(22) 第二 骂詈品
(22) 2. Akkosakavaggo
第一 骂詈经释义
1. Akkosakasuttavaṇṇanā
211第二篇第一经中,「辱骂者与恐吓者」:指以十种辱骂事进行辱骂,以显示恐怖而恐吓的人。「已断除障碍者」:因断除了出世间的障碍,故称已断除障碍者。「疾病」:指疾病本身,因其会导致困苦的生活,故名疾病。
211. Dutiyassa paṭhame akkosakaparibhāsakoti dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosako, bhayadassanena paribhāsako. Chinnaparipanthoti lokuttaraparipanthassa chinnattā chinnaparipantho. Rogātaṅkanti rogoyeva kicchajīvikāyāvahanato rogātaṅko nāma.
第二 诤论者经释义
2. Bhaṇḍanakārakasuttavaṇṇanā
212第二经中,「诉讼制造者」:指四种诉讼中任何一种的制造者。「未得者」:指先前未曾获得的殊胜。
212. Dutiye adhikaraṇakārakoti catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ aññatarassa kārako. Anadhigatanti pubbe appattavisesaṃ.
第三 戒经释义
3. Sīlasuttavaṇṇanā
213第三经中,「无戒者」:即没有戒、舍弃戒的人。「戒坏失者」:戒已坏失、防护破损的人。「因放逸而致」:以放逸为原因。这部经虽然针对在家众宣说,但出家人同样适用。在家者无论以何种技能谋生,务农也好,经商也罢,若因杀生等而放逸,便不能按时完成应做之事,从而折损本钱。即便不在屠宰时节,若仍行杀生、不与取等事,也会因遭受惩罚而损失大量财富。出家的无戒者由于放逸,会在戒、佛语、禅那和七圣财上受损。在家者会于四众中生起恶名:‘某族姓子,无戒、行恶法,舍弃此世与他世,连一勺饭食都不布施。’出家人则生起如此评价:‘某者不能守护戒、不能受持佛语,以行医等活命,具足六种不恭敬。’
213. Tatiye dussīloti asīlo nissīlo. Sīlavipannoti vipannasīlo bhinnasaṃvaro. Pamādādhikaraṇanti pamādakāraṇā. Idañca suttaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ vasena āgataṃ, pabbajitānampi pana labbhateva . Gahaṭṭho hi yena yena sippaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti, yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, pāṇātipātādivasena pamatto taṃ taṃ yathākālaṃ sampādetuṃ na sakkoti, athassa mūlaṃ vinassati. Māghātakālepi pāṇātipātaṃ adinnādānādīni ca karonto daṇḍavasena mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati. Pabbajito dussīlo pamādakāraṇā sīlato buddhavacanato jhānato sattaariyadhanato ca jāniṃ nigacchati. Gahaṭṭhassa ‘‘asuko asukakule jāto dussīlo pāpadhammo pariccattaidhalokaparaloko salākabhattamattampi na detī’’ti catuparisamajjhe pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Pabbajitassa ‘‘asuko nāsakkhi sīlaṃ rakkhituṃ buddhavacanaṃ gahetuṃ, vejjakammādīhi jīvati, chahi agāravehi samannāgato’’ti evaṃ abbhuggacchati.
「不无畏者」:在家者来到众人聚集之处,心中便生恐惧:“这么多人聚集,必定会有人知道我所做的事,他们会呵责我,或把我送交官府。”他沮丧不安,垂头丧肩,低着头,用脚趾划着地面而坐,无法无畏地说话。出家人也会这样心怀恐惧地前来:“这么多比丘聚集,一定会有人知道我所作的事,他们会制止我参加布萨和自恣,把我逐出僧团,剥夺我的沙门身份。”他无法无畏地说话。然而,有些无戒者外表佯装傲慢,内心其实极为沮丧。
Avisāradoti gahaṭṭho tāva ‘‘avassaṃ bahūnaṃ sannipātaṭṭhāne koci mama kammaṃ jānissati, atha maṃ niggaṇhissanti vā, rājakulassa vā dassantī’’ti sabhayo upasaṅkamati. Maṅkubhūto ca patitakkhandho adhomukho aṅguṭṭhakena bhūmiṃ kasanto nisīdati, visārado hutvā kathetuṃ na sakkoti. Pabbajitopi ‘‘bahū bhikkhū sannipatitā, avassaṃ koci mama kammaṃ jānissati, atha me uposathampi pavāraṇampi ṭhapetvā sāmaññā cāvetvā nikkaḍḍhissantī’’ti sabhayo upasaṅkamati, visārado hutvā kathetuṃ na sakkoti. Ekacco pana dussīlopi dappito viya carati, sopi ajjhāsayena maṅku hotiyeva.
