第四品:轮品显示巴利原文
4. Cakkavaggo
一、《轮经》解释显示巴利原文
1. Cakkasuttavaṇṇanā
31 31. 第四品第一经中,“轮”指成就。所谓“四轮运转”,即四种成就之轮运转不息、相续不断。“住于合适的地方”,指住在能见到四众的适宜之处。“依止善士”,指依靠、亲近、依止佛陀等善士,而非依止国王。“自身正愿”,指正确地安顿自己:如果过去曾有无信等不善法,便舍弃它们,安住于信等善法。“往昔曾作福”,指过去所累积的善业。在此经中,这本身就是标准。因为以智相应的心所造的善业,会引导此人前往合适的地方,令其亲近善士,而这位补特伽罗也能正确地安顿自己。“作福者”,即已造作福德之人。“这种快乐会追随他”,意思是这种快乐会跟随他、遍覆这位补特伽罗。显示巴利原文
31. Catutthassa paṭhame cakkānīti sampattiyo. Catucakkaṃ vattatīti cattāri sampatticakkāni vattanti ghaṭiyantiyevāti attho. Patirūpadesavāsoti yattha catasso parisā sandissanti, evarūpe anucchavike dese vāso. Sappurisāvassayoti buddhādīnaṃ sappurisānaṃ avassayanaṃ sevanaṃ bhajanaṃ, na rājānaṃ. Attasammāpaṇidhīti attano sammā ṭhapanaṃ, sace pubbe assaddhādīhi samannāgato hoti, tāni pahāya saddhādīsu patiṭṭhāpanaṃ. Pubbe ca katapuññatāti pubbe upacitakusalatā. Idameva cettha pamāṇaṃ. Yena hi ñāṇasampayuttacittena kusalakammaṃ kataṃ hoti, tadeva kusalaṃ taṃ purisaṃ patirūpadese upaneti, sappurise bhajāpeti, so eva ca puggalo attānaṃ sammā ṭhapeti. Puññakatoti katapuñño. Sukhañcetaṃdhivattatīti sukhañca etaṃ puggalaṃ adhivattati, avattharatīti attho.
二、《摄经》解释显示巴利原文
2. Saṅgahasuttavaṇṇanā
32 32. 第二经中,“摄事”,指摄受的种种根据或原因。在“施”等之中:有一种人只应通过施来摄受,对这种人便只行施。“爱语”,即可爱的话语。有一种人会这样说:“这个人虽然给与可给的东西,但每说一句话就把一切涂抹败坏,他的施有何用?”另一种人则说:“这个人虽然不施与物品,但他说话时就像用油涂抹一般;给也好,不给也好,单单他所说的话就价值千金。”像这样的补特伽罗并不期待施,只期待爱语,对这种人便应说爱语。“利行”,指能增长利益的言谈。有一种人既不期待施,也不期待爱语,只期待关于自身利益、能让自己增长的言谈。对这种补特伽罗便应说利行之语,例如:“这件事你应当做,那件事你不应当做;这样的补特伽罗应当亲近,那样的不应当亲近。”“同事”,指同甘共苦的状态。有一种人对施等全不期待,只期待同坐一处、同卧一榻、同食一处的这种同甘共苦。如果他是在家人,在种姓上与……显示巴利原文
32. Dutiye saṅgahavatthūnīti saṅgaṇhanakāraṇāni. Dānañcātiādīsu ekacco hi dāneneva saṅgaṇhitabbo hoti, tassa dānameva dātabbaṃ. Peyyavajjanti piyavacanaṃ. Ekacco hi ‘‘ayaṃ dātabbaṃ nāma deti, ekekena pana vacanena sabbaṃ makkhetvā nāseti, kiṃ tassa dāna’’nti vattā hoti. Ekacco ‘‘ayaṃ kiñcāpi dānaṃ na deti, kathento pana telena viya makkheti. Esa detu vā mā vā, vacanamevassa sahassaṃ agghatī’’ti vattā hoti. Evarūpo puggalo dānaṃ na paccāsīsati, piyavacanameva paccāsīsati. Tassa piyavacanameva vattabbaṃ. Atthacariyāti atthavaḍḍhanakathā. Ekacco hi neva dānaṃ, na piyavacanaṃ paccāsīsati, attano hitakathaṃ vaḍḍhikathameva paccāsīsati. Evarūpassa puggalassa ‘‘idaṃ te kātabbaṃ, idaṃ na kātabbaṃ, evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo, evarūpo na sevitabbo’’ti evaṃ atthacariyakathāva kathetabbā. Samānattatāti samānasukhadukkhabhāvo. Ekacco hi dānādīsu ekampi na paccāsīsati , ekāsane nisajjaṃ, ekapallaṅke sayanaṃ, ekato bhojananti evaṃ samānasukhadukkhataṃ paccāsīsati. So sace gahaṭṭhassa jātiyā pabbajitassa sīlena sadiso hoti, tassāyaṃ samānattatā kātabbā. Tattha tattha yathārahanti tesu tesu dhammesu yathānucchavikaṃ samānattatāti attho. Rathassāṇīva yāyatoti yathā rathassa gacchato āṇi saṅgaho nāma hoti, sā rathaṃ saṅgaṇhāti, evamime saṅgahā lokaṃ saṅgaṇhanti. Na mātā puttakāraṇāti yadi mātā ete saṅgahe puttassa na kareyya, puttakāraṇā mānaṃ vā pūjaṃ vā na labheyya. Saṅgahāeteti upayogavacane paccattaṃ. Saṅgahe eteti vā pāṭho. Samavekkhantīti sammā pekkhanti. Pāsaṃsā ca bhavantīti pasaṃsanīyā ca bhavanti.
三、《狮子经》解释显示巴利原文
3. Sīhasuttavaṇṇanā
33 33. 第三经中,“狮子”:有四种狮子——草狮、黑狮、黄狮、鬃狮。其中,草狮体色如鸽色的牛,以草为食。黑狮体色如黑牛,也仅以草为食。黄狮体色如黄叶色的牛,以肉为食。鬃狮的脸犹如用虫胶打磨过一般,鼻尖与四足边缘皆带光泽;从头顶起,有三道仿佛虫胶绘成的纹线,顺着背脊中部延伸,在臀部内侧右旋而住。它的肩部披着如同价值十万金的氆氇围帐般的鬃毛,身体其余的部位则是清净米粒堆、螺粉团那样的颜色。在这四种狮子之中,此处所指正是鬃狮。显示巴利原文
33. Tatiye sīhoti cattāro sīhā – tiṇasīho, kāḷasīho, paṇḍusīho, kesarasīhoti. Tesu tiṇasīho kapotavaṇṇagāvisadiso tiṇabhakkho ca hoti. Kāḷasīho kāḷagāvisadiso tiṇabhakkhoyeva. Paṇḍusīho paṇḍupalāsavaṇṇagāvisadiso maṃsabhakkho. Kesarasīho lākhāparikammakateneva mukhena agganaṅguṭṭhena catūhi ca pādapariyantehi samannāgato, matthakatopissa paṭṭhāya lākhātūlikāya katā viya tisso rājiyo piṭṭhimajjhena gantvā antarasatthimhi dakkhiṇāvattā hutvā ṭhitā. Khandhe panassa satasahassagghanikakambalaparikkhepo viya kesarabhāro hoti, avasesaṭṭhānaṃ parisuddhasālipiṇḍasaṅkhacuṇṇapiṇḍavaṇṇaṃ hoti. Imesu catūsu sīhesu ayaṃ kesarasīho idha adhippeto.
