《巴提卡品注释》显示巴利原文
Pāthikavaggaṭṭhakathā
1. 巴提卡经释义显示巴利原文
1. Pāthikasuttavaṇṇanā
善星事释义显示巴利原文
Sunakkhattavatthuvaṇṇanā
1 如是我闻……住于末罗人中:此为《巴提卡经》。以下是其中未解释词语的逐词注释。「住于末罗人中」:“末罗”本指该地的王族子弟,其所居地区也依俗称为“末罗”,因此“住于末罗人中”即是住于那末罗人的地区。「名为阿奴比耶的末罗人聚落」:阿奴比耶,是末罗人地区中如此命名的一个聚落。世尊即以此聚落为托钵行境,住于一个有树荫、有清水的树林中。又或读作“阿诺比耶”。「已进入」:即已经进入了。然世尊当时实际尚未进入,只因已出发且心想“我将进入”,故说为“已进入”。这好比有人心想“我要去村庄”便出发了,虽然尚未到村,但当别人问“某人在何处?”时,却回答说“他去村庄了”一般。「他心生此念」:他站在村落附近观察太阳时,心中这么想。「现在时候尚早」:现在时候还太早,各家各户的粥和饭食都尚未准备好。莫非世尊不知时间便出发了吗?并非不知。因为黎明时分,世尊便铺开智网观察世间,在此智网中,他见到一位名叫婆伽种的车匿游方者,知道:“今天我……显示巴利原文
1.Evaṃme sutaṃ…pe… mallesu viharatīti pāthikasuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ apubbapadavaṇṇanā. Mallesu viharatīti mallā nāma jānapadino rājakumārā, tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhīsaddena ‘‘mallā’’ti vuccati, tasmiṃ mallesu janapade. ‘‘Anupiyaṃ nāma mallānaṃ nigamo’’ti anupiyanti evaṃnāmako mallānaṃ janapadassa eko nigamo, taṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvā ekasmiṃ chāyūdakasampanne vanasaṇḍe viharatīti attho. Anopiyantipi pāṭho. Pāvisīti paviṭṭho. Bhagavā pana na tāva paviṭṭho, pavisissāmīti nikkhantattā pana pāvisīti vutto. Yathā kiṃ, yathā ‘‘gāmaṃ gamissāmī’’ti nikkhanto puriso taṃ gāmaṃ apattopi ‘‘kuhiṃ itthannāmo’’ti vutte ‘‘gāmaṃ gato’’ti vuccati, evaṃ. Etadahosīti gāmasamīpe ṭhatvā sūriyaṃ olokentassa etadahosi. Atippago khoti ativiya pago kho, na tāva kulesu yāgubhattaṃ niṭṭhitanti. Kiṃ pana bhagavā kālaṃ ajānitvā nikkhantoti? Na ajānitvā. Paccūsakāleyeva hi bhagavā ñāṇajālaṃ pattharitvā lokaṃ volokento ñāṇajālassa anto paviṭṭhaṃ bhaggavagottaṃ channaparibbājakaṃ disvā ‘‘ajjāhaṃ imassa paribbājakassa mayā pubbe katakāraṇaṃ samāharitvā dhammaṃ kathessāmi, sā dhammakathā assa mayi pasādappaṭilābhavasena saphalā bhavissatī’’ti ñatvāva paribbājakārāmaṃ pavisitukāmo atippagova nikkhami. Tasmā tattha pavisitukāmatāya evaṃ cittaṃ uppādesi.
2 「他说了这些」:他见到世尊后,未曾因慢心而姿态僵硬,反而起身迎接导师,说出了“请进,尊者”等这些话。「这次机会」:指这次的时机,即今天这次到来的机会。难道世尊以前也曾到过那里吗?并非曾到过,而是随顺世间的表达习惯才这样说的。因为世间人见到一位悦意可爱的人到来时,即使对方是久别重逢或从未到访,也常常会说:“尊驾从何而来?久违了,尊驾!这条路您是如何知晓的?莫非迷了路?”等等。因此,应理解为,他也是随顺世间通行的说法而这样说的。「这是座位」:他一边说着,一边抖去灰尘,整理好自己坐的座位,然后递给对方。「离车族王子善星」:指名叫善星的离车族王子。据说,他是世尊的在家同伴,时常到他那里去。「已公开舍弃」:即“尊者,我今公开舍弃世尊!尊者,我从今以后不再以世尊为依止而住!”他如是公开地舍弃、脱离、抛弃了世尊。显示巴利原文
2.Etadavocāti bhagavantaṃ disvā mānathaddhataṃ akatvā satthāraṃ paccuggantvā etaṃ etu kho, bhantetiādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Imaṃ pariyāyanti imaṃ vāraṃ, ajja imaṃ āgamanavāranti attho. Kiṃ pana bhagavā pubbepi tattha gatapubboti? Na gatapubbo, lokasamudācāravasena pana evamāha. Lokiyā hi cirassaṃ āgatampi anāgatapubbampi manāpajātikaṃ āgataṃ disvā ‘‘kuto bhavaṃ āgato, cirassaṃ bhavaṃ āgato, kathaṃ te idhāgamanamaggo ñāto, kiṃ maggamūḷhosī’’tiādīni vadanti. Tasmā ayampi lokasamudācāravasena evamāhāti veditabbo. Idamāsananti attano nisinnāsanaṃ papphoṭetvā sampādetvā dadamāno evamāha. Sunakkhatto licchaviputtoti sunakkhatto nāma licchavirājaputto. So kira tassa gihisahāyo hoti, kālena kālaṃ tassa santikaṃ gacchati. Paccakkhātoti ‘‘paccakkhāmi dānāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ na dānāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ uddissa viharissāmī’’ti evaṃ paṭiakkhāto nissaṭṭho pariccatto.
3 3.「依赖世尊」:指他宣称:“世尊是我的导师,我遵照世尊的教诫行事。”「你是什么身份,你在拒绝谁?」:这就像一个施主拒绝一个乞求者,或者一个乞求者拒绝一个施主。然而,你既不是施主,也不是乞求者。在这种情况下,无用之人,你是什么身份,你在拒绝谁?他就是这样指出的。「你看,你这无用之人」:你看,你这空虚之人。「你在这件事上的过失有多大」:你在这件事上的过失有多大,你的过错有多大,婆伽族者,我就这样指出他的过失有多大。显示巴利原文
3.Bhagavantaṃ uddissāti bhagavā me satthā ‘‘bhagavato ahaṃ ovādaṃ paṭikaromī’’ti evaṃ apadisitvā. Ko santo kaṃ paccācikkhasīti yācako vā yācitakaṃ paccācikkheyya, yācitako vā yācakaṃ. Tvaṃ pana neva yācako na yācitako, evaṃ sante, moghapurisa, ko santo ko samāno kaṃ paccācikkhasīti dasseti. Passa moghapurisāti passa tucchapurisa. Yāvañca te idaṃ aparaddhanti yattakaṃ idaṃ tava aparaddhaṃ, yattako te aparādho tattako dosoti evāhaṃ bhaggava tassa dosaṃ āropesinti dasseti.
4 「上人法」:指超出五戒、十戒等凡夫法之上的法。「神变」:即神通所现的变化。「做或未做」:指施展或未施展神变。「为了何种目的」:为了灭尽苦的目的。「它属于修行者」:他问的是:‘我所教导的法,对于如法修行、正确实践的人,是否真能导向一切轮回之苦的灭尽、证悟不死涅槃?’「善星,对此」:既然我教导的法确实能令修行者正确灭苦,那么无论施展还是未施展上人法神变,又有什么关系?做与不做,有何意义?因为施展与否,对我的教法都无减损。我是为了让天人们证得不死涅槃而修行种种彼岸法,并非为了显现神变。如此指出神变毫无意义之后,他第二次指其过失说:‘你看,你这无用之人。’显示巴利原文
4.Uttarimanussadhammāti pañcasīladasasīlasaṅkhātā manussadhammāuttari. Iddhipāṭihāriyanti iddhibhūtaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. Kate vāti katamhi vā. Yassatthāyāti yassa dukkhakkhayassa atthāya. Soniyyāti takkarassāti so dhammo takkarassa yathā mayā dhammo desito, tathā kārakassa sammā paṭipannassa puggalassa sabbavaṭṭadukkhakkhayāya amatanibbānasacchikiriyāya gacchati, na gacchati, saṃvattati, na saṃvattatīti pucchati. Tatra sunakkhattāti tasmiṃ sunakkhatta mayā desite dhamme takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya saṃvattamāne kiṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ kataṃ karissati, ko tena katena attho. Tasmiñhi katepi akatepi mama sāsanassa parihāni natthi, devamanussānañhi amatanibbānasampāpanatthāya ahaṃ pāramiyo pūresiṃ, na pāṭihāriyakaraṇatthāyāti pāṭihāriyassa niratthakataṃ dassetvā ‘‘passa, moghapurisā’’ti dutiyaṃ dosaṃ āropesi.
