《清净道论大疏》
Visuddhimagga-mahāṭīkā
第十二 神变种类说明的注释
12. Iddhividhaniddesavaṇṇanā
神通论的注释
Abhiññākathāvaṇṇanā
365为依注释方式显示紧随前文定论之现前性,而说“此是定之修习”。在说了“应努力成就神通”之后,为显示其中的利益差别,而说“如是”等语。虽然更为坚固的状态与观修之乐,确为定修习之功德,然而五种世间神通作为上述定修习的功德广为人知,故依这些神通而说瑜伽行者已得功德;以十四种调心而说更为坚固的状态。于世间神通中的自在,亦是定本身的自在,且依“得定者如实知”之说,故说“将轻易成就慧之修习”。因此,由于定修习所获功德是更为坚固的状态,且慧之修习得以轻易成就,是故即使慧修习的时机已到,我等仍先开演神通之论,此是意旨所在。
365. Saṃvaṇṇanāvasena anantarasamādhikathāya āsannapaccakkhataṃ dīpento ‘‘ayaṃ samādhibhāvanā’’ti āha. ‘‘Abhiññā sampādetuṃ yogo kātabbo’’ti vatvā tattha payojanavisese dassetuṃ ‘‘evañhī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi thiratarabhāvo, vipassanābhāvanāsukhatā ca samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃso eva, tathāpi pañca lokiyābhiññā yathāvuttasamādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃsabhāvena pākaṭā paññātāti tāsaṃyeva vasena yogino adhigatānisaṃsatā vuttā, cuddasadhā cittaparidamanena thirataratā vuttā. Lokiyābhiññāsu vasībhāvopi samādhisseva vasībhāvo, tathā ca ‘‘samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.5; 4.99; 5.1071; netti. 40; mi. pa. 2.1.14) vacanato ‘‘sukheneva paññābhāvanaṃ sampādessatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmāti yasmā samādhibhāvanāya ānisaṃsalābho thirataratā, sukheneva ca paññābhāvanā ijjhati, tasmā abhiññākathaṃ tāva ārabhissāma, paññābhāvanāya okāse sampattepīti adhippāyo.
世尊宣说了五种世间神通,这是与之的关联。于此教法中,并非仅应成就四禅,亦非仅应成就神变智,而是还有更上、更胜的法,这是为了次第开示更上、更胜之法。
Bhagavatā pañca lokikābhiññā vuttāti sambandho. Na catukkajjhānamattameva idha sāsane sampādetabbaṃ, napi iddhividhañāṇameva, atha kho aññampi atthīti uttaruttaripaṇītapaṇītadhammadesanatthañca.
“神变”即名为神通的转变本色之作用,这是因神变神通在诸神通中为主而说,或者也可视为“神通与神变”之义。神变的单独列举,亦应依所述理由而见。依虚空遍不能生起无色定,而将光明遍摄入白遍后,说“以白遍为边际”,因为意指依遍顺等调心方法;然而为虚空化作等目的,此二者亦应被希求。“八八”者,即于所述诸遍中,每一遍有八种等至。“遍顺”者,即依遍的次第,次第应依教说而了知。禅顺则依修行次第。超越为越入,越入即越入,禅的越入称为禅越入,意为超越禅。从支的转移,即从支的超越。应调练心,为随意、随处入禅等之乐,及为了了别他们所缘。如是,他的善巧于此成就。
Iddhivikubbananti iddhisaṅkhātaṃ pakativaṇṇajahanakiriyaṃ, idaṃ iddhīsu vikubbaniddhiyā padhānatāya vuttaṃ, iddhiṃ vikubbanañcāti evaṃ vā attho daṭṭhabbo. Vikubbanassa visuṃ gahaṇampi vuttakāraṇeneva daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ākāsakasiṇavasena arūpasamāpattiyo na sambhavanti, ālokakasiṇañca odātakasiṇantogadhaṃ katvā ‘‘odātakasiṇapariyantesū’’ti vuttaṃ kasiṇānulomādicittaparidamanavidhino adhippetattā, ākāsanimmānādiatthaṃ pana tadubhayampi icchitabbameva. Aṭṭha aṭṭhāti yathāvuttesu kasiṇesu ekekasmiṃ aṭṭha aṭṭha samāpattiyo. Kasiṇānulomatoti kasiṇapaṭipāṭito, paṭipāṭi ca desanāvasena veditabbā. Jhānānulomo pana paṭipattivasenapi. Ukkamanaṃ ukkantaṃ, ukkantameva ukkantikaṃ, jhānassa ukkantikaṃ jhānukkantikaṃ, tato, jhānalaṅghanatoti attho. Aṅgasaṅkantito aṅgātikkamato. Cittaṃ paridametabbaṃ yadicchakaṃ yatthicchakaṃ jhānānaṃ samāpajjanādisukhatthaṃ, tesaṃ ārammaṇānañca sallakkhaṇatthaṃ. Evañhissa tattha visavitā samijjhatīti.
366“入禅定”者,是指入全部四种禅定,还是逐一而入?若入全部四种,则从支的转移而言应无差别;若逐一而入,则从所缘转移而言有差别。这并非过失,因为依作意而成就它们的差别。当只作意于遍顺,于一一遍处入禅定,而非支的转移时,即是遍顺。当依支的转移作意而入禅定时,应知为支的转移。依此理,遍顺、所缘转移等彼此差别应知。此名为遍顺的调心,这便是旨趣。
366.Jhānaṃ samāpajjatīti kiṃ catubbidhampi jhānaṃ samāpajjati, udāhu ekekanti? Kiñcettha yadi catubbidhampi samāpajjati, aṅgasaṅkantito viseso na siyā, atha ekekaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkantito. Nāyaṃ doso ābhogavasena tesaṃ visesasiddhito. Yadā hi kasiṇānulomameva ābhujitvā tattha tattha kasiṇe jhānāni samāpajjati, na aṅgasaṅkantiṃ, tadā kasiṇānulomo. Yadā pana aṅgasaṅkantiṃ ābhujitvā jhānāni samāpajjati, tadā aṅgasaṅkanti veditabbā. Iminā nayena kasiṇānulomaārammaṇasaṅkantiādīnampi aññamaññaṃ viseso veditabbo. Idaṃ kasiṇānulomaṃ nāma cittaparidamananti adhippāyo.