“兽王”,即一切兽类之王。“从住处”,指从其栖居之处,亦即是说,从金窟,或银窟、宝石窟、水晶窟、赭石石窟中出来。然而,它出来有四种因缘:或因黑暗所逼,而寻求光明;或因大小便利所逼,而欲排泄;或因饥渴所逼,而欲觅食;或因交合之欲所逼,而欲行非法之事。此处,正是为觅食而从住处出来的情况。显示巴利原文
Migarājāti sabbamigagaṇassa rājā. Āsayāti vasanaṭṭhānato, suvaṇṇaguhato vā rajatamaṇiphalikamanosilāguhato vā nikkhamatīti vuttaṃ hoti. Nikkhamamāno panesa catūhi kāraṇehi nikkhamati andhakārapīḷito vā ālokatthāya, uccārapassāvapīḷito vā tesaṃ vissajjanatthāya, jighacchāpīḷito vā gocaratthāya, sambhavapīḷito vā assaddhammapaṭisevanatthāya. Idha pana gocaratthāya nikkhamanto adhippeto.
“昂首挺身”:它或在金地,或在银地、宝石地、水晶地、赭石地等任一块地面上,先令两后足平稳站立,再将前足向前伸出;身体的后部向后牵引,前部向前推送;弯下脊背,扬起颈部,发出犹如霹雳般的声音震动鼻翼,抖落附着于身的尘土,如此便名为昂首挺身。随后,它又在挺身而立的那片场地上,如小牛犊般前后不停地奔跑;奔跑之时,它的身体在黑暗中看去,宛若一支旋转的火炬。显示巴利原文
Vijambhatīti suvaṇṇatale vā rajatamaṇiphalikamanosilātalānaṃ vā aññatarasmiṃ dve pacchimapāde samaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā purimapāde purato pasāretvā sarīrassa pacchābhāgaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā purimabhāgaṃ abhiharitvā piṭṭhiṃ nāmetvā gīvaṃ ukkhipitvā asanisaddaṃ karonto viya nāsapuṭāni pothetvā sarīralaggaṃ rajaṃ vidhunanto vijambhati. Vijambhanabhūmiyañca pana taruṇavacchako viya aparāparaṃ javati, javato panassa sarīraṃ andhakāre paribbhamantaṃ alātaṃ viya khāyati.
“环视”:为何要环视呢?出于悲悯。据说,当它发出狮子吼时,那些行走于悬崖、深坑等不平之处的象、野牛、水牛等众生,会因此而坠落悬崖,跌入深坑。出于对这些众生的悲悯,它才环视四周。那么,像它这样一只凶残、以鲜肉为食者,难道真有所谓的悲悯吗?是的,的确有。正如它这样想:“我杀死众多,又有何用?”因此,它即便为了觅食,也不会捕杀那些弱小的众生。这便是它的悲悯之行。经中也曾这样说:“愿我不令那些弱小的众生遭受灾患与困苦。”显示巴利原文
Anuviloketīti kasmā anuviloketi? Parānuddayatāya. Tasmiṃ kira sīhanādaṃ nadante papātāvāṭādīsu visamaṭṭhānesu carantā hatthigokaṇṇamahiṃsādayo pāṇā papātepi āvāṭepi patanti, tesaṃ anuddayāya anuviloketi. Kiṃ panassa luddassa paramaṃsakhādino anuddayā nāma atthīti? Āma atthi. Tathā hi ‘‘kiṃ me bahūhi ghātitehī’’ti attano gocaratthāyāpi khuddake pāṇe na gaṇhāti. Evaṃ anuddayaṃ karoti, vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘māhaṃ khuddake pāṇe visamagate saṅghātaṃ āpādesi’’nti (a. ni. 10.21).
「发狮子吼」意指先连续发出三声无所畏的吼叫。当它立于伸展地如此吼叫时,音声令方圆三由旬之地浑然一片;三由旬内所有两足与四足的众生闻声之后,都无法安住原地。随后便出发觅食。它是如何出发的呢?它立于伸展地,从右侧或左侧跃起时,约能跨出一牛距;向上跃起时,可达四牛距乃至八牛距之高;于平地径直向前跃出时,可跃出十六牛距乃至二十牛距;若从高地或山上跃下,则可跃出六十牛距乃至八十牛距。若于途中望见树木或山峦,便会绕行,从左侧、右侧或上方让开约一牛距。发完第三声狮子吼后,吼声伴其而行,至三由旬处仍可察觉;走出三由旬后转身停住,便能听见自己吼声的回响。它便是以如此迅疾的速度出发的。显示巴利原文
Sīhanādaṃ nadatīti tikkhattuṃ tāva abhītanādaṃ nadati. Evañca panassa vijambhanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhatvā nadantassa saddo samantā tiyojanapadesaṃ ekaninnādaṃ karoti, tamassa ninnādaṃ sutvā tiyojanabbhantaragatā dvipadacatuppadagaṇā yathāṭhāne ṭhātuṃ na sakkonti. Gocarāya pakkamatīti āhāratthāya gacchati. Kathaṃ? So hi vijambhanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhatvā dakkhiṇato vā vāmato vā uppatanto usabhamattaṃ ṭhānaṃ gaṇhāti, uddhaṃ uppatanto cattāripi aṭṭhapi usabhaṭṭhānāni uppatati, same ṭhāne ujukaṃ pakkhandanto soḷasausabhamattampi vīsatiusabhamattampi ṭhānaṃ pakkhandati, thalā vā pabbatā vā pakkhandanto saṭṭhiusabhamattampi asītiusabhamattampi ṭhānaṃ pakkhandati, antarāmagge rukkhaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā disvā taṃ pariharanto vāmato vā dakkhiṇato vā uddhaṃ vā usabhamattaṃ apakkamati. Tatiyaṃ pana sīhanādaṃ naditvā teneva saddhiṃ tiyojane ṭhāne paññāyati, tiyojanaṃ gantvā nivattitvā ṭhito attanova nādassa anunādaṃ suṇāti. Evaṃ sīghena javena pakkamati.
「大部分」意指多数、大体而言。「怖畏」、「惊惧」、「悚惧」都是内心惊恐的不同名称。因为听到狮子的吼声后,绝大多数众生生起恐惧,只有少数不生恐惧。哪些众生不生恐惧呢?就是同等种类的狮子、优良的大象、优良的骏马、良种的公牛、优良的人,以及诸漏尽的阿拉汉。为什么这些众生不生恐惧呢?同等种类的狮子心想:“就出身、种姓、家族与勇猛而言,我与它相等”,故不畏惧;良象等则因其执著于身的‘我见’之力强大,故不畏惧;阿拉汉因为已经彻底断除‘我见’,故亦无畏惧。显示巴利原文
Yebhuyyenāti pāyena. Bhayaṃ santāsaṃ saṃveganti sabbaṃ cittutrāsasseva nāmaṃ. Sīhassa hi saddaṃ sutvā bahū bhāyanti, appakā na bhāyanti. Ke pana teti? Samasīho hatthājānīyo assājānīyo usabhājānīyo purisājānīyo khīṇāsavoti. Kasmā panete na bhāyantīti? Samasīho tāva ‘‘jātigottakulasūrabhāvehi samānosmī’’ti na bhāyati, hatthājānīyādayo attano sakkāyadiṭṭhibalavatāya na bhāyanti, khīṇāsavo sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā pahīnattā na bhāyati.