5 「最高」:指世间的施设。虽然可以说‘这是世间之最’,但他并未施设那应被了知的、作为最上界限的东西。其余部分,顺着前文的论说即可了知。显示巴利原文
5.Aggaññanti lokapaññattiṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ nāma lokassa agga’’nti evaṃ jānitabbampi aggaṃ mariyādaṃ na taṃ paññapetīti vadati. Sesamettha anantaravādānusāreneva veditabbaṃ.
6 「以多种方式」:为何要说这个呢?据说,善星心想:‘我要抹黑世尊的功德,挑出他的过失。’便如此胡言乱语了一番。然而,当他听闻世尊的说法时,便站不住脚,哑口无言了。显示巴利原文
6.Anekapariyāyena khoti idaṃ kasmā āraddhaṃ. Sunakkhatto kira ‘‘bhagavato guṇaṃ makkhessāmi, ‘‘dosaṃ paññapessāmī’’ti ettakaṃ vippalapitvā bhagavato kathaṃ suṇanto appatiṭṭho niravo aṭṭhāsi.
当时,世尊为了阐明心怀嗔垢的过患,开示了“以种种方式……”等语,意思是:“善星,你如此安住于嗔垢之中,只会自招呵责。”其中,“以种种方式”指以种种理由。“跋耆村”指跋耆王的村庄,也就是毘舍离城,“不能”即未能做到。“他不能”指那位善星,先前赞叹三宝功德时,连嘴都张不开,如今却用同一张嘴来诽谤,确实无力修持梵行,出于自己的愚痴,口出恶行后便退堕于下劣。然而,佛陀确是善觉者,法是善说,僧是善行。当众人如此称扬三宝时,你的过失便显露无遗。如是,“对于你”,善星,自然会有议论者。由此,当这种过失将要生起时,导师具备对过去未来的无碍智慧,虽已了知“我将会有这样的过失现前”,但为了不让你说“世尊事先未曾说过”,于是宣说“确实已离去”,指出他确实已经离去,或者说已经死去。“如同应堕恶道者那样”意思是,就像应生于恶道的众生那般离去,他正是那样离去的。显示巴利原文
Atha bhagavā – ‘‘sunakkhatta, evaṃ tvaṃ makkhibhāve ṭhito sayameva garahaṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti makkhibhāve ādīnavadassanatthaṃ anekapariyāyenātiādimāha. Tattha anekapariyāyenāti anekakāraṇena. Vajjigāmeti vajjirājānaṃ gāme, vesālīnagare no visahīti nāsakkhi. So avisahantoti so sunakkhatto yassa pubbe tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ kathentassa mukhaṃ nappahoti, so dāni teneva mukhena avaṇṇaṃ katheti, addhā avisahanto asakkonto brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ attano bālatāya avaṇṇaṃ kathetvā hīnāyāvatto. Buddho pana subuddhova, dhammo svākkhātova, saṅgho suppaṭipannova. Evaṃ tīṇi ratanāni thomentā manussā tuyheva dosaṃ dassessantīti. Iti kho teti evaṃ kho te, sunakkhatta, vattāro bhavissanti. Tato evaṃ dose uppanne satthā atītānāgate appaṭihatañāṇo, mayhaṃ evaṃ doso uppajjissatīti jānantopi puretaraṃ na kathesīti vattuṃ na lacchasīti dasseti. Apakkamevāti apakkamiyeva, apakkanto vā cutoti attho. Yathātaṃ āpāyikoti yathā apāye nibbattanāraho satto apakkameyya, evameva apakkamīti attho.
拘罗刹帝利事注释显示巴利原文
Korakkhattiyavatthuvaṇṇanā
7 “一时,我”这句话要说明什么?这部经其实是由前后两句构成,即“他不现神变”与“他不说最胜”。其中,“他不说最胜”这句将在经末说明;而此番教导的开端,正是为了显示“他不现神变”这句话的前后关联。显示巴利原文
7.Ekamidāhanti iminā kiṃ dasseti? Idaṃ suttaṃ dvīhi padehi ābaddhaṃ iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ na karotīti ca aggaññaṃ na paññapetīti ca. Tattha ‘‘aggaññaṃ na paññapetī’’ti idaṃ padaṃ suttapariyosāne dassessati. ‘‘Pāṭihāriyaṃ na karotī’’ti imassa pana padassa anusandhidassanavasena ayaṃ desanā āraddhā.
其中,“一时,我”指“在某一个时候,我”。“时”即某个时间,也就是在某个时节的意思。“郁罗国”:郁罗是一个地方,他就在那里居住。“名叫北城”:依阴性名词的语尾变化,这个名为北城的聚落属于郁罗地方,他以该聚落为乞食的村落。“裸形者”即赤身裸体。“拘罗刹帝利”指内弯腿的刹帝利。“狗行者”指受持狗行的人,他像狗一样嗅过才吃,卧于灶间,也做其他狗的行为。“四肢着地而行”指以四肢触地,把两膝和两肘放在地上行走。“散在地上的”指撒在地上、丢在地上、置于地上的。“食物”指任何可嚼食或可啖食的东西。“只用口”指不用手去接取,可嚼食的只用嘴咀嚼,可啖食的也只用嘴进食。“相貌端正”指容貌庄严。“这位沙门”意思是这位沙门是阿拉汉中的一位。这里的“啊”是表示愿望的不变化词。据说,他当时生起这样的念头:“像这位沙门一样的人再没有了。他少欲知足,不着衣服,视之为戏论,亦不持钵,唯食散置地上的食物,这才是真正的沙门。而我们又算什么沙门呢?”就这样,当他跟随具一切智的佛陀行走时,心中生起了这样的恶寻。显示巴利原文
Tattha ekamidāhanti ekasmiṃ ahaṃ. Samayanti samaye, ekasmiṃ kāle ahanti attho. Thūlūsūti thūlū nāma janapado, tattha viharāmi. Uttarakā nāmāti itthiliṅgavasena uttarakāti evaṃnāmako thūlūnaṃ janapadassa nigamo, taṃ nigamaṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvāti attho. Aceloti naggo. Korakkhattiyoti antovaṅkapādo khattiyo. Kukkuravatikoti samādinnakukkuravato sunakho viya ghāyitvā khādati, uddhanantare nipajjati, aññampi sunakhakiriyameva karoti. Catukkuṇḍikoti catusaṅghaṭṭito dve jāṇūni dve ca kappare bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā vicarati. Chamānikiṇṇanti bhūmiyaṃ nikiṇṇaṃ pakkhittaṃ ṭhapitaṃ. Bhakkhasanti bhakkhaṃ yaṃkiñci khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ. Mukhenevāti hatthena aparāmasitvā khādanīyaṃ mukheneva khādati, bhojanīyampi mukheneva bhuñjati. Sādhurūpoti sundararūpo. Ayaṃ samaṇoti ayaṃ arahataṃ samaṇo ekoti. Tattha vatāti patthanatthe nipāto. Evaṃ kirassa patthanā ahosi ‘‘iminā samaṇena sadiso añño samaṇo nāma natthi, ayañhi appicchatāya vatthaṃ na nivāseti, ‘esa papañco’ti maññamāno bhikkhābhājanampi na pariharati, chamānikiṇṇameva khādati, ayaṃ samaṇo nāma. Mayaṃ pana kiṃ samaṇā’’ti? Evaṃ sabbaññubuddhassa pacchato carantova imaṃ pāpakaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkesi.
