关于法显的旅途历程的叙述
Phāhiyamaddhānakkamakathā
据说,一位名叫法显的中国比丘,于佛灭956年将已从狮子洲译为梵语的化地部律藏、长阿含、杂阿含及杂藏,一并带回了中国;这在他的行旅记述中有所说明。而这一切,他仅从无畏山寺获得,因为大寺住众并无译为梵语的三藏。在注释书中被驳斥的种种伪经等,也只会存在于那里,因为大寺住众不接受它们。同样,那位中国比丘还说明:“法显比丘住在狮子洲时(佛灭954–956年),大寺中住有约三千比丘,他们只学习上座部三藏,不学大乘藏。无畏山寺住有约五千比丘,他们学习两种藏,即大乘藏和上座部藏。”
Phāhiyannāmena hi cinabhikkhunā 956-buddhavasse sīhaḷadīpato sakkatabhāsāropitaṃ mahisāsakavinayapiṭakañca dīghāgamo ca saṃyuttāgamo ca sannipātapiṭakañca attanā saha cinaraṭṭhamānītanti tassa addhānakkamakathāyaṃ dassitaṃ. Tañca sabbaṃ abhayagirivihāratoyeva laddhamassa, mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ sakkatāropitapiṭakābhāvato. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ paṭikkhittavaṇṇapiṭakādīni ca tattheva bhaveyyuṃ, mahāvihāravāsīhi tesaṃ appaṭiggahitabhāvato. Tathā ‘‘phāhiyambhikkhussa sīhaḷadīpe paṭivasanakāle (954-956-bu-va) mahāvihāre tisahassamattā bhikkhū vasanti, te theravādapiṭakameva uggaṇhanti, na mahāyānapiṭakaṃ. Abhayagirivihāre pañcasahassamattā bhikkhū vasanti, te pana dvepi piṭakāni uggaṇhanti mahāyānapiṭakañceva theravādapiṭakañcā’’ti ca teneva cinabhikkhunā dassitaṃ.
然而,无畏山寺的住众也学习大乘藏,因此在该寺中,应存有大乘首要导师马鸣、龙树所造的著作。正由此,阿阇梨觉音长老及其他同时代博闻的大寺住众长老,必然知晓他们的教理与名字。此外,在南印度海滨的衮塔地区,有一处名为龙树山的地方,大乘首要导师龙树曾在那里住持并建立佛教。阿阇梨觉音似有因缘前往该地,此将在后文(第33页)阐明。故可推知,阿阇梨觉音长老必定知晓龙树与马鸣的教理及名字。
Yasmā pana abhayagirivāsino mahāyānapiṭakampi uggaṇhanti, tasmā tasmiṃ vihāre mahāyānikānaṃ padhānācariyabhūtehi assaghosanāgajjunehi kataganthāpi saṃvijjamānāyeva bhaveyyuṃ, tatoyeva tesaṃ nayañca nāmañca ācariyabuddhaghosattheropi aññepi taṃkālikā mahāvihāravāsino sutasampannā therā jāneyyuṃyeva. Apica dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe samuddasamīpe guntājanapade nāgārajunakoṇḍaṃ nāma ṭhānamatthi, yattha nāgajjuno mahāyānikānaṃ padhānācariyabhūto vasanto buddhasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Ācariyabuddhaghosassa ca tandesikabhāvanimittaṃ dissati, taṃ pacchato (33-piṭṭhe) āvibhavissati. Tasmāpi ācariyabuddhaghosatthero nāgajjunassa ca assaghosassa ca nayañca nāmañca jāneyyayevāti sakkā anuminituṃ.
然而,他虽知晓,却不在自己的注释书中阐明他们的教理或名字,正因其属于其他部派。事实上,马鸣与龙树之中,马鸣属于从上座部分裂出的十一部中的说一切有部,龙树则属于由大众部、制多山部等衍生的大乘部派。而大寺住众自始至终为不杂于异部派时期,极为审慎地守护着自己的三藏,阿阇梨觉音也是其中一员。在其著作的跋文中即说:‘作为大寺住众世系之庄严者’。故应知:‘阿阇梨觉音虽知晓他们的教理,但为使己著不杂于异部派时期,故不予阐明。’
Jānatoyeva pana tesaṃ nayassa vā nāmassa vā attano aṭṭhakathāyamappakāsanaṃ tesaṃ nikāyantarabhāvatoyevassa. Tathā hi tesaṃ assaghosanāgajjunānaṃ assaghoso theravādato bhinnesu ekādasasu gaṇesu sabbatthivādagaṇe pariyāpanno, nāgajjuno ca mahāsaṅghika-cetiyavādigaṇādīhi jāte mahāyānanikāye pariyāpanno, mahāvihāravāsino ca āditoyeva paṭṭhāya nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ attano piṭakaṃ atīva ādaraṃ katvā rakkhanti, ayañca ācariyabuddhaghoso tesamaññataro. Vuttañhi tassa ganthanigamanesu ‘‘mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtenā’’ti. Tasmā ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso tesaṃ nayaṃ jānantoyeva attano ganthesu nikāyantarasamayehi asammissanatthaṃ nappakāsesī’’ti veditabbaṃ.
至此,法喜(Dhammānanda)与拘萨宾(Kosambin)以审察《大史》‘于菩提道场附近,生为婆罗门童子’等语为借口,所出贬损阿阇梨觉音之言,已因无实据而被驳斥。然而,除那段《大史》叙述外,确不见任何确凿证据可成立‘阿阇梨觉音生于菩提道场附近’这一义理;纵是《觉音出世传》所说,亦因依于《大史》而说,故不成为确凿证据。
Ettāvatā ca yāni ‘‘bodhimaṇḍasamīpamhi, jāto brāhmaṇamāṇavo’’tiādinā vuttassa mahāvaṃsavacanassa vicāraṇamukhena ācariyabuddhaghosassa vambhanavacanāni dhammānandakosambinā vuttāni, tāni amūlakabhāvena anuvicāritāni. Tathāpi ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jāto’’ti etaṃ pana atthaṃ sādhetuṃ daḷhakāraṇaṃ na dissateva ṭhapetvā taṃ mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ, yampi buddhaghosuppattiyaṃ vuttaṃ, tampi mahāvaṃsameva nissāya vuttavacanattā na daḷhakāraṇaṃ hotīti.