其为南印度国人的论证。
Dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikabhāvayutti
然而,许多现代有识之士如法喜(Dhammānanda)等认为:“阿阇梨佛音长老是南印度国人。”对此,此处的根据是:绝大部分注释书与复注的作者皆为南印度人。例如,《佛种姓经注》《阿毗达摩入门注》及《律判别注》的作者阿阇梨佛授长老,生于乔罗国(Coḷaraṭṭha)铜掌河(Tambapaṇṇinadi)畔的乌拉伽城(Uraganagara),与阿阇梨佛音是同时代人。《胜义判别》《名色分别》及《阿毗达摩义集》的作者阿阇梨阿那律长老,生于甘吉婆罗国(Kañcivararaṭṭha)的迦毗里城(Kāverinagara)。为《小部》所摄《优陀那》等圣典作注的《胜义灯》的作者阿阇梨法护长老,亦是南印度甘吉城(Kañcipura)人。由此可知,这位佛音长老亦当如是了知。诚如《满足希求》(即增支部注释)的跋文所说:
Bahū pana ādhunikā vicakkhaṇā dhammānandādayo ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghosatthero dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko’’ti vadanti. Ayaṃ panettha yutti, yebhuyyena hi aṭṭhakathāṭīkākārā therā dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikāyeva. Tathā hi buddhavaṃsaṭṭhakathāya ca abhidhammāvatāraṭṭhakathāya ca vinayavinicchayaṭṭhakathāya ca kārako ācariyabuddhadattatthero coḷaraṭṭhe tambapaṇṇinadiyaṃ uraganagare jāto ācariyabuddhaghosena ekakāliko ca. Paramatthavinicchaya-nāmarūpapariccheda-abhidhammatthasaṅgahānaṃ kārako ācariyaanuruddhattherokañcivararaṭṭhe kāverinagarajātiko. Khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaudānādipāḷiyā saṃvaṇṇanābhūtāya paramatthadīpaniyā kārako ācariyadhammapālattheropi dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe kañcipurajātiko. Tathevāyampīti veditabbo. Vuttañhi manorathapūraṇiyā nāma aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāya nigamane –
“受具慧者所请,由先前曾与我同住甘吉城等处的尊者光护长老……”
“先前曾与我同住甘吉城等处。”
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantajotipālena; Kañcipurādīsu mayā, pubbe saddhiṃ vasantenā’’ti.
此处所称的甘吉城,即现今位于马德拉斯城略偏西南的南方地区,约四十五英里处,现在叫作甘吉瓦拉姆的城市。
Ettha ca kañcipuraṃ nāma madarasanagarassa īsakaṃ pacchimanissite dakkhiṇadisābhāge pañcacattālīsamilappamāṇe padese idāni kañjīvara iti voharitanagarameva.
同样,在名为《破除迷执》(中部注释)的跋文中也说:
Tathā papañcasūdaniyā nāma majjhimaṭṭhakathāya nigamanepi –
应具慧者所请,由曾与我同住在孔雀使港的佛友长老……
“曾与我一同住在孔雀使港者。”——如是说。
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena buddhamittena; Pubbe mayūradūta paṭṭanamhi saddhiṃ vasantenā’’ti – vuttaṃ.
此处所说的孔雀使港,据古事探寻者称,即现今马德拉斯城附近、名为米拉波尔(Milapora)的地方。
Ettha ca mayūradūtapaṭṭanaṃ nāma idāni madarasanagarasamīpe milapora iti voharitaṭṭhānanti porāṇappavattigavesīhi vuttaṃ.
然而,这些结颂偈颂只显示曾住于南印度国,并未显示曾住于菩提座附近或缅甸国。因此,无法否定阿阇梨佛音是南印度国人。
Imāhi pana nigamanagāthāhi dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭheyeva nivutthapubbataṃ pakāseti, bodhimaṇḍasamīpe vā, marammaraṭṭhe vā nivutthapubbatāya pakāsanañca na dissati. Tena ācariyabuddhaghoso dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko na hotīti na sakkā paṭikkhipituṃ.