“说了此语”:据说世尊如是思惟:“这个善星心怀恶欲,他见到这之后在想什么?”当他这样思惟,了知善星的意向后,心想:“这愚人跟随在我这一切知者后面,竟把裸形者当作阿拉汉。这愚人当下就该在此受到呵责。”于是世尊毫不退转地说了“你也叫……”等语。其中,“你也叫”的“pi”是呵责的语气。世尊呵斥他说:“你也叫……”,意思是:“你的志向如此下劣,竟还声称‘我是沙门,释迦子’?”这就是此处的含义。“那么,尊者,是我怎么了吗?”:尊者,您看到我有什么应受责备之处,世尊才这样说呢?于是世尊对他说明,说道:“难道你不曾……”等语。“吝啬阿拉汉果吗?”:他问:“世尊是不是吝惜阿拉汉果,心想‘不要让别人证得阿拉汉果’?”“我并非如此”:愚人,我是希望包括诸天在内的全世界都能证得阿拉汉果。正是为了这个目的,我在修习种种难行时圆满了诸波罗蜜。愚人,我并非吝惜阿拉汉果。“恶见”:指他生起了这样的见解:把不是阿拉汉的认作阿拉汉,把阿拉汉认作不是阿拉汉。针对这一点,世尊说“恶见”。显示巴利原文
Etadavocāti bhagavā kira cintesi ‘‘ayaṃ sunakkhatto pāpajjhāsayo, kiṃ nu imaṃ disvā cintesī’’ti? Athevaṃ cintento tassa ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā ‘‘ayaṃ moghapuriso mādisassa sabbaññuno pacchato āgacchanto acelaṃ arahāti maññati, idheva dānāyaṃ bālo niggahaṃ arahatī’’ti anivattitvāva etaṃ tvampi nāmātiādivacanamavoca. Tattha tvampi nāmāti garahatthe pikāro. Garahanto hi naṃ bhagavā ‘‘tvampi nāmā’’ti āha. ‘‘Tvampi nāma evaṃ hīnajjhāsayo, ahaṃ samaṇo sakyaputtiyoti evaṃ paṭijānissasī’’ti ayañhettha adhippāyo. Kiṃ pana maṃ, bhanteti mayhaṃ, bhante, kiṃ gārayhaṃ disvā bhagavā ‘‘evamāhā’’ti pucchati. Athassa bhagavā ācikkhanto ‘‘nanu te’’tiādimāha. Maccharāyatīti ‘‘mā aññassa arahattaṃ hotū’’ti kiṃ bhagavā evaṃ arahattassa maccharāyatīti pucchati. Na kho ahanti ahaṃ, moghapurisa, sadevakassa lokassa arahattappaṭilābhameva paccāsīsāmi, etadatthameva me bahūni dukkarāni karontena pāramiyo pūritā, na kho ahaṃ, moghapurisa, arahattassa maccharāyāmi. Pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigatanti na arahantaṃ arahāti, arahante ca anarahantoti evaṃ tassa diṭṭhi uppannā. Taṃ sandhāya ‘‘pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigata’’nti āha. Yaṃ kho panāti yaṃ etaṃ acelaṃ evaṃ maññasi. Sattamaṃ divasanti sattame divase. Alasakenāti alasakabyādhinā. Kālaṅkarissatīti uddhumātaudaro marissati.
“黑闇”是那些阿修罗的名字。据说,他们身高三由旬,少肉少血,形如枯叶;眼睛像螃蟹那样突出,生在头顶;嘴似针孔,也位于头顶,因此俯身取食。“在豺狼草丛”:那个冢间有一丛豺狼草,因此那里便称为“豺狼草丛”。显示巴利原文
Kālakañcikāti tesaṃ asurānaṃ nāmaṃ. Tesaṃ kira tigāvuto attabhāvo appamaṃsalohito purāṇapaṇṇasadiso kakkaṭakānaṃ viya akkhīni nikkhamitvā matthake tiṭṭhanti, mukhaṃ sūcipāsakasadisaṃ matthakasmiṃyeva hoti, tena oṇamitvā gocaraṃ gaṇhanti. Bīraṇatthambaketi bīraṇatiṇatthambo tasmiṃ susāne atthi, tasmā taṃ bīraṇatthambakanti vuccati.
「他前往(Tenupasaṅkamīti)」:指世尊说了这些之后,在那个村庄托钵乞食,回到精舍后,善星从精舍出来,前往世尊那里。「由于那个原因(Yena tvanti)」:由于什么原因,你……。意思是:既然世尊授记了,所以就……。「适当的分量(Mattaṃmattanti)」:合宜的分量、合宜的分量。也读作「反复思量(mantā mantā)」,意思是以智慧反复审察。「如同对乔达摩沙门一样(Yathā samaṇassa gotamassāti)」:他说,你应该像对待乔达摩沙门那样,制造不实的言论。当这样说时,裸形者就像狗卧在灶间,抬起头,睁开眼,望着说道:『名叫乔达摩的沙门是我们的怨敌、不共住者,自从乔达摩沙门出现以来,我们就变得像太阳升起时的萤火虫一样微不足道。乔达摩沙门可以这样说我,也可以那样说。但怨敌的话不可能是真实的。你去吧,我知道该怎么做。』说完后,又躺下了。显示巴利原文
Tenupasaṅkamīti bhagavati ettakaṃ vatvā tasmiṃ gāme piṇḍāya caritvā vihāraṃ gate vihārā nikkhamitvā upasaṅkami. Yena tvanti yena kāraṇena tvaṃ. Yasmāpi bhagavatā byākato, tasmāti attho. Mattaṃmattanti pamāṇayuttaṃ pamāṇayuttaṃ. ‘‘Mantā mantā’’tipi pāṭho, paññāya upaparikkhitvā upaparikkhitvāti attho. Yathā samaṇassa gotamassāti yathā samaṇassa gotamassa micchā vacanaṃ assa, tathā kareyyāsīti āha. Evaṃ vutte acelo sunakho viya uddhanaṭṭhāne nipanno sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā akkhīni ummīletvā olokento kiṃ kathesi ‘‘samaṇo nāma gotamo amhākaṃ verī visabhāgo, samaṇassa gotamassa uppannakālato paṭṭhāya mayaṃ sūriye uggate khajjopanakā viya jātā. Samaṇo gotamo amhe, evaṃ vācaṃ vadeyya aññathā vā. Verino pana kathā nāma tacchā na hoti, gaccha tvaṃ ahamettha kattabbaṃ jānissāmī’’ti vatvā punadeva nipajji.
8 「Ekadvīhikāya」:以“一天”“两天”等来计数。「Yathā tanti」:如同有人不信而会那样计算,他便如此计算。他一日三次前往,禀告“已过一天”“已过两天”。「第七日」:据说他听了善星的话后,整整七日未曾进食。到了第七天,有一位护持者心想:“我们亲近的沙门今日已是第七天没来家中,是否身体不适?”于是令人煮了猪肉,取来饭食,放置在他面前的地上。裸形者看见后,心想:“乔达摩沙门的话,不论真假,我先吃了食物,饱足而死也算是好死。”便以双手双膝着地,吃到腹中饱胀。当夜不能消化,遂因消化不良而死。纵使当时他心想“我不应吃”,既然那天已经进食,依然会因此而死。因为如来的言语是不二之言。显示巴利原文
8.Ekadvīhikāyāti ekaṃ dveti vatvā gaṇesi. Yathā tanti yathā asaddahamāno koci gaṇeyya, evaṃ gaṇesi. Ekadivasañca tikkhattuṃ upasaṅkamitvā eko divaso atīto, dve divasā atītāti ārocesi. Sattamaṃ divasanti so kira sunakkhattassa vacanaṃ sutvā sattāhaṃ nirāhārova ahosi. Athassa sattame divase eko upaṭṭhāko ‘‘amhākaṃ kulūpakasamaṇassa ajja sattamo divaso gehaṃ anāgacchantassa aphāsu nu kho jāta’’nti sūkaramaṃsaṃ pacāpetvā bhattamādāya gantvā purato bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipi. Acelo disvā cintesi ‘‘samaṇassa gotamassa kathā tacchā vā atacchā vā hotu, āhāraṃ pana khāditvā suhitassa me maraṇampi sumaraṇa’’nti dve hatthe jaṇṇukāni ca bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā kucchipūraṃ bhuñji. So rattibhāge jīrāpetuṃ asakkonto alasakena kālamakāsi. Sacepi hi so ‘‘na bhuñjeyya’’nti cinteyya, tathāpi taṃ divasaṃ bhuñjitvā alasakena kālaṃ kareyya. Advejjhavacanā hi tathāgatāti.
「Bīraṇatthambake」:据说,外道们听说“拘罗刹帝利死了”,便计算日子,说道:“这一部分已成事实。现在我们将他弃置他处,以‘沙门乔达摩说了妄语’来责难他。”于是他们前往,用藤蔓绑住尸体,拖着走,口中说着:“我们要弃于此,我们要弃于彼。”他们所到之处,那地方都变成空地,无法丢弃。拖着走时,竟来到了须芒草丛冢间。知道这是冢间后,他们说:“我们要弃于别处。”便又拖起尸体。这时藤蔓断裂,再也无法移走尸体,他们便从那里离去。因此说:“他们弃之于须芒草丛的冢间。”显示巴利原文
Bīraṇatthambaketi titthiyā kira ‘‘kālaṅkato korakkhattiyo’’ti sutvā divasāni gaṇetvā idaṃ tāva saccaṃ jātaṃ, idāni naṃ aññattha chaḍḍetvā ‘‘musāvādena samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ niggaṇhissāmā’’ti gantvā tassa sarīraṃ valliyā bandhitvā ākaḍḍhantā ‘‘ettha chaḍḍessāma, ettha chaḍḍessāmā’’ti gacchanti. Gatagataṭṭhānaṃ aṅgaṇameva hoti. Te kaḍḍhamānā bīraṇatthambakasusānaṃyeva gantvā susānabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘aññattha chaḍḍessāmā’’ti ākaḍḍhiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ valli chijjittha, pacchā cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Te tatova pakkantā. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘bīraṇatthambake susāne chaḍḍesu’’nti.