「穴居的」指居住在洞穴之中、以洞穴为栖处的蛇、獴、蜥蜴等动物。「水居的」指以水为居处的鱼、鳖等。「林居的」指栖息于森林中的象、马、牛、羚羊等鹿类动物。「钻入」意指它们望着路,心想“它现在就要来捉我了”,便迅速钻入。「坚固的」即结实、牢固。「革索」即以兽皮制成的绳索。关于「大神力」等的含义:应当了知,立于伸展地,从右侧等方位跃出一牛距,以及径直跃出二十牛距等跨越方式,称为「大神力」;因对其他兽类具有统率主宰的地位,故称「大有威力」;而因其吼声能遍满三由旬之地,令众兽纷纷逃窜,故当知此为「大神力」。显示巴利原文
Bilāsayāti bile sayantā bilavāsino ahinakulagodhādayo. Udakāsayāti udakavāsino macchakacchapādayo. Vanāsayāti vanavāsino hatthiassagokaṇṇamigādayo. Pavisantīti ‘‘idāni āgantvā gaṇhissatī’’ti maggaṃ oloketvā pavisanti. Daḷhehīti thirehi. Varattehīti cammarajjūhi. Mahiddhikotiādīsu vijambhanabhūmiyaṃ ṭhatvā dakkhiṇapassādīhi usabhamattaṃ, ujuṃ vīsatiusabhamattādilaṅghanavasena mahiddhikatā, sesamigānaṃ adhipatibhāvena mahesakkhatā, samantā tiyojanaṭṭhāne saddaṃ sutvā palāyantānaṃ vasena mahānubhāvatā veditabbā.
同样地,世尊在诸经中,也随宜以种种方式来自称。如在这部经中,他将自己比作狮子而说:“比丘们!狮子,乃是如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者的称号。”在《善星经》中,则将自身比作医师、外科医生而说:“善星!医师、外科医生,乃是如来的称号。”在另一部经中,他将自己比作婆罗门而说:“比丘们!婆罗门,乃是如来的称号。”在《帝沙经》中,他将自己比作知道道路的人而说:“帝沙!知道道路的人,乃是如来的称号。”在《施乐经》中,则将自己比作国王而说:“施乐!我即是王。”而在这部狮子吼经中,他是完完全全将自己比作狮子来宣说的。显示巴利原文
Evameva khoti bhagavā tesu tesu suttantesu tathā tathā attānaṃ kathesi. ‘‘Sīhoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti (a. ni. 5.99; 10.21) imasmiṃ tāva sutte sīhasadisaṃ attānaṃ kathesi. ‘‘Bhisakko sallakattoti kho, sunakkhatta, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti (ma. ni. 3.65) imasmiṃ vejjasadisaṃ, ‘‘brāhmaṇoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti (a. ni. 8.85) imasmiṃ brāhmaṇasadisaṃ, ‘‘puriso maggakusaloti kho, tissa, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacana’’nti (saṃ. ni. 3.84) imasmiṃ maggadesakapurisasadisaṃ, ‘‘rājāhamasmi, selā’’ti (su. ni. 559; ma. ni. 2.399) imasmiṃ rājasadisaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana sutte sīhasadisameva katvā attānaṃ kathento evamāha.
在这里,两者的相似之处在于:正如狮子居住在金窟等处的那段时期,对于如来而言,应视为从他在燃灯佛足下发愿开始,历经无量时劫圆满种种波罗蜜,于最后一生结生母胎,出胎时震动一万个世界,在成长过程中享受如同天界般的圆满成就,并安住于三座宫殿之中的那一段居住时光。正如狮子从金窟中出来的那段时期,对于如来而言,应视为从二十九岁时,从敞开的城门乘犍陟马、以车匿为伴出离王宫,越过三个王国,在阿诺玛河畔披上大梵天所献的袈裟而出家;出家后第七日前往王舍城,托钵乞食后于象头山的山岩处受用斋食,最终证得正自觉,并为了初次往摩揭陀国度化而等待国王履行先前承诺的那段时期。显示巴利原文
Tatrāyaṃ sadisatā – sīhassa kañcanaguhādīsu vasanakālo viya hi tathāgatassa dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhārassa aparimitakālaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā pacchimabhave paṭisandhiggahaṇena ceva mātukucchito nikkhamanena ca dasasahassilokadhātuṃ kampetvā vuddhimanvāya dibbasampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ anubhavamānassa tīsu pāsādesu nivāsakālo daṭṭhabbo. Sīhassa kañcanaguhādito nikkhantakālo viya tathāgatassa ekūnatiṃsasaṃvacchare vivaṭena dvārena kaṇḍakaṃ āruyha channasahāyassa nikkhamitvā tīṇi rajjāni atikkamitvā anomānadītīre brahmunā dinnāni kāsāyāni paridahitvā pabbajitassa sattame divase rājagahaṃ gantvā tattha piṇḍāya caritvā paṇḍavagiripabbhāre katabhattakiccassa sammāsambodhiṃ patvā paṭhamameva magadharaṭṭhaṃ āgamanatthāya yāva rañño paṭiññādānakālo.
正如狮子伸展身体的那段时期,对于如来而言,应知是从他应允之后,前往阿罗逻迦罗摩处起,直到他将善生女所供养的乳粥、以四十九团食受用完毕的那段时期。正如狮子抖动身体的那段时期,对于如来而言,应知是在傍晚时分,他接受了苏谛耶供养的八捆草,受到一万轮围世界诸天的赞叹,被香等供养,右绕菩提树三匝,登上菩提座,在十四肘高的地方铺好草座,决意发起四支精进而坐;就在那一刹那,他摧破了魔军的力量,于初夜、中夜、后夜三时清净三明,然后又以顺观与逆观,用双重的智慧去搅拌深广的缘起大海;当他通达了一切知智,并以威神力震动一万世界时,这段时期应作如此理解。显示巴利原文
Sīhassa vijambhanakālo viya tathāgatassa dinnapaṭiññassa āḷārakālāmaupasaṅkamanaṃ ādiṃ katvā yāva sujātāya dinnapāyāsassa ekūnapaṇṇāsāya piṇḍehi paribhuttakālo veditabbo. Sīhassa sarīravidhunanaṃ viya sāyanhasamaye sottiyena dinnā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatāhi thomiyamānassa gandhādīhi pūjiyamānassa tikkhattuṃ bodhiṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha cuddasahatthubbedhe ṭhāne tiṇasantharaṃ attharitvā caturaṅgavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nisinnassa taṃkhaṇaññeva mārabalaṃ vidhametvā tīsu yāmesu tisso vijjā visodhetvā anulomappaṭilomaṃ paṭiccasamuppādamahāsamuddaṃ yamakañāṇamanthanena manthentassa sabbaññutaññāṇe paṭividdhe tadanubhāvena dasasahassilokadhātukampanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
正如狮子观察四方,当知:如来通达一切知智后,于菩提座上安住七七日,受用蜜丸之食。其后于阿阇波罗尼拘律树下,接受大梵天请法,安住彼处。于第十一日黎明时分,了他知阿罗逻与忧陀罗已命终,为说法而观察五比丘。又如同狮子为觅食而行,当知:如来亲手执持钵与衣,于午后从阿阇波罗尼拘律树起身,心念“我将为五比丘转法轮”,便踏上了十八由旬的路程。显示巴利原文
Sīhassa catudisāvilokanaṃ viya paṭividdhasabbaññutaññāṇassa sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍe viharitvā paribhuttamadhupiṇḍikāhārassa ajapālanigrodhamūle mahābrahmuno dhammadesanāyācanaṃ paṭiggahetvā tattha viharantassa ekādasame divase ‘‘sve āsāḷhipuṇṇamā bhavissatī’’ti paccūsasamaye ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyya’’nti āḷārudakānaṃ kālakatabhāvaṃ ñatvā dhammadesanatthāya pañcavaggiyānaṃ olokanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīhassa gocaratthāya tiyojanaṃ gamanakālo viya attano pattacīvaraṃ ādāya ‘‘pañcavaggiyānaṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattessāmī’’ti pacchābhatte ajapālanigrodhato vuṭṭhitassa aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ gamanakālo.
