,便思惟:“周利槃陀伽会通过我施设的方便法门而觉悟的。”于是,便在离他不远的地方现身,问道:“槃陀伽,你为什么哭呢?”他回答:“尊者,兄长把我赶走了。”“槃陀伽,不要忧愁。在我的教法中,你的出家有其功效。来,拿着这个,在心中作意‘除尘、除尘’。”说着,世尊便以神通变化出一块干净的碎布,交给了他。他拿着世尊给的碎布,一边用手擦拭,一边念着“除尘、除尘”,坐着修行。当他擦拭时,那块布变得污浊了;再擦拭,就变得如同擦锅底的布一般。由于他的智慧已经成熟,他便如此思惟:“这块碎布,本性是极其清净的;只是因为它攀附、执取了这身体,才变得污秽不净,成了另一个样子。因此,正如这块布一般,它是无常的;心也是如此。”他便安住于坏灭观,在那同一个……显示巴利原文
Tena ca samayena satthā jīvakambavane viharati. Atha jīvako purisaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ satthāraṃ nimantehī’’ti. Tena ca samayena āyasmā mahāpanthako bhattuddesako hoti. So ‘‘pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ bhikkhaṃ paṭicchathā’’ti vutto ‘‘cūḷapanthakaṃ ṭhapetvā sesānaṃ paṭicchāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā cūḷapanthako bhiyyosomattāya domanassappatto ahosi. Satthā tassa cittakkhedaṃ ñatvā ‘‘cūḷapanthako mayā katena upāyena bujjhissatī’’ti tassa avidūraṭṭhāne attānaṃ dassetvā ‘‘kiṃ, panthaka, rodasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Bhātā maṃ, bhante, paṇāmetī’’ti āha. ‘‘Panthaka, mā cintayi, mama sāsane tuyhaṃ pabbajjā, ehi imaṃ gahetvā ‘rajoharaṇaṃ, rajoharaṇa’nti manasi karohī’’ti iddhiyā suddhaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā adāsi. So satthārā dinnaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ ‘‘rajoharaṇaṃ, rajoharaṇa’’nti hatthena parimajjanto nisīdi. Tassa taṃ parimajjantassa kiliṭṭhadhātukaṃ jātaṃ, puna parimajjantassa ukkhaliparipuñchanasadisaṃ jātaṃ. So ñāṇaparipākattā evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘idaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ pakatiyā parisuddhaṃ, imaṃ upādiṇṇakasarīraṃ nissāya kiliṭṭhaṃ aññathā jātaṃ, tasmā aniccaṃ yathāpetaṃ, evaṃ cittampī’’ti khayavayaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tasmiṃyeva nimitte jhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahattapattassevassa tepiṭakaṃ pañcābhiññā ca āgamiṃsu.
世尊带着四百九十九位比丘一同前去,在耆婆住所敷设的座位上坐下。而周利槃陀伽因为自己的供养未被接受,便没有随行。耆婆正要供养粥时,世尊用手盖住了自己的钵。耆婆问:“尊者,为何不接受呢?”世尊说:“耆婆,寺院里还有一位比丘。”耆婆便派了一人,说:“去,到寺院里,把坐在那儿的那位尊者请来。”那时,周利槃陀伽长老变化出一千位比丘,身形威仪各个不同,坐在那里。那人到了寺院,见比丘众多,便回去告诉耆婆:“寺院里的比丘僧团要多得多,我不知道该请哪一位尊者。”耆婆问世尊:“尊者,坐在寺院里的那位比丘叫什么名字?”“叫周利槃陀伽,耆婆。”“去,你问:‘哪一位是周利槃陀伽?’然后把那位尊者请来。”那人去了寺院,问道:“哪位是周利槃陀伽尊者?”一千位比丘同声答道:“我是周利槃陀伽!我是周利槃陀伽!”那人又回来,把情况禀告了耆婆。耆婆因为已通达真理,思惟道:“这位尊者想必有大神通”,便凭直觉推断说:“去,只要对第一个开口说话的那位尊者说‘世尊唤您’,然后抓住他的衣角。”那人便去了。显示巴利原文
Satthā ekūnehi pañcabhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ gantvā jīvakassa nivesane paññatte āsane nisīdi. Cūḷapanthako pana attano bhikkhāya appaṭicchitattā eva na gato. Jīvako yāguṃ dātuṃ ārabhi. Satthā hatthena pattaṃ pidahi. ‘‘Kasmā, bhante, na gaṇhathā’’ti vutte ‘‘vihāre eko bhikkhu atthi, jīvakā’’ti. So purisaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, vihāre nisinnaṃ ayyaṃ gahetvā ehī’’ti. Cūḷapanthakattheropi rūpena kiriyāya ca ekampi ekena asadisaṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ nimminitvā nisīdi. So puriso vihāre bhikkhūnaṃ bahubhāvaṃ disvā gantvā jīvakassa kathesi – ‘‘imasmā bhikkhusaṅghā vihāre bhikkhusaṅgho bahutaro, pakkositabbaṃ ayyaṃ na jānāmī’’ti. Jīvako satthāraṃ pucchi – ‘‘ko nāmo, bhante, vihāre nisinno bhikkhū’’ti? ‘‘Cūḷapanthako nāma, jīvakā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha, bhaṇe, ‘cūḷapanthako nāma kataro’ti pucchitvā taṃ ānehī’’ti. So vihāraṃ gantvā ‘‘cūḷapanthako nāma kataro, bhante’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Ahaṃ cūḷapanthako, ahaṃ cūḷapanthako’’ti ekappahārena bhikkhusahassampi kathesi. So punāgantvā taṃ pavattiṃ jīvakassa ārocesi jīvako paṭividdhasaccattā ‘‘iddhimā maññe, ayyo’’ti nayato ñatvā ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, paṭhamaṃ kathentaṃ ayyameva ‘tumhe satthā pakkosatī’ti vatvā cīvarakaṇṇe gaṇhāhī’’ti āha. So vihāraṃ gantvā tathā akāsi. Tāvadeva nimmitabhikkhū antaradhāyiṃsu. So theraṃ gahetvā agamāsi.
当时,世尊接受了粥以及各种嚼食等。供养完毕,世尊吩咐尊者周利槃陀伽:“作随喜吧。”这位已证得无碍解的长老,犹如手持须弥山搅拌大海一般,搅动了三藏佛语,通达世尊的心意,作了随喜。十力尊用完斋返回寺院后,法堂中便生起了这样的议论:“啊,诸佛的威神之力真是不可思议!一个花了四个月连一首偈颂都记不住的人,竟在短短一瞬间被造就成如此大神通的圣者!”事实正是如此:那时坐在耆婆住所的世尊,了知“周利槃陀伽的心已如此入定,观智已进入行道”,便如同在原地坐着一般示现自身,开示道:“槃陀伽,这块碎布并非因为灰尘而污秽,然而,除此之外,在圣者的律法中,还有其他垢染,那才是真正的尘。”他如此开示:显示巴利原文
Satthā tasmiṃ khaṇe yāguñca khajjakādibhedañca paṭiggaṇhi. Katabhattakicco bhagavā āyasmantaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ āṇāpesi ‘‘anumodanaṃ karohī’’ti. So pabhinnapaṭisambhido sineruṃ gahetvā mahāsamuddaṃ manthento viya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ saṅkhobhento satthu ajjhāsayaṃ gaṇhanto anumodanaṃ akāsi. Dasabale bhattakiccaṃ katvā vihāraṃ gate dhammasabhāyaṃ kathā udapādi ‘aho buddhānaṃ ānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cattāro māse ekagāthaṃ gahetuṃ asakkontampi lahukena khaṇeneva evaṃ mahiddhikaṃ akaṃsū’ti, tathā hi jīvakassa nivesane nisinno bhagavā ‘evaṃ cūḷapanthakassa cittaṃ samāhitaṃ, vīthipaṭipannā vipassanā’ti ñatvā yathānisinnoyeva attānaṃ dassetvā, ‘panthaka, nevāyaṃ pilotikā kiliṭṭhā rajānukiṇṇā, ito pana aññopi ariyassa vinaye saṃkileso rajo’ti dassento –
“贪欲是尘,并非通常所说的微尘;‘尘’这个词,即是贪欲的别名、增语。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati, rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti; Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā bhikkhavo, viharanti te vigatarajassa sāsane. ‘‘Doso rajo…pe… vigatarajassa sāsane. ‘‘Moho rajo…pe… vigatarajassa sāsane’’ti. (mahāni. 209; cūḷani. udayamāṇavapucchāniddesa 74) –
世尊宣说这三首偈颂已,偈颂结束时,周利槃陀伽便证得阿拉汉果,同时拥有了四无碍解。导师听到那些比丘们的谈论,便走过来,在佛座上坐下,问道:“比丘们,你们在谈什么?”比丘们回答:“尊者,我们在谈这些事。”世尊听后便说:“比丘们,周利槃陀伽如今安住于我的教诫,获得了出世间法嗣。而在过去,他曾获得世间法嗣。”于是应他们的请求,世尊讲述了《小财主本生》。后来,世尊坐在法座上,被圣众围绕,将他安立为那些能够变化出意成身、并善于展现心意境界的比丘中的最上者。显示巴利原文
Imā tisso gāthāyo abhāsi. Gāthāpariyosāne cūḷapanthako sahapaṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti. Satthā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sutvā āgantvā buddhāsane nisīditvā ‘‘kiṃ vadetha, bhikkhave’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imaṃ nāma, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘bhikkhave, cūḷapanthakena idāni mayhaṃ ovāde ṭhatvā lokuttharadāyajjaṃ laddhaṃ, pubbe pana lokiyadāyajjaṃ laddha’’nti vatvā tehi yācito cūḷaseṭṭhijātakaṃ (jā. 1.1.4) kathesi. Aparabhāge naṃ satthā ariyagaṇaparivuto dhammāsane nisinno manomayaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimminantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetovivaṭṭakusalānañca aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.
35 他证得此最上位置后,回忆起自己过去的业,因内心生起的喜悦与欢喜,便开始宣扬过去所行的功德事迹,以“名为莲华上佛的胜者”等偈颂为开头。其中前两句的含义已如前释。“他远离僧团而住”:那位名为莲华上佛的导师,从大比丘僧团中离开,独自一人,进入远离的境界。显示巴利原文
35. Evaṃ so pattaetadaggaṭṭhāno attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā pītisomanassavasena pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Tattha purimapadadvayaṃ vuttatthameva. Gaṇamhā vūpakaṭṭhosoti so padumuttaro nāma satthā gaṇamhā mahatā bhikkhusamūhato vūpakaṭṭho visuṃ bhūto vivekaṃ upagato. Tadā mama tāpasakāle himavante himālayapabbatasamīpe vasi vāsaṃ kappesi, catūhi iriyāpathehi vihāsīti attho.