9 「Tenupasaṅkami」:他为何前往?据说,他这样想:“沙门乔达摩之前的话都已应验。死去的人绝不可能再起来与任何人说话,我且去问他:若能开口,那便很好;若不能开口,我便以妄语来责难沙门乔达摩。”正是由于这个原因,他前往了。「Ākoṭesi」:敲打、击打。「Jānāmi āvuso」:然而,死去而又站起的身躯是绝不可能说话的,这又怎能言语呢?是凭借佛陀的神力。据说,世尊将拘罗刹帝利从阿修罗道带来,令神识入于其身而后说话;或者就让那身躯本身说话。因为佛之境界是不可思议的。显示巴利原文
9.Tenupasaṅkamīti kasmā upasaṅkami? So kira cintesi ‘‘avasesaṃ tāva samaṇassa gotamassa vacanaṃ sameti, matassa pana uṭṭhāya aññena saddhiṃ kathanaṃ nāma natthi, handāhaṃ gantvā pucchāmi. Sace katheti, sundaraṃ. No ce katheti, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ musāvādena niggaṇhissāmī’’ti iminā kāraṇena upasaṅkami. Ākoṭesīti pahari. Jānāmi āvusoti matasarīraṃ uṭṭhahitvā kathetuṃ samatthaṃ nāma natthi, idaṃ kathaṃ kathesīti? Buddhānubhāvena. Bhagavā kira korakkhattiyaṃ asurayonito ānetvā sarīre adhimocetvā kathāpesi. Tameva vā sarīraṃ kathāpesi, acinteyyo hi buddhavisayo.
10 「其果报正是如此」:他所说的果报正是如此,抑或并非如此?此处用了词性转换,实际的意义是「他的果报正是如此」。然而也有人读作「vipakkaṃ(已成熟)」,意为已产生、已生出。显示巴利原文
10.Tatheva taṃ vipākanti tassa vacanassa vipākaṃ tatheva, udāhu noti liṅgavipallāso kato, tatheva so vipākoti attho. Keci pana ‘‘vipakka’’ntipi paṭhanti, nibbattanti attho.
应以此为准来列示这些神变。所有这些全部属于五种神变。预言「他将于第七日死去」,而事实确实如此,这是第一种神变。预言「因不消化病而死」,而事实确实如此,这是第二种。预言「将生于黑耳狱」,而事实确实如此,这是第三种。预言「将被丢弃在须芒草丛的冢间」,而事实确实如此,这是第四种。预言「将从所生之处前来与善星交谈」,而事实确实如此,这是第五种神变。显示巴利原文
Ettha ṭhatvā pāṭihāriyāni samānetabbāni. Sabbāneva hetāni pañca pāṭihāriyāni honti. ‘‘Sattame divase marissatī’’ti vuttaṃ, so tatheva mato, idaṃ paṭhamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. ‘‘Alasakenā’’ti vuttaṃ, alasakeneva mato, idaṃ dutiyaṃ. ‘‘Kālakañcikesu nibbattissatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tattheva nibbatto, idaṃ tatiyaṃ. ‘‘Bīraṇatthambake susāne chaḍḍessantī’’ti vuttaṃ, tattheva chaḍḍito , idaṃ catutthaṃ. ‘‘Nibbattaṭṭhānato āgantvā sunakkhattena saddhiṃ kathessatī’’ti vutto, so kathesiyeva, idaṃ pañcamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ.
裸形者伽喇罗末罗迦事(Acelakaḷāramaṭṭakavatthu)的注释显示巴利原文
Acelakaḷāramaṭṭakavatthuvaṇṇanā
11 「伽喇罗末罗迦」:意指其露出的牙齿仅如木槌大小,或者仅是此人的名字。「达到利养之顶点」:意为已达利养之顶,即获得了最高的利养。「达到名声之顶点」:意为已达名声之顶,即获得了最高阶的眷属。「戒条」:即指戒本身,或戒的部分。「已受持」:意为已被受持。「已受持」是前者的同义词。「在毗舍离城东面」:即在离毗舍离城不远的东方。「塔庙」:指夜叉的塔庙地。其余各处也应如此理解。显示巴利原文
11.Kaḷāramaṭṭakoti nikkhantadantamattako. Nāmameva vā tassetaṃ. Lābhaggappattoti lābhaggaṃ patto, aggalābhaṃ pattoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yasaggappattoti yasaggaṃ aggaparivāraṃ patto. Vatapadānīti vatāniyeva, vatakoṭṭhāsā vā. Samattānīti gahitāni. Samādinnānīti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Puratthimena vesālinti vesālito avidūre puratthimāya disāya. Cetiyanti yakkhacetiyaṭṭhānaṃ. Esa nayo sabbattha.
12 “到裸形者那里去”:他(善星)在完成对世尊的侍奉后,便前往裸形者伽喇罗末罗迦处。“问了一个问题”:他问了一个甚深的、关乎三法印的问题。“不能通达”:他未能以智慧正确理解,犹如盲人在不平坦处行走,处处踏空,不见开端,也不见终点。或者,“不能通达”指未能成就,即无法圆满讲说。“未能成就者”:裸形者气得眼珠转动,盯着善星说:“你投靠在那未学之人门下出家,又不分时宜地向出家人问问题。走开!别站在这里!”“显露了忿、嗔与不满”:他显露出表现为愤怒的忿、表现为憎恶的嗔,以及表现为不悦(即忧)的不满。“我们冒犯了”:即我们得罪了、冲撞了。“但愿于我无此事”:即“唉!但愿这事不要发生在我身上”。另有版本作“但愿这事不落于我”,此处的“我”是宾格,表属格义,即“但愿这事不属我”。这样想过之后,他便蹲坐下来,说:“尊者!请原谅我。”并向对方请求原谅。从那以后,那位比丘就问他:“你以后不会再问任何……”
},
{显示巴利原文
12.Yena acelakoti bhagavato vattaṃ katvā yena acelo kaḷāramaṭṭako tenupasaṅkami. Pañhaṃ apucchīti gambhīraṃ tilakkhaṇāhataṃ pañhaṃ pucchi. Na sampāyāsīti na sammā ñāṇagatiyā pāyāsi, andho viya visamaṭṭhāne tattha tattheva pakkhali. Neva ādiṃ, na pariyosānamaddasa. Atha vā ‘‘na sampāyāsī’’ti na sampādesi, sampādetvā kathetuṃ nāsakkhi. Asampāyantoti kabarakkhīni parivattetvā olokento ‘‘asikkhitakassa santike vuṭṭhosi, anokāsepi pabbajito pañhaṃ pucchanto vicarasi, apehi mā etasmiṃ ṭhāne aṭṭhāsī’’ti vadanto. Kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātvākāsīti kuppanākāraṃ kopaṃ, dussanākāraṃ dosaṃ, atuṭṭhākārabhūtaṃ domanassasaṅkhātaṃ appaccayañca pākaṭamakāsi. Āsādimhaseti āsādiyimha ghaṭṭayimha. Mā vata no ahosīti aho vata me na bhaveyya. Maṃ vata no ahosītipi pāṭho. Tattha manti sāmivacanatthe upayogavacanaṃ, ahosi vata nu mamāti attho. Evañca pana cintetvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā ‘‘khamatha me, bhante’’ti taṃ khamāpesi. Sopi ito paṭṭhāya aññaṃ kiñci pañhaṃ nāma na pucchissasīti. Āma na pucchissāmīti. Yadi evaṃ gaccha, khamāmi teti taṃ uyyojesi.
14 「穿着」指已穿好衣服、系好下衣的意思。「带着女随从」中的“女随从”指的是妻子,带着女随从就是带着妻子,意思是舍离了那种梵行,过着有妻室的生活。「米饭、凝乳食品」是指除了酒和肉之外,他还享用着大量的米饭和凝乳食品。「从名声中衰败」是指他从先前所达到的利养顶点与名声顶点中衰败下来。关于「造作了超越人法的神变」,应知此处所讲的是由于违犯了七条戒行而导致的七种神变。显示巴利原文
14.Parihitoti paridahito nivatthavattho. Sānucārikoti anucārikā vuccati bhariyā, saha anucārikāya sānucāriko, taṃ taṃ brahmacariyaṃ pahāya sabhariyoti attho. Odanakummāsanti surāmaṃsato atirekaṃ odanampi kummāsampi bhuñjamāno. Yasā nihīnoti yaṃ lābhaggayasaggaṃ patto, tato parihīno hutvā. ‘‘Kataṃ hoti uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriya’’nti idha sattavatapadātikkamavasena satta pāṭihāriyāni veditabbāni.