「昏迷而命终」:当他躺在临终床上时,过去所受持、所造作的不善戒行之相便会现于面前。他睁开眼,看见此世;闭起眼,看见他世。四恶趣之相现前,犹如被百根矛刺穿头部一般。他大声哭喊:“制止吧!制止吧!”就这样在哀嚎中死去。因此说「昏迷而命终」。第五句意义显而易见。关于功德的说明,应依相反的道理来理解。
Sammūḷho kālaṃ karotīti tassa hi maraṇamañce nipannassa dussīlakammaṃ samādāya vattitaṭṭhānaṃ āpāthaṃ āgacchati. So ummīletvā idhalokaṃ passati, nimmīletvā paralokaṃ. Tassa cattāro apāyā upaṭṭhahanti, sattisatena sīse pahariyamāno viya hoti. So ‘‘vāretha vārethā’’ti viravanto marati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sammūḷho kālaṃ karotī’’ti. Pañcamapadaṃ uttānameva. Ānisaṃsakathā vuttavipariyāyena veditabbā.
第四 多言者经释义
4. Bahubhāṇisuttavaṇṇanā
214214. 第四经中,「多言者」:指不以慧来加以约束,而说很多话的人。「少言者」:这里的“manta”是指慧,即依慧来约束、节量之后才说话的人。
214. Catutthe bahubhāṇisminti paññāya aparicchinditvā bahuṃ bhaṇante. Mantabhāṇisminti mantā vuccati paññā, tāya paricchinditvā bhaṇante.
5. 第一无忍耐经注释
5. Paṭhamaakkhantisuttavaṇṇanā
215第五经中,「多怨敌者」:指因对众生的怨仇及对不善法的怨仇,而怨敌众多的人。「多过患者」:指嗔恚众多、过失繁多的人。
215. Pañcame verabahuloti puggalaverenapi akusalaverenapi bahuvero. Vajjabahuloti dosabahulo.
6. 第二无忍耐经注释
6. Dutiyaakkhantisuttavaṇṇanā
216第六经中,「残暴者」:指残酷、苛刻的人。「有追悔者」:指心怀懊悔、羞愧的人。
216. Chaṭṭhe luddoti dāruṇo kakkhaḷo. Vippaṭisārīti maṅkubhāvena samannāgato.
7. 第一不端正者经注释
7.Paṭhamaapāsādikasuttavaṇṇanā
217第七经中,「不端正者」:指身业等行仪不清净、不端正的人。「端正者」:指能令人生净信、行仪清净的人。第八经与第九经意义浅显易懂。
217. Sattame apāsādiketi apāsādikehi kāyakammādīhi samannāgate. Pāsādiketi pasādāvahe parisuddhasamācāre. Aṭṭhamanavamāni uttānatthāneva.
第十 摩偷罗经释义
10. Madhurāsuttavaṇṇanā
220第十经中,“诸比丘,这五种是摩偷罗的过患”——一时,世尊在比丘僧团的随行中游行教化,到达摩偷罗城,正欲入城。那时,一位持邪见的女夜叉裸形露体,张开双臂,吐出舌头,赫然立于十力者面前。导师便未入城,当即从彼处折返,往精舍而去。大众携带种种嚼食、啖食,怀着恭敬尊重,来到精舍,向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团行布施供养。导师为折伏彼城之人,宣说了此经。经中,“不平”指地面不平坦。“多尘”指风吹之时,犹如扬起的浓厚尘云笼罩。其余各处意义皆浅显易明。
220. Dasame pañcime, bhikkhave, ādīnavā madhurāyanti ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto cārikaṃ caramāno madhurānagaraṃ sampāpuṇitvā antonagaraṃ pavisituṃ ārabhi. Athekā micchādiṭṭhikā yakkhinī acelā hutvā dve hatthe pasāretvā jivhaṃ nillāletvā dasabalassa purato aṭṭhāsi. Satthā antonagaraṃ appavisitvā tatova nikkhamitvā vihāraṃ agamāsi. Mahājano khādanīyabhojanīyañceva sakkārasammānañca ādāya vihāraṃ gantvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ adāsi. Satthā tassa nagarassa niggaṇhanatthāya imaṃ suttaṃ ārabhi. Tattha visamāti na samatalā. Bahurajāti vātapaharaṇakāle uddhatena rajakkhandhena pariyonaddhā viya hoti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.