二十一、第一品 吉弥罗品
(21) 1. Kimilavaggo
1. 吉弥罗经注
1. Kimilasuttavaṇṇanā
201第五集第一经中,“吉弥罗”(kimilāyaṃ)是指一座叫这个名字的城市。“尼拘律林”(Niculavane)就是目支邻陀林。“他这样说”(Etadavoca):据说这位长老就在那座城市里,是商主的儿子,在世尊座下出家,证得了宿住智。他回忆自己过去流转的蕴相续,发现在迦叶十力者的教法兴盛时出家,当四众弟子对教法不恭敬时,他绑好梯子登上山,在那里修习沙门法,看见了曾在那里住过的情景。他想:“我去拜见世尊,问问这个原因吧。”于是说出了“尊者,是什么因缘……”这段话。
201. Pañcamassa paṭhame kimilāyanti evaṃnāmake nagare. Niculavaneti mucalindavane. Etadavocāti ayaṃ kira thero tasmiṃyeva nagare seṭṭhiputto satthu santike pabbajitvā pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ paṭilabhi. So attanā nivutthaṃ khandhasantānaṃ anussaranto kassapadasabalassa sāsanosakkanakāle pabbajitvā catūsu parisāsu sāsane agāravaṃ karontīsu nisseṇiṃ bandhitvā pabbataṃ āruyha tattha samaṇadhammaṃ katvā attano nivutthabhāvaṃ addasa. So ‘‘satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā taṃ kāraṇaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti etaṃ ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante’’tiādivacanaṃ avoca.
经中说“于导师无有恭敬而住,不尊重”,意为对导师未建立起恭敬与尊长之心而住。对于法、僧、学,也是如此。具体而言,在塔庙庭院等处持伞、穿着鞋走来走去,又说种种无义之语,便叫作于导师无有恭敬而住。在听法时坐下后却昏沉睡眠,又说种种无义之语,便叫作于法无有恭敬而住。在僧众中挥动手臂、说种种杂语,对长老、新学和中等比丘不存敬意,便叫作于僧无有恭敬而住。对学处不圆满修习,便叫作于学无有恭敬而住。彼此之间起纷争、口角等,即称为相互无有恭敬而住。第二句“不尊重”意思浅显。
Satthari agāravā viharanti appatissāti satthari gāravañceva jeṭṭhakabhāvañca anupaṭṭhapetvā viharanti. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Tattha cetiyaṅgaṇādīsu chattaṃ dhāretvā upāhanā āruyha vicaranto nānappakārañca niratthakakathaṃ kathento satthari agāravo viharati nāma. Dhammassavanagge pana nisīditvā niddāyanto ceva nānappakārañca niratthakakathaṃ kathento dhamme agāravo viharati nāma. Saṅghamajjhe bāhāvikkhepakaṃ nānattakathaṃ kathento theranavamajjhimesu ca cittīkāraṃ akaronto saṅghe agāravo viharati nāma. Sikkhaṃ aparipūrento sikkhāya agāravo viharati nāma. Aññamaññaṃ kalahabhaṇḍanādīni karonto aññamaññaṃ agāravo viharati nāma. Dutiyaṃ uttānatthameva.
3. 良马经注
3. Assājānīyasuttavaṇṇanā
203-204第三经中,“以正直”(ajjavena)就是以正直而行,没有弯曲地前进。“以速疾”(javena)就是脚步迅捷。“以柔和”(maddavena)就是身体柔软。“以忍耐”(khantiyā)就是安忍的忍耐。“以柔善”(soraccena)就是清净的戒行。在比丘的层面,“正直”(ajjava)指智慧正直地行进。“速疾”(java)指成为英勇之后,智慧行进的状态。“柔和”(maddava)指戒行的柔和。“忍耐”(khanti)也就是安忍的忍耐。“柔善”(soracca)也就是清净的戒行。第四经中,所说的五力是混合性质的。
203-204. Tatiye ajjavenāti ujubhāvena avaṅkagamanena. Javenāti padajavena. Maddavenāti sarīramudutāya. Khantiyāti adhivāsanakkhantiyā. Soraccenāti sucisīlatāya. Bhikkhuvāre ajjavanti ñāṇassa ujukagamanaṃ. Javoti sūraṃ hutvā ñāṇassa gamanabhāvo. Maddavanti sīlamaddavaṃ. Khantīti adhivāsanakkhantiyeva. Soraccaṃ sucisīlatāyeva. Catutthe pañca balāni missakāni kathitāni.
