第七 天神品
7. Devatāvaggo
1-3. 不来果经等的注释
1-3. Anāgāmiphalasuttādivaṇṇanā
65-6765-67. 第七品中的第一经等,其义易解。第三经中,「增上正行」是指存在于最上正行中的,即关于仪轨行持的轨则。因此说「是最上正行故」等。「有学施设之戒」即依有学而施设的戒。
65-67. Sattamassa paṭhamādīni uttānatthāni. Tatiye abhisamācāre uttamasamācāre bhavaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ, vattappaṭipattivattaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘uttamasamācārabhūta’’ntiādi. Sekhapaṇṇattisīlanti sekhiyavasena paññattasīlaṃ.
4-5. 喜聚会经等的注释
4-5. Saṅgaṇikārāmasuttādivaṇṇanā
68-6968-69. 第四经中,与群体一起会合、集合,称为「众聚会」。这种众聚会具有应被乐住的特性,对他来说便是乐园,所以称为「喜众聚会者」。或者,「聚会」是指与自己徒众的会合;「群众」是指与各种人的会合。此处其余内容容易理解。第五经含义明了。
68-69. Catutthe gaṇena saṅgaṇaṃ samodhānaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikā, sā āramitabbaṭṭhena ārāmo etassāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikārāmo. Saṅgaṇikāti vā sakaparisasamodhānaṃ. Gaṇoti nānājanasamodhānaṃ. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva. Pañcamaṃ uttānatthameva.
6. 定经的注释
6. Samādhisuttavaṇṇanā
7070. 第六经中,「止息」(paṭippassambhana)与「止息」(paṭippassaddhi)意义相同,因此说:「并非已获得止息的人,是指未获得烦恼止息的人」。在白分方面,所谓「寂静故」等:由于诸支寂静、所缘寂静以及一切烦恼寂静而称为「寂静」;由于无热恼之义而称为「殊胜」;因为已获得烦恼的止息,或已达烦恼止息的状态而称为「已得止息者」;因已寂静烦恼的阿拉汉所证得而称为「已得止息者」;由心一境性的禅那所证得而称为「已得心止者」——应如此了知其中之义。
70. Chaṭṭhe paṭippassambhanaṃ paṭippassaddhīti atthato ekanti āha ‘‘na paṭippassaddhiladdhenāti kilesappaṭippassaddhiyā aladdhenā’’ti. Sukkapakkhe santenātiādīsu aṅgasantatāya ārammaṇasantatāya sabbakilesasantatāya ca santena, atappaniyaṭṭhena paṇītena, kilesappaṭippassaddhiyā laddhattā, kilesappaṭippassaddhibhāvaṃ vā laddhattā paṭippassaddhiladdhena, passaddhikilesena vā arahatā laddhattā paṭippassaddhiladdhena, ekodibhāvena adhigatattā ekodibhāvādhigatenāti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.
7-10. 《能证经》等的注释
7-10. Sakkhibhabbasuttādivaṇṇanā
71-74于第七经中,「于各各殊胜」是指在各各应现证的殊胜法上。因能为了现证、为了亲见而成就,故称「能证者」;其性质即是「能证性」,亦即能证的能力。「当有念处时」,指当有念的因缘时。其中,何为因?神通、神通的基础禅那,或最后第六神通的阿拉汉果可作为因,又或阿拉汉果的观亦可作为因,应如此了知。须知,于各处所说能证性的种种神变体验等,是以神通为因的。若种种神变体验等即是神通本身,则神通的基础禅那为因。同样,若有「我何时方能证入安住彼境界」的渴望,并于无上解脱中建立此向往,从而令第六神通生起,则阿拉汉果亦为其因。然此并非遍通一切情形;就共通而言,阿拉汉果的观是为因。又或可理解为:在各殊胜证得之近因所摄的因上,有念现前——应如此看待此处之义。
71-74. Sattame tasmiṃ tasmiṃ viseseti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sacchikātabbe visese. Sakkhibhāvāya paccakkhakāritāya bhabbo sakkhibhabbo, tassa bhāvo sakkhibhabbatā. Taṃ sakkhibhabbataṃ. Sati satiāyataneti sati satikāraṇe. Kiñcettha kāraṇaṃ? Abhiññā vā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ vā, avasāne pana chaṭṭhābhiññāya arahattaṃ vā kāraṇaṃ, arahattassa vipassanā vāti veditabbaṃ. Yañhi taṃ tatra tatra sakkhibhabbatāsaṅkhātaṃ iddhividhapaccanubhavanādi, tassa abhiññā kāraṇaṃ. Atha iddhividhapaccanubhavanādi abhiññā, evaṃ sati abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ. Arahattampi ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti anuttaresu vimokkhesu pihaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā chaṭṭhābhiññaṃ nibbattentassa kāraṇaṃ. Idañca sabbasādhāraṇaṃ na hoti, sādhāraṇavasena pana arahattassa vipassanā kāraṇaṃ. Atha vā sati āyataneti tassa tassa visesādhigamassa upanissayasaṅkhāte kāraṇe satīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