“同样地”一词,意在总括“于八遍中依次百次、千次”之义。此处是逆序,故说“以逆次第”。意思是:先于白遍入禅那,然后红遍……乃至地遍,应如此说。
Tathevāti ‘‘paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu satakkhattumpi sahassakkhattumpī’’ti etassa upasaṃhārattho tathā-saddo. Paṭilomato cettha paṭipāṭi. Tenāha ‘‘paṭilomakkamenā’’ti. Ayañhettha attho – paṭhamaṃ odātakasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjati, tato lohitakasiṇeti yāva pathavīkasiṇā vattabbā.
“屡屡入定”即所说“百次、千次”,指多修习之相。
Punappunaṃ samāpajjananti ‘‘satakkhattuṃ sahassakkhattu’’nti vuttaṃ bahulākāramāha.
“即于此处”指就在地遍。“从此”指从第三禅出定后的时刻。“即彼”指地遍本身。“从此入无所有处”是说:从地遍揭除虚空所起的空无边处等至出定后,不作意识无边处,超越它,而入于由前述空无边处识灭无所起的无所有处。地遍的揭除虚空之遍,实属地遍的同分,故说“随遍已”。或者,于八遍中任何超越的入定,此处名为“遍越入”,故说“随遍已”。至于“禅越入”:此处应以简别遮止所欲,且为显示越入之相,先已说明“如是遍”等,再将彼方式连同所依,摄于其余遍中,故说“如是水遍等……应作”。因此说“依此理”等。如以初禅为基于地遍等中显示了禅越入,同样,以第二禅等为基者,亦应随宜显示。
Tatthevāti pathavīkasiṇeyeva. Tatoti pacchā tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhānantarakālaṃ. Tadevāti pathavīkasiṇameva. Tato ākiñcaññāyatananti tato pathavīkasiṇugghāṭimākāse pavattitaākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ amanasikaritvā taṃ laṅghitvā yathāvuttaākāsānañcāyatanaviññāṇassa abhāve pavattitaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati. Pathavīkasiṇugghāṭimākāsakasiṇaṃ pathavīkasiṇapakkhikameva hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘kasiṇaṃ anukkamitvā’’ti. Atha vā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu kassaci ukkamanaṃ idha kasiṇukkantikaṃ nāmāti āha ‘‘kasiṇaṃ anukkamitvā’’ti. Jhānukkantikanti ettha icchitaṃ avadhāraṇena nivattetabbaṃ, ukkamanassa ca sarūpaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘evaṃ kasiṇa’’ntiādiṃ vatvā puna taṃ pakāraṃ saha nissayena sesakasiṇesu atidisanto ‘‘evaṃ āpokasiṇādi…pe… kātabbā’’ti āha. Tenāha ‘‘iminā nayenā’’tiādi. Yathā paṭhamajjhānamūlakaṃ pathavīkasiṇādīsu jhānukkantikaṃ dassitaṃ, evaṃ dutiyajjhānādimūlakampi taṃ yathārahaṃ dassetabbaṃ.
“即彼”者,即唯初禅。于遍处转换中,以水遍等为基的修习,亦应依所述之理而行;同样,以第二禅等为基者,亦应随宜而行。
Tadevāti paṭhamajjhānameva. Kasiṇukkantikepi āpokasiṇādimūlikā yojanā vuttanayeneva kātabbā, tathā yathārahaṃ dutiyajjhānādimūlikā.
“从红遍入无所有处”者:作意红遍,令其现前,通过揭除该遍而现起遍揭除虚空,对此不作意而入空无边处定,即于彼处,以先前所起识之灭为所缘,进入无所有处。
Lohitakasiṇato ākiñcaññāyatananti lohitakasiṇaṃ āvajjento abhimukhaṃ katvā tassa ugghāṭanena upaṭṭhite kasiṇugghāṭimākāse amanasikārena ākāsānañcāyatanajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tattha pubbe pavattaviññāṇassa apagamaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati.
“其余”者,指剩余的色界禅。因为无色界禅中没有支的转换,它们亦不依地遍而转起。然而,在关于所缘转换的说法中,如“揭开青遍后入空无边处”等,应知那是依所得而说,或是权宜之说。若依了义说,则如同支的转换仅存在于色界禅中,所缘的转换亦仅存在于无色界禅中。因为同一禅那转起于其他所缘,即名为所缘转换。因此说:“于一切遍中,唯入一种禅那,名为所缘转换。”
Itaresanti avasiṭṭharūpāvacarajjhānānaṃ. Na hi arūpajjhānesu aṅgasaṅkanti atthi, nāpi tāni pathavīkasiṇe pavattanti. Yaṃ pana aṅgārammaṇasaṅkantivacane ‘‘nīlakasiṇaṃ ugghāṭetvā ākāsānañcāyatana’’ntiādi vuttaṃ, taṃ yathālābhavasena vuttaṃ, pariyāyena vāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nippariyāyato pana yathā aṅgasaṅkanti rūpajjhānesu eva labbhati, evaṃ arūpajjhānesu eva ārammaṇasaṅkanti. Tassa tasseva hi jhānassa ārammaṇantare pavatti ārammaṇasaṅkanti. Tenāha ‘‘sabbakasiṇesu ekasseva jhānassa samāpajjanaṃ ārammaṇasaṅkantikaṃ nāmā’’ti.