5. 心荒芜经注
5. Cetokhilasuttavaṇṇanā
205在第五经中,「心荒芜」:即心的僵硬、污秽、如树桩之状态。「于导师疑」:对导师的身体或功德生疑。若对身体生疑,便想:“具足三十二大人相庄严之身,究竟是有,还是无?”若对功德生疑,便想:“能了知过去、未来、现在的全知智慧,究竟是有,还是无?”「犹豫」:反复思量,陷于困苦,无法决断。「不决信」:不能生起“正是如此”的确定。「不信净」:不能深契功德,无法以无疑的状态生起信心而得清净。「为了热忱」:为了起到如火烧烦恼般的精进作用。「为了专修」:为了反复练习。「为了恒常」:为了持续不断地修行。「为了勤行」:为了策励精进。这就是第一种心荒芜:即于导师的疑惑,这是心的第一种僵硬状态。
205. Pañcame cetokhilāti cittassa thaddhabhāvā, kacavarabhāvā, khāṇukabhāvā. Satthari kaṅkhatīti satthu sarīre vā guṇe vā kaṅkhati. Sarīre kaṅkhamāno ‘‘dvattiṃsavarapurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nāma sarīraṃ atthi nu kho natthī’’ti kaṅkhati, guṇe kaṅkhamāno ‘‘atītānāgatapaccuppannajānanasamatthaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ atthi nu kho natthī’’ti kaṅkhati. Vicikicchatīti vicinanto kicchati, dukkhaṃ āpajjati, vinicchetuṃ na sakkoti. Nādhimuccatīti evametanti adhimokkhaṃ na paṭilabhati. Na sampasīdatīti guṇesu otaritvā nibbicikicchabhāvena pasīdituṃ anāvilo bhavituṃ na sakkoti. Ātappāyāti kilesasantāpakavīriyakaraṇatthāya. Anuyogāyāti punappunaṃ yogāya. Sātaccāyāti satatakiriyāya. Padhānāyāti padahanatthāya. Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhiloti ayaṃ satthari vicikicchāsaṅkhāto paṭhamo cittassa thaddhabhāvo evametassa bhikkhuno appahīno hoti.
“于法”:这是指对教说之法和证悟之法。对教说之法有疑惑时,他会想:“他们说三藏佛语有八万四千法蕴,这到底是有还是没有呢?”对证悟之法有疑惑时,他会想:“他们说观的结果是道,道的结果是果,一切行的弃舍是涅槃,那到底是有还是没有呢?”“于僧伽疑”:通过“善行道”等词句,他会想:“具足这种行道的有四道行者、四果行者,由这八种人集合而成的僧伽,到底是有还是没有呢?”“若于学疑”:他会想:“他们说增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学,这到底是有还是没有呢?”“这第五”:即指由于对同梵行者愤恨而造成的第五种心的僵硬状态、污秽状态、树桩状态。
Dhammeti pariyattidhamme ca paṭivedhadhamme ca. Pariyattidhamme kaṅkhamāno ‘‘tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassānīti vadanti, atthi nu kho etaṃ natthī’’ti kaṅkhati. Paṭivedhadhamme kaṅkhamāno ‘‘vipassanānissando maggo nāma, magganissandaṃ phalaṃ nāma, sabbasaṅkhārapaṭinissaggo nibbānaṃ nāmāti vadanti, taṃ atthi nu kho natthī’’ti kaṅkhati. Saṅghe kaṅkhatīti ‘‘ujuppaṭipanno’’tiādīnaṃ padānaṃ vasena ‘‘evarūpaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno cattāro maggaṭṭhā cattāro phalaṭṭhāti aṭṭhannaṃ puggalānaṃ samūhabhūto saṅgho nāma atthi nu kho natthī’’ti kaṅkhati. Sikkhāya kaṅkhamāno ‘‘adhisīlasikkhā nāma adhicittaadhipaññāsikkhā nāmāti vadanti, sā atthi nu kho natthī’’ti kaṅkhati. Ayaṃ pañcamoti ayaṃ sabrahmacārīsu kopasaṅkhāto pañcamo cittassa thaddhabhāvo kacavarabhāvo khāṇukabhāvo.