36 “我也是……那时”:当彼世尊来到雪山并安住时,我也住在雪山附近一个我所建造的道场里。那个林野住处四面都濒临着种种身心逼恼的险难,因此得名为“阿兰若”——这是句子的关联。我亲近那位刚来的大雄:那位刚抵达的、具大精进的世界导师、最上的世尊,我即刻前去拜见他——这是此句的意思。显示巴利原文
36.Ahampi…pe… tadāti yadā so bhagavā himavantaṃ upagantvā vasi, tadā ahampi himavantasamīpe kataassame ā samantato kāyacittapīḷāsaṅkhātā parissayā samanti etthāti assamoti laddhanāme araññāvāse vasāmīti sambandho. Acirāgataṃ mahāvīranti aciraṃ āgataṃ mahāvīriyavantaṃ lokanāyakaṃ padhānaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ upesinti sambandho, āgatakkhaṇeyeva upāgaminti attho.
37 「持花伞」:我这样拿着由莲花、青莲花等覆盖所成的花伞,走近人中至尊、人中最胜的世尊,为他遮阳,也就是来到他的身边。「入定时」:那时他正进入色界禅那定,安坐于定中,而我并未成为他的障碍。显示巴利原文
37.Pupphacchattaṃ gahetvānāti evaṃ upagacchanto ca padumuppalapupphādīhi chāditaṃ pupphamayaṃ chattaṃ gahetvā narāsabhaṃ narānaṃ seṭṭhaṃ bhagavantaṃ chādento upagacchiṃ samīpaṃ gatosmīti attho. Samādhiṃ samāpajjantanti rūpāvacarasamādhijjhānaṃ samāpajjantaṃ appetvā nisinnassa antarāyaṃ ahaṃ akāsinti sambandho.
38 「用双手举起」:我以双手将那柄制作精美的花伞举起,奉献给世尊——这是说明此动作与供养的关联。「他接受了」:莲花上世尊接受了我所供养的那柄花伞,也就是恭敬地纳受了。显示巴利原文
38.Ubho hatthehi paggayhāti taṃ susajjitaṃ pupphacchattaṃ dvīhi hatthehi ukkhipitvā ahaṃ bhagavato adāsinti sambandho. Paṭiggahesīti taṃ mayā dinnaṃ pupphacchattaṃ padumuttaro bhagavā sampaṭicchi, sādaraṃ sādiyīti attho.
41 「举百叶伞」:意指每一朵莲花都有上百片花瓣,以这种百瓣莲花覆盖而成的花伞,由那位苦行者恭敬地取来给我。「我将称扬那位苦行者」:即我要称赞那位苦行者,使他广为人知。「请听我所说」:就是请你们留意倾听我所说的话语。显示巴利原文
41.Satapattachattaṃ paggayhāti ekekasmiṃ padumapupphe satasatapattānaṃ vasena satapattehi padumapupphehi chāditaṃ pupphacchattaṃ pakārena ādarena gahetvā tāpaso mama adāsīti attho. Tamahaṃ kittayissāmīti taṃ tāpasaṃ ahaṃ kittayissāmi pākaṭaṃ karissāmīti attho. Mama bhāsato bhāsamānassa vacanaṃ suṇotha manasi karotha.
42 「二十五劫」:以此花伞布施之业,他将投生三十三天二十五次,成为帝释,享受天王之位。「又三十四次」:他还将投生人间三十四次,成为转轮王。显示巴利原文
42.Pañcavīsatikappānīti iminā pupphacchattadānena pañcavīsativāre tāvatiṃsabhavane sakko hutvā devarajjaṃ karissatīti sambandho. Catuttiṃsatikkhattuñcāti catuttiṃsativāre manussaloke cakkavattī rājā bhavissati.
43 「无论投生哪一道」:即在人胎等生命形态中,无论转生、往生或再生于哪一道。在哪一道、哪一处,当他于露天空旷处站立、安坐或停住时,都会有一朵莲花持于上方,为他遮覆——这便是其含义。显示巴利原文
43.Yaṃyaṃ yoninti manussayoniādīsu yaṃ yaṃ jātiṃ saṃsarati gacchati upapajjati. Tattha tattha yoniyaṃ abbhokāse suññaṭṭhāne patiṭṭhantaṃ nisinnaṃ ṭhitaṃ vā padumaṃ dhārayissati upari chādayissatīti attho.
45 「于开示的教法中」:因世尊开显、照亮了全部三藏,他必将得人身、生于人类之中。「于意所成身」:「意所成」即由心、由禅那心所生起;也就是心如何转,身便如何转,使身完全随心而行。在那意所成身中,这位苦行者将成为名为周利槃陀伽者,成为最上、最尊贵者。其余内容已如前说,较为浅显易明。显示巴利原文
45.Pakāsite pāvacaneti tena bhagavato sakalapiṭakattaye pakāsite dīpite manussattaṃ manussajātiṃ labhissati upapajjissati. Manomayamhi kāyamhīti manena jhānacittena nibbattoti manomayo, yathā cittaṃ pavattati, tathā kāyaṃ pavatteti cittagatikaṃ karotīti attho. Tamhi manomaye kāyamhi so tāpaso cūḷapanthako nāma hutvā uttamo aggo bhavissatīti attho. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttattā uttānattā ca suviññeyyameva.
52 「我忆念红睡莲」的意思是:我一面擦拭世尊化现出来的那件衣,一面忆念着红睡莲花。「在那里,我的心解脱」的意思是:在那红睡莲花上,我的心专注、依附于它;因此,我便证得了阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
52.Sariṃ kokanadaṃ ahanti ahaṃ bhagavato nimmitacoḷakaṃ parimajjanto kokanadaṃ padumaṃ sarinti attho. Tattha cittaṃ vimucci meti tasmiṃ kokanade padume mayhaṃ cittaṃ adhimucci allīno, tato ahaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇinti sambandho.
53 「我于一切处、一切随心而转的意所成身中,到达了彼岸之究竟」的意思是:我于所有地方、所有随心所现的意所成身中,都已到达、证得了究竟的彼岸。其余解释如前所述。显示巴利原文
53. Ahaṃ manomayesu cittagatikesu kāyesu sabbattha sabbesu pāramiṃ pariyosānaṃ gato pattoti sambandho. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.
毕陵达瓦洽长老譬喻的注疏。显示巴利原文
5. Pilindavacchattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“Nibbute lokanāthamhi”等偈颂开篇的,是尊者毕陵伽婆蹉长老的譬喻。他于过去诸佛处积集善业,于种种有中累积趣向涅槃的功德。在莲华上佛的时代,他生于汉舍瓦提城一大财富家族,如前所述的方法,在世尊座下闻法,见世尊将一位比丘置于“诸天所最爱乐”的第一位,便渴望获得此位。他尽其一生行善,命终后流转人天之间。善慧佛时,他生于良家。世尊般涅槃后,他供养佛塔,并向僧团行大施。从彼处命终后,于天、人二趣享受成就。在无佛出世的时期,他成为转轮王,令大众安住五戒,导向天界。之后,于我等世尊乔达摩时,他生于舍卫城一婆罗门家,取名毕陵达,姓瓦洽,故称毕陵伽婆蹉。因对轮回生起强烈的悚惧,他出家为游方者,并成就了名为“小乾陀罗”的明咒。凭此明咒,他能腾空飞行、了知他心,住于王舍城,获得了最上的利养与声誉。显示巴利原文
Nibbutelokanāthamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato pilindavacchattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbatto heṭṭhā vuttanayena satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto. Parinibbute bhagavati tassa thūpaṃ pūjetvā saṅghassa mahādānaṃ pavattetvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu ubhayasampattiyo anubhavitvā anuppanne buddhe cakkavattī rājā hutvā mahājanaṃ pañcasīlesu patiṭṭhāpetvā saggaparāyanaṃ akāsi. So anuppanneyeva amhākaṃ bhagavati sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, pilindotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Vacchoti gottaṃ. So aparabhāge pilindavacchoti paññāyittha. Saṃsāre pana saṃvegabahulatāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā cūḷagandhāraṃ nāma vijjaṃ sādhetvā tāya vijjāya ākāsacārī paracittavidū ca hutvā rājagahe lābhaggayasaggapatto paṭivasati.
那时,我们的世尊成正觉后,渐次来到王舍城。从那时起,由于佛陀的威力,他的明咒不再灵验,无法起作用。他心想:“我曾听师长们的师长说:‘大犍陀罗明咒所在之处,小犍陀罗明咒便不灵验。’自从沙门乔达摩来后,我的明咒就不灵了。无疑,沙门乔达摩通晓大犍陀罗明咒。我何不前去亲近他,向他学习那明咒呢?”于是他来到世尊面前说:“大沙门,我想在您座下学习一种明咒,请允许我。”世尊说:“那么,你就在我座下出家吧。”他心想:“出家即是明咒的前行”,便出家了。世尊为他说法,授予适合他根性的业处。由于资粮具足,他不久便修习观,证得阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Atha amhākaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho hutvā anukkamena rājagahaṃ upagato. Tato paṭṭhāya buddhānubhāvena tassa sā vijjā na sampajjati, attano kiccaṃ na sādheti. So cintesi – ‘‘sutaṃ kho panetaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘yattha mahāgandhāravijjā dharati , tattha cūḷagandhāravijjā na sampajjatī’ti samaṇassa pana gotamassa āgatakālato paṭṭhāya nāyaṃ mama vijjā sampajjati, nissaṃsayaṃ samaṇo gotamo mahāgandhāravijjaṃ jānāti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ payirupāsitvā tassa santike taṃ vijjaṃ pariyāpuṇeyya’’nti. So bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tava santike ekaṃ vijjaṃ pariyāpuṇitukāmo, okāsaṃ me karohī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi mama santike pabbajāhī’’ti āha. So ‘‘vijjāya parikammaṃ pabbajjā’’ti maññamāno pabbaji. Tassa bhagavā dhammaṃ kathetvā caritānukūlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. So upanissayasampannatāya nacirasseva vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
55 那些前世遵从他的教导而生天界的诸天,出于知恩,对他生起极大的崇敬,傍晚与清晨皆来亲近长老而后离去。因此,世尊以诸天极为喜爱悦意的特质,将他置于最上之位,说:“诸比丘,在我的比丘弟子中,最为诸天喜爱悦意者,就是这位毕陵伽婆蹉。”他这样获得最上的地位后,忆念起往昔所行的善业,以喜悦与欢喜之力,宣说自己过去所行的譬喻,并说出“Nibbute lokanāthamhi”等偈颂。显示巴利原文
55. Yā pana purimajātiyaṃ tassovāde ṭhatvā sagge nibbattā devatā, tā kataññutaṃ nissāya tasmiṃ sañjātabahumānā sāyaṃ pātaṃ theraṃ payirupāsitvā gacchanti. Tasmā naṃ bhagavā devatānaṃ ativiya piyamanāpabhāvena aggabhāve ṭhapesi ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ devatānaṃ piyamanāpānaṃ yadidaṃ pilindavaccho’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 215). Evaṃ so pattaaggaṭṭhāno attano pubbakammaṃ anussaritvā pītisomanassavasena pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute lokanāthamhītiādimāha.
