1-3. 《不来果经》等的注释
1-3. Anāgāmiphalasuttādivaṇṇanā
65-6765-67. 第七品的第一经等,含义浅显易懂。第三经中,关于“增上正行”,存在于最上正行之中的,就是属于增上正行的,也就是仪轨行持的轨则。因此说“是最上正行”等。“有学施设之戒”就是依有学而施设的戒。
65-67. Sattamassa paṭhamādīni uttānatthāni. Tatiye abhisamācāre uttamasamācāre bhavaṃ ābhisamācārikaṃ, vattappaṭipattivattaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘uttamasamācārabhūta’’ntiādi. Sekhapaṇṇattisīlanti sekhiyavasena paññattasīlaṃ.
第4到第5经:喜欢聚会的经等之注释
4-5. Saṅgaṇikārāmasuttādivaṇṇanā
68-6968-69. 在第四经中,和众人聚在一起、会合到一起,就叫“众聚会”。这种众聚会具有值得享受的性质,对这个人来说就是乐园,所以叫“喜众聚会者”。或者,“聚会”是指和自己随从的人会合;“众人”是指和各种不同的人会合。这里剩下的内容很容易理解。第五经的意思也很浅显明白。
68-69. Catutthe gaṇena saṅgaṇaṃ samodhānaṃ gaṇasaṅgaṇikā, sā āramitabbaṭṭhena ārāmo etassāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikārāmo. Saṅgaṇikāti vā sakaparisasamodhānaṃ. Gaṇoti nānājanasamodhānaṃ. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva. Pañcamaṃ uttānatthameva.
第6经 定经的注释
6. Samādhisuttavaṇṇanā
70第六经中,止息与止息在意义上是一样的,所以说“并非已获得止息的人”,意思是没有获得烦恼止息的人。在白分方面,所谓“寂静故”等句中:由于诸支寂静、所缘寂静以及一切烦恼寂静而称为寂静;由于没有热恼之义而称为殊胜;因为已获得烦恼的止息,或者因为已达到烦恼止息的状态,而称为已得止息者;或者因为烦恼已寂静的阿拉汉所证得,而称为已得止息者;因为由心一境性所证得,而称为已得心一境性者——应当这样理解其中的含义。
70. Chaṭṭhe paṭippassambhanaṃ paṭippassaddhīti atthato ekanti āha ‘‘na paṭippassaddhiladdhenāti kilesappaṭippassaddhiyā aladdhenā’’ti. Sukkapakkhe santenātiādīsu aṅgasantatāya ārammaṇasantatāya sabbakilesasantatāya ca santena, atappaniyaṭṭhena paṇītena, kilesappaṭippassaddhiyā laddhattā, kilesappaṭippassaddhibhāvaṃ vā laddhattā paṭippassaddhiladdhena, passaddhikilesena vā arahatā laddhattā paṭippassaddhiladdhena, ekodibhāvena adhigatattā ekodibhāvādhigatenāti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.
7-10. 《能证经》等的注释
7-10. Sakkhibhabbasuttādivaṇṇanā
71-7471-74. 在第七经中,“于各各殊胜”是指在各个应当亲证的殊胜境界上。因为能够现证、能够亲自体验,所以称为“能证者”;这种状态就是“能证性”,也就是能证的能力。“当有念处时”,是指在有念的因缘时。这里什么是因呢?应当知道,神通、作为神通基础的禅那,或者最终第六神通即阿罗汉果,都可以是因;阿罗汉果的观也可以是因。也就是说,在各地所说的被称为能证性的种种神变体验等,是以神通为因的。如果种种神变体验等本身就是神通,那么在这种情况下,作为神通基础的禅那就是因。同样,当有人生起“我什么时候才能证入并安住于那个境界”的渴望,在无上解脱中建立这样的向往,从而生起第六神通时,阿罗汉果也是因。不过这并不是适用于一切情况的;就共通而言,阿罗汉果的观是因。或者也可以这样理解:在各自殊胜证得的近因所摄的因上,有念现前——应当这样看待这里的含义。
71-74. Sattame tasmiṃ tasmiṃ viseseti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sacchikātabbe visese. Sakkhibhāvāya paccakkhakāritāya bhabbo sakkhibhabbo, tassa bhāvo sakkhibhabbatā. Taṃ sakkhibhabbataṃ. Sati satiāyataneti sati satikāraṇe. Kiñcettha kāraṇaṃ? Abhiññā vā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ vā, avasāne pana chaṭṭhābhiññāya arahattaṃ vā kāraṇaṃ, arahattassa vipassanā vāti veditabbaṃ. Yañhi taṃ tatra tatra sakkhibhabbatāsaṅkhātaṃ iddhividhapaccanubhavanādi, tassa abhiññā kāraṇaṃ. Atha iddhividhapaccanubhavanādi abhiññā, evaṃ sati abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ. Arahattampi ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti anuttaresu vimokkhesu pihaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā chaṭṭhābhiññaṃ nibbattentassa kāraṇaṃ. Idañca sabbasādhāraṇaṃ na hoti, sādhāraṇavasena pana arahattassa vipassanā kāraṇaṃ. Atha vā sati āyataneti tassa tassa visesādhigamassa upanissayasaṅkhāte kāraṇe satīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