然而,正如不能因为这里仅证得八遍,便说“于一切遍中”亦包含空遍与识遍;同样,也不能因希望以八等至调伏心,就将一切无色界禅都说为“一种禅那”。因此应知,依无色界禅而说的支与所缘转换,乃是权宜之说。例如,在揭开黄遍的虚空中,生起初无色识,以其为所缘而入识无边处,对此便说:“从黄遍入识无边处”。依此类推,其余二者也应了知。所谓“间隔一的方式”:此处“antara”一词另有一义。中间本身为“antarika”,而以同一中间为特征者,即是“ekantarika”,即依禅那入定的方式。如同诸支与所缘在同一处有差别变化一般,依入定方式亦然。而此种差别,乃因超越了较低的支与所缘而产生,故说“以间隔一的方式,支与所缘的转换”。当以“此禅有五支”等确立诸支,以“这是地遍”等确立诸所缘时,在同一处安立它们并无差别,因此在注释书中未提及此法。如此,在跳禅等中,虽可依逆序、顺逆序及间隔一的方式获得禅那等跳跃,但并未被举出,因为即使没有那些方法,调伏心也能成就,或者为避免繁冗。
Yathā pana ‘‘sabbakasiṇesū’’ti iminā ākāsaviññāṇakasiṇānampi saṅgaho hotīti na sakkā vattuṃ idha aṭṭhannaṃyeva kasiṇānaṃ adhigatattā, evaṃ sabbampi arūpajjhānaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ jhāna’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ vasena cittaparidamanassa icchitattā. Tasmā āruppajjhānānaṃ vasena aṅgārammaṇasaṅkanti pariyāyena vuttāti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi pītakasiṇugghāṭimākāse yaṃ paṭhamāruppaviññāṇaṃ, tadārammaṇaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘pītakasiṇato viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajjitvā’’ti. Iminā nayena sesadvayepi attho veditabbo. Ekantarikavasenāti aññattho antara-saddo. Antarameva antarikaṃ, ekajjhaṃ antarikaṃ etasminti ekantarikaṃ, jhānasamāpajjanaṃ, tassa vasena. Yathā aṅgānaṃ, ārammaṇassa ca ekajjhaṃ aññathā viseso hoti, tathā samāpajjanavasenāti. So pana viseso heṭṭhimānaṃ tesaṃ aṅgārammaṇānaṃ samatikkamanavasena hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ekantarikavasena aṅgānañca ārammaṇānañca saṅkamana’’nti. ‘‘Idaṃ jhānaṃ pañcaṅgika’’ntiādinā aṅgesu, ‘‘idaṃ pathavīkasiṇa’’ntiādinā ārammaṇesu ca vavatthāpitesu ekajjhaṃ tesaṃ vavatthāpane na koci viseso atthīti aṭṭhakathāsu ayaṃ vidhi nābhato. Evañca katvā jhānukkantikādīsu paṭilomakkamena, anulomapaṭilomakkamena ca ekantarikabhāvena labbhamānampi jhānādīnaṃ ukkamanaṃ na uddhaṭaṃ, tehi nayehi vināpi cittaparidamanaṃ ijjhatīti papañcaparihāratthaṃ vā te aṭṭhakathāsu anāgatāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
367367.“未修习者”指在禅那与神通方面未作加行之人。对此,有些人说是指缺乏亲依止缘者。最初的瑜伽业处称为“初业”,拥有此者为“初业者”,即以往未熟练而正致力于修习者。因此说“瑜伽行者”。即使是遍作遍,也是负担:这是说,依去除过失等方法,在遍的圆相上修习,直至生起取相,此遍作遍尚且名为负担,何况神变呢?这是其意旨。“生起相”指生起似相。“增长彼”指增长那似相与修习。因为没有修习,单独增长相是不可能的。有些人获得了近行定,却不能证得安止定,这样的人也很多,因此说“证得安止是负担”。或者,“证得安止”是指证得八等至。等至的亲依止缘是一种,神通的亲依止缘是另一种,因此说“即使已调伏心者,神变也名为负担”。“速察”指以禅眼迅速观察地遍等禅那所缘,拥有此者为“速察者”,即能极速入禅者,其状态为“速察状态”。长老芒果园,是摩诃玛欣德长老等所降临之处,如同芒果幼树所积聚。为了显示:犹如战士为了克敌,只携带洁净的刀矛等而行,比丘为了战胜烦恼,也应只运用洁净的禅那与神通,因此说“所以”等。
367.Abhāvitabhāvano jhānābhiññāsu akatādhikāro. Tattha upanissayarahitopīti keci. Ādibhūtaṃ yogakammaṃ ādikammaṃ, taṃ etassa atthīti ādikammiko, pubbe akataparicayo bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjanto. Tenāha ‘‘yogāvacaro’’ti. Kasiṇaparikammampi bhāroti dosavivajjanādividhinā kasiṇamaṇḍale paṭipatti yāva uggahanimittuppatti kasiṇaparikammaṃ, tampi nāma bhāro, pageva iddhivikubbanāti adhippāyo. Nimittuppādananti paṭibhāganimittuppādanaṃ . Taṃ vaḍḍhetvāti taṃ nimittaṃ, bhāvanañca vaḍḍhetvā. Na hi bhāvanāya vināva nimittavaḍḍhanaṃ labbhati. Keci upacārasamādhiṃ labhitvā appanāsamādhiṃ adhigantuṃ na sakkonti, tādisāpi bahū hontevāti āha ‘‘appanādhigamo bhāro’’ti. Appanādhigamoti vā aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ adhigamamāha. Aññova samāpattīnaṃ upanissayo , añño abhiññānanti āha ‘‘paridamitacittassāpi iddhivikubbanaṃ nāma bhāro’’ti. Khippaṃ nisanti nisāmanaṃ jhānacakkhunā pathavīkasiṇādijhānārammaṇassa dassanaṃ etassāti khippanisanti, sīghataraṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitā, tassa bhāvo khippanisantibhāvo. Ambatarunicitaṃ mahāmahindattherādīhi otiṇṇaṭṭhānaṃ therambatthalaṃ. Yathā paṭipakkhavijayāya yodhājīvā nimmalameva asitomarādiṃ gahetvā vicaranti, evaṃ bhikkhunāpi kilesavijayāya nimmalāva jhānābhiññā vaḷañjitabbāti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tasmā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
“无立足处”在此是指平息他人的灾祸。比起速察状态,它更为沉重,因为必须作为紧急事务来完成,故更难达成。然而,即便以护戒长老的例证已然成立,为了以更沉重的火雨庇护来作阐明,他说:“在山货车供养时……像长老那样”。所谓“山货车供养”,是指以塔山等为中心,在全岛及海中,乃至一由旬之远,举行的大灯供养。“化现大地后”:指魔王所降的火雨,即使细微如火星,也不及人身,便在空中化现出大地。
Patiṭṭhābhāvoti idha parassa upaddavūpasamanaṃ adhippetaṃ. Taṃ hi khippanisantibhāvatopi garutaraṃ accāyikakiccasādhanavasena vidhātabbato durabhisambhavatarattā. Taṃ pana rakkhitattheranidassaneneva siddhampi tato garutarena aṅgāravassaparittāṇena vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjāya…pe… thero viyā’’ti āha. Giribhaṇḍavāhanapūjā nāma cetiyagirimādiṃ katvā sakaladīpe, samudde ca yāva yojanā mahatī dīpapūjā. Pathaviṃ māpetvāti mārena pavattitaṃ aṅgāravassaṃ phuliṅgamattenapi yāva manusse na pāpuṇāti, tāvadeva ākāse pathaviṃ nimminitvā.