其中,“lokanātho”指欲界、色界、无色界的依怙与庇护者。“Sumedho”:“medhā”指一切知智、无碍智等;此智慧殊胜妙好,故称善慧;又因他是最上之人,故又称最上人。当那位善慧世间导师、最上人以蕴般涅槃而般涅槃后——“pasannacitto sumano”即信心清净、具足喜悦与善美心的我——对那位善慧世尊作了塔庙的供养。这就是这句话的意思。显示巴利原文
Tattha kāmarūpārūpalokassa nātho padhānoti lokanātho. Medhā vuccanti sabbaññutaññāṇaanāvaraṇañāṇādayo, sundarā, pasaṭṭhā vā medhā yassa so sumedho, aggo ca so puggalo cāti aggapuggalo, tasmiṃ sumedhe lokanāyake aggapuggale khandhaparinibbānena nibbute satīti sambandho. Pasannacitto sumanoti saddhāya pasāditacitto somanassena sundaramano ahaṃ tassa sumedhassa bhagavato thūpapūjaṃ cetiyapūjaṃ akāsinti attho.
56 “Ye ca khīṇāsavā tattha”:在那集会中,凡是漏尽者——已断烦恼、具足六神通、拥有大神通与大威力者,我将所有这些漏尽者聚集一处,恭敬殷重地供养僧食,即应供养全体僧团的饮食,我以此饮食供养他们。这就是其义。显示巴利原文
56.Ye ca khīṇāsavā tatthāti tasmiṃ samāgame ye ca khīṇāsavā pahīnakilesā chaḷabhiññā chahi abhiññāhi samannāgatā mahiddhikā mahantehi iddhīhi samannāgatā santi, te sabbe khīṇāsave ahaṃ tattha samānetvā suṭṭhu ādarena ānetvā saṅghabhattaṃ sakalasaṅghassa dātabbabhattaṃ akāsiṃ tesaṃ bhojesinti attho.
57 “Upaṭṭhāko tadā ahū”:在我供养僧食之时,善慧世尊有位名为善慧的侍者弟子,当时,他是侍者弟子。这位弟子随喜我的供养与恭敬,随喜之后,宣说了其功德利益。这就是其义。显示巴利原文
57.Upaṭṭhāko tadā ahūti tadā mama saṅghabhattadānakāle sumedhassa bhagavato nāmena sumedho nāma upaṭṭhākasāvako ahu ahosīti attho. So sāvako mayhaṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ anumodittha anumodito ānisaṃsaṃ kathesīti attho.
58 “Tena cittappasādena”:以造塔供养所生的净信心,我往生天界的天宫——我到达那里,即出生于彼处,此为所说之义。八万六千:在那天宫中,有八万六千名天女愉悦、取悦我的心——这是经文的关联。显示巴利原文
58.Tena cittappasādenāti tena thūpapūjākaraṇavasena uppannena cittappasādena devaloke dibbavimānaṃ upapajjiṃ upagato asmīti attho, tattha nibbattomhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Chaḷāsītisahassānīti tasmiṃ vimāne cha asītisahassāni devaccharāyo me mayhaṃ cittaṃ ramiṃsu ramāpesunti sambandho.
59 “Mameva anuvattantī”:那些天女以一切天界的妙欲——即以色等为所依的五欲乐——服侍我,始终只追随我、听从我的话,恒常如此。这就是此处的含义。其余文句容易了知。显示巴利原文
59.Mameva anuvattantīti tā accharāyo sabbakāmehi dibbehi rūpādivatthukāmehi upaṭṭhahantiyo mamaṃ eva anuvattanti mama vacanaṃ anukaronti sadā niccakālanti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
六、罗睺罗长老的譬喻经注疏显示巴利原文
6. Rāhulattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以「莲花上佛世尊」等开头的,是尊者罗睺罗长老的譬喻。这位尊者在过去的诸多胜者那里累积了善行,在各种生命形态中流转,不断积聚导向解脱的福德。在莲花上佛的时代,他投生在一个良善的家庭,长大成人后,听闻世尊说法。他见到世尊将一位比丘安置在「乐于修学第一」的位置上,自己也希望获得那样的地位,于是做了诸如打扫、照亮坐卧具等殊胜的福德,并发下誓愿。从那里死后,他在人天二道中流转,享受过人天两种成就。到了此佛出世时,他缘于我们的菩萨,投生到耶输陀罗妃的胎中,取名为罗睺罗,在广大刹帝利眷属的围绕中长大。他出家的经过,详细记载在《犍度》(大品·105)。出家后,他在世尊座前通过许多经文接受善巧的教导,智慧成熟了,便精勤修习内观,证得了阿拉汉果。成为阿拉汉以后,他观察自己的修行之道,并为他人解说:显示巴利原文
Padumuttarassabhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato rāhulattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi āyasmā purimajinavaresu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ sikkhākāmānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento senāsanavisodhanavijjotanādikaṃ uḷāraṃ puññaṃ katvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. So tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ubhayasampattiyo anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde amhākaṃ bodhisattaṃ paṭicca yasodharāya deviyā kucchimhi nibbattitvā rāhuloti laddhanāmo mahatā khattiyaparivārena vaḍḍhi. Tassa pabbajjāvidhānaṃ khandhake (mahāva. 105) āgatameva. So pabbajitvā satthu santike anekehi suttapadehi suladdhovādo paripakkañāṇo vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahā pana hutvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā aññaṃ byākaronto –
「人们知道我名叫罗睺罗贤者,因为我在这两方面都完全具备;
我既是佛陀之子,又于诸法具足慧眼。
我诸漏已尽,不再有未来的再生;
我是阿拉汉,应供,具足三明,已见不死。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Ubhayeneva sampanno, rāhulabhaddoti maṃ vidū; Yañcamhi putto buddhassa, yañca dhammesu cakkhumā. ‘‘Yañca me āsavā khīṇā, yañca natthi punabbhavo; Arahā dakkhiṇeyyomhi, tevijjo amataddaso. ‘‘Kāmandhā jālapacchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā; Pamattabandhunā bandhā, macchāva kuminā mukhe. ‘‘Taṃ kāmaṃ ahamujjhitvā, chetvā mārassa bandhanaṃ; Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto’’ti. (theragā. 295-298);
他宣说了四首偈颂。其中,“两者具足”是指种姓具足与行道具足这两方面都具足,也就是圆满成就。“诸人知我为罗睺罗贤者”:同梵行者们认得我,称我为“罗睺罗贤者”。因为他出生时,菩萨说:“罗睺(障碍)出生了,束缚出生了。”净饭大王听了这话后,便为他取名“罗睺罗”。在此,他取用了父亲最初所说的那个词,说道:“诸人知我为罗睺罗贤者”。“贤者”是赞叹的话。后来,世尊因为他乐于修学,把他安立为最上:“比丘们,在我声闻比丘弟子中,乐于修学方面,罗睺罗是最上的。”(《增支部》1.209)显示巴利原文
Catasso gāthā abhāsi. Tattha ubhayeneva sampannoti jātisampadā paṭipattisampadāti ubhayasampattiyāpi sampanno samannāgato. Rāhulabhaddoti maṃ vidūti ‘‘rāhulabhaddo’’ti maṃ sabrahmacārino sañjānanti. Tassa hi jātasāsanaṃ sutvā bodhisattena, ‘‘rāhu, jāto, bandhanaṃ jāta’’nti vuttavacanaṃ upādāya suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘rāhulo’’ti nāmaṃ gaṇhi. Tattha ādito pitarā vuttapariyāyameva gahetvā āha – ‘‘rāhulabhaddoti maṃ vidū’’ti. Bhaddoti pasaṃsāvacanameva. Aparabhāge satthā taṃ sikkhākāmabhāvena aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhākāmānaṃ yadidaṃ rāhulo’’ti (a. ni. 1.209).
68 68. 就这样,这位获得最上地位的尊者,忆念自己过去的业之后,生起喜悦,为了开示过去世的德行,便说:“莲花上世尊……”等。“七层宫殿”:“宫殿”(pāsāda)意为能令人心生喜悦与欣喜之处,故称为宫殿;这座宫殿有七层重叠向上,故为七层宫殿。在那七层宫殿中。“我铺设了镜面”:我制成镜面之后,为世间最上的世尊、那究竟稳固者,铺设了地铺;铺设完毕,即是供养——这是其含义。显示巴利原文
68. Evaṃ so pattaetadaggaṭṭhāno attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Sattabhūmimhi pāsādeti pasādaṃ somanassaṃ janetīti pāsādo. Uparūpari ṭhitā satta bhūmiyo yasmiṃ pāsāde soyaṃ sattabhūmi, tasmiṃ sattabhūmimhi pāsāde. Ādāsaṃ santhariṃ ahanti ādāsatalaṃ nipphādetvā lokajeṭṭhassa bhagavato tādino ahaṃ santharaṃ adāsiṃ, santharitvā pūjesinti attho.
69 「诸漏尽者千位」:即为千位阿拉汉所围绕、所拥簇。「两足尊」:两足众生之尊主,人牛王、大牟尼,与他们一同前往香室并进入——此为含义。显示巴利原文
69.Khīṇāsavasahassehīti arahantasahassehi parikiṇṇo parivuto. Dvipadindo dvipadānaṃ indo sāmi narāsabho mahāmuni gandhakuṭiṃ tehi saha upāgami pāvisīti attho.