当知:正如狮子吼叫之时,如来步行十八由旬,教化五比丘已,端坐于不动金刚座上,为一万轮围世界云集的天众所围绕,以“诸比丘,此二边乃出家者所不应亲近”等开端,转于法轮。就在此说法之时,如来狮子之音,下彻无间地狱,上至有顶天,遍满十千世界。又如狮子吼声令小兽生起恐惧,当知:如来开示三相,以四圣谛十六行相,及以六十种、千种理门分别演说佛法时,令长寿天众生起智悚惧。显示巴利原文
Sīhassa sīhanādakālo viya tathāgatassa aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ gantvā pañcavaggiye saññāpetvā acalapallaṅke nisinnassa dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi sannipatitena devagaṇena parivutassa ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā’’tiādinā nayena dhammacakkappavattanakālo veditabbo. Imasmiṃ ca pana pade desiyamāne tathāgatasīhassa dhammaghoso heṭṭhā avīciṃ upari bhavaggaṃ gahetvā dasasahassilokadhātuṃ paṭicchādesi. Sīhassa saddena khuddakapāṇānaṃ santāsāpajjanakālo viya tathāgatassa tīṇi lakkhaṇāni dīpetvā cattāri saccāni soḷasahākārehi saṭṭhiyā ca nayasahassehi vibhajitvā dhammaṃ kathentassa dīghāyukānaṃ devānaṃ ñāṇasantāsassa uppattikālo veditabbo.
复次,又如狮子:证得一切知智的如来,从如同金窟(自己巢穴)的香室出来,是出穴之时;舒展身体,是前往法堂之时;观察四方,是观察大众之时;发出狮子吼,是说法之时;为觅食而外出,是为摧破外道论议而前往之时。显示巴利原文
Aparo nayo – sīho viya sabbaññutaṃ patto tathāgato, āsayabhūtāya kanakaguhāya nikkhamanaṃ viya gandhakuṭito nikkhamanakālo, vijambhanaṃ viya dhammasabhaṃ upasaṅkamanakālo, disāvilokanaṃ viya parisāvilokanaṃ, sīhanādanadanaṃ viya dhammadesanākālo, gocarāya pakkamanaṃ viya paravādanimmaddanatthāya gamanaṃ.
另一种类比:如来犹如狮子。从依止雪山的金窟中出来,如同从以涅槃为所缘的果定中出定;伸展肢体,如同省察智;观察四方,如同观察可度众生;作狮子吼,如同对已集会的应度众生说法;为觅食而外出,如同前往未集会的应度众生之处。显示巴利原文
Aparo nayo – sīho viya tathāgato, himavantanissitāya kañcanaguhāya nikkhamanaṃ viya ārammaṇavasena nibbānanissitāya phalasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhānaṃ, vijambhanaṃ viya paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ, disāvilokanaṃ viya veneyyasattavilokanaṃ, sīhanādo viya sampattaparisāya dhammadesanā, gocarāya pakkamanaṃ viya asampattānaṃ veneyyasattānaṃ santikūpasaṅkamanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
“Yadā”(那时):指那个时刻。“Tathāgato”(如来):依前面所说的八种理由而称为如来。“Loke”(世间):指众生世间。“Uppajjati”(出现、生起):从发愿开始,直至菩提座,或至阿拉汉道智,称为“生起”;而证得阿拉汉果时,则称为“已生起”。至于“Arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”(阿拉汉、正自觉者)等词,在《清净道论》(Visuddhi. 1.124 等)的“佛随念解说”中已有详释。显示巴利原文
Yadāti yasmiṃ kāle. Tathāgatoti heṭṭhā vuttehi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi tathāgato. Loketi sattaloke. Uppajjatīti abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva bodhipallaṅkā vā arahattamaggañāṇā vā uppajjati nāma, arahattaphale pana patte uppanno nāma. Arahaṃ sammāsambuddhotiādīni visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.124 ādayo) buddhānussatiniddese vitthāritāni.
“Iti sakkāyo”(这是有身):这就是有身,只有如此分量的有身,并无超过此的有身。如此,从自性、特征、界限、范围、边际诸方面,所有五取蕴都已显示。“Iti sakkāyasamudayo”(有身之集):这便是名为有身之集。如此,“由食集而有色集”等一切也都已显示。“Iti sakkāyassa atthaṅgamo”(有身之灭):这便是有身之灭。如此,“由食灭而有色灭”等一切也已显示。显示巴利原文
Iti sakkāyoti ayaṃ sakkāyo, ettako sakkāyo, na ito bhiyyo sakkāyo atthīti. Ettāvatā sabhāvato sarasato pariyantato paricchedato parivaṭumato sabbepi pañcupādānakkhandhā dassitā honti. Iti sakkāyasamudayoti ayaṃ sakkāyassa samudayo nāma. Ettāvatā ‘‘āhārasamudayā rūpasamudayo’’tiādi sabbaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Iti sakkāyassa atthaṅgamoti ayaṃ sakkāyassa atthaṅgamo. Imināpi ‘‘āhāranirodhā rūpanirodho’’tiādi sabbaṃ dassitaṃ hoti.
「具光彩者」(Vaṇṇavantā):以身色而有光彩。「听闻法教后」(Dhammadesanaṃ sutvā):听受了如来所开示的、具足五蕴五十相庄严的教法之后。「大多数」(Yebhuyyena):这里除圣弟子天神外。因为他们是漏尽者,心中不会生起恐惧与怖畏;他们已由如理作意、正当精进而证得所应证者,因此连智的悚惧也没有。然而,对于其余天神,当他们作意“诸比丘,这无常是令人恐惧的”时,便会生起心的恐惧与怖畏,在强力观照时也会生起智的恐惧。「Bhoti」:只是一个呼唤‘尊贵者’的词。被‘有身’所含摄的众生,即被五蕴所含摄的众生。如是,当正自觉者向他们显示轮回的过患,并以三特相震撼而说法时,智的恐惧便生起了。显示巴利原文
Vaṇṇavantoti sarīravaṇṇena vaṇṇavanto. Dhammadesanaṃ sutvāti pañcasu khandhesu paṇṇāsalakkhaṇappaṭimaṇḍitaṃ tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā. Yebhuyyenāti idha ke ṭhapeti? Ariyasāvake deve. Tesaṃ hi khīṇāsavattā cittutrāsabhayampi na uppajjati, saṃviggassa yoniso padhānena pattabbaṃ pattatāya ñāṇasaṃvegopi. Itarāsaṃ pana devatānaṃ ‘‘tāso heso, bhikkhave, anicca’’nti manasikarontānaṃ cittutrāsabhayampi, balavavipassanākāle ñāṇabhayampi uppajjati. Bhoti dhammālapanamattametaṃ. Sakkāyapariyāpannāti pañcakkhandhapariyāpannā. Iti tesaṃ sammāsambuddhe vaṭṭadosaṃ dassetvā tilakkhaṇāhataṃ katvā dhammaṃ desente ñāṇabhayaṃ nāma okkamati.