“Balavapubbayogānaṃ”的意思是:以重业为依止的、作为神通等之因的大愿。 “Aggasāvakādīnaṃ”——以“ādi”(等)一词,摄受部分大弟子。 “Bhāvanānukkamo”即如前所说的调御心。 “Paṭisambhidādīti”——以“ādi”一词,应知也包含了处非处智等,而非仅指其余神通。因为即使声闻,处非处智等也部分地成就。 “Tasmā”是因为:神通唯依前因具足者,如前述不依修习次第而成就,非依其他人,因此。 “Aggidhamanādīhīti”指以火煅烧、捶打等。 “Yathā cāti”——以“ca”一词,也包含了虫胶工等的捶打虫胶等未说之事。 “Chanda…pe… vasenāti”:以“若有欲者神通成就,我亦成就”这样的欲求之欲为首、为重、为最、为先导,或生起欲后,以其为修行之面而进入禅定。此理于其余亦同。 “Āvajjanādivasībhāvavasenāti”是就八等至中,令自在转更增上而言。而那又是依初学者而说,非依已作准备者,故说“pubbahetu…pe… vaṭṭatī”。意思是:具前因者,以某禅为近行而应引发神通,即于彼禅中亦应期望有增上的惯习自在,而非于一切处。由于有“仅于第四禅有惯习自在者”之说,他们说即使没有无色等至,神通也能成就。那如果是就具前因者而说,则合理;若是就其他人,则只是他们的意见。 “Yathāti”指以何种方式、何种方法。 “Etthāti”指在此神通成就中。
Balavapubbayogānanti garutarūpanissayānaṃ, iddhividhādīnaṃ hetubhūtamahābhinīhārānanti attho. Aggasāvakādīnanti ādi-saddena ekacce mahāsāvake saṅgaṇhāti. Bhāvanānukkamo yathāvuttaṃ cittaparidamanaṃ. Paṭisambhidādīti ādi-saddena ṭhānāṭhānañāṇādīnampi saṅgaho veditabbo, na sesābhiññānameva. Sāvakānampi hi ṭhānāṭhānañāṇādīni padesavasena ijjhanti. Tasmāti yasmā pubbahetusampannasseva yathāvuttaṃ bhāvanānukkamaṃ vinā abhiññāyo ijjhanti, na itarassa, tasmā. Aggidhamanādīhīti aggimhi tāpanakoṭṭanādīhi. Yathā cāti ca-saddena lākhākārādīnaṃ lākhākoṭṭanādiṃ avuttampi saṅgaṇhāti. Chanda…pe… vasenāti ‘‘chandavato ce abhiññā sijjhati, mayhampi sijjhatī’’ti kattukamyatāchandaṃ sīsaṃ dhuraṃ jeṭṭhaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā, chandaṃ vā uppādetvā taṃ bhāvanāya mukhaṃ katvā jhānassa samāpajjanavasena. Eseva nayo sesesupi. ‘‘Āvajjanādivasībhāvavasenā’’ti idaṃ aṭṭhasupi samāpattīsu sātisayaṃ vasībhāvāpādanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tañca kho ādikammikavasena, na katādhikāravasenāti āha ‘‘pubbahetu…pe… vaṭṭatī’’ti. Pubbahetusampannassa hi yaṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā abhiññā nibbattetabbā, tattheva sātisayaṃ ciṇṇavasitāpi icchitabbā, na sabbatthevāti adhippāyo. ‘‘Catutthajjhānamatte ciṇṇavasinā’’ti vacanato arūpasamāpattiyo vināpi abhiññā ijjhantīti vadanti. Tampi yadi pubbahetusampannassa vasena vuttaṃ, yuttameva. Athetarassa, tesaṃ matimattaṃ. Yathāti yena pakārena yena vidhinā. Etthāti etasmiṃ iddhividhanipphādane.
368“Tatrāti”即回顾那本身。 “Pāḷinayānusārenevāti”即随顺圣典的理趣,意思是随顺读诵注释的次第。 因为说了“成就第四禅而住”之后又说“他”,故说“已证得第四禅的瑜伽行者”。 “Evaṃ samāhite”中,“evaṃ”一词是标示由次第证得下三禅而成就的第四禅之等持,故说“evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ”——这是第四禅及其证得次第的标示。意思是:由何等等持次第而获得第四禅定,即标示此两者。因此说“iminā…pe… vuttaṃ hotī”。虽然“evaṃ”也显示与近行定一起的第四禅等持,但念清净定才是神通的基础,故说“以第四禅定等持”。 “Upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvenāti”即由舍所生的念清净之存在。因为第四禅以舍与念清净而转起,此舍于对立法平息时亦无功用,其相应法极清净、极明净,而于彼处以念为首而说法,故说“由舍念清净而清净”。 由清净本身,依缘的差别而有转起的差别,即遍净,犹如精炼黄金因打磨而发光,故说“由清净故遍净、光耀,这是所说的意思”。
368.Tatrāti ca tadeva paccāmasati. Pāḷinayānusārenevāti pāḷigatiyā anusaraṇeneva, pāṭhasaṃvaṇṇanānukkamenevāti attho. ‘‘Catutthajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’ti vatvā ‘‘so’’ti vuttattā āha ‘‘adhigatacatutthajjhāno yogī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ samāhite’’ti ettha evaṃ-saddo heṭṭhājhānattayādhigamapaṭipāṭisiddhassa catutthajjhānasamādhānassa nidassanatthoti āha ‘‘evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanameta’’nti, catutthajjhānassa, tassa ca adhigamakkamassa nidassanaṃ. Yena samādhānānukkamena catutthajjhānasamādhi laddho, tadubhayanidassananti attho. Tenāha ‘‘iminā…pe… vuttaṃ hotī’’ti. Yadipi ‘‘eva’’nti idaṃ āgamanasamādhinā saddhiṃ catutthajjhānasamādhānaṃ dīpeti. Satipārisuddhisamādhi eva pana iddhiyā adhiṭṭhānabhāvato padhānanti āha ‘‘catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite’’ti. Upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvenāti upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhisabbhāvena. Sabbapaccanīkadhammūpakkilesaparisuddhāya hi paccanīkasamanepi abyāvaṭāya pārisuddhiupekkhāya vattamānāya catutthajjhānaṃ, taṃsampayuttadhammā ca suparisuddhā, suvisadā ca honti, satisīsena pana tattha desanā katāti āha ‘‘upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe’’ti. Parisuddhiyā eva paccayavisesena pavattiviseso pariyodātatā sudhantasuvaṇṇassa nighaṃsanena pabhassaratā viyāti āha ‘‘parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte, pabhassareti vuttaṃ hotī’’ti.
“Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātenāti”:以镇伏乐与喜、苦与忧这些依次为贪与嗔之缘的缘。因为曾说过:“乐是喜的缘,喜是贪的缘,苦是忧的缘”。 正如贪等由于心的垢秽不净而被称作“污点”,同样,由于接近而染污之义,称为随烦恼,故说“因无污点故无随烦恼”。 因此说“因为以污点,彼心被染污”,意思是:被逼恼、被热恼。 “Subhāvitattāti”:由令熟练而善修习。因此说“达到自在转”,意思是:由转向等五种,或由十四种调御,达到自在。 因为随自在转的心,由获得熟练而如被善揉的皮革,如被善加工的虫胶,被称为柔软。 “Kammakkhameti”:堪能于变化等神通业。 “Tañca ubhayanti”:即柔软与堪能二者。
Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātenāti sukhasomanassānaṃ, dukkhadomanassānañca yathākkamaṃ rāgadosapaccayānaṃ vikkhambhanena. ‘‘Sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa, dukkhaṃ domanassassā’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Yathā rāgādayo cetaso malāsucibhāvena ‘‘aṅgaṇānī’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ upagantvā kilesanaṭṭhena upakkilesāti āha ‘‘anaṅgaṇattāyeva vigatūpakkilese’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘aṅgaṇena hi taṃ cittaṃ upakkilissatī’’ti, vibādhīyati upatāpīyatīti attho. Subhāvitattāti paguṇabhāvāpādanena suṭṭhu bhāvitattā. Tenāha ‘‘vasībhāvappatte’’ti, āvajjanādinā pañcadhā, cuddasavidhena vā paridamanena vasavattitaṃ upagateti attho. Vase vattamānaṃ hi cittaṃ paguṇabhāvāpattiyā suparimadditaṃ viya cammaṃ, suparikammakatā viya ca lākhā mudunti vuccati. Kammakkhameti vikubbanādiiddhikammakkhame. Tañca ubhayanti mudutākammaniyadvayaṃ.
“Nāhaṃ”等语中的“na”是否定词;“ahaṃ”是导师自称;“bhikkhave”是呼告比丘们;“aññaṃ”指与现在所说的心不同的其他法;“ekadhammampi”:我未见乃至一个自性法——如此连结。此处义为:比丘们,我以一切知智观察,也未能见到其他任何一法,能如这心——由修习而令得自在,由反复行持而多作,由达至殊胜柔软而柔软,由堪任业处而堪能。因自他皆可现见,故如此说。如上所说的清净等不离去,这样的心即是善修习的。
Nāhantiādīsu na-kāro paṭisedhattho. Ahanti satthā attānaṃ niddisati. Bhikkhaveti bhikkhū ālapati. Aññanti idāni vuccamānacittato aññaṃ. Ekadhammampīti ekampi sabhāvadhammaṃ na samanupassāmīti sambandho. Ayaṃ hettha attho – ahaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbaññutaññāṇena olokentopi aññaṃ ekadhammampi na samanupassāmi. Yaṃ vasībhāvāpādanena bhāvitaṃ, tathā punappunaṃ karaṇena bahulīkataṃ, evaṃ savisesamudubhāvappattiyā muduṃ, kammakkhamatāya kammaniyañca hoti. Yathayidaṃ cittanti attano, tesañca paccakkhatāya evamāhāti. Yathā yathāvuttā parisuddhatādayo na vigacchanti, evaṃ subhāvitaṃ cittaṃ.
在此,“住立”即指“安住”与“达到不动”。因为安住于这些清净等之中,故说“住立”;正因为安住,所以“达到不动”。正如柔软适业性以得自在为特征,同样,得自在也以柔软适业性为特征;或者,因为以柔软适业性而安住于自己的掌控中,故说为“住立”。正如由因可推知果,由果也可推知因,所以以不动摇的性质而安住,即是达到不动。而这达到不动,是由相应法的坚固性、不为敌对法所动摇而生起,依于信等诸力的威德而有。故为阐明略说的“由信等所摄持,达到不动”之义,而说“因为由信所摄持……”等。其中,“由信所摄持”指:如此善修习、达至自在的心,必定能导向对诸应证知之法的证知——由如此生起的信所摄持,即由如上所说的信力支持。“由不信”指:以彼对立的不信为因,而不动摇、不摇动、不震动,反而唯以向上殊胜之性而安住。“由精进所摄持”等,亦应以此方式解其义。然而,此中有差别:“由精进所摄持”指,由能成办自在与调伏的精进所支持。“由念所摄持”指,由在如上所述修习多作中成就不忘失,以及审察诸善法之趣向的念所支持。
Tattha avaṭṭhitaṃ idha ‘‘ṭhitaṃ, āneñjappatta’’nti ca vuttanti āha ‘‘etesu parisuddhatādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite, ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte’’ti. Yathā mudukammaññatā vasībhāvappattiyā lakkhīyanti, evaṃ vasībhāvappattipi mudukammaññatāhi lakkhīyatīti, mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ‘‘ṭhite’’ti vuttaṃ. Yathā hi kāraṇena phalaṃ niddharīyati, evaṃ phalenāpi kāraṇaṃ niddharīyatīti niccalabhāvena avaṭṭhānaṃ āneñjappatti. Sā ca sampayuttadhammesu thirabhāvena, paṭipakkhehi akammaniyatāya ca sambhavantī saddhādibalānaṃ ānubhāvena hotīti ‘‘saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte’’ti saṅkhepato vuttamatthaṃ vivarituṃ ‘‘saddhāpariggahitaṃ hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha saddhāpariggahitanti evaṃ subhāvitaṃ vasībhāvappattaṃ etaṃ cittaṃ ekaṃsena abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya saṃvattatīti evaṃ pavattāya saddhāya pariggahitaṃ yathāvuttasaddhābalena upatthambhitaṃ. Assaddhiyenāti tappaṭipakkhena assaddhiyena hetunā na iñjati na calati na kampati, aññadatthu upari visesāvahabhāveneva tiṭṭhati. Vīriyapariggahitantiādīsupi iminā nayena attho veditabbo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – vīriyapariggahitanti vasībhāvāpādanaparidamanasādhanena vīriyena upatthambhitaṃ. Satipariggahitanti yathāvutte bhāvanābahulīkāre asammosasādhikāya, kusalānañca dhammānaṃ gatiyo samannesamānāya satiyā upatthambhitaṃ. Samādhipariggahitanti tattheva avikkhepasādhanena samādhānena upatthambhitaṃ. Paññāpariggahitanti tassā eva bhāvanāya upakārānupakāradhammānaṃ pajānanalakkhaṇāya paññāya upatthambhitaṃ. Obhāsagatanti ñāṇobhāsasahagataṃ. Obhāsabhūtena hi yathāvuttasamādhānasaṃvaddhitena ñāṇena saṃkilesapakkhaṃ yāthāvato passanto tato utrasanto ottappanto taṃ adhibhavati, na tena abhibhūyati. Tenāha ‘‘kilesandhakārena na iñjatī’’ti. Etena ñāṇapariggahitaṃ hirottappabalaṃ dasseti.