70 「照耀香室」:即庄严彼香室。「天中天」、「天中之天」,「人中之牛」、「人牛王」,最上导师,坐于比丘僧团中,宣说这些记说偈颂——此为关联。显示巴利原文
70.Virocento gandhakuṭinti taṃ gandhakuṭiṃ sobhayamāno devānaṃ devo devadevo narānaṃ āsabho narāsabho jeṭṭho satthā bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisīditvā imā byākaraṇagāthāyo abhāsatha kathesīti sambandho.
71 「此床座由谁所照亮」:这位近事男使此名为殿堂的床座被照亮、照耀、点燃。它被铺设得极为平整,如同黄铜所制的镜面一般。我将称扬彼近事男,令其事迹彰明——此为涵义。其余则易明了。显示巴利原文
71.Yenāyaṃ jotitā seyyāti yena upāsakena ayaṃ pāsādasaṅkhātā seyyā jotitā pabhāsitā pajjalitā. Ādāsova kaṃsalohamayaṃ ādāsatalaṃ iva suṭṭhu samaṃ katvā santhatā. Taṃ upāsakaṃ kittayissāmi pākaṭaṃ karissāmīti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.
81 “如来不会发生此事”:如来因其对可喜与不可喜之事皆毫不动摇的本质而得称“如来”,所谓“他在家的居家生活中会体验到爱着与耽染”,此事绝无可能、不会发生。这就是此句的含义。显示巴利原文
81.Aṭṭhānametaṃ yaṃ tādīti yaṃ yena kāraṇena tādī iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu akampiyasabhāvattā tādī agāre gharāvāse ratiṃ allīnabhāvaṃ ajjhagā pāpuṇi, etaṃ kāraṇaṃ aṭṭhānaṃ akāraṇanti attho.
82 “从家出离之后”:即从居家生活中出离之后,如同丢弃一片草叶般舍弃那一切,成为善修禁行、善学之人而将出家。“以罗睺罗为名”:净饭大王派人送来王子降生的消息,父亲悉达多听后说:“罗睺——障碍降生了,束缚降生了。”只是由于这样被命名,所以叫作“罗睺罗”。应当如此理解其用意——“犹如阿修罗王罗睺以其宫殿的光芒遮蔽日月而逼近一般,这个孩子也像是来给我的出离与出家制造障碍的”,所以才说“罗睺降生了”。“他将是阿拉汉”:具有如此殊胜亲依止缘的他,于观上精勤用功,将成为阿拉汉,即诸漏尽者。这就是此句的含义。显示巴利原文
82.Nikkhamitvāagārasmāti gharāvāsato nikkhamitvā taṃ tiṇadalamiva pariccajitvā subbato susikkhito pabbajissati. Rāhulo nāmanāmenāti suddhodanamahārājena pesitaṃ kumārassa jātasāsanaṃ sutvā pitarā siddhatthena, ‘‘rāhu jāto, bandhanaṃ jāta’’nti vuttanāmattā rāhulo nāmāti attho. ‘‘Yathā candasūriyānaṃ vimānapabhāya kiliṭṭhakaraṇena rāhu asurindo upeti gacchati, evamevāyaṃ mama abhinikkhamanapabbajjādīnaṃ antarāyaṃ karontoriva jāto’’ti adhippāyena, ‘‘rāhu jātoti āhā’’ti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Arahā so bhavissatīti so tādiso upanissayasampanno vipassanāyaṃ yuttappayutto arahā khīṇāsavo bhavissatīti attho.
83 “应如鹧鸪护其卵”:就像雌鹧鸪守护它的卵、它的种子一样,毫不放逸地守护戒;“如牦牛护其尾”:就像牦牛守护它的尾毛,当尾毛被竹刺钩住时,因害怕扯断而绝不生拉硬拽,宁可死去,比丘也应当如此,即使舍弃生命也不破戒而守护。“具足智慧、具足戒者”:所谓“nepakka”即是智慧,具足此智慧者称为“具足智慧者”。能防止戒出现缺失、裂缝等过失而守护,便成为“具足戒者”。世尊正是这样授记的。他如此证得阿拉汉果之后,有一天在寂静处独坐,依于喜悦说出了“我如此守护……”等偈颂。这些意思都很容易明白。显示巴利原文
83.Kikīva aṇḍaṃ rakkheyyāti aṇḍaṃ bījaṃ rakkhamānā kikī sakuṇī iva appamatto sīlaṃ rakkheyya, cāmarī viya vāladhinti vālaṃ rakkhamānā kaṇḍakesu vāle laggante bhindanabhayena anākaḍḍhitvā maramānā cāmarī viya jīvitampi pariccajitvā sīlaṃ abhinditvā rakkheyya. Nipako sīlasampannoti nepakkaṃ vuccati paññā, tena nepakkena samannāgato nipako khaṇḍachiddādibhāvaṃ apāpetvā rakkhaṇato sīlasampanno bhavissatīti evaṃ so bhagavā byākaraṇamakāsi. So evaṃ pattaarahattaphalo ekadivasaṃ vivekaṭṭhāne nisinno somanassavasena evaṃ rakkhiṃ mahāmunītiādimāha. Taṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
7. 《优波先那瓦甘答子长老譬喻注疏》显示巴利原文
7. Upasenavaṅgantaputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
“礼拜莲花上佛世尊”等,是尊者优波先那·瓦甘答子长老的譬喻。他亦曾于过去诸佛处广修善业,在流转诸趣的生命中累积福德,作为解脱的亲依止缘。在莲花上佛世尊的时代,他生于汉舍卫城的良家,长大后前往导师跟前听法。当他亲眼看见导师将一位比丘置于“一切善见”最上地位时,便对导师作了大福德业,并发愿未来证得此位。他终生行善,此后流转于天界与人界之间。到了此佛出世时,他生于那罗村的婆罗门女瑞沙梨母胎中,取名优波先那。长大后,他学习三吠陀,到导师跟前听法,生起净信而出家。受具足戒后的第二年,他心想“我要增长圣胎”,便为一位良家子在自己面前授了具足戒,然后带他一同去见导师。导师听说那位低腊比丘成为他的共住弟子后,便呵责他:“你这愚人,这么快就转向杂务多事了!”(《大品》75)他因随从之事被导师呵责后,心想:“既然导师是因随从而呵责我,那我就应当以随从来令导师欢喜。”于是他于观修上精进用功,不久便证得阿拉汉果。证得阿拉汉后,他不仅自己持守一切头陀支而修,还劝导他人一同精进。因此,显示巴利原文
Padumuttaraṃ bhagavantantiādikaṃ āyasmato upasenavaṅgantaputtattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samantapāsādikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā satthu adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde nālakagāme rūpasārī brāhmaṇiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, upasenotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampadāya ekavassiko ‘‘ariyagabbhaṃ vaḍḍhemī’’ti ekaṃ kulaputtaṃ attano santike upasampādetvā tena saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ gato. Satthārā cassa tassa avassikassa bhikkhuno saddhivihārikabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘atilahuṃ kho tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bāhullāya āvatto’’ti (mahāva. 75) garahito ‘‘idānāhaṃ yadi parisaṃ nissāya satthārā garahito, parisaṃyeva pana nissāya satthu pasādaṃ karissāmī’’ti vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahā pana hutvā sayampi sabbe dhutaṅgadhamme samādāya vattati, aññepi tadatthāya samādapesi, tena naṃ bhagavā samantapāsādikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So aparena samayena kosambiyaṃ kalahe uppanne bhikkhusaṅghe ca dvidhābhūte ekena bhikkhunā taṃ kalahaṃ parivajjitukāmena ‘‘etarahi kho kalaho uppanno, bhikkhusaṅgho ca dvidhābhūto, kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti puṭṭho vivekavāsato paṭṭhāya tassa paṭipattiṃ kathesi. Evaṃ thero tassa bhikkhuno ovādadānāpadesena attano tathā paṭipannabhāvaṃ dīpento aññaṃ byākāsi.
86 他证得此最上地位后,忆念起往昔的业行,依于喜悦而阐明过去生所行的譬喻,说出“礼拜莲花上佛”等偈颂。“宴坐于山岩窟”:pabbhāra 意为前倾、向下垂覆的山岩窟。我走近了那位在渴求独处的林间,于自然生成的山岩窟中宴坐的人中最上者——世尊。此即我去到他的面前。显示巴利原文
86. So evaṃ pattaetadaggaṭṭhāno attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassavasena pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaraṃ bhagavantantiādimāha. Pabbhāramhi nisīdantanti purato bhāraṃ namitaṃ onamitanti pabbhāraṃ vivekakāmaṃ vanamajjhe sayaṃjātapabbatapabbhāre nisinnaṃ naruttamaṃ bhagavantaṃ ahaṃ upagacchiṃ samīpaṃ gatoti attho.
87 “见迦尼迦罗花已”:他如此走近时,于彼处见到盛开的迦尼迦罗花。“当时我连梗折下”:在如来看见时,我从梗上折下那朵花。“装饰于伞上”:以那朵花覆盖伞盖。“供奉于佛”:即向宴坐于岩窟中的佛陀头顶献上。显示巴利原文
87.Kaṇikārapuppha disvāti tathā upagacchanto tasmiṃ padese supupphitaṃ kaṇikāraṃ disvā. Vaṇṭe chetvānahaṃ tadāti tasmiṃ tathāgatassa diṭṭhakāle taṃ pupphaṃ vaṇṭe vaṇṭasmiṃ chetvāna chinditvāna. Alaṅkaritvā chattamhīti tena pupphena chattaṃ chādetvā. Buddhassa abhiropayinti pabbhāre nisinnassa buddhassa muddhani akāsinti attho.
88 “并供养了团食”:意即,就在世尊安坐之处,我以种种方式供养团食,请他受用。“殊胜美食”:指称为“美好食物”的殊胜之食,也就是最上等的饮食。“于此与佛共九人”:意即,在那个寂静之处,连同佛陀共九人——我供养了其余八位已止息诸恶、断尽烦恼的漏尽比丘。显示巴利原文
88.Piṇḍapātañcapādāsinti tasmiṃyeva nisinnassa bhagavato piṇḍapātaṃ pakārena adāsiṃ bhojesinti attho. Paramannaṃ subhojananti sundarabhojanasaṅkhātaṃ paramannaṃ uttamāhāraṃ. Buddhena navame tatthāti tasmiṃ vivekaṭṭhāne buddhena saha navame aṭṭha samaṇe samitapāpe khīṇāsavabhikkhū bhojesinti attho.
