方等说
12 段
吠陀罗之说。
Vetullavādo
所谓方广之说究竟为何,竟令大寺住众极度厌恶?如今,由于名为方广的典籍或部派现已不显,故无法全面阐明方广之说的真实面貌。然而,在《阿毗达摩藏》的《论事注》中,载有若干方广之说。是怎样的呢?
Kīdiso vetullavādo nāma, yato mahāvihāravāsino ativiya jigucchiṃsūti? Idāni vetullavādassa sarūpaṃ sabbākārena pakāsetuṃ na sakkā, vetullanāmena potthakānaṃ vā nikāyassa vā etarahi apākaṭabhāvato. Abhidhammapiṭake pana kathāvatthuaṭṭhakathāyaṃ katipayā vetullavādā āgatā. Kathaṃ? –
“从究竟义而言,唯有道果是僧团,道果之外别无僧团可言;而道果并不领受任何事物,因此不应说‘僧团接受供养’。”
‘‘Paramatthato maggaphalāneva saṅgho, maggaphalehi añño saṅgho nāma natthi, maggaphalāni ca na kiñci paṭiggaṇhanti, tasmā na vattabbaṃ saṅgho dakkhiṇaṃ paṭiggaṇhātī’’ti ca (1).
“唯有道果是僧团,而道果不能使供养清净,因此不应说‘僧团净化供养’。”
‘‘Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca tāni dakkhiṇaṃ visodhetuṃ sakkonti, tasmā na vattabbaṃ saṅgho dakkhiṇaṃ visodhetī’’ti ca (2).
唯有道果才可称为僧团,而道果并不食用任何东西,因此不应言说‘僧团吃、喝、嚼、尝’。
‘‘Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca tāni kiñci bhuñjanti, tasmā na vattabbaṃ saṅgho bhuñjati pivati khādati sāyatī’’ti ca (3).
唯有道果才可称为僧团,然而既无法给予它们任何东西,它们也不能纳受,且通过布施于彼亦不能成就任何利益,因此不应言说‘施予僧团有大果报’。
Maggaphalāneva saṅgho nāma, na ca sakkā tesaṃ kiñci dātuṃ, na ca tehi paṭiggaṇhituṃ, nāpi tesaṃ dānena koci upakāro ijjhati, tasmā na vattabbaṃ saṅghassa dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti ca (4).
佛陀世尊实不受用任何事物,但为随顺世间而示现为似乎有所受用,因此,由于并无实际的利益,不应言说‘对他布施有大果报’。
‘‘Buddho bhagavā na kiñci paribhuñjati, lokānuvattanatthaṃ pana paribhuñjamānaṃ viya attānaṃ dasseti, tasmā nirupakārattā na vattabbaṃ tasmiṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti ca (5).
世尊生于兜率天,便安住于彼处,不来人间,唯在此世间示现化身。
‘‘Bhagavā tusitabhavane nibbatto tattheva vasati, na manussalokaṃ āgacchati, nimmitarūpamattakaṃ panettha dassetī’’ti ca (6).
世尊住于兜率天城,为说法故遣出化身;正是由彼化身说法,并由尊者阿难受持其教而宣说,非是佛陀世尊亲说。
‘‘Tusitapure ṭhito bhagavā dhammadesanatthāya abhinimmitaṃ pesesi, tena ceva, tassa ca desanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā āyasmatā ānandena dhammo desito, na buddhena bhagavatā’’ti ca (7).
应以同一意欲而行淫欲法。此处所谓同一意欲,即:或以悲悯为意欲,此即同一意欲;或与女人共作供佛等事已,依誓愿力而生此念:‘我等当于轮回中长相伴’,如是有情二人同一意欲,此种同一意欲之淫欲法乃可行持。以上便是吠陀罗派的主张;据上座部典籍,其学说仅显这么多。
‘‘Ekādhippāyena methuno dhammo paṭisevitabbo. Ayaṃ panettha attho – kāruññena vā ekena adhippāyena ekādhippāyo, saṃsāre vā ekato bhavissāmāti itthiyā saddhiṃ buddhapūjādīni katvā paṇidhivasena eko adhippāyo assāti ekādhippāyo, evarūpo dvinnampi janānaṃ ekādhippāyo methuno dhammo paṭisevitabbo’’ti ca (8) evaṃ vetullavādīnaṃ laddhiyo āgatā, ettakāyeva nesaṃ vādā theravādaganthavasena dāni paññāyanti.
在此,最初的四种说法,错执经中所说的僧团,全然否定律中所说的僧团。接下来的三种说法,是随顺自在天化现之论。而最后一种,则显然是非正法之说。
Ettha ca ādito catūhi vādehi suttantāgatasaṅgho ca micchā gahito, vinayāgatasaṅgho ca sabbathā paṭikkhitto. Tadanantaraṃ tayo vādā issaranimmānavādānuvattakā. Antimassa pana asaddhammavādabhāvo ativiya pākaṭoti.
然而,《阿毗达摩集论》阐明,吠陀罗藏即是菩萨藏,因此,在《正法莲华经》等菩萨藏中所出现的学说,也应视作“吠陀罗之说”。
Abhidhammasamuccaye pana vetullapiṭakassa bodhisattapiṭakabhāvo pakāsito, tasmā saddhammapuṇḍarikasuttādike bodhisattapiṭake āgatavādopi ‘‘vetullavādo’’ti veditabbo .