“具足八支”:由第四禅定而得等持、清净、洁白、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、安住不动;或者,对于等持之心,不将“等持”作为一支,而将“安住”与“达到不动”别别择出,以此八支而具足。“堪能引发”:堪能引发神通等义,即适合朝向彼而行。因此说“为证知诸应证知之法”。
Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatanti catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhitatā, parisuddhatā, pariyodātatā, anaṅgaṇatā, vigatūpakkilesatā, mudubhāvo, kammaniyatā, āneñjappattiyā ṭhitatā, samāhitassa vā cittassa imāni aṅgānīti ‘‘samāhite’’ti imaṃ aṅgabhāvena aggahetvā ṭhitiāneñjappattiyo visuṃ gahetvā imehi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ. Abhinīhārakkhamanti iddhividhādiatthaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ tadabhimukhaṃ karaṇayoggaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāyā’’ti.
固然,初禅的证得是在镇伏诸盖之后,而第二禅等的证得是在寻等寂止之后,然而,它们并不像第四禅那样,已远离或脱离那些(盖等)。由于从被称为心之秽污状态、能生掉举的盖等中善解脱,故其清净与洁白是合理的,因此说“盖……清净”。所谓“禅那获得之缘”,是指以禅那的获得为因、依止禅那的获得而生起的。所谓“恶”,指低劣的。所谓“欲行”,指行于欲、陷于欲而生起的,例如以“啊,但愿导师只问我之后,再为比丘们说法”等方式所生起的慢、谄、诳等。所谓“贪欲等”,以“等”字即摄尽这些。此处的贪欲,应视为并非由初禅所镇伏,而慢等则与它共处一处,因为随顺“禅那获得之缘”一语。然而,可被镇伏的(盖等)已由“盖”一词所摄,那么,那些并非由初禅所镇伏的,在此如何离去了呢?答:依“一切善法是一切不善法的对治”的头陀行实践,为显示禅那不被执取的状态而如此说。然而,有些人认为,此中“欲行、贪欲等”这些词,已经摄取了忿、嫌恨、欲贪、瞋恚等,基于此意,他们排斥“禅那获得之缘”的读法,而主张“禅那获得之敌对”的读法,但这只是他们自己的想法,因为根本没有那样的读法。而
Kāmaṃ nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhetvā eva paṭhamajjhānasamadhigamo, vitakkādike vūpasame eva ca dutiyajjhānādisamadhigamo, tathāpi na tathā tehi dūrībhūtā apetā vā yathā catutthajjhānato, cetaso malīnabhāvasaṅkhātauppilābhogakarehi nīvaraṇādīhi suṭṭhu vimuttiyā tassa parisuddhi, pariyodātatā ca yuttāti āha ‘‘nīvaraṇa…pe… pariyodāte’’ti. Jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānanti jhānapaṭilābhahetukānaṃ jhānapaṭilābhaṃ nissāya uppajjanakānaṃ. Pāpakānanti lāmakānaṃ. Icchāvacarānanti icchāya avacarānaṃ icchāvasena otiṇṇānaṃ ‘‘aho vata mameva satthā paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ deseyyā’’tiādinayappavattānaṃ mānamāyāsāṭheyyādīnaṃ. Abhijjhādīnanti ādi-saddenāpi tesaṃyeva saṅgaho. Abhijjhā cettha paṭhamajjhānena avikkhambhaneyyā, mānādayo ca tadekaṭṭhā daṭṭhabbā ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’’nti anuvattamānattā. Vikkhambhaneyyā pana nīvaraṇaggahaṇeneva gahitā, kathaṃ pana paṭhamajjhānena avikkhambhaneyyā idha vigacchantīti? ‘‘Sabbe kusalā dhammā sabbākusalānaṃ paṭipakkhā’’ti sallekhapaṭipattivasena evaṃ vuttaṃ jhānassa aparāmaṭṭhabhāvadassanato. Ye panettha ‘‘icchāvacarānaṃ abhijjhādīna’’nti imehi padehi kopaapaccayakaāmarāgabyāpādādayo gahitāti adhippāyena ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccayāna’’nti pāṭhaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkāna’’nti pāṭhoti vadanti, taṃ tesaṃ matimattaṃ tathā pāṭhasseva abhāvato. Jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkā ca nīvaraṇā ceva tadekaṭṭhā ca tesaṃ dūrībhāvaṃ vatvā puna abhāvavigamacodanāya ayujjamānattā. Nanu ca anaṅgaṇasutta- (ma. ni. 1.57 ādayo) vatthasuttesu (ma. ni. 1.70 ādayo) ayamattho na labbhati, oḷārikānaṃyeva pāpadhammānaṃ tattha adhippetattā? Saccametaṃ, idha pana adhigatacatutthajjhānassa vasena vuttattā sukhumāyeva te gahitā, aṅgaṇūpakkilesatāsāmaññena panettha suttānaṃ apadisanaṃ. Tathā hi ‘‘suttānusārenā’’ti vuttaṃ, na pana suttavasenāti. Avassaṃ ce tamevaṃ sampaṭicchitabbaṃ adhigatajjhānānampi kesañci icchāvacarānaṃ pavattisabbhāvato.
“依止神通之相”,是指通过成为神通的基础、作为近因的途径而达到。“修习圆满”,是指由于此后已无余事待修,能导向成就的修习已完全圆满。“达到殊胜状态”,是指由于由此被提升至精勤状态,故以最上之义及令不满足之义而达到殊胜状态。这两者都是对“安住”之因的说明,即藉由圆满修习达到殊胜状态而说“安住”。“达到不动”是对“安住”的限定。因此说“如同达到不动那样安住”。在此解释中,“安住”与“达到不动”二者合为一支,“等持”则为另一支。正因如此,为了显示与第一种解释的区别,才说“如此亦具足八支”。
Iddhipādabhāvūpagamenāti iddhiyā pādakabhāvassa padaṭṭhānabhāvassa upagamanena. Bhāvanāpāripūriyāti ito paraṃ kattabbassa abhāvavasena abhinīhārakkhamabhāvanāya paripuṇṇattā. Paṇītabhāvūpagamenāti tato eva padhānabhāvaṃ nītatāya uttamaṭṭhena, atittikaraṭṭhena ca paṇītabhāvassa upagamanena. Ubhayañcetaṃ ṭhitiyā kāraṇavacanaṃ paripuṇṇāya bhāvanāya paṇītabhāvappattiyā ‘‘ṭhite’’ti. ‘‘Āneñjappatte’’ti idaṃ ṭhitiyā visesanaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti, evaṃ ṭhite’’ti. Imasmiṃ pakkhe ‘‘ṭhite āneñjappatte’’ti ubhayamekaṃ aṅgaṃ, ‘‘samāhite’’ti pana idampi ekamaṅgaṃ. Tenevassa paṭhamavikappato visesaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgata’’nti.