“诸贤所称之善慧”:贤者们所称叹的“善慧”,正是指那位拥有如大地般深广智慧的乔达摩正自觉者。“善慧,即具足美妙智慧者”:贤者们说“善慧”便是具有圆满智慧的人。此句关联如下:“从今往后十万劫,这位乔达摩将成为正自觉者。”其余文句易于了知。显示巴利原文
Yaṃ vadanti sumedhoti yaṃ gotamasammāsambuddhaṃ bhūripaññaṃ pathavisamānaṃ paññaṃ sumedhaṃ sundaraṃ sabbaññutādipaññavantaṃ. Sumedho iti sundarapañño iti vadanti paṇḍitā ito kappato satasahasse kappe eso gotamo sammāsambuddho bhavissatīti sambandho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
8. 赖吒和罗长老的譬喻注疏显示巴利原文
8. Raṭṭhapālattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
这部《赖吒和罗长老譬喻》以“莲华上佛世尊……”为开头。这位长老在过去诸佛时便已广积善行,于种种生命形态中累积了导向解脱的福德资粮。早在莲花上佛世尊出现于世间之前,他就投生在汉舍卫城的一个富豪长者家中。待他长大成人,父亲去世之后,他便居留家中。见到库藏主管展示的祖辈相传的无量财富,他心想:“如此巨大的财富,我的父亲、祖父、曾祖等先辈,都没能将它带走,我却应当要能把它带走。”于是,他向穷苦无依之人等广行大布施。后来,他亲近一位获得神通的苦行者,那位苦行者教导他往生天界之法。他尽其一生累积福德,命终后投生天界,享受天界之乐,在那里度过一生。从天界殁后,他又转生人间,成为一个能安定分裂国土的家族的独生子。就在那时,莲花上佛世尊出现于世间,转起无上法轮,将应受调伏的众生度入名为涅槃大城的安稳之地。后来,这位善男子渐渐长大,一日与优婆塞们同往寺院,见到导师正说法,心生净信,便坐在大众的边缘。显示巴利原文
Padumuttarassabhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato raṭṭhapālattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampāyasmā purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto pitu accayena gharāvāse patiṭṭhito ratanakoṭṭhāgārakammikena dassitaṃ aparimāṇaṃ vaṃsānugataṃ dhanaṃ disvā ‘‘imaṃ ettakaṃ dhanarāsiṃ mayhaṃ pituayyakapayyakādayo attanā saddhiṃ gahetvā gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, mayā pana gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi. So abhiññālābhiṃ ekaṃ tāpasaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tena devalokādhipacce niyojito yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto manussaloke bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthassa kulassa ekaputtako hutvā nibbatti. Tena samayena padumuttaro bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko veneyyasatte nibbānamahānagarasaṅkhātaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi. Atha so kulaputto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannacitto parisapariyante nisīdi.
那时,世尊将一位比丘确立为“信出家者中的第一人”。他见后心生欢喜,便向被十万比丘围绕的世尊作七日大供养,并愿未来得此地位。世尊观察此愿无障碍、能成办,便授记说:“此人未来在名为乔达摩的正自觉者教法中,将成为信出家者中的第一人。”他顶礼世尊与比丘僧团后,起座离去。他尽形寿修集福德,命终后于天、人二趣流转。距此九十二劫前,正值弗沙佛世尊出世,当时世尊的三位异母王子正护持佛陀,他便作为助伴协助他们修善积福。就这样,他在生生世世中积集了大量善业,仅于天、人善趣流转。于此现在佛出世时,他生于俱卢国的土喇果帝咖镇,是赖吒和罗长者的儿子。因其族姓能护持分裂的国土,故得名“赖吒和罗”。他在众多随从的围绕中长大,成年后,父母为他安排了门当户对的婚事,赋予盛名与地位,使他享受着如天界般的荣华。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena satthā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So taṃ disvā pasannamānaso satasahassabhikkhuparivutassa bhagavato sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthesi. Satthā anantarāyena samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. So yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvenavute kappe phussassa bhagavato kāle satthu vemātikesu tīsu rājaputtesu satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahantesu tesaṃ puññakiriyāsu sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha bhave bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe thullakoṭṭhikanigame raṭṭhapālaseṭṭhino gehe nibbatti, tassa bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthakule nibbattattā raṭṭhapāloti vaṃsānugatameva nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhanto anukkamena yobbanappatto mātāpitūhi patirūpena dārena saṃyojito mahante ca yase patiṭṭhāpito dibbasampattisadisasampattiṃ paccanubhoti.
那时,世尊于俱卢国巡行游化,抵达土喇果帝咖镇。赖吒和罗善男子闻此消息,便往见世尊,闻法生信,欲求出家。他绝食七日,历经艰难方得父母许可,随后前往世尊处恳请出家。依世尊指示,他依止一位比丘出家。此后,他如理作意,修习业处,增长观智,证得阿拉汉果。证得后,他乞请世尊许可,为看望父母而前往土喇果帝咖镇。他在那里次第乞食,于父亲家得一份隔夜的粥,如饮甘露般受用。父亲邀请他次日应供,他默然应允。第二天,他在父亲家用斋后,走入盛装严饰的宫女之中。众宫女为诱惑他,说道:“贤士,那些天女长相如何?您是为她们而修梵行的吧?”如这些语。当他受到诱惑时,却扭转她们的心念,为她们说与无常等相应的法:显示巴利原文
Atha bhagavā kururaṭṭhe janapadacārikaṃ caranto thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anupāpuṇi. Taṃ sutvā raṭṭhapālo kulaputto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitukāmo sattāhaṃ bhattacchedaṃ katvā kicchena kasirena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā satthu āṇattiyā aññatarassa santike pabbajitvā yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ anujānāpetvā mātāpitaro passituṃ thullakoṭṭhikaṃ gantvā tattha sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caranto pitu nivesane ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ labhitvā taṃ amataṃ viya paribhuñjanto pitarā nimantito svātanāya adhivāsetvā dutiyadivase pitu nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatte itthāgārajane upagantvā ‘‘kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo, yāsaṃ tvaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carasī’’tiādīni (ma. ni. 2.301) vatvā palobhanakammaṃ kātuṃ āraddhe tassādhippāyaṃ viparivattetvā aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ kathento –
观此彩画形像,耸然而立,不过脓疮积聚之身;
此病痛之身,多诸思虑,其中无有坚固安住。
你看这个以色彩妆扮的色身,佩戴摩尼珠与耳环;
骨骼为皮肤所包裹,搭配衣服便显得光彩好看。
双足涂以紫胶,面庞抹着香粉;
这足以令愚人迷惑,却不能迷惑求渡彼岸者。
头发编作八爪辫,双目涂以眼膏;
这足以迷惑愚者,却不足以成就寻求彼岸者。
就像崭新彩绘的眼膏盒,这具腐臭的身体却加以装饰;
这足以迷惑愚者,却不足以成就寻求彼岸者。
猎人设下了罗网,鹿并未靠近陷阱;
我们吃完诱饵便离去,任凭捕鹿人哀泣。
猎人的陷阱已被砍断,而鹿并未靠近罗网;
我们享用诱饵后便离去,徒留那些捕鹿人在那里悲伤。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Passa cittakataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ; Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti. ‘‘Passa cittakataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca; Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthehi sobhati. ‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo; Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, kandante migabandhake. ‘‘Chinno pāso migavassa, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo; Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, socante migaluddake’’ti. (ma. ni. 2.302; theragā. 769-775);
他宣说了这些偈颂。说毕,便腾身升入空中,于俱卢后裔王的鹿皮林园中,在吉祥石板上坐下。据说,长老的父亲令人将七座城门的门闩全部插上,并命令末罗武士们:‘不要放他出去,脱下他的袈裟,给他穿上白衣。’因此长老是从空中离开的。后来,俱卢后裔王听说长老坐在那里,便前去相见。彼此亲切问候之后,国王问道:‘赖吒和罗!人们出家,有的是因为遭受疾病的摧残,有的是因为衰老、财富的衰败或亲属的离散而出家;而你并未遭遇任何衰败,为何却出家了呢?’于是,长老便向他讲述了自己所证知的四法要义:‘世间迅速趋向无常,世间没有庇护者,也没有主宰,世间没有真正的皈依,必须舍弃一切而离去,世间是匮乏的、永不知足的,是渴爱的奴仆。’随后,为了阐明这番开示,他宣说了如下随顺的偈颂——显示巴利原文
Imā gāthāyo abhāsi. Imā gāthā vatvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño korabyassa migājinavanuyyāne maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi. Therassa kira pitā sattasu dvārakoṭṭhakesu aggaḷaṃ dāpetvā malle āṇāpesi ‘‘nikkhamituṃ mā detha, kāsāyāni apanetvā setakāni nivāsāpethā’’ti. Tasmā thero ākāsena agamāsi. Atha rājā korabyo therassa tattha nisinnabhāvaṃ sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ‘‘idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, pabbajanto byādhipārijuññaṃ vā jarābhogañātipārijuññaṃ vā patto pabbajati, tvaṃ pana kiñcipi pārijuññaṃ anupagato eva kasmā pabbajasī’’ti pucchi. Athassa thero ‘‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, asaraṇo loko sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’’ti (ma. ni. 2.305) imesaṃ catunnaṃ dhammuddesānaṃ attanā viditabhāvaṃ kathetvā tassā desanāya anugītiṃ kathento –
我看见世间那些拥有财富的人,得到了财物,却因愚痴而不肯布施;
他们贪婪吝啬,一味积聚财富,对感官欲乐的渴求却愈发增长。
国王以强力征服大地,统御着这片延至大海边际的辽阔疆域;
他对大海的此岸仍不满足,又渴望大海的彼岸。
国王与其他许多人,未离渴爱,便走向死亡;
正如不满足的人那样,他们抛弃了身躯;世间诸欲之中,实无满足。
亲属们为他哭泣,披散着头发,并这样说:‘啊,但愿我们不会死去!’