裸形者波提迦子之事的注释。显示巴利原文
Acelapāthikaputtavatthuvaṇṇanā
15 “波提迦子”:波提迦的儿子。“以智辩”:围绕智慧之论而辩。“半路”:若距离为一由旬,中间不应有阻碍。乔达摩走半由旬,我也走半由旬。半由旬等距离,道理相同。若能超过对方一步,即为胜;若不敢来,即为败。“我们在那里”:指我们集合相遇之处。“加倍加倍地”:我要做出比那里更胜、加倍的神变。他明知自己无力与世尊较量神变,却又想:“即使与最尊贵者较量而败,亦值得称赞。”所以才这样说。城中居民听后,心想:“无本事者不会如此夸口,他必定也是阿拉汉!”于是给予他极大的礼遇。显示巴利原文
15.Pāthikaputtoti pāthikassa putto. Ñāṇavādenāti ñāṇavādena saddhiṃ. Upaḍḍhapathanti yojanaṃ ce, no antare bhaveyya, gotamo aḍḍhayojanaṃ, ahaṃ aḍḍhayojanaṃ. Esa nayo aḍḍhayojanādīsu. Ekapadavārampi atikkamma gacchato jayo bhavissati, anāgacchato parājayoti. Te tatthāti te mayaṃ tattha samāgataṭṭhāne. Taddiguṇaṃ taddiguṇāhanti tato tato diguṇaṃ diguṇaṃ ahaṃ karissāmi, bhagavatā saddhiṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ kātuṃ asamatthabhāvaṃ jānantopi ‘‘uttamapurisena saddhiṃ paṭṭhapetvā asakkuṇantassāpi pāsaṃso hotī’’ti ñatvā evamāha. Nagaravāsinopi taṃ sutvā ‘‘asamattho nāma evaṃ na gajjati, addhā ayampi arahā bhavissatī’’ti tassa mahantaṃ sakkāramakaṃsu.
16 "我到那里去"是指他听说"善星说波提迦子这样讲"后,由于心性低劣,便生起了想看波提迦子那副下劣模样的念头。显示巴利原文
16.Yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamīti ‘‘sunakkhatto kira pāthikaputto evaṃ vadatī’’ti assosi. Athassa hīnajjhāsayattā hīnadassanāya cittaṃ udapādi.
他(善星)在完成了对世尊的侍奉义务、等世尊回到香室后,就来到波提迦子那里,问他:“听说您说了这样的话,是真的吗?”对方回答:“是的,是我说的。”于是,他鼓励波提迦子说:“要是这样,那你们一点也别怕,尽管放心,一次又一次地这样去说吧!我是沙门乔达摩的侍者,我了解他的底细,他绝对不可能和你们较量神变。我会去跟沙门乔达摩说,吓唬吓唬他,然后把他带到别的地方去,你们完全不用害怕!”安抚好他之后,善星才回到世尊那里。因此,经文里才说「我到那里去」。关于「那种言论」等词的解释:如果他说“我本来没有成佛,却冒充是佛到处走,我说的话不真实,我根本不是佛”,这便叫做舍弃那种言论。如果他独自静坐思惟时想:“我这麽长时间以来,本来没有成佛,却冒充是佛到处走,从今以后我再也不自认是佛了”,这就叫做舍弃那种心。如果他想着:“我这么长时间以来,一直抱着‘没有成佛却冒充是佛’的恶见到处走,从今以后我要丢掉这个见解”,在他舍离这见解时,便叫做彻底断除那种见。如果不这样做,那就叫做「不舍那种言论,不舍那种心,不断除那种见」。「会爆裂」是指会像熟透脱落的多罗果一样,从脖子上掉下来,或者会裂成七瓣。显示巴利原文
So bhagavato vattaṃ katvā bhagavati gandhakuṭiṃ paviṭṭhe pāthikaputtassa santikaṃ gantvā pucchi ‘‘tumhe kira evarūpiṃ kathaṃ kathethā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, kathemā’’ti. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘mā bhāyittha vissatthā punappunaṃ evaṃ vadatha, ahaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa upaṭṭhāko, tassa visayaṃ vijānāmi, tumhehi saddhiṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ kātuṃ na sakkhissati, ahaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa kathetvā bhayaṃ uppādetvā taṃ aññato gahetvā gamissāmi, tumhe mā bhāyitthā’’ti taṃ assāsetvā bhagavato santikaṃ gato. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamī’’ti. Taṃ vācantiādīsu ‘‘ahaṃ abuddhova samāno buddhomhīti vicariṃ, abhūtaṃ me kathitaṃ nāhaṃ buddho’’ti vadanto taṃ vācaṃ pajahati nāma. Raho nisīditvā cintayamāno ‘‘ahaṃ ‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ abuddhova samāno buddhomhī’ti vicariṃ, ito dāni paṭṭhāya nāhaṃ buddho’’ti cintayanto taṃ cittaṃ pajahati nāma. ‘‘Ahaṃ ‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ abuddhova samāno buddhomhī’ti pāpakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ gahetvā vicariṃ, ito dāni paṭṭhāya imaṃ diṭṭhiṃ pajahāmī’’ti pajahanto taṃ diṭṭhiṃ paṭinissajjati nāma. Evaṃ akaronto pana taṃ vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvāti vuccati. Vipateyyāti bandhanā muttatālapakkaṃ viya gīvato pateyya, sattadhā vā pana phaleyya.
17 「Rakkhatetaṃ」意思是让他保护这个。「Ekaṃsenā」的意思是决然、确定。「Odhāritā」的意思是已被宣告。因此,「尊者,裸形外道波提迦子」这句话是世尊用决然宣告的语气讲出来的。如果那个裸形外道波提迦子用「另一种形貌」——即消失掉自己的本形、以看不见身体的方式,或者变化成狮子、老虎等各种各样的形态,来到世人面前。那么,若真出现这种情况,世尊所说的话就成虚妄的了。他用这种妄语来责备世尊。据说,除了以此方式之外,世尊还从来没有被他人用妄语来指责过。显示巴利原文
17.Rakkhatetanti rakkhatu etaṃ. Ekaṃsenāti nippariyāyena. Odhāritāti bhāsitā. Aceloca, bhante, pāthikaputtoti evaṃ ekaṃsena bhagavato vācāya odhāritāya sace acelo pāthikaputto. Virūparūpenāti vigatarūpena vigacchitasabhāvena rūpena attano rūpaṃ pahāya adissamānena kāyena. Sīhabyagghādivasena vā vividharūpena sammukhībhāvaṃ āgaccheyya. Tadassa bhagavato musāti evaṃ sante bhagavato taṃ vacanaṃ musā bhaveyyāti musāvādena niggaṇhāti. Ṭhapetvā kira etaṃ na aññena bhagavā musāvādena niggahitapubboti.
18 “导向二种趣向”是指:自性上存在,意义上却不存在,如此便成两种趣向。这是对虚妄、空无、没有实际益处的言说的另一种称呼。显示巴利原文
18.Dvayagāminīti sarūpena atthibhāvaṃ, atthena natthibhāvanti evaṃ dvayagāminī. Alikatucchanipphalavācāya etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
19 “阿逸多”是离车族的将军:据说这位阿逸多曾是世尊的侍者,后来去世了。人们为他办完丧事后,便去问裸形外道波提迦子:“将军投生到哪里去了?”裸形外道波提迦子回答:“他投生到大地狱里了。”说完这话,他又接着说:“你们这位将军来到我这里,我没有听从你们的话,反而去信受了沙门乔达摩的主张,结果我自己也掉进了地狱。”一边说一边哭了起来。因此,世尊才说“为日间休息而前往”。此处为何不提“为了施展神变”呢?因为那根本做不到。实际上,他连与世尊面对面都谈不上,又怎么可能施展神变?所以世尊没有那样说,而只说“为日间休息而前往”。显示巴利原文
19.Ajitopi nāma licchavīnaṃ senāpatīti so kira bhagavato upaṭṭhāko ahosi, so kālamakāsi. Athassa sarīrakiccaṃ katvā manussā pāthikaputtaṃ pucchiṃsu ‘‘kuhiṃ nibbatto senāpatī’’ti? So āha – ‘‘mahāniraye nibbatto’’ti. Idañca pana vatvā puna āha ‘‘tumhākaṃ senāpati mama santikaṃ āgamma ahaṃ tumhākaṃ vacanamakatvā samaṇassa gotamassa vādaṃ patiṭṭhapetvā niraye nibbattomhī’’ti paroditthāti. Tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāyāti ettha ‘‘pāṭihāriyakaraṇatthāyā’’ti kasmā na vadati? Abhāvā. Sammukhībhāvopi hissa tena saddhiṃ natthi, kuto pāṭihāriyakaraṇaṃ, tasmā tathā avatvā ‘‘divāvihārāyā’’ti āha.