十种神变论的注释
Dasaiddhikathāvaṇṇanā
369“成就之义”,即成功之义。“获得之义”,即达到之义。“彼”,指所欲之物。“成就”,即成功。从出家开始直至禅那与道,在此称为出离。“成就”,即被达到。“对治”,即神变,因为能除去、消除对立面,故为神变。能除去自己的对立面者,即是神变,如出离等;神变本身即是神变,如同“歪斜的、不平的”等说法。
369.Nipphattiatthenāti sijjhanaṭṭhena. Paṭilābhaṭṭhenāti pāpuṇanaṭṭhena. Tanti kāmitaṃ vatthuṃ. Samijjhatīti nipphajjati. Pabbajjaṃ ādiṃ katvā yāva jhānamaggā idha nekkhammaṃ. Ijjhatīti pāpuṇīyati. Paṭiharatīti pāṭihāriyanti yasmā paṭipakkhaṃ harati apaneti, tasmā pāṭihāriyaṃ. Attano paṭipakkhaṃ haratīti paṭihāriyaṃ, nekkhammādi, paṭihāriyameva pāṭihāriyaṃ, yathā ‘‘vekataṃ, vesama’’nti ca.
“成就义”即“成功”之义。“具足方便”指具足圆满的方便,意为如理精勤。“成就”即产生。“具戒者”指依戒行持而具戒者。“善法者”指以十善业道而具足善法者。或者,因戒成就而为具戒者,因布施等福德行事而为善法者。“将发愿”即希求。
Ijjhanaṭṭhenāti nipphajjanaṭṭhena. Upāyasampadāyāti sampannaupāyassa, ñāyārambhassāti attho. Ijjhatīti pasaveti. Sīlavāti ācārasīlena sīlavā. Kalyāṇadhammoti dasakusalakammapathavasena sundaradhammo. Sīlasampattiyā vā sīlavā. Dānādisesapuññakiriyavatthuvasena kalyāṇadhammo. Paṇidahissatīti patthessati.
“成就”即增长,意为达到最胜。“神通”一词正是在殊胜的成功、获得、成就、觉悟之义上说的。说“彼有十种”,是为了总摄一切神通,并以义摄的方式显示此处所指的神通。具有“多”等之决意、确立,故为“决意神通”。具有种种色身变化之造作,故为“变化神通”。由禅那心所生,故为“意所成神通”。具有智的遍满、震动,故为“智遍满神通”。圣者所有,故为“圣神通”。从某种业异熟所生的神通为“业异熟生神通”。由殊胜福德所生的神通为“有福者神通”。业异熟生神通从出生时就有,另一种则在福德感果之时才有,应如此了知它们的差别。由阿闼婆明所生的为“明所成神通”。正确的精勤、方便的精勤、如理的精勤。
Ijjhantīti vaḍḍhanti, ukkaṃsaṃ pāpuṇantīti attho. Sātisayanipphajjanapaṭilābhasijjhanabuddhiatthe hi iddhi vuttā. Sā dasavidhāti sabbā iddhiyo ānetvā atthuddhāravasena idhādhippetaṃ iddhiṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Bahubhāvādikassa adhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhahanaṃ etissā atthīti adhiṭṭhānā. Vividhaṃ rūpanimmānasaṅkhātaṃ kubbanaṃ etissā atthīti vikubbanā. Manomayāti jhānamanena nibbattibhāvato manomayā. Ñāṇassa vipphāro vegāyitattaṃ etissā atthīti ñāṇavipphārā. Ariyānaṃ ayanti ariyā. Yato kutoci kammavipākato jātā iddhi kammavipākajā. Sātisayapuññanibbattā iddhi puññavato iddhi. Kammavipākajā iddhi jātito paṭṭhāya hoti, itarā yadā tadā puññassa vipaccanakāleti evaṃ vā imāsaṃ viseso veditabbo. Āthabbanavijjābhinibbattā vijjāmayā. Sammāpayogo upāyapayogo ñāyārambho.
370“本性为一”即自性为一。“多”即众多。以此显示所决意之物没有定限的多种状态,再以定限显示,故说“百”等。“转向”指以称为“遍作”的方便将心转向,以此遍作意作意于应作之相。“以智决意”:在如此遍作之后,依神通智如其所愿而决意为多;与决意心一同便成就为多,因此说生起能成就“多”的神变智者即是如此决意。其余诸句亦同此理。“如是”为方式之义,以此含摄一切决意的方式。“依决意”即依“以智决意”等所说的决意而成就。
370.Pakatiyā ekoti sabhāvena eko. Bahukanti bahuṃ. Tena aggahitaparicchedaṃ adhiṭṭhātabbassa anekabhāvaṃ dassetvā puna paricchedato dassetuṃ ‘‘sataṃ vā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Āvajjatīti parikammasaṅkhātena ābhogena ābhujati bhāvirūpe tena parikammamanasikārena manasi karoti. Ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti tathā parikammaṃ katvā abhiññāñāṇena yathādhippete bahuke adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhānacittena saheva bahubhāvāpattito bahubhāvāpādakaṃ iddhividhañāṇaṃ pavattento ca tathā adhiṭṭhātīti vuccati. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Evanti pakārattho evaṃ-saddo, tena sabbampi adhiṭṭhānappakāraṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Adhiṭṭhānavasenāti ‘‘ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10) evaṃ vuttaadhiṭṭhānavasena nipphannattā.
371“本色”指本来的形态,即自己本来的色身。“依舍离本色而产生的变化”,是指依先舍离了自己的本色,之后所产生的童子色等色身变化之力。
371.Pakativaṇṇanti pakatisaṇṭhānaṃ attano pākatikarūpaṃ. Pakativaṇṇavijahanavikāravasenāti attano pakativaṇṇavijahanapubbakassa kumārakavaṇṇādivaṇṇavikārassa vasena.
