12. 二、再下降品
(12) 2. Paccorohaṇivaggo
1-4. 第一非正法经等的注释
1-4. Paṭhamaadhammasuttādivaṇṇanā
113-6第113至116经。第二经的第一、第二句义理清楚。第三句,“知者了知”:指以一切知智,确实了知一切所应知。因为安住于部分智的人,并不能了知一切所应知。通过殊胜的表达与无简别的把握,“知”一字总摄了无余的所知范畴,因此,与此相应的认知活动,唯有以一切知智为因方为合理;而且,依据上下文,以及‘世尊’一词的邻近安立,此义便得以阐明。“见者确见所应见”:指以被称作天眼、慧眼、法眼、佛眼、遍眼的各类智眼,确实见到那应当被见的。或者,另一种解释:“知者了知”:其他那些有颠倒的人,即便是自称遍知欲与色的论者,他们在认知时也因颠倒力而认知有误;世尊并非如此。世尊已断除了颠倒,所以认知时便是确实的认知;由于没有邪见之见,看见时便是确实的看见。这是要义。“如眼般成就”:指在引导见的作用方面,如同眼一般成就。正如眼睛引导、成就众生的视觉功能,同样,由于成就了对世间的如实见,也由于引导并完成了见的任务,所以‘如眼般成就’;或者,因为他自身就是慧眼,又或者通过自生智而成就、证得了慧眼,故称为‘成就眼者’。
113-6. Dutiyassa paṭhamadutiyāni uttānatthāni. Tatiye jānaṃ jānātīti sabbaññutaññāṇena jānitabbaṃ sabbaṃ jānāti eva. Na hi padesañāṇe ṭhito jānitabbaṃ sabbaṃ jānāti. Ukkaṭṭhaniddesena hi avisesaggahaṇena ca ‘‘jāna’’nti iminā niravasesaṃ ñeyyajātaṃ pariggayhatīti tabbisayāya jānanakiriyāya sabbaññutaññāṇameva karaṇaṃ bhavituṃ yuttaṃ, pakaraṇavasena ‘‘bhagavā’’ti saddantarasannidhānena ca ayamattho vibhāvetabbo. Passitabbameva passatīti dibbacakkhupaññācakkhudhammacakkhubuddhacakkhusamantacakkhusaṅkhātehi ñāṇacakkhūhi passitabbaṃ passati eva. Atha vā jānaṃ jānātīti yathā aññe savipallāsā kāmarūpapariññāvādino jānantāpi vipallāsavasena jānanti, na evaṃ bhagavā. Bhagavā pana pahīnavipallāsattā jānanto jānāti eva, diṭṭhidassanassa abhāvā passanto passatiyevāti attho. Cakkhu viya bhūtoti dassanapariṇāyakaṭṭhena cakkhu viya bhūto. Yathā hi cakkhu sattānaṃ dassanatthaṃ pariṇeti sādheti, evaṃ lokassa yāthāvadassanasādhanatopi dassanakiccapariṇāyakaṭṭhena cakkhu viya bhūto, paññācakkhumayattā vā sayambhuñāṇena paññācakkhuṃ bhūto pattoti vā cakkhubhūto.