神变论注释显示巴利原文
Iddhipāṭihāriyakathāvaṇṇanā
20 “居士广积财者”是指那些极为富有的居士。因为他们积聚了大量财富与谷物,所以被称为“广积财者”。“若干千众”:虽说用“千”来计算,实际上数目无量,无法计数。据说,能召集起这么庞大人群的,除了善星之外,没有第二个人办得到。正因如此,世尊才带着善星在身边,度过了那段时光。显示巴利原文
20.Gahapatinecayikāti gahapati mahāsālā. Tesañhi mahādhanadhaññanicayo, tasmā ‘‘necayikā’’ti vuccanti. Anekasahassāti sahassehipi aparimāṇagaṇanā. Evaṃ mahatiṃ kira parisaṃ ṭhapetvā sunakkhattaṃ añño sannipātetuṃ samattho natthi. Teneva bhagavā ettakaṃ kālaṃ sunakkhattaṃ gahetvā vicari.
21 「怖畏」:指内心感到恐惧。「惊悚」:指全身发抖。「身毛竖立」:即汗毛直竖。据传,他当时心想:『我夸下了天大的海口,与这涵盖天界的世间第一人作对。而我自身内在,既未证得阿拉汉果,也没有施展神变的能耐。然而沙门乔达摩必定会显现神变,待众人见了他的神变后,便会骂我:「你既不能显现神变,为何不自量力,竟敢与世间第一人相抗,还如此放肆?」然后他们定会用石块、土块、棍棒等来对付我。』因此,当他听说大众已集结,世尊也已到来时,便生起了怖畏、惊悚与身毛竖立。为了从这恐惧的苦迫中脱身,他便前往黑乌木桩外道园。为了说明此事,世尊说:『那时,世尊……』。此处的「前往」,并非仅仅是去,而是去了之后,还进入了那个相距半由旬的外道园。在那里,他仍找不到内心的安乐,便来回踱步,最后在园边一处隐蔽的密林中,坐在一块石板上。这时,世尊心想:『这愚人如果不听旁人劝阻,自己跑来这里,那就由他吧——别让这愚人彻底毁灭。』于是世尊发动决意:『让他显示巴利原文
21.Bhayanti cittutrāsabhayaṃ. Chambhitattanti sakalasarīracalanaṃ. Lomahaṃsoti lomānaṃ uddhaggabhāvo. So kira cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ atimahantaṃ kathaṃ kathetvā sadevake loke aggapuggalena saddhiṃ paṭiviruddho, mayhaṃ kho panabbhantare arahattaṃ vā pāṭihāriyakaraṇahetu vā natthi, samaṇo pana gotamo pāṭihāriyaṃ karissati, athassa pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā mahājano ‘tvaṃ dāni pāṭihāriyaṃ kātuṃ asakkonto kasmā attano pamāṇamajānitvā loke aggapuggalena saddhiṃ paṭimallo hutvā gajjasī’ti kaṭṭhaleḍḍudaṇḍādīhi viheṭhessatī’’ti. Tenassa mahājanasannipātañceva tena bhagavato ca āgamanaṃ sutvā bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā udapādi. So tato dukkhā muccitukāmo tindukakhāṇukaparibbājakārāmaṃ agamāsi. Tamatthaṃ dassetuṃ atha kho bhagavātiādimāha . Tattha upasaṅkamīti na kevalaṃ upasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā pana dūraṃ aḍḍhayojanantaraṃ paribbājakārāmaṃ paviṭṭho. Tatthapi cittassādaṃ alabhamāno antantena āvijjhitvā ārāmapaccante ekaṃ gahanaṭṭhānaṃ upadhāretvā pāsāṇaphalake nisīdi. Atha bhagavā cintesi – ‘‘sace ayaṃ bālo kassacideva kathaṃ gahetvā idhāgaccheyya, mā nassatu bālo’’ti ‘‘nisinnapāsāṇaphalakaṃ tassa sarīre allīnaṃ hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Saha adhiṭṭhānacittena taṃ tassa sarīre allīyi. So mahāaddubandhanabaddho viya chinnapādo viya ca ahosi.
「听闻」:当时,四处寻找裸形外道波提迦子的大众中,有人循着踪迹先找到了他的坐处,然后回来报告。众人问他:『你们在找谁?』他回答:『裸形外道波提迦子。』那人便告诉大众:『他就在黑乌木桩外道园里坐着。』裸形外道波提迦子便是这样「听闻」到了动静。显示巴利原文
Assosīti ito cito ca pāthikaputtaṃ pariyesamānā parisā tassa anupadaṃ gantvā nisinnaṭṭhānaṃ ñatvā āgatena aññatarena purisena ‘‘tumhe kaṃ pariyesathā’’ti vutte pāthikaputtanti. So ‘‘tindukakhāṇukaparibbājakārāme nisinno’’ti vuttavacanena assosi.
22 「沉没」:即下陷,只能原地转动。「尾闾骨」:指的是坐骨。显示巴利原文
22.Saṃsappatīti osīdati. Tattheva sañcarati. Pāvaḷā vuccati ānisadaṭṭhikā.
23 「败北之相」(Parābhūtarūpo):即被打败的样子,或是毁灭的样子。显示巴利原文
23.Parābhūtarūpoti parājitarūpo, vinaṭṭharūpo vā.
25 「用牛轭」:即套上牛轭,用上百乃至上千头牛来拉。「我们便拉拽」:意思是我们用力拉拽。「会裂开」:指牛轭会被拉断;或指裸体外道波提迦子会从被粘住的地方撕裂开来。显示巴利原文
25.Goyugehīti goyuttehi satamattehi vā sahassamattehi vā yugehi. Āviñcheyyāmāti ākaḍḍheyyāma. Chijjeyyunti chindeyyuṃ. Pāthikaputto vā bandhaṭṭhāne chijjeyya.
26 「木钵者的弟子」(Dārupattikantevāsī):即木钵者的弟子。据说他当时这样想:“神通之事暂且不论,沙门乔达摩曾说‘裸体外道波提迦子连从座中起身都不会’。我这就前去,设法让他从座上起来。只要能做到,沙门乔达摩便败了。”因此,他才说出这番话。显示巴利原文
26.Dārupattikantevāsīti dārupattikassa antevāsī. Tassa kira etadahosi ‘‘tiṭṭhatu tāva pāṭihāriyaṃ, samaṇo gotamo ‘acelo pāthikaputto āsanāpi na vuṭṭhahissatī’ti āha. Handāhaṃ gantvā yena kenaci upāyena taṃ āsanā vuṭṭhāpemi. Ettāvatā ca samaṇassa gotamassa parājayo bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā evamāha.
27 「Sīhassāti」:狮子有四种——草狮、黑狮、黄狮和鬃狮。这四种狮子中,鬃狮最为尊贵,这里所指的正是鬃狮。「Migaraññoti」指一切四足兽之王。「Āsayanti」即住所。「Sīhanādanti」指无所畏惧的吼叫。「Gocarāyapakkameyyanti」指为了觅食而外出。「Varaṃ varanti」即最上等、最上等,意为粗大的、粗大的。「Mudumaṃsānīti」即柔软的肉;也有读作「madhumaṃsānī」的,意为甘甜的肉。「Ajjhupeyyanti」指会取用。「Sīhanādaṃ naditvāti」指发出狮子吼之后,心想“让那些虚弱的众生逃跑吧”,依着自己英勇的本性,出于悲悯而吼叫。显示巴利原文
27.Sīhassāti cattāro sīhā tiṇasīho ca kāḷasīho ca paṇḍusīho ca kesarasīho ca. Tesaṃ catunnaṃ sīhānaṃ kesarasīho aggataṃ gato, so idhādhippeto. Migaraññoti sabbacatuppadānaṃ rañño. Āsayanti nivāsaṃ. Sīhanādanti abhītanādaṃ. Gocarāyapakkameyyanti āhāratthāya pakkameyyaṃ. Varaṃ varanti uttamuttamaṃ, thūlaṃ thūlanti attho. Mudumaṃsānīti mudūni maṃsāni . ‘‘Madhumaṃsānī’’tipi pāṭho, madhuramaṃsānīti attho. Ajjhupeyyanti upagaccheyyaṃ. Sīhanādaṃ naditvāti ye dubbalā pāṇā, te palāyantūti attano sūrabhāvasannissitena kāruññena naditvā.
