5. 阿修罗品
(10) 5. Asuravaggo
阿修罗经注
1. Asurasuttavaṇṇanā
91第五品第一经中,“阿修罗”指形似阿修罗、令人生厌者;“天”指形似天神,因功德而容貌美丽、令人欢喜者。
91. Pañcamassa paṭhame asuroti asurasadiso bībhaccho. Devoti devasadiso guṇavasena abhirūpo pāsādiko.
第一定经注
2. Paṭhamasamādhisuttavaṇṇanā
92第二经中,“内心寂止”指于自身内在的安止心定。“增上慧法观”指把握诸行的观智。因为此观智既是名为“增上慧”的,又是在名为五蕴的诸法中现起的观,所以称为“增上慧法观”。
92. Dutiye ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassāti niyakajjhatte appanācittasamādhissa. Adhipaññādhammavipassanāyāti saṅkhārapariggāhakavipassanāñāṇassa. Tañhi adhipaññāsaṅkhātañca, pañcakkhandhasaṅkhātesu ca dhammesu vipassanābhūtaṃ, tasmā ‘‘adhipaññādhammavipassanā’’ti vuccatīti.
第二定经注
3. Dutiyasamādhisuttavaṇṇanā
93第三经中,“应作修行”指应当从事的加行精进。“欲”指想行动的意欲。“勤”指加行,即实际的努力。“策励”指比勤更强有力的精进。“勇悍”指犹如把陷入泥沼的车拖出来那样的大精进。“不退”指不退缩、不回退。
93. Tatiye yogo karaṇīyoti yuttappayuttatā kattabbā. Chandoti kattukamyatāchando. Vāyāmoti payogo. Ussāhoti tato adhimattataraṃ vīriyaṃ. Ussoḷhīti paṅkalaggasakaṭauddharaṇasadisaṃ mahāvīriyaṃ. Appaṭivānīti anivattanatā.
第三定经注
4. Tatiyasamādhisuttavaṇṇanā
94在第四经中,“贤友,诸行应如是见”等:此处“行”应当从无常的角度来观见,从无常的角度来审察,从无常的角度来照见;同样,也应当从苦、从无我的角度来观见,应如此理解其义。对于“贤友,心应如是安立”等:以初禅为基础,贤友,心应当安立;以初禅为基础,心应当入定;以初禅为基础,心应当专一;以初禅为基础,心应当静虑。同样,以第二禅等为基础,应当如此理解其意义。在这三经中,所说的止与观都是世间和出世间的。
94. Catutthe evaṃ kho, āvuso, saṅkhārā daṭṭhabbātiādīsu, āvuso, saṅkhārā nāma aniccato daṭṭhabbā, aniccato sammasitabbā, aniccato passitabbā. Tathā dukkhato, anattatoti evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbantiādīsupi paṭhamajjhānavasena, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ paṭhamajjhānavasena sannisādetabbaṃ, paṭhamajjhānavasena ekodi kātabbaṃ, paṭhamajjhānavasena samādahitabbaṃ. Tathā dutiyajjhānādivasenāti evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo. Imesu tīsupi suttesu samathavipassanā lokiyalokuttarāva kathitā.