他们用布覆盖他的身体,抬出去堆起柴堆,随后就地焚化。
他正被焚烧,遭木桩穿刺,唯有一件布衣遮身,舍弃了一切财富;
临终者无有救护,无论亲属、朋友还是同伴。
临终之人,无有一物能随他而去——无论是儿子、妻子、财富,还是国土。
不论是富人还是穷人,都会领受到触;愚者与智者,同样被触所触及。
愚者由于愚痴,在受到触时,如同被击倒般躺卧不起;而智者虽被触所触,内心亦无动摇。
因此,慧确实比财富更殊胜,正是依此慧,他即于现世达至终尽。
他入于母胎,又趣向他处世间,辗转相续,而进入轮回。
犹如盗贼在墙隙入口被捉,那具恶法者,因自所作之业而受惩罚。
同样地,众生死后至于他世,那具恶法者,因自所作之业而受惩罚。
种种欲乐缤纷多彩,甜蜜悦意,它们以种种怪异的形貌搅动人心。
犹如树上的果实坠落,无论年轻人还是年长者,一旦身坏,都将死去。
大王,见此景象后,我便出家了,因为真实无过的沙门生涯方为更上。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā; Luddhā dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ karonti, bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti. ‘‘Rājā pasayhappathaviṃ vijetvā, sasāgarantaṃ mahimāvasanto; Oraṃ samuddassa atittarūpo, pāraṃ samuddassapi patthayetha. ‘‘Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, avītataṇhā maraṇaṃ upenti; Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṃ, kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti. ‘‘Kandanti naṃ ñātī pakiriya kese, ‘aho vatā no amarā’ti cāhu; Vatthena naṃ pārutaṃ nīharitvā, citaṃ samodhāya tato ḍahanti. ‘‘So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno, ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge; Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā, ñātī ca mittā atha vā sahāyā. ‘‘Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṃ haranti, satto pana gacchati yena kammaṃ; Na mīyamānaṃ dhanamanveti kiñci, puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Na dīghamāyuṃ labhate dhanena, na cāpi vittena jaraṃ vihanti; Appaṃ hidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, asassataṃ vippariṇāmadhammaṃ. ‘‘Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṃ, bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho; Bālo hi bālyā vadhitova seti, dhīro ca no vedhati phassaphuṭṭho. ‘‘Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati; Abyositattā hi bhavābhavesu, pāpāni kammāni karoti mohā. ‘‘Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, saṃsāramāpajjaparamparāya; Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto, upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ. ‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo; Evaṃ pajā pecca paramhi loke, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo. ‘‘Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā, virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ; Ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā, tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja. ‘‘Dumapphalānīva patanti māṇavā, daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā; Etampi disvāna pabbajitomhi rāja, apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo. ‘‘Saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito, upeto jinasāsane; Avañjhā mayhaṃ pabbajjā, anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ. ‘‘Kāme ādittato disvā, jātarūpāni satthato; Gabbhāvokkantito dukkhaṃ, nirayesu mahabbhayaṃ. ‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadā; Sohaṃ viddho tadā santo, sampatto āsavakkhayaṃ. ‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ; Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā. ‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ; So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo’’ti. (theragā. 776-793) –
他说了这些偈颂。如此,长老为俱卢王说法后,便前往导师跟前。后来,导师坐在圣众之中,将长老安立为依信出家者之最上者。显示巴利原文
Imā gāthā avoca. Evaṃ thero rañño korabyassa dhammaṃ desetvā satthu santikameva gato. Satthā ca aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.
97-8 如是,那位获得了最上地位的上座,忆起往昔所作业后心生喜悦,为宣说过去所行的本事,说出了以“莲花上世尊”等为始的偈颂。“殊胜之象由我供施”:我对彼世尊的色身生起净信,布施了一头殊胜、最上、最胜的大象——它长着犁柄般的长牙,牙列整齐如车辕,体型高大,能负重,堪为国王骑乘。“白伞庄严”:指以高举在象肩上的白伞作侍奉而显得庄严。这殊胜之象更有何殊胜处?原来它还“具足庄严”,配有种种象饰。我造了“僧伽蓝”:为了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团的居住,我令人建造了僧园精舍。显示巴利原文
97-8. Evaṃ so thero pattaetadaggaṭṭhāno pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Varanāgo mayā dinnoti tassa bhagavato rūpakāye pasīditvā varo uttamo seṭṭho īsādanto rathīsāsadisadanto urūḷhavā bhāravaho rājāraho vā. Setacchattopasobhitoti hatthikkhandhe ussāpitasetacchattena upasevito sobhamāno. Punapi kiṃ visiṭṭho varanāgo? Sakappano hatthālaṅkārasahito. Saṅghārāmaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa vasanatthāya ārāmaṃ vihāraṃ akārayiṃ kāresiṃ.
99 “五万四千”:指在那座已建成的精舍中,我令人建造了五万四千座殿堂。“作大洪水般的布施后”:意思是准备了具足一切资具、犹如大洪水般盛大的布施,奉献给大牟尼。显示巴利原文
99.Catupaññāsasahassānīti tasmiṃ kārāpite vihārabbhantare catupaññāsasahassāni pāsādāni ca ahaṃ akārayiṃ kāresinti attho. Mahoghadānaṃ karitvānāti sabbaparikkhārasahitaṃ mahoghasadisaṃ mahādānaṃ sajjetvā mahesino munino niyyādesinti attho.
100 “大雄随喜”:“大雄”指在四不可计数百千劫中,以从不间断的精进而得名的大雄者,他是自生者,是亲自证得一切知智的最胜、最上之人。他做了随喜,即对精舍做了随喜。“令一切人欢喜”:指他令无量无边的天人与人类欢喜、满足,并开示了与不死涅槃相连的四谛法,也就是宣说、阐明、揭示、分析、显了这些法义。显示巴利原文
100.Anumodi mahāvīroti caturāsaṅkhyeyyasatasahassesu kappesu abbocchinnaussāhasaṅkhātena vīriyena mahāvīro sayambhū sayameva bhūto jāto laddhasabbaññutaññāṇo aggo seṭṭho puggalo anumodi vihārānumodanaṃ akāsi. Sabbe jane hāsayantoti sakalānantāparimāṇe devamanusse hāsayanto santuṭṭhe kurumāno amatanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ catusaccadhammadesanaṃ desesi pakāsesi vivari vibhaji uttānī akāsīti attho.
101 “他揭示了我的福德”:他特为显明了我所积福德的力量。“名为莲花上”:生于水中、由水所生者即是莲花,故以此为名,称“莲花上”。也有作“Jalanuttamanāyako”的版本。此处,以自身光明照耀者,称为“jalanā”,即指日、月、天、梵;在这些照耀者中,最胜者即为“jalanuttamo”。于一切众生中为最胜之导师者,名为“nāyako”;又或指将具备资粮的众生导向、领入涅槃,故称“nāyako”。因此,既是最胜之照耀者,又是导师,便合称“jalanuttamanāyako”。“坐在比丘僧团中”:他坐于比丘僧团中间,宣说这些偈颂,加以明确开示。其余文句,其义自明。显示巴利原文
101.Taṃme viyākāsīti taṃ mayhaṃ katapuññaṃ balaṃ visesena pākaṭaṃ akāsi. Jalajuttamanāmakoti jale jātaṃ jalajaṃ padumaṃ, padumuttaranāmakoti attho. ‘‘Jalanuttamanāyako’’tipi pāṭho. Tattha attano pabhāya jalantīti jalanā, candimasūriyadevabrahmāno, tesaṃ jalanānaṃ uttamoti jalanuttamo. Sabbasattānaṃ nāyako uttamoti nāyako, sambhāravante satte nibbānaṃ neti pāpetīti vā nāyako, jalanuttamo ca so nāyako cāti jalanuttamanāyako. Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvāti bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisinno imā gāthā abhāsatha pākaṭaṃ katvā kathesīti attho. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
9. 苏波迦长老譬喻的注释显示巴利原文
9. Sopākattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“清扫山窟”等语开篇的,是尊者苏波迦长老的譬喻。这位长老于过去诸佛前亦曾积累善行,在轮回中处处积集以出离为依止的福德。在悉达多世尊时,他投生为一居士之子。一日,他见到世尊,便向世尊供养了木苹果。世尊出于悲悯而受用。这位居士对世尊与僧伽生起净信,筹办饮食,并依僧团所指示的方式,终身供给三位比丘乳饭。他以此福德,在天与人中辗转受用种种福乐;后有一世转生为人,布施给一位独觉佛乳饭。显示巴利原文
Pabbhāraṃ sodhayantassātiādikaṃ āyasmato sopākattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle aññatarassa kuṭumbikassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā bījapūraphalāni satthu upanesi, paribhuñji bhagavā tassānukampaṃ upādāya. So bhikkhu satthari saṅghe ca abhippasanno salākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saṅghuddesavasena tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāvatāyukaṃ khīrabhattaṃ adāsi. So tehi puññehi aparāparaṃ devamanussesu sampattiyo anubhavanto ekadā manussayoniyaṃ nibbatto ekassa paccekabuddhassa khīrabhattaṃ adāsi.
就这样,他处处累积福德,唯转生于善趣。在此佛陀出世的时代,由于过去业力之果报,他结生于舍卫城一位穷苦女子的子宫中。那位女子怀胎十月,胎满临产之际,却无法顺利生产,陷入昏迷,长时间如同死去一般躺卧。亲属们以为“她已死亡”,便将她送到墓地,置于柴堆之上。由于天神威力,风雨骤起,他们未点火便离开了。那男孩因是最后身,亦凭借天神威力,健康无病地从母胎中出来。然其母亲却已去世。一位天神化为人形前来,抱起他,置于守墓人家中,并在随后数日,以适宜的食物喂养他。此后,守墓人便将他当作亲儿子养育。他如此长大,与守墓人之子——名为善爱的孩子一同嬉戏、各处奔跑。因他于墓地出生、长大,故人们称他为“苏波迦”。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ tattha tattha puññāni katvā sugatīsuyeva paribbhamanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde purimakammanissandena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarāya duggatitthiyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā taṃ dasamāse kucchinā pariharitvā paripakke gabbhe vijāyanakāle vijāyituṃ asakkontī mucchaṃ āpajjitvā bahuvelaṃ matā viya nipajji. Ñātakā ‘‘matā’’ti saññāya susānaṃ netvā citakaṃ āropetvā devatānubhāvena vātavuṭṭhiyā uṭṭhitāya aggiṃ adatvā pakkamiṃsu. Dārako pacchimabhavikattā devatānubhāveneva arogo hutvā mātukucchito nikkhami. Mātā pana kālamakāsi. Devatā manussarūpenupagamma taṃ gahetvā susānagopakassa gehe ṭhapetvā katipāhaṃ kālaṃ patirūpena āhārena posesi. Tato paraṃ susānagopako attano puttaṃ katvā vaḍḍhesi. So tathā vaḍḍhento tassa puttena suppiyena nāma dārakena saddhiṃ kīḷanto vicari. Tassa susāne jātasaṃvaḍḍhabhāvato sopākoti samaññā ahosi.