28 「Vighāsasaṃvaḍḍhoti」即靠残食长大的:吃残食——也就是被丢弃的剩肉——而长大。「Dittoti」指傲慢、身躯粗大。「Balavāti」指具有力量。「Etadahosīti kasmā ahosi?」他为什么会这样想?因为‘我慢’的过失。显示巴利原文
28.Vighāsasaṃvaḍḍhoti vighāsena saṃvaḍḍho, vighāsaṃ bhakkhitā tirittamaṃsaṃ khāditvā vaḍḍhito. Dittoti dappito thūlasarīro. Balavāti balasampanno. Etadahosīti kasmā ahosi? Asmimānadosena.
这背后有一段详细的经过:据说有一天,那头狮子觅食归来,看见那只豺因恐惧而逃跑,生起悲悯,便对它说:“朋友,别怕,站住,你是谁?”豺回答:“主人,我是豺。”狮子说:“朋友,豺,从今以后,你能服侍我吗?”豺说:“我会服侍的。”从此,豺就开始服侍狮子。狮子觅食归来,总会带回大块的肉。豺吃完那些肉,便住在不远处的石板上。没过几天,豺就身躯粗大,块头壮硕起来。于是狮子对豺说:“朋友,豺,以后我舒展身体时,你就靠近站着说:‘主人,好威武!’”豺说:“主人,我能做到。”于是,每当狮子舒展身体,豺就这样做。因此,狮子的‘我慢’变得过度。显示巴利原文
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – ekadivasaṃ kira so sīho gocarato nivattamāno taṃ siṅgālaṃ bhayena palāyamānaṃ disvā kāruññajāto hutvā ‘‘vayasa, mā bhāyi, tiṭṭha ko nāma tva’’nti āha. Jambuko nāmāhaṃ sāmīti. Vayasa, jambuka, ito paṭṭhāya maṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ sakkhissasīti. Upaṭṭhahissāmīti. So tato paṭṭhāya upaṭṭhāti. Sīho gocarato āgacchanto mahantaṃ mahantaṃ maṃsakhaṇḍaṃ āharati. So taṃ khāditvā avidūre pāsāṇapiṭṭhe vasati. So katipāhaccayeneva thūlasarīro mahākhandho jāto. Atha naṃ sīho avoca – ‘‘vayasa, jambuka, mama vijambhanakāle avidūre ṭhatvā ‘viroca sāmī’ti vattuṃ sakkhissasī’’ti. Sakkomi sāmīti. So tassa vijambhanakāle tathā karoti . Tena sīhassa atireko asmimāno hoti.
后来有一天,这只老豺在蓄水池边饮水时,望见水中自己的倒影,看见自己身躯粗壮、块头硕大。见后,它非但没有意识到“我是一只老豺”,反而认为“我也成了狮子”。于是它对自己说了这番话:“伙伴,豺啊,以你这样的身体,吃别人的残食确也合适,你难道不也是个堂堂男子吗?狮子有四足、两根獠牙、两只耳朵、一条尾巴,你一样也不缺,唯独少的,不过是鬃毛而已。”正当它这样想时,我慢愈发膨胀。由于这一我慢的过失,它生起了“我是谁”等念头。其中,“ko cāha”的意思是:我是谁?那个狮子、兽王又是谁?它既不是我的亲戚,也不是我的主人,我为何还要对它毕恭毕敬?“Siṅgālakaṃyeva”指不过是豺的叫声。“Bheraṇḍakaṃyeva”指不过是难听、刺耳的叫声。“Ke ca chave siṅgāle”意为“什么是下劣的豺”。“Ke pana sīhanāde”意为“什么是狮子吼”,即:豺的叫声与狮子吼之间,究竟有何关联?“Sugatāpadānesu”指在善逝的特征中,也就是在善逝的教法中。显示巴利原文
Athekadivasaṃ jarasiṅgālo udakasoṇḍiyaṃ pānīyaṃ pivanto attano chāyaṃ olokento addasa attano thūlasarīratañceva mahākhandhatañca. Disvā ‘jarasiṅgālosmī’ti manaṃ akatvā ‘‘ahampi sīho jāto’’ti maññi. Tato attanāva attānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vayasa, jambuka, yuttaṃ nāma tava iminā attabhāvena parassa ucchiṭṭhamaṃsaṃ khādituṃ, kiṃ tvaṃ puriso na hosi, sīhassāpi cattāro pādā dve dāṭhā dve kaṇṇā ekaṃ naṅguṭṭhaṃ, tavapi sabbaṃ tatheva, kevalaṃ tava kesarabhāramattameva natthī’’ti. Tassevaṃ cintayato asmimāno vaḍḍhi. Athassa tena asmimānadosena etaṃ ‘‘ko cāha’’ntiādi maññitamahosi. Tattha ko cāhanti ahaṃ ko, sīho migarājā ko, na me ñāti, na sāmiko, kimahaṃ tassa nipaccakāraṃ karomīti adhippāyo. Siṅgālakaṃyevāti siṅgālaravameva. Bheraṇḍakaṃyevāti appiyaamanāpasaddameva. Ke ca chave siṅgāleti ko ca lāmako siṅgālo. Ke pana sīhanādeti ko pana sīhanādo siṅgālassa ca sīhanādassa ca ko sambandhoti adhippāyo. Sugatāpadānesūti sugatalakkhaṇesu. Sugatassa sāsanasambhūtāsu tīsu sikkhāsu. Kathaṃ panesa tattha jīvati? Etassa hi cattāro paccaye dadamānā sīlādiguṇasampannānaṃ sambuddhānaṃ demāti denti, tena esa abuddho samāno buddhānaṃ niyāmitapaccaye paribhuñjanto sugatāpadānesu jīvati nāma. Sugatātirittānīti tesaṃ kira bhojanāni dadamānā buddhānañca buddhasāvakānañca datvā pacchā avasesaṃ sāyanhasamaye denti. Evamesa sugatātirittāni bhuñjati nāma. Tathāgateti tathāgataṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ āsādetabbaṃ ghaṭṭayitabbaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘tathāgate’’tiādīni upayogabahuvacanāneva. Āsādetabbanti idampi bahuvacanameva ekavacanaṃ viya vuttaṃ. Āsādanāti ahaṃ buddhena saddhiṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ karissāmīti ghaṭṭanā.
29 Samekkhiyānāti:观察后,意为认为。Amaññīti:又未能认清,指那只豺。显示巴利原文
29.Samekkhiyānāti samekkhitvā, maññitvāti attho. Amaññīti puna amaññittha kotthūti siṅgālo.
30 Attānaṃ vighāse samekkhiyāti:在蓄水池的残水中看见自己粗壮的身体。Yāva attānaṃ na passatīti:只要他尚未如实了知自己——“我是靠狮子残食养大的老豺”。Byagghoti maññatīti:便认为“我就是狮子”,或认为“我就是与狮子力量相当的老虎”。显示巴利原文
30.Attānaṃ vighāse samekkhiyāti soṇḍiyaṃ ucchiṭṭhodake thūlaṃ attabhāvaṃ disvā. Yāva attānaṃ na passatīti yāva ahaṃ sīhavighāsasaṃvaḍḍhitako jarasiṅgāloti evaṃ yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ na passati. Byagghoti maññatīti sīhohamasmīti maññati, sīhena vā samānabalo byagghoyeva ahanti maññati.
31 「Bhutvāna bheketi」:意为吃了洞里的青蛙。「Khalamūsikāyoti」:也吃了打谷场上的老鼠。「Kaṭasīsu khittāni ca koṇapānīti」:也吃了被扔弃在坟墓间的尸体。「Mahāvaneti」:在大森林中。「Suññavaneti」:在空寂的林中。「Vivaḍḍhoti」:长大后。「Tatheva so siṅgālakaṃ anadīti」:即便如此长大,心中仍自认为是“兽王”,却只能像从前那只羸弱的小豺一样,发出豺的叫声。这首偈颂也借此敲打帕提卡子:正如那只靠吃青蛙等物长大的豺,不过是个贪着利养与恭敬的人。显示巴利原文
31.Bhutvāna bheketi āvāṭamaṇḍūke khāditvā. Khalamūsikāyoti khalesu mūsikāyo ca khāditvā. Kaṭasīsu khittāni ca koṇapānīti susānesu chaḍḍitakuṇapāni ca khāditvā. Mahāvaneti mahante vanasmiṃ. Suññavaneti tucchavane. Vivaḍḍhoti vaḍḍhito. Tatheva so siṅgālakaṃ anadīti evaṃ saṃvaḍḍhopi migarājāhamasmīti maññitvāpi yathā pubbe dubbalasiṅgālakāle, tatheva so siṅgālaravaṃyeva aravīti . Imāyapi gāthāya bhekādīni bhutvā vaḍḍhitasiṅgālo viya lābhasakkāragiddho tvanti pāthikaputtameva ghaṭṭesi.
