阿含注疏的编撰
Āgamaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
至于名为《吉祥悦美》的长部注疏,乃是阿阇梨应住在吉祥精舍的长老达塔那伽所请而作。其结语中这样说道:
Sumaṅgalavilāsiniṃ nāma dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ pana ācariyo sumaṅgalapariveṇavāsinā dāṭhānāgattherena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
应吉祥精舍住者、具坚固功德的
达塔那伽僧伽长老——属长老传承者——所请
我着手撰述阐明长部中十力功德聚的这部注疏
这部注疏名为《吉祥悦美》。
‘‘Āyācito sumaṅgala-pariveṇanivāsinā thiraguṇena; Dāṭhānāga saṅgha, ttherena theravaṃsanvayena. Dīghāgamassa dasabala-guṇagaṇaparidīpanassa aṭṭhakathaṃ; Yaṃ ārabhiṃ sumaṅgala-vilāsiniṃ nāma nāmena.
此注疏实为撷取大注疏精要而完成。'
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti .
这部名为《破迷障》的中部注疏,是应尊者佛陀友长老所请而作,长老先前曾与我在孔雀使者港同住。其结语中这样说道——
Papañcasūdaniṃ nāma majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantabuddhamittattherena pubbe mayūradūtapaṭṭane attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
受妙慧具足的佛陀友长老所请,
他先前曾与我在孔雀使者港共住。
为摧破外道之说,对于这最胜的中部经典,
我着手撰述这部名为《破迷障》的注疏。
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantabuddhamittena; Pubbe mayūradūtapa,ṭṭanamhi saddhiṃ vasantena. Paravādavidhaṃsanassa, majjhimanikāyaseṭṭhassa; Yamahaṃ papañcasūdani-maṭṭhakathaṃ kātumārabhiṃ.
此注疏实乃撷取《大注疏》之精要而完成。』
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti .
名为《义显明》的相应部注疏,是应尊者觉护长老所请而作。其结语中这样说——
Sāratthappakāsiniṃ nāma saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
为了撰写这部注疏,尊者觉护长老,
他戒行清净,并以此阐明善说之法的智慧,
怀着令教法光大的心愿,以种种殊胜功德请求于我,
愿以此所证得之功德,令众生得安乐。
‘‘Etissā karaṇatthaṃ, therena bhadantajotipālena; Sucisīlena subhāsitassa pakāsayantañāṇena. Sāsanavibhūtikāmena, yācamānena maṃ subhaguṇena; Yaṃ samadhigataṃ puññaṃ, tenāpi jano sukhī bhavatū’’ti .
此名为《满足希愿》的增支部注疏,乃应具足妙慧的尊者觉护长老所请而作。这位长老曾与我一同在南印度境内的建志城等地,以及锡兰岛的大寺中居住;同时也是应优婆塞耆婆迦所请而作,他通达三藏,具妙慧,安住于不可动摇的正法,犹如劲风吹拂而不为所动的树木一般,生活清净。其结语中这样说——
Manorathapūraṇiṃ nāma aṅguttaranikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherena dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe kañcipurādīsu ca sīhaḷadīpe mahāvihāramhi ca attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito, tathā jīvakenāpi upāsakena piṭakattayapāragubhūtena vātāhatepi aniñjamānasabhāve dume viya aniñjamānasaddhamme ṭhitena sumatinā parisuddhājīvenābhiyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
『应具足妙慧的尊者觉护长老所请,
他往昔曾与我一同住在建志城等地。
这位具足妙慧的尊者,已通达三藏,安住于彼岸之境,
受持清净生活的耆婆迦恳请,
由无数量精通法义开演之道的说法师们,
自宗微妙法义,已阐明、已实践;
我今着手,为增支部大典撰述注疏;
我愿此殊胜教法,长久住世。
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantajotipālena; Kañcipurādīsu mayā, pubbe saddhiṃ vasantena. Varatambapaṇṇidīpe, mahāvihāramhi vasanakālepi; Vātāhate viya dume, aniñjamānamhi saddhamme. Pāraṃ piṭakattayasā,garassa gantvā ṭhitena sumatinā; Parisuddhājīvenā,bhiyācito jīvakenāpi. Dhammakathānayanipuṇehi, dhammakathikehi aparimāṇehi; Parikīḷitassa paṭipa,jjitassa sakasamayacitrassa. Aṭṭhakathaṃ aṅguttara,mahānikāyassa kātumāraddho; Yamahaṃ cirakālaṭṭhiti-micchanto sāsanavarassa. Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā; Catunnavutiparimāṇāya, pāḷiyā bhāṇavārehi. Sabbāgamasaṃvaṇṇana, manoratho pūrito ca me yasmā; Etāya manoratha pūraṇīti nāmaṃ tato assā’’ti .
而阿阇梨觉音在造此四部阿含注疏时,乃是将大玛欣德长老所传来、名为根本注疏的《大注疏》,通过转译语言,并对重复出现的广说部分加以简略的方式,编撰而成。著作卷首即如此记述:
Imā ca pana catasso āgamaṭṭhakathāyo kurumāno ācariyabuddhaghoso mahāmahindattherenābhataṃ mūlaṭṭhakathāsaṅkhātaṃ mahāaṭṭhakathaṃyeva bhāsāparivattanavasena ceva punappunāgatavitthārakathāmaggassa saṃkhipanavasena ca akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ ganthārambhe –
『然于楞伽岛上,从那具通、已得自在的玛欣德大长老处,
为了岛上居民的利益,以锡兰语安立。
我从那里除去锡兰语,而以令人愉悦的语言,
令其与经典理趣相符,远离过失……
舍去重复之义,我将阐明其义理。
‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābha,tātha vasinā mahāmahindena; Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya. Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ; Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ…pe… Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti.
在结语中也是如此:
Tathā nigamanepi –
此注疏乃摄取大注疏之精要而完成,
以及“我摄取根本注之精要而造此注疏”。
‘‘Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti ca; ‘‘Mūlaṭṭhakathāsāraṃ, ādāya mayā imaṃ karontenā’’ti ca.
在这些作为其主体的注疏正文中,并不像在《普端严》里那样,可见标示诸如“于《大护灯》”、“于《小护灯》”等种种抉择与释难之分判;同样地,在阿毗达摩诸注疏中亦未见这些标示。由此可知:“于经、论之中,除了大注疏之外,并没有其他名为《大护灯》等的古代锡兰注疏以及案达罗注疏。”然而,曾于此间注疏中谈及的、诸位知名锡兰长老的抉择、论述与事迹,确可一直上溯至瓦萨巴王时期。
Imāsaṃ sarīrabhūtapāṭhesu ca samantapāsādikāyaṃ viya ‘‘mahāpaccariyaṃ, kurundiya’’ntiādinā vinicchayasaṃvaṇṇanābhedappakāsanaṃ na dissati, tathā abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsupi. Tenetaṃ ñāyati ‘‘suttantābhidhammesu mahāaṭṭhakathāto aññā mahāpaccariādināmikā porāṇikā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo ceva andhakaṭṭhakathā ca natthī’’ti. Yāva vasabharājakālā (609-653) pana pākaṭānaṃ sīhaḷikattherānaṃ vinicchayo ca vādā ca vatthūni ca etāsupi dissantiyevāti.