第十六品 1. 根品(Indriyavaggo)
(16) 1. Indriyavaggo
1. 根经等注疏(Indriyasuttādivaṇṇanā)
1. Indriyasuttādivaṇṇanā
151151. 第四集第一经:「信根」:以信为先行,行使主宰(inda)之义,故称信根。对于其余诸根,道理亦同。第二经中,「信力」:于不信中亦不动摇,故称信力。对于其余诸力,道理亦同。第三经中,「无过失力」:即无过失的力量。「摄受力」:即能摄受应受摄者的力量。第四与第五经意义浅显易懂。
151. Catutthassa paṭhame saddhādhurena indaṭṭhaṃ karotīti saddhindriyaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Dutiye assaddhiye akampanaṭṭhena saddhābalaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Tatiye anavajjabalanti niddosabalaṃ. Saṅgahabalanti saṅgaṇhitabbayuttakānaṃ saṅgaṇhanabalaṃ. Catutthapañcamāni uttānāneva.
6. 劫经注疏(Kappasuttavaṇṇanā)
6. Kappasuttavaṇṇanā
156156. 第六经中,「坏灭」:指有三种坏灭——水坏灭、火坏灭、风坏灭。三种坏灭的界限是:光音天、遍净天、广果天。当劫以火坏灭时,从光音天以下皆被火烧尽;以水坏灭时,从遍净天以下皆被水消融;以风坏灭时,从广果天以下皆被风摧毁。然而,就广度而言,通常只有一个佛刹土毁坏。此处仅为略说,详细说明应依《清净道论》所述方法来了解。
156. Chaṭṭhe saṃvaṭṭatīti ettha tayo saṃvaṭṭā āposaṃvaṭṭo, tejosaṃvaṭṭo, vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti. Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā ābhassarā, subhakiṇhā, vehapphalāti. Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati, ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati. Yadā āpena saṃvaṭṭati, subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati. Yadā vātena saṃvaṭṭati, vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsati. Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakkhettaṃ vinassati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārakathā pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.403-404 ādayo) vuttanayeneva veditabbā.
7. 病经注疏(Rogasuttavaṇṇanā)
7. Rogasuttavaṇṇanā
157157. 第七经中,「有苦恼者」:指因多欲的因缘,为苦恼与痛苦所具足。「不满足者」:指对四种资具,不依三种知足而满足。「为得不被轻蔑」:即为了从他人处获得不被轻视。「为得利养、恭敬、名声」:即为了获得称为圆满四资具的利养恭敬,以及称为赞誉的名声。「思量后接近诸家」:指心想“这样他们就会认识我”,为了让人认识而接近诸家。其余各句,也依此方法理解。
157. Sattame vighātavāti mahicchāpaccayena vighātena dukkhena samannāgato. Asantuṭṭhoti catūsu paccayesu tīhi santosehi asantuṭṭho. Anavaññappaṭilābhāyāti parehi anavajānanassa paṭilābhatthāya. Lābhasakkārasilokappaṭilābhāyāti susaṅkhatacatupaccayasaṅkhātassa lābhasakkārassa ceva vaṇṇabhaṇanasaṅkhātassa silokassa ca paṭilābhatthāya. Saṅkhāya kulāni upasaṅkamatīti ‘‘iti maṃ ete jānissantī’’ti jānanatthāya kulāni upasaṅkamati. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo.
8. 退失经注疏(Parihānisuttavaṇṇanā)
8. Parihānisuttavaṇṇanā
158158. 第八经中,「于深」:指义理甚深。「于处非处」:指于因与非因甚深。「不乐」:指不深入、不运作。「慧眼」:此处,由学习与提问所得的智慧亦是适合的,由审察与体证所得的智慧亦是适合的。
158. Aṭṭhame gambhīresūti atthagambhīresu. Ṭhānāṭhānesūti kāraṇākāraṇesu. Na kamatīti nāvagāhati nappavattati. Paññācakkhūti ettha uggahaparipucchāpaññāpi vaṭṭati, sammasanappaṭivedhapaññāpi vaṭṭatiyeva.
9. 比丘尼经注
9. Bhikkhunīsuttavaṇṇanā
159第九经中,“ehi tvaṃ”(意为“来,你!”):那位对比丘心生爱著的比丘尼,为了差遣他而这样说道。“sasīsaṃ pārupitvā”:连头一起覆盖住身体。“mañcake nipajji”:她迅速铺好床,随即躺卧在那里。“etadavoca”:世尊觉察到她这副行相后,为了帮助她断除贪欲,便以柔和的方式开示不净法义,说了这番话。“āhārasambhūto”:由食物所生,依食物而增长。“āhāraṃ nissāya āhāraṃ pajahati”:意思是,依止眼前这一段食,通过如理受用这段食,来舍断那称为“过去业”之食;然而,即使是对眼前的段食,也应当舍断对它的染着与渴爱。
159. Navame ehi tvanti there paṭibaddhacittā taṃ pahiṇituṃ evamāha. Sasīsaṃ pārupitvāti saha sīsena kāyaṃ pārupitvā. Mañcake nipajjīti vegena mañcakaṃ paññāpetvā tattha nipajji. Etadavocāti tassākāraṃ sallakkhetvā lobhappahānatthāya saṇheneva asubhakathaṃ kathetuṃ etaṃ avoca. Āhārasambhūtoti āhārena sambhūto āhāraṃ nissāya vaḍḍhito. Āhāraṃ nissāya āhāraṃ pajahatīti paccuppannaṃ kabaḷīkārāhāraṃ nissāya taṃ evaṃ yoniso sevamāno pubbakammasaṅkhātaṃ āhāraṃ pajahati. Paccuppannepi pana kabaḷīkārāhāre nikantitaṇhā pajahitabbā.