他七岁时的一天,世尊于黎明时分撒开智网,观察可度化的亲眷,发现他已进入智网之中,便前往墓地。那男孩受过去因缘的驱使,心怀净信,来到导师跟前,礼拜后站在一旁。导师为他说法。他听法之后请求出家,父亲说:“我已允许了。”于是他便把父亲带到导师面前。他的父亲礼拜导师,恳求道:“尊者,请让这个孩子出家吧。”世尊便让他出家,并教导他修习慈心。他领受慈心业处,在墓地中安住修行,不久便以慈心禅那为基础,增长观智,亲证了阿拉汉果。成为阿拉汉后,为了向其他在墓地修行的比丘们开示慈心的修习方法,他说出“如于一独子”(《长老偈》33)这个偈颂。这里的意思是:犹如父母对那可爱、称心的独子,会一心为了他的利益而成为善巧的护持者,同样地,对于东方等所有方向的一切众生,或对于欲有等一切生存领域的一切众生,乃至对于处在幼年等一切阶段的众生,对所有有情,都应一心为了他们的利益而成为善巧者,不应设定“朋友、中立者、敌人”的界限,应当打破界限,于一切处修习一味的慈心。说了这则偈颂后,他又给予教导:“诸位尊者,如果你们这显示巴利原文
Athekadivasaṃ sattavassikaṃ taṃ bhagavā paccūsavelāyaṃ ñāṇajālaṃ pattharitvā veneyyabandhave olokento ñāṇajālassa antogataṃ disvā susānaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Dārako pubbahetunā codiyamāno pasannamānaso satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa dhammaṃ kathesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā pitarā ‘‘anuññātosī’’ti vutto pitaraṃ satthu santikaṃ ānesi. Tassa pitā satthāraṃ vanditvā ‘‘imaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājetha, bhante’’ti anujāni, taṃ pabbājetvā bhagavā mettābhāvanāya niyojesi. So mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā susāne viharanto nacirasseva mettājhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Arahā hutvāpi aññesaṃ sosānikabhikkhūnaṃ mettābhāvanāvidhiṃ dassento ‘‘yathāpi ekaputtasmi’’nti (theragā. 33) gāthaṃ abhāsi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā ekaputtake piye manāpe mātā pitā ca kusalī ekantahitesī bhaveyya, evaṃ puratthimādibhedāsu sabbāsu disāsu kāmabhavādibhedesu vā sabbesu bhavesu daharādibhedāsu sabbāsu avatthāsupi ṭhitesu sabbesu sattesu ekantahitesitāya kusalī bhaveyya ‘‘mitto, udāsino, paccatthiko’’ti sīmaṃ akatvā sīmāya sambhedavasena sabbattha ekarasaṃ mettaṃ bhāveyyāti imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘sace tumhe āyasmanto evaṃ mettaṃ bhāveyyātha, ye te bhagavatā ‘sukhaṃ supatī’tiādinā (a. ni. 11.15; pari. 331; mi. pa. 4.4.6) ekādasa mettānisaṃsā ca vuttā, ekaṃsena tesaṃ bhāgino bhavathā’’ti ovādaṃ adāsi.
112 112. 就这样,他证得了果位,省察自己所积累的福德,心中生起喜悦。为了宣说自己过去生的修行事迹,他便说出以“pabbhāraṃ sodhayantassā”等为开端的偈颂。其中,“pabbhāra”指的是石山中的僻静处。因为那个地方适合出家人居住,他便砌起砖墙,装上大门,供养给比丘们居住。由于它是以种种方式值得希求的(patthetabba),故称为“pabbhāra”。当他正在清理那个地方时,名为悉达多的世尊来到了他面前。显示巴利原文
112. Evaṃ so pattaphalādhigamo attano katapuññaṃ paccavekkhitvā sañjātasomanasso pubbacaritāpadānaṃ dassento pabbhāraṃ sodhayantassātiādimāha. Tattha pabbhāranti silāpabbatassa vivekaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ pabbajitānurūpattā iṭṭhakapākāraṃ katvā dvārakavāṭaṃ yojetvā bhikkhūnaṃ vasanatthāya adāsi, pakārena bharo patthetabboti pabbhāro, taṃ sodhayantassa mama santikaṃ siddhattho nāma bhagavā āgacchi pāpuṇi.
113 113. “Buddhaṃ upagataṃ disvā”的意思是:看到如此来到我面前的佛陀——他是“真如者”,于可意与不可意境皆不动摇,具足如是功德,为世间之尊。我为这位具足真实功德、为世间之尊的佛陀,铺好了草、叶等敷具,乃至木板的敷具,并供养了鲜花所成的座位。显示巴利原文
113.Buddhaṃ upagataṃ disvāti evaṃ mama santikaṃ āgataṃ disvā tādino iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu akampiyasabhāvattā tādiguṇayuttassa lokajeṭṭhassa buddhassa santharaṃ tiṇapaṇṇādisantharaṃ kaṭṭhattharaṃ paññāpetvā niṭṭhāpetvā pupphāsanaṃ pupphamayaṃ āsanaṃ ahaṃ adāsiṃ.
114 “Pupphāsane nisīditvā”:坐在所铺设的花座上的世间导师、悉达多世尊。“Mamañca gatiṃ aññāya”:了知我的归宿——未来的投生之处后,便宣说了无常、无常性。显示巴利原文
114.Pupphāsanenisīditvāti tasmiṃ paññatte pupphāsane nisīditvā lokanāyako siddhattho bhagavā. Mamañca gatimaññāyāti mayhaṃ gatiṃ āyatiṃ uppattiṭṭhānaṃ aññāya jānitvā aniccataṃ aniccabhāvaṃ udāhari kathesi.
115 “Aniccā vata saṅkhārā”:确实,诸行是由种种因缘和合、聚集而造作的,所有这些依缘而有的法,以坏灭之义说为无常。“Uppādavayadhammino”:它们具有生已还灭的性质,生起并显现之后,这些诸行便止息、灭去了。“Tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho”:这些诸行的寂灭是乐,能令诸行完全寂灭的涅槃即是究竟的乐。显示巴利原文
115.Aniccā vata saṅkhārāti vata ekantena saṅkhārā paccayehi samecca samāgantvā karīyamānā sabbe sappaccayadhammā hutvā abhāvaṭṭhena aniccā. Uppādavayadhamminoti uppajjitvā vinassanasabhāvā uppajjitvā pātubhavitvā ete saṅkhārā nirujjhanti vinassantīti attho. Tesaṃ vūpasamo sukhoti tesaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ visesena upasamo sukho, tesaṃ vūpasamakaraṃ nibbānameva ekantasukhanti attho.
116 “Idaṃ vatvāna sabbaññū”:了知一切法的世尊——世间最尊贵、最殊胜,人中圣主、首领、英雄——如此说完、开示了有关无常的法教之后,犹如雁王飞腾于空中,升入虚空。这是词句的连结之意。显示巴利原文
116.Idaṃ vatvāna sabbaññūti sabbadhammajānanako bhagavā lokānaṃ jeṭṭho vuḍḍho narānaṃ āsabho padhāno vīro idaṃ aniccapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammadesanaṃ vatvāna kathetvā ambare ākāse haṃsarājā iva nabhaṃ ākāsaṃ abbhuggamīti sambandho.
117 “舍弃了自己的见解”:即把自己的见解、忍可、喜好与意欲,彻底舍弃、断除。“我修习了无常想”:即于无常的事物中,我修习、增广并安住于作意“这是无常”之想。“在那里我命终”:即在那第三生的结生之后,我从那一生中死去。显示巴利原文
117.Sakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ attano laddhiṃ khantiṃ ruciṃ ajjhāsayaṃ jahitvāna pahāya. Bhāvayāniccasaññahanti anicce aniccanti pavattasaññaṃ ahaṃ bhāvayiṃ vaḍḍhesiṃ manasi akāsiṃ. Tattha kālaṃ kato ahanti tattha tissaṃ jātiyaṃ tato jātito ahaṃ kālaṃ kato mato.