5. 尸火把经注
5. Chavālātasuttavaṇṇanā
95在第五经中,“尸火把”:指坟场中的火把。“中部沾粪者”:指中间部位沾有粪便的火把。“既不于村中作柴用,亦不于林野中作柴用”:因为不能用作屋梁、椽、柱、楼梯等材料,所以在村中无法实现柴火的作用;因为不能制作田棚柱或床脚,所以在林野中也无法实现柴火的作用。若执两端,则烧手;若执中间,则污于粪便。“如彼譬喻”:即与之相似的譬喻。“更美妙”:指更美好。“更殊胜”:指更上等。“牛乳”:指从牛所出的乳汁。在乳、酪等之中,后者依次比前者更为胜妙,而澄清的黄油则为其中之最上。“上首”等词,应知是就功德而称为上首、最胜、首位、无上、最卓越的意思。此尸火把的譬喻,并非是说破戒的补特伽罗,而是指寡闻、行事放逸、如同牛一般的补特伽罗。
95. Pañcame chavālātanti susāne alātaṃ. Majjhegūthagatanti majjhaṭṭhāne gūthamakkhitaṃ. Neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharatīti kūṭagopānasithambhasopānādīnaṃ atthāya anupaneyyatāya gāme na kaṭṭhatthaṃ sādheti, khettakuṭipādaṃ vā mañcapādaṃ vā kātuṃ anupaneyyatāya na araññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ sādheti. Dvīsu koṭīsu gayhamānaṃ hatthaṃ ḍahati, majjhe gayhamānaṃ gūthena makkheti. Tathūpamanti taṃsarikkhakaṃ. Abhikkantataroti sundarataro. Paṇītataroti uttamataro. Gavā khīranti gāvito khīraṃ. Khīramhā dadhītiādīsu paraṃ paraṃ purimato purimato aggaṃ, sappimaṇḍo pana tesu sabbesupi aggameva . Aggotiādīsu guṇehi aggo ceva seṭṭho ca pamukho ca uttamo ca pavaro cāti veditabbo. Chavālātūpamāya na dussīlo puggalo kathito, appassuto pana vissaṭṭhakammanto goṇasadiso puggalo kathitoti veditabbo. Chaṭṭhe sabbaṃ uttānatthameva.
7. 快速理解经注
7. Khippanisantisuttavaṇṇanā
97在第七经中,“速了知者”:指能快速领会、迅捷了知之人。“于所闻之法”:指对于所听闻并熟练掌握的经典法义。“观察义者”:即审察义理之人。“通达义、通达法”:指了知注释书与经文之后。“法随法行者”:即实践与九种出世间法相应、具足戒律之前行道的行者。“非言辞美妙”:即非有美妙言辞者。“非有美妙语音”:即非有悦耳音声者。此处“非”字亦应与“圆满”等词结合。其意为:不具备功德圆满、无障碍、无过失、字句音节不脱漏、能令人明了义理的语言。以此方法,于一切处应知其义。
97. Sattame khippanisantīti khippanisāmano sīghaṃ jānituṃ samattho. Sutānañca dhammānanti sutappaguṇānaṃ tantidhammānaṃ. Atthūpaparikkhīti atthaṃ upaparikkhako. Atthamaññāya dhammamaññāyāti aṭṭhakathañca pāḷiñca jānitvā. Dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hotīti navalokuttaradhammānaṃ anurūpadhammabhūtaṃ sasīlakaṃ pubbabhāgappaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti. No ca kalyāṇavācoti na sundaravacano. Na kalyāṇavākkaraṇoti na sundaravacanaghoso hoti. Poriyātiādīhi saddhiṃ no-kāro yojetabboyeva. Guṇaparipuṇṇāya apalibuddhāya adosāya agaḷitapadabyañjanāya atthaṃ viññāpetuṃ samatthāya vācāya samannāgato na hotīti attho. Iminā upāyena sabbattha attho veditabbo.
8. 自利经注
8. Attahitasuttavaṇṇanā
98-9998-99. 第八经是依补特伽罗的意乐而说,亦依十力者的说法智慧之妙用而说;第九经是依五种怨而说。
98-99. Aṭṭhamaṃ puggalajjhāsayavasenāpi dasabalassa desanāñāṇavilāsenāpi kathitaṃ, navamaṃ pañcaveravasena.
10. 晡利多经注
10. Potaliyasuttavaṇṇanā
100100. 第十经中,“kālenāti”:适时,指恰当、合宜的时机。“Khamatīti”:堪忍,意为令人欢喜、觉得合意。“Yadidaṃ tattha tattha kālaññutāti”:即于处处知时者,是指能在种种场合了知恰当时机的智慧。这表明,智者了知各个时机后,对应受责备者指出其过失,对应受称赞者说出其功德,这正是智者们的常行。
100. Dasame kālenāti yuttappattakālena. Khamatīti ruccati. Yadidaṃ tattha tattha kālaññutāti yā esā tattha tattha kālaṃ jānanā. Taṃ taṃ kālaṃ ñatvā hi avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇakathanaṃ vaṇṇārahassa ca vaṇṇakathanaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ pakatīti dasseti.
第三分五十经
3. Tatiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