「以胜知」(Abhiññāya):即了知后。「法轮」(Dhammacakkanti):指证悟之智与宣说之智。所谓证悟之智,就是用以在菩提座端坐时,以十六行相、六十千理门证悟了四谛的智。所谓宣说之智,就是用以转动三转十二行相法轮的智。这两种智都是十力者(dasabala)胸中所生之智。其中,应取法之宣说智。要知道:只要伴随的十八梵天众一起,憍陈如(Koṇḍañña)长老的入流果还未生起,他就在转起此法轮;当那入流果生起时,法轮便算作已转起了。「无敌者」(Appaṭipuggalo):指没有相似的人。「具随从者」(Yasassinī):拥有随从眷属的人。「如如者」(Tādinī):在得失等面前保持一如的人。显示巴利原文
Abhiññāyāti jānitvā. Dhammacakkanti paṭivedhañāṇampi desanāñāṇampi. Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ nāma yena ñāṇena bodhipallaṅke nisinno cattāri saccāni soḷasahākārehi saṭṭhiyā ca nayasahassehi paṭivijjhi. Desanāñāṇaṃ nāma yena ñāṇena tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Ubhayampetaṃ dasabalassa ure jātañāṇameva. Tesu dhammadesanāñāṇaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Taṃ panesa yāva aṭṭhārasabrahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ aññākoṇḍaññattherassa sotāpattiphalaṃ na uppajjati, tāva pavatteti nāma. Tasmiṃ uppanne pavattitaṃ nāma hotīti veditabbaṃ. Appaṭipuggaloti sadisapuggalarahito. Yasassinoti parivārasampannā. Tādinoti lābhālābhādīhi ekasadisassa.
4. 《净信经》注疏(Pasādasuttavaṇṇanā)显示巴利原文
4. Pasādasuttavaṇṇanā
34 第34篇。在第四经中,「aggappasādā」(最上净信)是由“aggā pasādā”(最上之净信)或“aggā vā pasādā”(或最上之净信)而来的。「yāvatā」(所有)。「apadā」(无足者):指那些无足的蛇、鱼等。「dvipadā」(二足者):指人、鸟等。「catuppadā」(四足众生):指象、马等。「bahuppadā」(多足者):指蜈蚣等多足生物。「nevasaññināsaññinoti」(非有想非无想者):指生于有顶的众生。「aggamakkhāyatīti」(被称为最上):即因为其功德而被说成是最上、最高、最胜的。「asaṅkhatāti」(无为):这里指的是涅槃。「virāgotiādīni」(离贪等):这些都是涅槃的别名。因为依靠涅槃,一切烦恼都会离染,一切欲贪、我慢等迷醉都会止息、消失而归于无有,一切渴爱都会被调伏,一切执著都会被彻底断除,诸有的转起都会被截断,渴爱会灭尽,流转的苦会灭没,一切热恼都会清凉,所以它获得这些名称。其余的内容在此都很明显。显示巴利原文
34. Catutthe aggesu pasādā, aggā vā pasādāti aggappasādā. Yāvatāti yattakā. Apadāti nippadā ahimacchādayo. Dvipadāti manussapakkhiādayo. Catuppadāti hatthiassādayo. Bahuppadāti satapadiādayo. Nevasaññināsaññinoti bhavagge nibbattasattā. Aggamakkhāyatīti guṇehi aggo uttamo seṭṭhoti akkhāyati. Asaṅkhatāti nibbānameva gahetvā vuttaṃ. Virāgotiādīni nibbānasseva nāmāni. Tañhi āgamma sabbakilesā virajjanti, sabbe rāgamadādayo madā nimmadā honti, abhāvaṃ gacchanti, sabbā pipāsā vinayaṃ upenti, sabbe ālayā samugghātaṃ gacchanti, vaṭṭāni upacchijjanti, taṇhā khīyanti, vaṭṭadukkhā nirujjhanti, sabbe pariḷāhā nibbāyanti. Tasmā etāni nāmāni labhati. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
5. 《雨势经》注疏(Vassakārasuttavaṇṇanā)显示巴利原文
5. Vassakārasuttavaṇṇanā
35 第五项:「anussaritāti」(能随念者):指能随顺而忆念者,即有能力反复忆念。「dakkhoti」(贤善者):指巧慧者。「tatrupāyāyāti」(具彼方便者):指具足‘此时应作此事’这一类在处处处可成方便之智慧的人。「anumoditabbanti」(应随喜):即应当随喜。「paṭikkositabbanti」(应呵斥):即应呵斥。「neva kho tyāhanti」(我实不……):意为我实不如此。问:‘为何世尊对此既不随喜,也不呵斥?’答:因为是世间共许的,所以不随喜;又因立足于世间意义,所以不直接呵斥。「bahussa janatāti」(有很多众人):指他拥有众多群众。应知此处属格是表‘作者’义。「ariye ñāyeti」(于圣道):此处指与观相应的道。「kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatātipi」(善法性、贤善法性):也是此道的名称。「yaṃ vitakkanti」……显示巴利原文
35. Pañcame anussaritāti anugantvā saritā, aparāparaṃ sarituṃ samatthoti attho. Dakkhoti cheko. Tatrupāyāyāti ‘‘imasmiṃ kāle imaṃ nāma kattabba’’nti evaṃ tattha tattha upāyabhūtāya paññāya samannāgato. Anumoditabbanti abhinanditabbaṃ. Paṭikkositabbanti paṭikkhipitabbaṃ. Neva kho tyāhanti neva kho te ahaṃ. Kasmā panetaṃ bhagavā nābhinandati, nappaṭikkhipatīti? Lokiyattā nābhinandati , lokiyaṃ atthaṃ gahetvā ṭhitattā nappaṭikkosati. Bahussa janatāti bahu assa janatā. Idañca karaṇatthe sāmivacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ariye ñāyeti sahavipassanake magge. Kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatātipi tasseva nāmāni. Yaṃ vitakkanti nekkhammavitakkādīsu aññataraṃ. Na taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketīti kāmavitakkādīsu ekampi na vitakketi. Itaraṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Vitakkapatheti ettha vitakkoyeva vitakkapatho. Ahañhi brāhmaṇātiādīsu paṭhamanayena khīṇāsavassa sīlañceva bāhusaccañca kathitaṃ, dutiyatatiyehi khīṇāsavassa kiriyavitakkāni ceva kiriyajjhānāni ca, catutthena khīṇāsavabhāvo kathitoti veditabbo.
「maccupāsappamocananti」(从死索解脱):指那条能从死索中解脱的道路。「ñāyaṃ dhammanti」(正理法):指与观相应之道。「disvā ca sutvā cāti」(见已与闻已):即以智慧观见之后,并听闻之后。其余之义,在此皆甚明显。显示巴利原文
Maccupāsappamocananti maccupāsā pamocanakaṃ maggaṃ. Ñāyaṃ dhammanti sahavipassanakaṃ maggaṃ. Disvā ca sutvā cāti ñāṇeneva passitvā ca suṇitvā ca. Sesamettha uttānameva.
6. 《陀那经》注疏(Doṇasuttavaṇṇanā)显示巴利原文
6. Doṇasuttavaṇṇanā
36 第六项:「antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ」句中,「ukkaṭṭhā」(乌卡他城),是因为举着火炬建造而得名的城市。「setabyā」(色达毗耶城),则是过去迦叶正自觉者的诞生地。而“antarā”(之间)一词,可用于原因、刹那、心、中间、空隙等义。譬如“Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatā”(除了如来,谁能知此中的原因?增支部6.44;10.75)、“janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tañca kimantaraṃ”(众人集会共议,你我之间究竟为何?相应部1.228)等句中,是用于原因义。又如“Addasā maṃ, bhante, aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī”(尊者,有位妇女在闪电的刹那洗涤器皿时看见了我,中部2.149)等句中,是用于刹那义。显示巴利原文
36. Chaṭṭhe antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyanti ettha ukkaṭṭhāti ukkāhi dhārīyamānāhi māpitattā evaṃladdhavohāraṃ nagaraṃ. Setabyanti atīte kassapasammāsambuddhassa jātanagaraṃ. Antarāsaddo pana kāraṇakhaṇacittavemajjhavivarādīsu vattati. ‘‘Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatā’’ti (a. ni. 6.44; 10.75) ca, ‘‘janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tañca kimantara’’nti ca ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.228) kāraṇe. ‘‘Addasā maṃ, bhante, aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) khaṇe. ‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā’’tiādīsu (udā. 20) citte. ‘‘Antarāvosānamāpādī’’tiādīsu vemajjhe. ‘‘Apicāyaṃ tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 231) vivare. Svāyamidha vivare vattati. Tasmā ukkaṭṭhāya ca setabyassa ca vivareti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Antarāsaddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘antarā gāmañca nadiñca yātī’’ti evaṃ ekameva antarāsaddaṃ payuñjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti, ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti. Idha pana yojetvā eva vutto.
“Addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti”意为:他正踏上那条名为长途的道路,也就是一条长路。为何他会踏上此路呢?据说,那一天世尊这样观察:“当我走上那条路时,陀那婆罗门看到我的足迹塔后,便会循着足迹一步步跟来,来到我的坐处向我提问。那时,我将为他说一种谛法。这位婆罗门将证得三种沙门果,随后宣说一篇由一万二千音节构成、名为‘陀那雷音’的赞颂。在我般涅槃后,他将平息整个赡部洲所生起的大争论,并分配舍利。”正因为这个因缘,世尊踏上了那条路。而“陀那婆罗门也”一句,是指陀那婆罗门精通三吠陀,正在教导五百位年轻人学艺。那天他早起整理仪容,穿上价值百钱的内衣,披上一件价值五百钱、单肩披挂的上衣,佩戴好祭祀用的绦线,套上一双红色皮鞋,在五百位年轻人的围绕下,也踏上了同一条路。此段正是对此而说。显示巴利原文
Addhānamaggappaṭipanno hotīti addhānasaṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ paṭipanno hoti, dīghamagganti attho. Kasmā paṭipannoti? Taṃ divasaṃ kira bhagavā idaṃ addasa ‘‘mayi taṃ maggaṃ paṭipanne doṇo brāhmaṇo mama padacetiyāni passitvā padānupadiko hutvā mama nisinnaṭṭhānaṃ āgantvā pañhaṃ pucchissati. Athassāhaṃ ekaṃ saccadhammaṃ desessāmi . Brāhmaṇo tīṇi sāmaññaphalāni paṭivijjhitvā dvādasapadasahassaparimāṇaṃ doṇagajjitaṃ nāma vaṇṇaṃ vatvā mayi parinibbute sakalajambudīpe uppannaṃ mahākalahaṃ vūpasametvā dhātuyo bhājessatī’’ti. Iminā kāraṇena paṭipanno. Doṇopi sudaṃ brāhmaṇoti doṇo brāhmaṇopi tayo vede paguṇe katvā pañcasate māṇavake sippaṃ vācento taṃdivasaṃ pātova uṭṭhāya sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā satagghanakaṃ nivāsetvā pañcasatagghanakaṃ ekaṃsavaragataṃ katvā āmuttayaññasutto rattavaṭṭikā upāhanā ārohitvā pañcasatamāṇavakaparivāro tameva maggaṃ paṭipajji. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ.
“pādesūti”指用双脚踩踏之处。“cakkānīti”指相的轮纹。然而,世尊行走时,踩过的地方会显出脚印吗?不会。为什么呢?因为皮肤极细、力量极大,也是出于对大众的悲悯。诸佛皮肤极为细滑,所以踩过的地方如同棉绒落地之处一般,不会现出脚印。又如同力大迅捷的神骏宝马,踩在莲叶上也仅仅是轻踏而过;由于如来有大力量,他踩过的地方也仅仅是轻踏而过,那里并不显出脚印。再者,诸佛身后总有大批大众跟随,他们见到导师的脚印后不忍心去踩,可能因此而停下脚步。因此,在那些被踩过的地方,纵然本应有些痕迹,也都会就此消失。然而,度诺婆罗门是依如来的决意而看见了足迹。因为当世尊想让某人看见自己的足迹塔时,便会以那人为对象发愿:‘愿某人看见。’因此,如同摩犍提婆罗门一样,这位婆罗门也是依如来的决意才看见的。显示巴利原文
Pādesūti pādehi akkantaṭṭhānesu. Cakkānīti lakkhaṇacakkāni. Kiṃ pana bhagavato gacchantassa akkantaṭṭhāne padaṃ paññāyatīti? Na paññāyati . Kasmā? Sukhumattā mahābalattā mahājanānuggahena ca. Buddhānañhi sukhumacchavitāya akkantaṭṭhānaṃ tūlapicuno patiṭṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ viya hoti, padavaḷañjo na paññāyati. Yathā ca balavato vātajavasindhavassa paduminipattepi akkantamattameva hoti, evaṃ mahābalatāya tathāgatena akkantaṭṭhānaṃ akkantamattameva hoti, na tattha padavaḷañjo paññāyati. Buddhānañca anupadaṃ mahājanakāyo gacchati, tassa satthu padavaḷañjaṃ disvā maddituṃ avisahantassa gamanavicchedo bhaveyya. Tasmā akkantaakkantaṭṭhāne yopi padavaḷañjo bhaveyya, so antaradhāyateva. Doṇo pana brāhmaṇo tathāgatassa adhiṭṭhānavasena passi. Bhagavā hi yassa padacetiyaṃ dassetukāmo hoti, taṃ ārabbha ‘‘asuko nāma passatū’’ti adhiṭṭhāti. Tasmā māgaṇḍiyabrāhmaṇo viya ayampi brāhmaṇo tathāgatassa adhiṭṭhānavasena addasa.
“Pāsādikanti”指能产生净信。“Itaraṃ”是它的同义词。在“Uttamadamathasamathamanuppattanti”一句中,“uttamadamatha”(最上调伏)是指阿拉汉道,“uttamasamatha”(最上寂止)是指阿拉汉道定;整句的意思就是已经达到了这两者。“Dantanti”指已调伏、没有烦扰。“Guttanti”指已防护。“Saṃyatindriyanti”指已守护诸根。“Nāganti”(龙象)是指由四种原因而称为龙象:不驰赴欲贪等、已断烦恼不复返、不造作恶、具有大力。显示巴利原文
Pāsādikanti pasādajanakaṃ. Itaraṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Uttamadamathasamathamanuppattanti ettha uttamadamatho nāma arahattamaggo, uttamasamatho nāma arahattamaggasamādhi, tadubhayaṃ pattanti attho . Dantanti nibbisevanaṃ. Guttanti gopitaṃ. Saṃyatindriyanti rakkhitindriyaṃ. Nāganti chandādīhi agacchanato, pahīnakilese puna anāgacchanato, āguṃ akaraṇato, balavantaṭṭhenāti catūhi kāraṇehi nāgaṃ.
