关于帕希亚旅途历程的讲述
Phāhiyamaddhānakkamakathā
名叫帕希亚的中国比丘,在佛灭956年,把从锡兰岛译成梵语的化地部律藏、长阿含、杂阿含和杂藏,连同自己一起带回了中国——这件事在他的旅行记述里有说明。而这一切,他都是从无畏山寺得到的,因为大寺的住众那里并没有译成梵语的三藏。那些在注释书里被驳斥的伪经之类,也只可能存在于无畏山寺,因为大寺的住众不接受它们。同样,那位中国比丘还说到:“帕希亚比丘住在锡兰岛期间(佛灭954—956年),大寺里住着大约三千比丘,他们只学上座部三藏,不学大乘藏。无畏山寺里住着大约五千比丘,他们两种藏都学,既学大乘藏,也学上座部藏。”
Phāhiyannāmena hi cinabhikkhunā 956-buddhavasse sīhaḷadīpato sakkatabhāsāropitaṃ mahisāsakavinayapiṭakañca dīghāgamo ca saṃyuttāgamo ca sannipātapiṭakañca attanā saha cinaraṭṭhamānītanti tassa addhānakkamakathāyaṃ dassitaṃ. Tañca sabbaṃ abhayagirivihāratoyeva laddhamassa, mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ sakkatāropitapiṭakābhāvato. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ paṭikkhittavaṇṇapiṭakādīni ca tattheva bhaveyyuṃ, mahāvihāravāsīhi tesaṃ appaṭiggahitabhāvato. Tathā ‘‘phāhiyambhikkhussa sīhaḷadīpe paṭivasanakāle (954-956-bu-va) mahāvihāre tisahassamattā bhikkhū vasanti, te theravādapiṭakameva uggaṇhanti, na mahāyānapiṭakaṃ. Abhayagirivihāre pañcasahassamattā bhikkhū vasanti, te pana dvepi piṭakāni uggaṇhanti mahāyānapiṭakañceva theravādapiṭakañcā’’ti ca teneva cinabhikkhunā dassitaṃ.
不过,无畏山寺的住众也学习大乘藏,所以在那座精舍里,应该确实存在着大乘主要导师阿萨·科萨和那嘎·阿竹那所造的著作。正因为如此,阿阇梨佛音长老以及其他同时代博闻的大寺住众长老,必定也知道他们的教理和名字。另外,在南印度海滨的衮塔地区,有一个叫龙树山的地方,大乘的主要导师那嘎·阿竹那曾住在那里,建立佛教。阿阇梨佛音似乎也有前往该地的因缘,这将在后面(第33页)说明。因此也可以推断,阿阇梨佛音长老必定知道那嘎·阿竹那和阿萨·科萨的教理与名字。
Yasmā pana abhayagirivāsino mahāyānapiṭakampi uggaṇhanti, tasmā tasmiṃ vihāre mahāyānikānaṃ padhānācariyabhūtehi assaghosanāgajjunehi kataganthāpi saṃvijjamānāyeva bhaveyyuṃ, tatoyeva tesaṃ nayañca nāmañca ācariyabuddhaghosattheropi aññepi taṃkālikā mahāvihāravāsino sutasampannā therā jāneyyuṃyeva. Apica dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe samuddasamīpe guntājanapade nāgārajunakoṇḍaṃ nāma ṭhānamatthi, yattha nāgajjuno mahāyānikānaṃ padhānācariyabhūto vasanto buddhasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Ācariyabuddhaghosassa ca tandesikabhāvanimittaṃ dissati, taṃ pacchato (33-piṭṭhe) āvibhavissati. Tasmāpi ācariyabuddhaghosatthero nāgajjunassa ca assaghosassa ca nayañca nāmañca jāneyyayevāti sakkā anuminituṃ.
佛音阿阇梨虽然知道他们的主张和名字,却不在自己的注释书里说明,正是因为他们属于别的部派。就像这样:阿萨·科萨和那嘎·阿竹那两人中,阿萨·科萨属于从上座部分裂出来的十一个部派中的说一切有部,那嘎·阿竹那则属于从大众部、塔山部等部派生出来的大乘部派。而大寺的住众从一开始就极为珍视自己的三藏,用心守护,不让它混入其他部派的说法,佛音阿阇梨也是他们中的一员。他的著作结尾处就说过:“作为大寺住众传承的庄严。”所以应当知道:佛音阿阇梨虽然了解他们的主张,但为了让自己的著作不混杂其他部派的说法,所以没有加以说明。
Jānatoyeva pana tesaṃ nayassa vā nāmassa vā attano aṭṭhakathāyamappakāsanaṃ tesaṃ nikāyantarabhāvatoyevassa. Tathā hi tesaṃ assaghosanāgajjunānaṃ assaghoso theravādato bhinnesu ekādasasu gaṇesu sabbatthivādagaṇe pariyāpanno, nāgajjuno ca mahāsaṅghika-cetiyavādigaṇādīhi jāte mahāyānanikāye pariyāpanno, mahāvihāravāsino ca āditoyeva paṭṭhāya nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ attano piṭakaṃ atīva ādaraṃ katvā rakkhanti, ayañca ācariyabuddhaghoso tesamaññataro. Vuttañhi tassa ganthanigamanesu ‘‘mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtenā’’ti. Tasmā ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso tesaṃ nayaṃ jānantoyeva attano ganthesu nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ nappakāsesī’’ti veditabbaṃ.
到此为止,法喜·憍赏弥那些贬损阿阇梨佛音的话,是借着审查《大史》中“在菩提道场附近,出生为婆罗门童子”等语句为切入点而说的;这些话都已作过考察,证明是没有根据的。不过,除了那段《大史》的话之外,确实找不到强有力的证据来成立“阿阇梨佛音出生在菩提道场附近”这个说法;即使是《佛音出世传》里所说的,也因为那是依据《大史》而说的,所以也不能成为强有力的证据。
Ettāvatā ca yāni ‘‘bodhimaṇḍasamīpamhi, jāto brāhmaṇamāṇavo’’tiādinā vuttassa mahāvaṃsavacanassa vicāraṇamukhena ācariyabuddhaghosassa vambhanavacanāni dhammānandakosambinā vuttāni, tāni amūlakabhāvena anuvicāritāni. Tathāpi ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jāto’’ti etaṃ pana atthaṃ sādhetuṃ daḷhakāraṇaṃ na dissateva ṭhapetvā taṃ mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ, yampi buddhaghosuppattiyaṃ vuttaṃ, tampi mahāvaṃsameva nissāya vuttavacanattā na daḷhakāraṇaṃ hotīti.