在《善见律毘婆沙》(律藏注释)(3,13)中,阿阇梨也这样说:
Samantapāsādikāyampi vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (3, 13) ācariyena evaṃ vuttaṃ –
然而,暗黑国注释中说:“在未加围隔的露台处无犯。”这是就地面而言,并非指有围墙的露台,而是指露台。这是针对暗黑国中那些独栋、单顶、内室排列的建筑而说的。
‘‘Yaṃ pana andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘aparikkhitte pamukhe anāpattīti bhūmiyaṃ vinā jagatiyā pamukhaṃ sandhāya kathita’nti vuttaṃ, taṃ andhakaraṭṭhe pāṭekkasannivesā ekacchadanā gabbhapāḷiyo sandhāya vutta’’nti.
通过这句话,“暗黑国注释是由暗黑国的长老们所作”这一点便显而易见,而且佛音阿阇梨也清楚地了知暗黑国注释所意指的内容以及当地特有的内室排列样式,因此,不能说佛音不是该地之人。
Iminā pana vacanena ‘‘andhakaṭṭhakathā andhakaraṭṭhikehi therehi katā’’ti pākaṭā hoti, ācariyabuddhaghosopi ca andhakaṭṭhakathāya sandhāyabhāsitampi tandesikagabbhapāḷisannivesākārampi suṭṭhu jānāti, tasmā tandesiko na hotīti na sakkā vattunti.
同样,《清净道论》的跋文中也说:“应称为摩兰达村者。”此处“kheṭa”一词在梵语词典中示有三种含义:村庄、农人住处或小城镇。在南印度各国,至今仍称村庄为“kheḍā”。因此,生于名为摩兰达的村庄者,便称为摩兰达村人;而应被称为摩兰达村人者,即是“摩兰达村应称者”。依此释义,应取“应称为生于摩兰达村的长老”之义。然而,现今在南印度国的贡塔地区,距那伽罗军那贡达约五十一英里、距阿马拉瓦提约五十八英里处,有两个地方名为科塔内马利普里和贡达拉帕里,那里曾发现许多古代佛教遗物。“内马利”是“摩兰”(孔雀)的特鲁古语,“贡达鲁”是“蛋”的特鲁古语。因此,古地探寻者认为,这两个地方即是古时称为摩兰达村之处,可能正是阿阇梨佛音的出生村落。然而,由……
Tathā imassapi visuddhimaggassa nigamane – ‘‘moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Ettha ca kheṭoti padassa gāmoti vā, jānapadānaṃ kassakānaṃ nivāsoti vā, khuddakanagaranti vā tayo atthā sakkatābhidhāne pakāsitā, dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhesu ca yāvajjatanāpi gāmo kheḍāti voharīyati. Tasmā moraṇḍavhaye kheṭe jāto moraṇḍakheṭako, moraṇḍakheṭako iti vattabbo moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbo, tena moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenāti vacanatthaṃ katvā ‘‘moraṇḍagāme jātoti vattabbena therenā’’ti attho gahetabbo. Idāni pana dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe guntājanapade nāgārajunakoṇḍato ekapaṇṇāsamilamatte (51) amaravatito ca aṭṭhapaṇṇāsamilamatte (58) padese kotanemalipurīti ca gundalapallīti ca voharitaṃ ṭhānadvayamatthi, tattha ca bahūni buddhasāsanikaporāṇasantakāni diṭṭhāni, nemalīti telaguvohāro ca morassa, gundalu iti ca aṇḍassa, tasmā taṃ ṭhānadvayameva pubbe moraṇḍakheṭoti voharito ācariyabuddhaghosassa jātigāmo bhaveyyāti porāṇaṭṭhānagavesīhi gahito. Yasmā panetaṃ ‘‘moraṇḍakheṭakavattabbenā’’ti padaṃ ‘‘moraṇḍagāmajātenā’’ti padaṃ viya pāḷinayānucchavikaṃ na hoti, aññehi ca bahūhi visesanapadehi ekato aṭṭhatvā visesyapadassa pacchato visuṃ ṭhitaṃ, āgamaṭṭhakathādīsu ca na dissati, tasmā etaṃ kenaci taṃkālikena ācariyassa jātiṭṭhānaṃ sañjānantena pakkhittaṃ viya dissatīti.
然而,在这三种说法中——“阿阇梨佛音生于菩提树附近”、“是缅甸国人”和“是南印度国人”——最后一种最为有力,因为这是依据阿阇梨本人的话。因此,应依此了知阿阇梨佛音长老的出身。
Imesu pana tīsu ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jātoti ca marammaraṭṭhikoti ca dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhiko’’ti ca vuttavacanesu pacchimameva balavataraṃ hoti ācariyasseva vacananissitattā, tasmā tadeva nissāya ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa uppatti evaṃ veditabbā.