在「Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatīti」一句中,仅凭「Devo no bhavaṃ」(您将成为天神吗)这样的问句,提问本身就已完整。但这位婆罗门是就未来而言,以提问的口吻说道:‘您将来会成为一位大威力的天王吧?’世尊也同样顺着问话的口气回答:‘婆罗门,我不会成为天神。’这一理则适用于所有其他地方。「Āsavānanti」指欲漏等四种漏。「Pahīnāti」指在菩提座上证得一切知智时便已断尽。「Anupalitto lokenāti」指由于断除了爱、见等烦恼,因而不被行世间所染。「Buddhoti」指因为觉悟了四圣谛,故应了知我是佛陀。显示巴利原文
Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatīti ettha ‘‘devo no bhava’’nti ettāvatāpi pucchā niṭṭhitā bhaveyya, ayaṃ pana brāhmaṇo ‘‘anāgate mahesakkho eko devarājā bhavissatī’’ti anāgatavasena pucchāsabhāgeneva kathento evamāha. Bhagavāpissa pucchāsabhāgeneva kathento na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmīti āha. Esa nayo sabbattha. Āsavānanti kāmāsavādīnaṃ catunnaṃ. Pahīnāti bodhipallaṅke sabbaññutaññāṇādhigameneva pahīnā. Anupalitto lokenāti taṇhādiṭṭhilepānaṃ pahīnattā saṅkhāralokena anupalitto. Buddhoti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ buddhattā buddho iti maṃ dhārehi.
「Yenāti」即由那种漏。「Devūpapatyassāti」意为‘我会有往生天界的情况’。「Vihaṅgamoti」指在空中飞行的乾闼婆身天神。「Viddhastāti」即已被摧毁。「Vinaḷīkatāti」即已除去箭刺、解除束缚。「Vaggūti」即美好。「Toyena nupalippatīti」意思是如同宝珠露出水面,令莲花光彩,使蜂群欢喜,却不被水所沾染。因此,世尊说:‘婆罗门,我是佛陀。’开示结束时,度诺婆罗门证得了三种道果,并以一万二千个音节宣说了名为‘度诺雷音’的赞颂。如来般涅槃后,他平息了赡部洲洲中生起的大诤论,并分配了舍利。显示巴利原文
Yenāti yena āsavena. Devūpapatyassāti devūpapatti assa mayhaṃ bhaveyya. Vihaṅgamoti ākāsacaro gandhabbakāyikadevo. Viddhastāti vidhamitā. Vinaḷīkatāti vigatanaḷā vigatabandhanā katā. Vaggūti sundaraṃ. Toyena nupalippatīti udakato ratanamattaṃ accuggamma ṭhitaṃ saraṃ sobhayamānaṃ bhamaragaṇaṃ hāsayamānaṃ toyena na lippati. Tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇāti desanāpariyosāne tīṇi maggaphalāni pāpuṇitvā dvādasahi padasahassehi doṇagajjitaṃ nāma vaṇṇaṃ kathesi, tathāgate ca parinibbute jambudīpatale uppannaṃ mahākalahaṃ vūpasametvā dhātuyo bhājesīti.
不退法经注显示巴利原文
7. Aparihāniyasuttavaṇṇanā
37 第七经中,「nibbānasseva santike」指即行持于涅槃的近处。「Sīle patiṭṭhito」是安住于巴帝摩卡戒。「Evaṃvihārī」是这般安住。「Ātāpī」是具足精勤。「Yogakkhemassāti」指从四种轭中获得安稳的涅槃。「Pamāde bhayadassivā」是将放逸视为怖畏者。显示巴利原文
37. Sattame nibbānasseva santiketi nibbānasantikeyeva carati. Sīle patiṭṭhitoti pātimokkhasīle patiṭṭhito. Evaṃvihārīti evaṃ viharanto. Ātāpīti ātāpena vīriyena samannāgato. Yogakkhemassāti catūhi yogehi khemassa nibbānassa. Pamāde bhayadassivāti pamādaṃ bhayato passanto.
隐没经注显示巴利原文
8. Patilīnasuttavaṇṇanā
38 在第八经中,「panuṇṇapaccekasaccoti」是指那些被各别执取为‘只有此见是真实的,这才是真实’、被分别称为‘各别谛’的邪见之谛,已被抛弃、去除、断除,因此称为已断除各别谛者。在「Samavayasaṭṭhesanoti」一词中,「avayā」即不缺少,「saṭṭhā」即已放下;正确而不缺少、已放下的寻求,称为「samavayasaṭṭhesano」,意思是已彻底舍断一切寻求。「Patilīnoti」是指已退隐,进入独一的状态。「Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānanti」是指众多的沙门、婆罗门——这里的‘沙门’指出家者,‘婆罗门’指自称‘尊者’者。「Puthupaccekasaccānīti」即众多的各别谛。「Nuṇṇānīti」已去除,「Panuṇṇānīti」已彻底去除,「Cattānīti」已放下,「Vantānīti」已吐出,「Muttānīti」已解除束缚,「Pahīnānīti」已断除,「Paṭinissaṭṭhānīti」已彻底舍离。显示巴利原文
38. Aṭṭhame panuṇṇapaccekasaccoti ‘‘idameva dassanaṃ saccaṃ, idameva sacca’’nti evaṃ pāṭiekkaṃ gahitattā paccekasaṅkhātāni diṭṭhisaccāni panuṇṇāni nīhaṭāni pahīnāni assāti panuṇṇapaccekasacco. Samavayasaṭṭhesanoti ettha avayāti anūnā, saṭṭhāti vissaṭṭhā, sammā avayā saṭṭhā esanā assāti samavayasaṭṭhesano, sammā vissaṭṭhasabbaesanoti attho. Patilīnoti nilīno ekībhāvaṃ upagato. Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānanti bahūnaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Ettha ca samaṇāti pabbajjūpagatā, brāhmaṇāti bhovādino. Puthupaccekasaccānīti bahūni pāṭekkasaccāni. Nuṇṇānīti nīhaṭāni. Panuṇṇānīti suṭṭhu nīhaṭāni. Cattānīti vissaṭṭhāni. Vantānīti vamitāni. Muttānīti chinnabandhanāni katāni. Pahīnānīti pajahitāni. Paṭinissaṭṭhānīti yathā na puna cittaṃ ārohanti, evaṃ paṭinissajjitāni. Sabbānevetāni gahitagahaṇassa vissaṭṭhabhāvavevacanāni.
「欲的寻求已被断除」:意即由不还道所断除。而「有的寻求」则由阿拉汉道断除。至于「梵行的寻求」,即以‘我将寻求、探索梵行’这种方式生起的内心倾向,它也是由阿拉汉道而得以止息、寂灭的。不过,关于见的梵行寻求,应知是由入流道所止息的。如是,比丘们,「如此」是指:以第四禅那,身行轻安、出入息寂灭的状态。而「我慢」是指生起‘我是’之想的九种慢。显示巴利原文
Kāmesanā pahīnā hotīti anāgāmimaggena pahīnā. Bhavesanā pana arahattamaggena pahīyati. ‘‘Brahmacariyaṃ esissāmi gavesissāmī’’ti evaṃ pavattajjhāsayasaṅkhātā brahmacariyesanāpi arahattamaggeneva paṭippassaddhiṃ vūpasamaṃ gacchati. Diṭṭhibrahmacariyesanā pana sotāpattimaggeneva paṭippasambhatīti veditabbā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhaveti evaṃ catutthajjhānena passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro vūpasantaassāsapassāso nāma hoti. Asmimānoti asmīti uppajjanako navavidhamāno.