6. 结缚经注
6. Vinibandhasuttavaṇṇanā
206第六「心之结缚」:由于缠缚了心,犹如攥在拳中紧抓不放,故称心之结缚。「于欲」:既指事欲,也指烦恼欲。「于身」:指对自己的身体。「于色」:指对外在的色。「足量」:即随其所欲,想要多少便取用多少。「腹满」:即填饱肚腹;因为这腹部不被胀破,所以称为“腹满”。「卧乐」:依床褥或时节之舒适而生的乐。「侧乐」:左右侧卧辗转时,由身体安逸所生的乐。「睡眠乐」:睡眠时的安逸之乐。「随行」:全心投入,生活其中。「发愿」:先于心中期盼,然后……就“戒等”而言:「戒」指四遍清净戒;「愿」指持戒的禁取行;「苦行」指修习苦行;「梵行」指远离淫欲。「我将成为天神」:我将成为大威力之天神。「或某种天神」:或成为小威力天神中的某一种。
206. Chaṭṭhe cetasovinibandhāti cittaṃ vinibandhitvā muṭṭhiyaṃ katvā viya gaṇhantīti cetasovinibandhā. Kāmeti vatthukāmepi kilesakāmepi. Kāyeti attano kāye. Rūpeti bahiddhārūpe. Yāvadatthanti yattakaṃ icchati, tattakaṃ. Udarāvadehakanti udarapūraṃ. Tañhi udaraṃ avadehanato udarāvadehakanti vuccati. Seyyasukhanti mañcapīṭhasukhaṃ, utusukhaṃ vā. Passasukhanti yathā samparivattakaṃ sayantassa dakkhiṇapassa vāmapassānaṃ sukhaṃ hoti, evaṃ uppannasukhaṃ. Middhasukhanti niddāsukhaṃ. Anuyuttoti yuttappayutto viharati. Paṇidhāyāti patthayitvā. Sīlenātiādīsu sīlanti catupārisuddhisīlaṃ. Vatanti vatasamādānaṃ. Tapoti tapacaraṇaṃ. Brahmacariyanti methunavirati. Devo vā bhavissāmīti mahesakkhadevo vā bhavissāmi. Devaññataro vāti appesakkhadevesu vā aññataroti.
7-8. 粥经等注
7-8. Yāgusuttādivaṇṇanā
207-208第七「调顺风」:即调和风后使之排出。「净化膀胱」:即清净脉管。「消化残留未熟物」:若还有未熟物残留,便将其消化。第八「无益于眼」:即对眼睛无益,不能令眼清净。
207-208. Sattame vātaṃ anulometīti vātaṃ anulometvā harati. Vatthiṃ sodhetīti dhamaniyo suddhā karoti. Āmāvasesaṃ pācetīti sace āmāvasesakaṃ hoti, taṃ pāceti. Aṭṭhame acakkhussanti na cakkhūnaṃ hitaṃ, cakkhuṃ visuddhaṃ na karoti.
第九经:歌音经注释
9. Gītassarasuttavaṇṇanā
209第九「以长引」:即以拖长的音调,破坏圆满的词句与偈颂的韵律而诵。「乃至欲求歌调者」:指心想‘应当这样造出歌音’,而追求这种造作声音行为的人。如此便成「定的破坏」,即止观心的毁坏。
209. Navame āyatakenāti dīghena, paripuṇṇapadabyañjanakaṃ gāthāvattañca vināsetvā pavattena. Sarakuttimpi nikāmayamānassāti evaṃ gītassaro kātabboti sarakiriyaṃ patthayamānassa. Samādhissa bhaṅgo hotīti samathavipassanācittassa vināso hoti.
第十经:失念经注释
10. Muṭṭhassatisuttavaṇṇanā
210第十「苦睡」:即见种种梦而痛苦地睡眠。「苦醒」:即醒来时也因惊怖而毛发竖立地醒来。在这部经中,开示了念与正知的结合。
210. Dasame dukkhaṃ supatīti nānāvidhaṃ supinaṃ passanto dukkhaṃ supati. Dukkhaṃ paṭibujjhatīti paṭibujjhantopi uttasitvā salomahaṃso paṭibujjhati. Imasmiṃ sutte satisampajaññaṃ missakaṃ kathitaṃ.