118 “经历了两成就”:即经历并受用了人间成就与天界成就这两种成就。“被善根所策励”:即被宿世的善根,也就是那作为根本的善业所策励、推动。“在后有得成就时”:即在最后有已到来、证得之时。“我往生到食残食的旃陀罗胎中”:即我往生到那种自己所煮的食物,他人不可食用的旃陀罗族中;或者说,我投生于那吃狗食的旃陀罗家中。其余文句的意义浅显易懂。显示巴利原文
118.Dvesampattī anubhotvāti manussasampattidibbasampattisaṅkhātā dve sampattiyo anubhavitvā. Sukkamūlena coditoti purāṇakusalamūlena, mūlabhūtena kusalena vā codito sañcodito. Pacchime bhave sampatteti pariyosāne bhave sampatte pāpuṇite. Sapākayonupāgaminti sakaṃ pacitabhattaṃ sapākaṃ yoniṃ upāgamiṃ. Yassa kulassa attano pacitabhattaṃ aññehi abhuñjanīyaṃ, tasmiṃ caṇḍālakule nibbattosmīti attho. Atha vā sā vuccati sunakho, sunakhocchiṭṭhabhattabhuñjanakacaṇḍālakule jātoti attho. Sesaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
10. 善吉祥长老譬喻的注疏显示巴利原文
10. Sumaṅgalattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“欲供奉祭祀……”等为开端的偈颂,是尊者善吉祥长老的譬喻。这位尊者也曾在过去诸佛处累积修行资粮,于种种生命形态中,积集以涅槃为依止的福德。在喜见佛出世时,他投生为一位树神。有一天,他看见世尊沐浴后身披一件单衣而立,心生欢喜,便拍起手来。凭此福业,他在天界与人间流转,到此现在佛出世时,由于该业的果报成熟,他出生在离舍卫城不远的一个村庄的贫困家庭,取名善吉祥。成年后,他成了一个驼背的人,以犁锄为具,靠种田维生。有一次,当憍萨罗国的波斯匿王正在举办对世尊及比丘僧团的大布施时,他提着一罐酪浆,随同携带供品的人们一同前来。他见比丘们受到恭敬与尊重,心想:“这些释迦子沙门穿着细软的衣服,吃着精美的食物,住在无风吹袭的住处。我何不出家呢?”这样思惟后,他便去亲近一位大长老,表明了自己想出家的意愿。那位大长老出于悲悯,为他剃度,并传授了修行的业处。他独住森林时,感到厌倦、烦闷,想要还俗。在前往俗家亲族村庄的途中,他半路上眼看那些用布片绑腿、身着脏衣、满身尘土的显示巴利原文
Āhutiṃyiṭṭhukāmotiādikaṃ āyasmato sumaṅgalattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampāyasmā purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto piyadassissa bhagavato kāle rukkhadevatā hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ nhatvā ekacīvaraṃ ṭhitaṃ disvā somanassappatto apphoṭesi. So tena puññena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ gāmake tādisena kammanissandena daliddakule nibbatti, tassa sumaṅgaloti nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto khujjakāsitanaṅgalakuddālaparikkhāro hutvā kasiyā jīvikaṃ kappesi. So ekadivasaṃ raññā pasenadinā kosalena bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādāne pavattiyamāne dānūpakaraṇāni gahetvā āgacchantehi manussehi saddhiṃ dadhighaṭaṃ gahetvā āgato bhikkhūnaṃ sakkārasammānaṃ disvā ‘‘ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhumavatthanivatthā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu senāsanesu viharanti, yaṃnūnāhampi pabbajeyya’’nti cintetvā aññataraṃ mahātheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano pabbajādhippāyaṃ nivedesi. So taṃ karuṇāyanto pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi. So araññe viharanto ekakavihāre nibbinno ukkaṇṭhito hutvā vibbhamitukāmo ñātigāmaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kacchaṃ bandhitvā khettaṃ kasante kiliṭṭhavatthanivatthe samantato rajokiṇṇasarīre vātātapena sussante khettaṃ kassake manusse disvā ‘‘mahantaṃ vatime sattā jīvikanimittaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhavantī’’ti saṃvegaṃ paṭilabhi. Ñāṇassa paripākagatattā cassa yathāgahitaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ upaṭṭhāsi. So aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā vivekaṃ labhitvā yonisomanasikaronto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
124 他证得阿拉汉果后,忆起自己过去的业,出于喜悦,在开示往昔所行的事迹时,诵出了“欲供奉祭祀……”等语句。其中,「供奉」指饮食等各种供养与尊敬之物。「欲祭祀者」:即想要祭祀、想要行布施供养的我。「准备了食物」:准备好了、制作好了饮食。「期待着婆罗门」:正寻找着清净出家的应供者。「站在宽广的殿堂中」:站在清洁、铺有白砂、景色怡人的广阔殿堂中。显示巴利原文
124. Evaṃ so pattaarahattaphalo attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassavasena pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento āhutiṃ yiṭṭhukāmohantiādimāha. Tattha āhutinti annapānādianekavidhaṃ pūjāsakkārūpakaraṇaṃ. Yiṭṭhukāmoti yajitukāmo, dānaṃ dātukāmo ahaṃ. Paṭiyādetvāna bhojananti āhāraṃ paṭiyādetvā nipphādetvā. Brāhmaṇe paṭimānentoti paṭiggāhake suddhapabbajite pariyesanto. Visāle māḷake ṭhitoti parisuddhapaṇḍarapulinatalābhirāme vipule māḷake ṭhito.
125-7 在“那时我见到了正自觉者”等偈颂中:我见到了名为喜见的正自觉者,他名声远扬,随从众多,能引导、调伏一切众生界,是杰出的导师,能使众生到达涅槃;他是自生者,不依师而自成,是最崇高、最殊胜的人,是具足吉祥等功德的世尊;他光辉灿烂,具足青、黄等光芒,被声闻弟子前后围绕,如太阳般照耀、放光,正走在街道上。此处义理如此连贯。「我高举合掌」:我合掌高举至头顶,令心对如此状态的世尊的功德生起净信。「我以心意邀请」:我于内心发出邀请。「大牟尼请来」:应受供养、值得恭敬的牟尼、世尊,请您来到我的住处。显示巴利原文
125-7.Athaddasāsiṃ sambuddhantiādīsu mahāyasaṃ mahāparivāraṃ sabbalokaṃ sakalasattalokaṃ vinetānaṃ visesena netāraṃ nibbānasampāpakaṃ sayambhuṃ sayameva bhūtaṃ anācariyakaṃ aggapuggalaṃ seṭṭhapuggalaṃ bhagavantaṃ bhagyavantādiguṇayuttaṃ jutimantaṃ nīlapītādipabhāsampannaṃ sāvakehi purakkhataṃ parivāritaṃ ādiccamiva sūriyamiva rocantaṃ sobhamānaṃ rathiyaṃ vīthiyaṃ paṭipannakaṃ gacchantaṃ piyadassiṃ nāma sambuddhaṃ addasinti sambandho. Añjaliṃ paggahetvānāti bandhañjalipuṭaṃ sirasi katvā sakaṃ cittaṃ attano cittaṃ pasādayiṃ itthambhūtassa bhagavato guṇe pasādesiṃ pasannamakāsinti attho. Manasāva nimantesinti cittena pavāresiṃ. Āgacchatu mahāmunīti mahito pūjāraho muni bhagavā mama nivesanaṃ āgacchatu.
128 「知我意图」:了知我的心意之后,那位世间与众生界中无上的导师——无有更上的——由上千位漏尽阿拉汉围绕,来到我家门前。显示巴利原文
128.Mama saṅkappamaññāyāti mayhaṃ cittasaṅkappaṃ ñatvā loke sattaloke anuttaro uttaravirahito satthā khīṇāsavasahassehi arahantasahassehi parivuto mama dvāraṃ mayhaṃ gehadvāraṃ upāgami sampāpuṇi.
129 当导师到来时,我这样向他致敬:「人中的骏马」:指人中的骏马、最胜者,愿我的礼敬归于您。「人中的最上者」:指具有卓越功德、人中至高无上者,愿我的礼敬归于您。请登上令我生起净信的殿堂——也就是我的住所——安坐于狮子座、那最上的座位。这是恳请的意思。显示巴利原文
129. Tassa sampattassa satthuno evaṃ namakkāramakāsiṃ. Purisājañña purisānaṃ ājañña, seṭṭha, mama namakkāro te tuyhaṃ atthu bhavatu. Purisuttama purisānaṃ uttama adhikaguṇavisiṭṭha te tuyhaṃ mama namakkāro atthu. Pāsādaṃ pasādajanakaṃ mama nivesanaṃ abhiruhitvā sīhāsane uttamāsane nisīdatanti āyācinti attho.
130 「已调御,以已调御者为眷属」:意指自身已通过身、语、意三门调御,且被同样调御的四众——即比丘、比丘尼、近事男、近事女——所围绕。「已渡越,是渡者中最胜者」:自身已渡越轮回,出离轮回,在能渡与正渡的殊胜者中,为最上者。世尊因我的崇敬,登上殿堂,于最胜、最上的座位安然坐下。显示巴利原文
130.Danto dantaparivāroti sayaṃ dvārattayena danto tathā dantāhi bhikkhubhikkhunīupāsakaupāsikāsaṅkhātāhi catūhi parisāhi parivārito. Tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varoti sayaṃ tiṇṇo saṃsārato uttiṇṇo nikkhanto tārayataṃ tārayantānaṃ visiṭṭhapuggalānaṃ varo uttamo bhagavā mamārādhanena pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā pavarāsane uttamāsane nisīdi nisajjaṃ kappesi.
131 「凡我家中自有」:指在自己家中,凡有的已准备、已办好、已积聚的食物。「我以此供养佛足」:我将那些食物供养佛陀,也就是供养以佛陀为首的僧团,是以恭敬、殷重的方式作供养。「以净信亲手」:自己以净信心,用双手取食,亲手供养。显示巴利原文
131.Yaṃ me atthi sake geheti attano gehe yaṃ āmisaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ sampāditaṃ rāsikataṃ atthi. Tāhaṃ buddhassa pādāsinti buddhassa buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa taṃ āmisaṃ pādāsiṃ pa-kārena ādarena vā adāsinti attho. Pasanno sehi pāṇibhīti attano dvīhi hatthehi passannacitto gahetvā pādāsinti attho.
132 “净信心”:指内心与意向已变得澄净;“善意”:指美好的心意。他生起了感受、知晓与喜悦,合掌置于头顶:“我敬礼最胜佛”,即向最胜的佛陀致敬。“啊,佛陀之伟大!”——这是已通达四圣谛的导师的伟大、殊胜,啊,真是稀有难得!显示巴利原文
132.Pasannacitto pasāditamanasaṅkappo sumano sundaramano. Vedajāto jātavedo uppannasomanasso katañjalī sirasi ṭhapitaañjalipuṭo buddhaseṭṭhaṃ namassāmi seṭṭhassa buddhassa paṇāmaṃ karomīti attho. Aho buddhassuḷāratāti paṭividdhacatusaccassa satthuno uḷāratā mahantabhāvo aho acchariyanti attho.
133 “于八近侍”:在亲近承事、正在用餐的八位圣者中间,大多是漏尽的阿拉汉,这是其含义。“此威力只属于你”:这个能在空中行走、浮出和潜入等的威力,只属于你,唯独是你的威力,不属于其他人。“我皈依彼”:我皈依如此状态的你——你是皈依、救护、庇护与彼岸,我走向你、皈依你,或了知你,这是其含义。显示巴利原文
133.Aṭṭhannaṃpayirūpāsatanti payirupāsantānaṃ bhuñjaṃ bhuñjantānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ ariyapuggalānaṃ antare khīṇāsavā arahantova bahūti attho. Tuyheveso ānubhāvoti eso ākāsacaraṇaummujjananimujjanādiānubhāvo tuyheva tuyhaṃ eva ānubhāvo, nāññesaṃ. Saraṇaṃ taṃ upemahanti taṃ itthambhūtaṃ tuvaṃ saraṇaṃ tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ parāyananti upemi gacchāmi jānāmi vāti attho.
134 “世间最胜者、人牛王、喜见佛世尊,坐于比丘僧团之中,宣说了这些记说偈颂”:意思是,他这样讲述。其余内容容易了知。显示巴利原文
134. Lokajeṭṭho narāsabho piyadassī bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisīditvā imā byākaraṇagāthā abhāsatha kathesīti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.