对于退分等的情况,应当依照这样的方式,把一切等至详细展开后,再来理解退分等的含义。其中,“初禅的证得者”,指的是初禅还不熟练而证得初禅的人。“与欲俱行的想与作意现前”,是说从初禅出定后,由于所缘的关系,那些想与作意变成与欲俱行而现前,逼迫他。对于尚未超越欲的人来说,因为那些跳回欲界的想与作意的作用,他的初禅定就衰退、退失,所以说是退分。“随顺其法”,指与初禅相应的状态。“念安住”,这是针对邪念而说的。如果有人看见初禅寂静、殊胜,就享受它、欢喜它,生起贪着,那么因为贪着的力量,他的初禅定既不衰退也不增长,停留在原地,所以说这是住分定。“与无寻俱行”,是指把无寻的第二禅思惟为寂静、殊胜时,由于所缘的关系,想与作意就与无寻俱行。“想与作意现前”,是说从熟练的初禅出定后,为了证得第二禅,这些想与作意催促他、逼迫他。对于他来说,因为那些向上朝向第二禅的想与作意的作用,他的初禅定成为殊胜的第二禅生起的立足处,所以说是胜进分。
Hānabhāgiyādīsu ‘‘paṭhamajjhānassa lābhiṃ kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti, hānabhāgiyo samādhi. Tadanudhammatā sati santiṭṭhati, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi. Avitakkasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti, visesabhāgiyo samādhi. Nibbidāsahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti virāgūpasaṃhitā, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhī’’ti (vibha. 799) iminā nayena sabbasamāpattiyo vitthāretvā hānabhāgiyādiattho veditabbo. Tattha paṭhamajjhānassa lābhinti yvāyaṃ appaguṇassa paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī, taṃ. Kāmasahagatā saññāmanasikārā samudācarantīti tato vuṭṭhitaṃ ārammaṇavasena kāmasahagatā hutvā saññāmanasikārā samudācaranti tudanti, tassa kāmānatītassa kāmānupakkhandānaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi hāyati parihāyati, tasmā hānabhāgiyo vutto. Tadanudhammatāti tadanurūpasabhāvo. Sati santiṭṭhatīti idaṃ micchāsatiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yassa hi paṭhamajjhānānurūpasabhāvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ santato paṇītato disvā assādayamānā abhinandamānā nikanti hoti, tassa nikantivasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi neva hāyati na vaḍḍhati, ṭhitikoṭṭhāsiko hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhī’’ti. Avitakkasahagatāti avitakkaṃ dutiyajjhānaṃ santato paṇītato manasikaroto ārammaṇavasena avitakkasahagatā. Saññāmanasikārā samudācarantīti paguṇapaṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhitaṃ dutiyajjhānādhigamatthāya codenti tudanti. Tassa upari dutiyajjhānānupakkhandānaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena so paṭhamajjhānasamādhi visesabhūtassa dutiyajjhānassa uppattipadaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘visesabhāgiyo’’ti vutto.
与厌离俱行:这里的厌离,是指那位初禅的证得者从禅那出定后,与被称为厌离的观智一同生起。因为当观智以分别禅支的方式现起时,他会厌离、不乐,所以称为厌离。现前:为了作证涅槃而策励、推动。与离贪相应:与被称为离贪的涅槃相应。因为观智是这样转起的:我能通过这条道现证离贪,也就是涅槃,所以说与离贪相应。与那观智相应的想和作意,也叫做与离贪相应。由于这些想和作意的作用,初禅定成为通达圣道的基础,所以称为抉择分。退分:就是倾向退失,或者说这些人有退失的成分,也就是退失的一部分,这是它的意思。按照同样的方式,应当理解住分等。第八经以下的内容,含义都很浅显易懂。
Nibbidāsahagatāti tameva paṭhamajjhānalābhiṃ jhānato vuṭṭhitaṃ nibbidāsaṅkhātena vipassanāñāṇena sahagatā. Vipassanāñāṇañhi jhānaṅgesu pabhedena upaṭṭhahantesu nibbindati ukkaṇṭhati, tasmā ‘‘nibbidā’’ti vuccati. Samudācarantīti nibbānasacchikiriyatthāya codenti tudanti. Virāgūpasaṃhitāti virāgasaṅkhātena nibbānena upasaṃhitā. Vipassanāñāṇañhi sakkā iminā maggena virāgaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikātunti pavattito ‘‘virāgūpasaṃhita’’nti vuccati. Taṃsampayuttā saññāmanasikārā virāgūpasaṃhitā eva nāma. Tassa tesaṃ saññāmanasikārānaṃ vasena paṭhamajjhānasamādhi ariyamaggappaṭivedhassa padaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘nibbedhabhāgiyo’’ti vutto. Hānaṃ bhajantīti hānabhāgiyā, hānabhāgo vā etesaṃ atthīti hānabhāgiyā, parihānakoṭṭhāsikāti attho. Iminā nayena ṭhitibhāgiyo veditabbo. Aṭṭhamādīni uttānatthāneva.