在偈颂中,「欲的寻求」和「有的寻求」是两种寻求,而「与梵行的寻求一起」则指与此二种寻求相伴随的梵行寻求,如是成为三种寻求。此句应与‘住于此而脱离寻求’之文结合理解。如是,「执取真实」是指内心紧执‘这是真的,这是真的’;而「见之住立」正是所谓‘见’,这些由于生起而住立,故被称为‘高举’——他们一切皆名高举。继而应结合‘住于此而破除了见之住立’之句来理解。那么,是谁脱离这些寻求?是谁破除这些见住立?是那对一切贪染已离染、渴爱灭尽而解脱者。因为他已离一切贪染,且于渴爱灭尽的涅槃中所生起的阿拉汉果解脱中具足,所以他的寻求已脱离,见住立已破除。「他确实是寂静」:由于烦恼的寂灭,他寂静。「轻安」:指具足身轻安与心轻安两种轻安,故称轻安。「无败」:因已征服一切烦恼而安住,不被任何所败,故称无败。「以慢的彻底止灭」:即由断除慢而彻底止灭。「觉者」:因觉悟四圣谛而得名。如此,此经与诸偈颂所说,皆为诸漏尽者。显示巴利原文
Gāthāsu kāmesanā bhavesanāti etā dve esanā, brahmacariyesanā sahāti tāhiyeva saha brahmacariyesanāti tissopi etā. Idha ṭhatvā esanā paṭinissaṭṭhāti iminā padena saddhiṃ yojanā kātabbā. Iti saccaparāmāso, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samussayāti ‘‘iti saccaṃ iti sacca’’nti gahaṇaparāmāso ca diṭṭhisaṅkhātāyeva diṭṭhiṭṭhānā ca ye samussitattā uggantvā ṭhitattā samussayāti vuccanti, te sabbepi. Idha ṭhatvā diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samūhatāti iminā padena saddhiṃ yojanā kātabbā. Kassa pana etā esanā paṭinissaṭṭhā, ete ca diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samūhatāti? Sabbarāgavirattassa taṇhākkhayavimuttino. Yo hi sabbarāgehipi viratto, taṇhākkhaye ca nibbāne pavattāya arahattaphalavimuttiyā samannāgato, etassa esanā paṭinissaṭṭhā, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā ca samūhatā . Sa ve santoti so evarūpo kilesasantatāya santo. Passaddhoti dvīhi kāyacittapassaddhīhi passaddho. Aparājitoti sabbakilese jinitvā ṭhitattā kenaci aparājito. Mānābhisamayāti mānassa pahānābhisamayena. Buddhoti cattāri saccāni bujjhitvā ṭhito. Iti imasmiṃ suttepi gāthāsupi khīṇāsavova kathitoti.
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9. Ujjayasuttavaṇṇanā
39 第九经中:「他们遭受杀戮」即遭受杀害、死亡。「常施」即食条饭。「随顺的祭祀」意思是:因我们的父亲、祖父辈曾行施舍,故依随顺家族的传统,应当祭祀、应当布施。关于「马祭」等:「马祭」意为以马献祭。这是应依两种助祭法、设有二十一祭柱,除土地与男子之外其余一切财富皆作布施的祭祀的名称。「人祭」意为以人献祭,这是应依四种助祭法、连同土地以及如马祭中所说的财富为布施的祭祀的名称。「普祭」是在祭祀中投掷标枪,每日投掷,于落下的地方建立祭坛,使用可移动的祭柱等,从沉入萨拉斯瓦蒂河处逆流而上,应祭祀一切献祭,此即此祭祀的名称。「苏摩祭」意为在祭祀中饮力,这是应依一种助祭法、使用十七头牲畜、以孟加拉苹果树为祭柱、具备十七种布施的祭祀的名称。「无闩」意为此处没有门闩。这是应依九种助祭法、连同土地与男子及马祭中所说的财富为布施、名为一切献祭的马祭变体的名称。「大营造」即大事业、大应作。而且,由于杀生等营造本身极为广大,故亦得名。显示巴利原文
39. Navame saṅghātaṃ āpajjantīti vadhaṃ maraṇaṃ āpajjanti. Niccadānanti salākabhattaṃ. Anukulayaññanti amhākaṃ pitūhi pitāmahehi dinnattā evaṃ kulānukulavasena yajitabbaṃ, dātabbanti attho. Assamedhantiādīsu assamettha medhantīti assamedho, dvīhi pariyaññehi yajitabbassa ekavīsatiyūpassa ṭhapetvā bhūmiñca purise ca avasesasabbavibhavadakkhiṇassa yaññassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Purisamettha medhantīti purisamedho, catūhi pariyaññehi yajitabbassa saddhiṃ bhūmiyā assamedhe vuttavibhavadakkhiṇassa yaññassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sammamettha pāsantīti sammāpāso, divase divase sammaṃ khipitvā tassa patitokāse vediṃ katvā saṃhārimehi yūpādīhi sarassatinadiyā nimuggokāsato pabhuti paṭilomaṃ gacchantena yajitabbassa sabbayāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vājamettha pivantīti vājapeyyaṃ, ekena pariyaññena sattarasahi pasūhi yajitabbassa beluvayūpassa sattarasakadakkhiṇassa yaññassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Natthi ettha aggaḷāti niraggaḷo. Navahi pariyaññehi yajitabbassa saddhiṃ bhūmiyā purisehi ca assamedhe vuttavibhavadakkhiṇassa sabbamedhapariyāyanāmassa assamedhavikappassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Mahārambhāti mahākiccā mahākaraṇīyā. Apica pāṇātipātasamārambhassa mahantatāyapi mahārambhāyeva. Na te honti mahapphalāti ettha niravasesatthe sāvasesarūpanaṃ kataṃ. Tasmā iṭṭhaphalena nipphalāva hontīti attho. Idañca pāṇātipātasamārambhameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana tattha antarantarā dānaṃ diyyati, taṃ iminā samārambhena upahatattā mahapphalaṃ na hoti, mandaphalaṃ hotīti attho. Haññareti haññanti. Yajanti anukulaṃ sadāti ye aññe anukulaṃ yajanti, pubbapurisehi yiṭṭhattā pacchimapurisāpi yajantīti attho. Seyyo hotīti visesova hoti. Na pāpiyoti pāpaṃ kiñci na hoti.
10. 伍达宜经注显示巴利原文
10. Udāyisuttavaṇṇanā
40 第十经中:「积集」即堆积起来。「无营造」即远离杀生等营造。「祭祀」指应施的财物,因其应当被奉献,故称为祭祀。「适时」即适当的时机。「他们亲近」即他们前往。「已超越家族」即已超越轮回中的家系与趣向。「精通祭祀者」即善巧于四地祭祀的人。「在祭施」即平常的布施。「在信施」即对亡者的布施。作了「献供」即准备了应供奉的布施物。「在良田,即梵行者中」意为在称作梵行者的良田之中。「善得」即很好地获得。「凡在所应施中作了」指在适合布施的应施者那里所准备的布施,那即是善献、善供、善得。「有信」因相信佛、法、僧的功德而具有信心。「以解脱的心」即以放下、不执着的心,这是为了表明他施舍时的解脱心。显示巴利原文
40. Dasame abhisaṅkhatanti rāsikataṃ. Nirārambhanti pāṇasamārambharahitaṃ. Yaññanti deyyadhammaṃ. Tañhi yajitabbattā yaññanti vuccati. Kālenāti yuttappattakālena. Upasaṃyantīti upagacchanti. Kulaṃ gatinti vaṭṭakulañceva vaṭṭagatiñca atikkantā. Yaññassakovidāti catubhūmakayaññe kusalā. Yaññeti pakatidāne. Saddheti matakadāne. Habyaṃ katvāti hunitabbaṃ deyyadhammaṃ upakappetvā. Sukhette brahmacārisūti brahmacārisaṅkhāte sukhettamhīti attho. Suppattanti suṭṭhu pattaṃ. Dakkhiṇeyyesu yaṃ katanti yaṃ dakkhiṇāya anucchavikesu upakappitaṃ, taṃ suhutaṃ suyiṭṭhaṃ suppattanti attho. Saddhoti buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇānaṃ saddahanatāya saddho. Muttena cetasāti vissaṭṭhena cittena. Imināssa muttacāgaṃ dīpetīti.