「智自性」:因其能令人了知,故说为智之自性。以不颠倒的自性而言,或由教法的流传,或经心中思惟后以言语宣说而成为法,因此是「法之成为者」,故说「法自性」。又或者,「法」指菩提分法,由于那些法已在他身上生起,且他也令世间生起那些法;又或者因为他证得了不与其余人共通的独特法,所以是「法之成为者」。以最殊胜的意义,是「梵之成为者」,故说「最胜自性」。又或者,「梵」是指道,此道已生起,且他令世间生起此道,更以自生智证得,所以是「梵之成为者」。他演说四谛法,所以是「说者」。他长久宣说,使真理通达,所以是「转者」。他抽释义理:把苦等含义,乃至其中逼迫等义都提取出来;或者引导至究竟义即涅槃,使其趣入,所以是「引导者」。通过教授证得不死的行道,令众生产生不死之证悟,他赐予不死,所以是「授予不死者」。因为菩提分法都归属于他,所以是「法主」。第四句没有其他需解释的了。
Ñāṇasabhāvoti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena ñāṇasabhāvo. Aviparītasabhāvaṭṭhena pariyattidhammappavattanato vā hadayena cintetvā vācāya nicchāritadhammamayoti dhammabhūto. Tenāha ‘‘dhammasabhāvo’’ti. Dhammā vā bodhipakkhiyā tehi uppannattā lokassa ca taduppādanato, anaññasādhāraṇaṃ vā dhammaṃ patto adhigatoti dhammabhūto. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena brahmabhūtoti āha ‘‘seṭṭhasabhāvo’’ti. Atha vā brahmā vuccati maggo, tena uppannattā lokassa ca taduppādanato, tañca sayambhuñāṇena pattoti brahmabhūto. Catusaccadhammaṃ vadatīti vattā. Ciraṃ saccappaṭivedhaṃ pavattento vadatīti pavattā. Atthaṃ nīharitvāti dukkhādiatthaṃ tatthāpi pīḷanādiatthaṃ uddharitvā. Paramatthaṃ vā nibbānaṃ pāpayitā ninnetā. Amatādhigamapaṭipattidesanāya amatasacchikiriyaṃ sattesu uppādento amataṃ dadātīti amatassa dātā. Bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ tadāyattabhāvato dhammasāmī. Catutthe natthi vattabbaṃ.
5-42. 伤歌逻经等的注释
5-42. Saṅgāravasuttādivaṇṇanā
117-154117-154. 第五经中,「少」:指少量、不多。而「此其余的众生」:是指那些剩下的众生,他们只追逐有身见,其实这才是更多的,这是要义。「于善说」:指于正确开示、善巧宣说的法中。「于法」:指于你所开示的法。「法随转者」:指听闻该法后,完成了与之相应的行道,通过亲证道果而成为法的随转者。「是死魔的住处」:指成了名为烦恼魔的死魔所栖居之处。「将渡过极难度,到达彼岸」:那些成为法随转者的人,将会渡过并超越这极难渡越的魔域,到达涅槃彼岸。
117-154. Pañcame appakāti thokā, na bahū. Athāyaṃ itarā pajāti yā panāyaṃ avasesā pajā sakkāyadiṭṭhitīrameva anudhāvati, ayameva bahutarāti attho. Sammadakkhāteti sammā akkhāte sukathite. Dhammeti tava desanādhamme. Dhammānuvattinoti taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tadanucchavikaṃ paṭipadaṃ pūretvā maggaphalasacchikaraṇena dhammānuvattino. Maccuno ṭhānabhūtanti kilesamārasaṅkhātassa maccuno nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ. Suduttaraṃ taritvā pāramessantīti ye janā dhammānuvattino, te etaṃ suduttaraṃ duratikkamaṃ māradheyyaṃ taritvā atikkamitvā nibbānapāraṃ gamissanti.
「舍弃黑法」:即舍离以身恶行等为类别的不善法。「应修习白法」:有智慧的比丘从出家开始,直至阿拉汉道,都应修习以身善行等为类别的白法。「从家到无家」:「家」意指爱著,「无家」意指无爱著。从爱著中出离,以名为无爱著的涅槃为所缘,专注趣向它。
Kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ vippahāyāti kāyaduccaritādibhedaṃ akusalaṃ dhammaṃ jahitvā. Sukkaṃ bhāvethāti paṇḍito bhikkhu abhinikkhamanato paṭṭhāya yāva arahattamaggā kāyasucaritādibhedaṃ sukkaṃ dhammaṃ bhāveyya. Okā anokamāgammāti okaṃ vuccati ālayo, anokaṃ vuccati anālayo. Ālayato nikkhamitvā anālayasaṅkhātaṃ nibbānaṃ paṭicca ārabbha.