「Nāgehīti」:指以诸象,即大象。「Mahābandhanāti」:从大结缚——从深重的烦恼结缚中解脱出来。「Mahāviduggāti」:大险难处,即四瀑流。从此中救拔出来之后,令安立于涅槃的平地之上。显示巴利原文
Nāgehīti hatthīhi. Mahābandhanāti mahatā kilesabandhanā mocetvā. Mahāviduggāti mahāviduggaṃ nāma cattāro oghā. Tato uddharitvā nibbānathale patiṭṭhapetvā.
《最胜施设论》的解说。显示巴利原文
Aggaññapaññattikathāvaṇṇanā
36 如此,显示了“世尊以此说法方式不示现神变”这一句的连结之后,现在为了显示“不施设最胜”这一句的连结,而开始了“且说最胜”的开示。其中,「且说最胜」(aggaññañcāhaṃ):布咤婆楼,我了知最胜,亦了知世界的起源、演变轨迹与世系。我并非只了知最胜——我既了知彼最胜,亦从此之上,从戒与定直至一切知智,皆悉了知。「虽了知彼,却不执取」(na parāmasāmi):纵使如此了知,我也不依于渴爱、邪见与慢而执取“我知此”。这正说明如来没有执取。「自证涅槃为已知」(paccattaññevanibbuti viditāti):于自身中,已自了知烦恼的涅槃。「如来以自证知」(yadabhijānaṃ tathāgatoti):如来了知彼烦恼之涅槃时。「不趋入灾患」(no anayaṃ āpajjatīti):不像那些不了知涅槃的外道,不会遭受灾患、痛苦与不幸。显示巴利原文
36. Iti ‘‘bhagavā ettakena kathāmaggena pāṭihāriyaṃ na karotī’’ti padassa anusandhiṃ dassetvā idāni ‘‘na aggaññaṃ paññāpetī’’ti imassa anusandhiṃ dassento aggaññañcāhanti desanaṃ ārabhi. Tattha aggaññañcāhanti ahaṃ, bhaggava, aggaññañca pajānāmi lokuppatticariyavaṃsañca. Tañca pajānāmīti na kevalaṃ aggaññameva, tañca aggaññaṃ pajānāmi. Tato ca uttaritaraṃ sīlasamādhito paṭṭhāya yāva sabbaññutaññāṇā pajānāmi. Tañca pajānaṃ na parāmasāmīti tañca pajānantopi ahaṃ idaṃ nāma pajānāmīti taṇhādiṭṭhimānavasena na parāmasāmi. Natthi tathāgatassa parāmāsoti dīpeti. Paccattaññevanibbuti viditāti attanāyeva attani kilesanibbānaṃ viditaṃ. Yadabhijānaṃ tathāgatoti yaṃ kilesanibbānaṃ jānanto tathāgato. No anayaṃ āpajjatīti aviditanibbānā titthiyā viya anayaṃ dukkhaṃ byasanaṃ nāpajjati.
37 现在,为了指出外道所安立的“增胜”,而说“有一些,婆伽族的人……”等。其中,「主宰者所作、梵天所作」:即主宰者所做、梵天所做,意思是主宰者所化现、梵天所化现。在此处,梵天因为具有统治权,应被理解为就是主宰者。「师说」:指老师的地位、老师的教说。在这里,老师的教说即是增胜。然而,由于这里所开示的就是增胜,因此他也就被称为“增胜”。「如何被造」:指由谁所造、如何被造。其余的内容,应依照《梵网经》中所详述的方式来理解。显示巴利原文
37. Idāni yaṃ taṃ titthiyā aggaññaṃ paññapenti, taṃ dassento santi bhaggavātiādimāha. Tattha issarakuttaṃ brahmakuttanti issarakataṃ brahmakataṃ, issaranimmitaṃ brahmanimmitanti attho. Brahmā eva hi ettha ādhipaccabhāvena issaroti veditabbo. Ācariyakanti ācariyabhāvaṃ ācariyavādaṃ. Tattha ācariyavādo aggaññaṃ. Aggaññaṃ pana ettha desitanti katvā so aggaññaṃ tveva vutto. Kathaṃ vihitakanti kena vihitaṃ kinti vihitaṃ. Sesaṃ brahmajāle vitthāritanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
41 「戏乐腐化天」:指戏乐腐化天的根源。显示巴利原文
41.Khiḍḍāpadosikanti khiḍḍāpadosikamūlaṃ.
47 「以不实」:指以那不存在、无法现起的东西,即不真实之义。「以空虚」:指以那空虚、没有内在实质的东西。「以妄语」:指以说妄语的方式。「以非实」:指以那远离真实之事的东西。「诽谤」:即非难、中伤。「颠倒」:即颠倒想、颠倒心。「而且比丘们」:不单单是沙门乔达摩如此,那些遵行他教导的人,也就是那些比丘们,也都是颠倒的。然后,为了说明他们所说的“颠倒”指的是什么,而说了“沙门乔达摩……”等语。「净色解脱」:指色遍。「而是不净」:他了知净与不净,一切全为不净。「彼时则是净」:他在那个时候了知为净,而非不净。「而且比丘们」:那些这样说的人,连同他们的比丘和沙弥,全都是颠倒的。「堪任」:即有能力、可以胜任。显示巴利原文
47.Asatāti avijjamānena, asaṃvijjamānaṭṭhenāti attho. Tucchāti tucchena antosāravirahitena. Musāti musāvādena. Abhūtenāti bhūtatthavirahitena. Abbhācikkhantīti abhiācikkhanti. Viparītoti viparītasañño viparītacitto. Bhikkhavo cāti na kevalaṃ samaṇo gotamoyeva, ye ca assa anusiṭṭhiṃ karonti, te bhikkhū ca viparītā. Atha yaṃ sandhāya viparītoti vadanti, taṃ dassetuṃ samaṇo gotamotiādi vuttaṃ. Subhaṃ vimokkhanti vaṇṇakasiṇaṃ. Asubhantvevāti subhañca asubhañca sabbaṃ asubhanti evaṃ pajānāti. Subhantveva tasmiṃ samayeti subhanti eva ca tasmiṃ samaye pajānāti, na asubhaṃ. Bhikkhavo cāti ye te evaṃ vadanti, tesaṃ bhikkhavo ca antevāsikasamaṇā viparītā. Pahotīti samattho paṭibalo.
48 “这实是难事”这段话:这位游方者所说的“尊者,我如此净信……”等语,实是出于伪诈和欺骗。据说他心里这样想:“沙门乔达摩为我说了这么多的法义,我听了之后还是不能出家,那我应当装出好像遵循他教法的样子来。”于是他便用伪诈和欺骗这样说了。因此,世尊像是直指他的痛处一样,对他说:“布咤婆楼,你持守着其他见解,这确实很难办到……”等等。其中的意义与《布咤婆楼经》中所说的一致。“善护”:就是妥善地加以保护。显示巴利原文
48.Dukkaraṃ khoti ayaṃ paribbājako yadidaṃ ‘‘evaṃpasanno ahaṃ, bhante’’tiādimāha, taṃ sāṭheyyena kohaññena āha. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘samaṇo gotamo mayhaṃ ettakaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi, tamahaṃ sutvāpi pabbajituṃ na sakkomi, mayā etassa sāsanaṃ paṭipannasadisena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Tato so sāṭheyyena kohaññena evamāha. Tenassa bhagavā mammaṃ ghaṭṭento viya ‘‘dukkaraṃ kho etaṃ, bhaggava tayā aññadiṭṭhikenā’’tiādimāha. Taṃ poṭṭhapādasutte vuttatthameva. Sādhukamanurakkhāti suṭṭhu anurakkha.
就这样,世尊引导这位游方者仅仅安住于守护净信。而这位游方者虽然听闻了如此大的一部经,还是不能断尽烦恼。不过,这次的开示却成了他未来熏修习的因缘。其余各处,意义自然明了。显示巴利原文
Iti bhagavā pasādamattānurakkhaṇe paribbājakaṃ niyojesi. Sopi evaṃ mahantaṃ suttantaṃ sutvāpi nāsakkhi kilesakkhayaṃ kātuṃ. Desanā panassa āyatiṃ vāsanāya paccayo ahosi. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.