“舍断爱”:像这样(对段食的爱)现起,即是现在爱;依止这现在爱,来舍断那作为轮回根本的过去爱。然而,这现在爱是善还是不善?不善。应当修习还是不应当修习?应当修习。它会牵引结生吗?不会牵引。但即使是对这种应当修习的现在爱,也一定要舍断对它的迷恋。那位具寿尊者一定会证得漏尽而安住,于我岂能不然?这里的“kimaṅgaṃ panā”是对原因的遍寻。意思是:那位具寿尊者亲证阿拉汉果而安住,我因何不能亲证并安住呢?毕竟,他也是正自觉者的儿子,我也是正自觉者的儿子,对我来说,这(漏尽)也必定会生起!“以慢为所缘”:指依止像这样生起且应当修习的慢,“舍断慢”,来舍断那作为轮回根本的过去慢。然而,他所依止来舍断的那份(现在慢),也如同渴爱一样,虽是不善,却应当修习,并且不牵引结生。即便如此,对这份慢也同样要舍断那种迷恋。
Taṇhaṃ pajahatīti idāni evaṃ pavattaṃ paccuppannataṇhaṃ nissāya vaṭṭamūlikaṃ pubbataṇhaṃ pajahati. Ayaṃ pana paccuppannataṇhā kusalā akusalāti? Akusalā. Sevitabbā na sevitabbāti? Sevitabbā. Paṭisandhiṃ ākaḍḍhati nākaḍḍhatīti? Nākaḍḍhati. Etissāpi pana paccuppannāya sevitabbataṇhāya nikanti pajahitabbāyeva. So hi nāma āyasmā āsavānaṃ khayā upasampajja viharissati, kimaṅgaṃ panāhanti ettha kimaṅgaṃ panāti kāraṇaparivitakkanametaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – so āyasmā arahattaphalaṃ sacchikatvā viharissati, ahaṃ kena kāraṇena na sacchikatvā viharissāmi. Sopi hi āyasmā sammāsambuddhasseva putto, ahampi sammāsambuddhasseva putto, mayhampetaṃ uppajjissatīti. Mānaṃ nissāyāti idaṃ evaṃ uppannasevitabbamānaṃ nissāya. Mānaṃpajahatīti vaṭṭamūlakaṃ pubbamānaṃ pajahati. Yaṃ nissāya panesa taṃ pajahati, sopi taṇhā viya akusalo ceva sevitabbo ca, no ca paṭisandhiṃ ākaḍḍhati. Nikanti pana tasmimpi pajahitabbāva.
「Setughātovutto bhagavatā」:佛陀、世尊所说的“毁坏桥梁”,就是指世尊开示了摧毁(烦恼的)根株、摧毁(轮回的)缘起的话语。就这样,当长老们通过这四种方式拒绝了那位比丘尼的说法时,她对那位长老所生起的欲贪便完全消退了。那位比丘尼也为了恳请长老原谅,而发露了自己的过失,长老也接受了她的忏悔。为了说明这件事,所以接下来才说:“那时,那位比丘尼……”等等。
Setughātovutto bhagavatāti padaghāto paccayaghāto buddhena bhagavatā kathito. Iti imehi catūhi aṅgehi there desanaṃ vinivaṭṭente tassā bhikkhuniyā theraṃ ārabbha uppanno chandarāgo apagañchi. Sāpi theraṃ khamāpetuṃ accayaṃ desesi, theropissā paṭiggaṇhi. Taṃ dassetuṃ atha kho sā bhikkhunītiādi vuttaṃ.
10. 善逝律经注
10. Sugatavinayasuttavaṇṇanā
160第十经中:“duggahitaṃ”:指以颠倒的顺序执取。“pariyāpuṇantī”:指错误地使用、宣说。“padabyañjanehi”:在此,词本身因能表达意义,故称为“表达”。“dunnikkhittassa”:指放置不善,以颠倒的顺序摆放。“其义也难通晓”:意思是,即使取出义注来解说,也无法讲清楚。“断根者”:因为原本作为根本的那些比丘已被切断,故称“断根者”。“无依处”:即没有依止处。“多求者”:指为了资具而多求多事之人。“懈怠者”:指以松散执取的方式受持三学的人。“下沉为先导”:因会陷入五盖之中,故五盖称为“下沉”,此处即指以那些盖障为先导。“于远离”:指的是三种远离。“舍弃重担”:即毫无精进。依此道理,便可类推了知这些经文中各处的法义。
160. Dasame duggahitanti uppaṭipāṭiyā gahitaṃ. Pariyāpuṇantīti vaḷañjenti kathenti. Padabyañjanehīti ettha padameva atthassa byañjanato byañjananti vuttaṃ. Dunnikkhittassāti duṭṭhu nikkhittassa uppaṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitassa. Atthopi dunnayo hotīti aṭṭhakathā nīharitvā kathetuṃ na sakkā hoti. Chinnamūlakoti mūlabhūtānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ upacchinnattā chinnamūlako. Appaṭisaraṇoti appatiṭṭho. Bāhulikāti paccayabāhullāya paṭipannā. Sāthalikāti tisso sikkhā sithilaggahaṇena gaṇhanakā. Okkamanepubbaṅgamāti pañca nīvaraṇāni avagamanato okkamananti vuccanti, tattha pubbaṅgamāti attho. Paviveketi tividhe viveke. Nikkhittadhurāti nibbīriyā. Iminā nayena pana sabbattha attho veditabbo.