“他应于彼处欣求乐”的意思是:在那称为无爱着的远离、涅槃之处,众生于此难得其乐,他应于彼处欣求该乐。“于二种欲”即指事欲与烦恼欲。“以心之尘秽”是指以五盖来清净自心,令之遍净,也就是彻底净化的意思。
Tatrābhiratimiccheyyāti yasmiṃ anālayasaṅkhāte viveke nibbāne imehi sattehi durabhiramaṃ, tatrābhiratimiccheyya. Duvidhepi kāmeti vatthukāmakilesakāme. Cittaklesehīti pañcahi nīvaraṇehi attānaṃ pariyodapeyya vodāpeyya, parisodheyyāti attho.
“于正觉支”是指于七觉支上用功。“正确地善修习心”是说以正确的原因和方法,善巧修习、增长其心。“具光辉者”即具足威光者,意谓以阿拉汉道智的光辉照亮蕴等诸法而住。“他们于此世间已般涅槃”是说:他们在这蕴等世间,称为已般涅槃。从证得阿拉汉果开始,因烦恼轮转已灭尽,此为有余依般涅槃;至最后心识息灭,因蕴的轮转彻底灭尽,此为无余依般涅槃。透过这两种涅槃而般涅槃,犹如灯焰耗尽了油而熄灭,进入了不可记说的状态。
Sambodhiyaṅgesūti sambojjhaṅgesu. Sammā cittaṃ subhāvitanti sammā hetunā nayena cittaṃ suṭṭhu bhāvitaṃ vaḍḍhitaṃ. Jutimantoti ānubhāvavanto, arahattamaggañāṇajutiyā khandhādibhede dhamme jotetvā ṭhitāti attho. Te loke parinibbutāti te imasmiṃ khandhādiloke parinibbutā nāma arahattappattito paṭṭhāya kilesavaṭṭassa khepitattā saupādisesena, carimacittanirodhena khandhavaṭṭassa khepitattā anupādisesena cāti dvīhi parinibbānehi parinibbutā, anupādāno viya padīpo apaṇṇattikabhāvaṃ gatāti attho.
从这里开始,一直到第三组五十经的部分,意义都很浅显明白。
Ito paraṃ yāva tatiyo paṇṇāsako, tāva uttānatthameva.
第四组五十经
4. Catutthapaṇṇāsakaṃ
155-166第四组的第一品(第155至166经),其义自明。
155-166. Catutthassa paṭhamavaggo uttānatthoyeva.
婆罗门再下降经等经典的注释
1-44. Brāhmaṇapaccorohaṇīsuttādivaṇṇanā
167-210第二经等,亦如第一经等,其义明了。第十经中,“后地住者”意指居住于边地之人。“水藻花环者”,即清晨沉入水中,采撷水藻与青莲等,编为花环佩戴,藉此了知自身以水净化的状态,并为了解“世间由水得清净”之义而以此为要旨之人。“入水者”,指于清晨、正午、黄昏三时入水之人。故经中说:“致力于黄昏时第三次入水的修行。”第十一经等,其义明了。于第四五十篇中,无有需解之处。
167-210. Dutiye ca paṭhamādīni uttānatthāni. Dasame pacchābhūmivāsinoti paccantadesavāsino. Sevālamālikāti pātova udakaṃ orohitvā sevālañceva uppalādīni ca gahetvā attano udakasuddhikabhāvajānanatthañceva ‘‘lokassa ca udakena suddhi hotī’’ti imassa atthassa jānanatthañca mālaṃ katvā pilandhanakā. Udakorohakāti pāto majjhanhe sāyanhe ca udakaorohaṇakā. Tenāha ‘‘sāyatatiyakaṃ udakorohaṇānuyogamanuyuttā’’ti. Ekādasamādīni uttānatthāni. Catutthe paṇṇāsake natthi vattabbaṃ.