于退分等中,当依此准则理解其义:广说一切等至后,如《分别论》799所说:「对初禅证得者,与欲俱行之想与作意现前,为退分定。随顺其法之念安住时,为住分定。与无寻俱行之想与作意现前,为胜进分定。与厌离俱行之想与作意现前,与离贪相应,为抉择分定。」此处,「初禅证得者」是指初禅尚未纯熟而证得者。「与欲俱行之想与作意现前」:他从定中出定后,由所缘的关系,那些与欲俱行的想与作意现起并困扰他。对于已超越欲的人,因这些跳回欲界的想与作意的作用,其初禅定便会衰退退失,故称退分。「随顺其法」:指与初禅相适应的状态。「念安住」:是对治邪念而说。若有人见初禅寂静殊胜,便对其感到满意、欢喜而生爱着,则因爱着之力,其初禅定既不衰退亦不增长,处于停住状态,故说此为住分定。「与无寻俱行」:当有人将无寻的第二禅思惟为寂静殊胜时,由所缘的关系,其想与作意便与无寻俱行。「想与作意现前」:他从纯熟的初禅出定后,为了……
Hānabhāgiyādīsu ‘‘paṭhamajjhānassa lābhiṃ kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti, hānabhāgiyo samādhi. Tadanudhammatā sati santiṭṭhati, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi. Avitakkasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti, visesabhāgiyo samādhi. Nibbidāsahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti virāgūpasaṃhitā, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhī’’ti (vibha. 799) iminā nayena sabbasamāpattiyo vitthāretvā hānabhāgiyādiattho veditabbo. Tattha paṭhamajjhānassa lābhinti yvāyaṃ appaguṇassa paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī, taṃ. Kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācarantīti tato vuṭṭhitaṃ ārammaṇavasena kāmasahagatā hutvā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti tudanti, tassa kāmānatītassa kāmānupakkhandānaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi hāyati parihāyati, tasmā hānabhāgiyo vutto. Tadanudhammatāti tadanurūpasabhāvo. Sati santiṭṭhatīti idaṃ micchāsatiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yassa hi paṭhamajjhānānurūpasabhāvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ santato paṇītato disvā assādayamānā abhinandamānā nikanti hoti, tassa nikantivasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi neva hāyati na vaḍḍhati, ṭhitikoṭṭhāsiko hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhī’’ti. Avitakkasahagatāti avitakkaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ santato paṇītato manasikaroto ārammaṇavasena avitakkasahagatā. Saññāmanasikārā samudācarantīti paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhitaṃ dutiyajjhānādhigamatthāya codenti tudanti. Tassa upari dutiyajjhānānupakkhandānaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi visesabhūtassa dutiyajjhānassa uppattipadaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘visesabhāgiyo’’ti vutto.
「与厌离俱行」:即与那名为厌离的观智俱行,此观智是该初禅证得者从禅那出定后生起的。观智以分别的方式现起诸禅支时,会感到厌离、不乐,故称「厌离」。「现前」:指这些心所为作证涅槃而策励、推动。「与离贪相应」:即与名为离贪的涅槃相应。因为观智会如此转起:『我能藉由此道现证离贪,即涅槃』,故说与离贪相应。与彼观智相应的想与作意,也自然称为与离贪相应。由这些想与作意的作用,此初禅定成为通达圣道的基础,故称抉择分。所谓退分,即倾向退失,或说此类人有退失的成分,亦即退失的一部分,是其义。依此类推,住分等亦应如此理解。第八以下诸经之义浅显易懂。
Nibbidāsahagatāti tameva paṭhamajjhānalābhiṃ jhānato vuṭṭhitaṃ nibbidāsaṅkhātena vipassanāñāṇena sahagatā. Vipassanāñāṇañhi jhānaṅgesu pabhedena upaṭṭhahantesu nibbindati ukkaṇṭhati, tasmā ‘‘nibbidā’’ti vuccati. Samudācarantīti nibbānasacchikiriyatthāya codenti tudanti. Virāgūpasaṃhitāti virāgasaṅkhātena nibbānena upasaṃhitā. Vipassanāñāṇañhi sakkā iminā maggena virāgaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikātunti pavattito ‘‘virāgūpasaṃhita’’nti vuccati. Taṃsampayuttā saññāmanasikārā virāgūpasaṃhitā eva nāma. Tassa tesaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena paṭhamajjhānasamādhi ariyamaggappaṭivedhassa padaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘nibbedhabhāgiyo’’ti vutto. Hānaṃ bhajantīti hānabhāgiyā, hānabhāgo vā etesaṃ atthīti hānabhāgiyā, parihānakoṭṭhāsikāti attho. Iminā nayena ṭhitibhāgiyo veditabbo. Aṭṭhamādīni uttānatthāneva.