372“从此身”是依现量而说“从此”的比丘业生身。“另一身”指另一神通所成之身。正因是神通所成之色身,故为“有色”;由神通心所生,故为“意所成”。“依成就”即依成功之义。神通智如何令意所成身成就,便如何生起意所成神通,其余诸句亦同此理。既然如此,为何唯有此身称为意所成神通?应知此为通称,如“意所成我体”,又如“牛”之共称亦可通于角等集合。或由体内而出且与具神通者全然相似,在此变化中,由意所生之相极为显著,故有殊胜的“意所成”之名,不像其他决意神通、变化神通等别有他称。
372.Imamhā kāyāti paccakkhabhāvena ‘‘imamhā’’ti vuttā bhikkhussa karajakāyā. Aññaṃ kāyanti aññaṃ iddhimayaṃ kāyaṃ. Tato eva iddhimayarūpavantatāya rūpiṃ. Abhiññāmanena nibbattattā manomayaṃ. Nipphattivasenāti nipphajjanavasena. Abhiññāñāṇassa hi yathā manomayo kāyo nipphajjati, tathā pavatti manomayiddhi. Eseva nayo sesesupi. Yadi evaṃ kathamayameva manomayiddhīti? Ruḷhīvesā veditabbā yathā ‘‘manomayo attabhāvo’’ti, yathā vā ‘‘gosamaññā visāṇādimati piṇḍe’’. Atha vā abbhantarato nikkhante, iddhimatā ca ekantasadise imasmiṃ nimmāne supākaṭo manasā nibbattitabhāvoti yathā sātisayo manomayavohāro, na tathā aññāsu adhiṭṭhānavikubbaniddhīsu samaññantaravantāsūti veditabbaṃ.
373“在智生起之前”是指在阿罗汉道智生起之前,即观禅的刹那,或更早,从最后生者结生识生起之时开始。“之后”则直到蕴般涅槃为止。“在那一刻”指道生起之时。“由智威力所生的殊胜”,如同太阳升起之处及普照四方的能力一样,正是由该智的威力所成就的、以所断之圆满断除与所修之圆满修习为内涵的殊胜。而“所依”则是以无间断的方式出现。“对无常的观照”是指对诸行作无常随观照的强大观智。对于已发勤观照者,在如前所述的观照进行之时,其前、其后,及至杂糅思惟的阶段,断除常想之义得以成就。此理于一切处皆同。仅此略说已可明了所期之义,但详说更为清晰,故说“应详细解说”。
373.Ñāṇuppattito pubbe vāti arahattamaggañāṇuppattito pubbe vā vipassanākkhaṇe, tatopi vā pubbe antimabhavikassa paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya. Pacchā vā yāva khandhaparinibbānā. Taṅkhaṇe vā magguppattisamaye. Ñāṇānubhāvanibbatto visesoti sūriyassa uṭṭhitaṭṭhāne, samantato ca ālokakaraṇasamatthatā viya tasseva ñāṇassa ānubhāvena nibbatto sabbaso pahātabbapahānabhāvetabbabhāvanāpāripūrisaṅkhāto viseso. Vatthūni pana anantarāyatāvasena āgatāni. Aniccānupassanāyāti saṅkhāre aniccato anupassantiyā balavavipassanāya. Āraddhavipassanassa hi yathāvuttavipassanāya pavattikkhaṇe tato pubbe, pacchā ca pakiṇṇakasammasanavāre niccasaññāya pahānaṭṭho ijjhati. Eseva nayo sabbattha. Kāmaṃ ettakāya saṅkhepakathāyapi adhippetattho pakāsitova , vitthārakathāya pana vibhūtataro hotīti āha ‘‘vitthārena kathetabba’’nti.
“如胎中者”是不敬格的属格形式。“依所说之理”是指依巴库拉长老故事中以“最后生者”等语所阐明的道理。
Gabbhagatassevāti anādare sāmivacanaṃ. Vuttanayenāti ‘‘pacchimabhavikassā’’tiādinā bākulattheravatthumhi vuttanayena.
“做成木担”指将木担装载于车上。“舍弃”即丢弃。“在车旁”即在车附近。“在凶暴夜叉所行之处”是指俱卢洲诸夜叉所当游行的处所。因为王舍城已被夜叉所占据。
Dārubhāraṃ katvāti dārubhāraṃ sakaṭe katvā, āropetvāti attho. Ossajjitvāti chaḍḍetvā. Sakaṭamūleti sakaṭasamīpe. Vāḷayakkhānucariteti kururehi yakkhehi anuvicaritabbe. Yakkhapariggahitañhi rājagahanagaraṃ.
374“从定”指从初禅等定。“之前”指近行定的刹那。“之后”指等至修习圆满之际。“在那一刻”指入定的刹那。“由止的威力所生之殊胜”,是指在种种禅那中,由定力所引生的殊胜,诸如镇伏诸盖、超越寻思等,以及承受想受灭尽之灾患等。
374.Samādhitoti paṭhamajjhānādisamādhito. Pubbeti upacārajjhānakkhaṇe. Pacchāti samāpattiyā ciṇṇapariyante. Taṅkhaṇeti samāpannakkhaṇe. Samathānubhāvanibbatto visesoti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ jhāne samādhitejena nibbatto nīvaraṇavikkhambhanavitakkādisamatikkamasaññāvedayitanirodhaparissayasahanādiko viseso.
“鸽踝窟”是指一处以此名称命名的森林寺院。“在月明的夜晚”是指在月光遍照的夜晚。“新剃的头发”是表示状态特征的具格用法。“那个”指打击。“那个”指夜叉。由于迅速平息的状态已达极致,长老在打击进行的当下便入了等至,故而说为“在打击之时入了等至”。然而巴利圣典中说:“他坐着入于某一定”(《优陀那》第34经)。但诸长老说,打击是在从等至出定的同时给予的。
Kapotakandarāyanti evaṃnāmake araññavihāre. Juṇhāya rattiyāti candālokavatiyā rattiyā. Navoropitehi kesehīti itthambhūtalakkhaṇe karaṇavacanaṃ. Yassāti pahārassa. Tassāti yakkhassa. Khippanisantibhāvassa ukkaṃsagatattā thero tasmiṃ paharante eva samāpattiṃ samāpajjīti āha ‘‘paharaṇasamaye samāpattiṃ appesī’’ti. Pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘nisinno hoti aññataraṃ samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā’’ti (udā. 34) vuttaṃ. Ime pana therā samāpattito vuṭṭhānasamakālaṃ tena pahāro dinnoti vadanti.
“生起长老”是就拘留孙世尊的第二位上首大弟子这位大长老而说。这位尊者无论在森林等任何地方坐下,都能毫不费力地入灭尽定。因此,有一天他在某棵树下入了灭尽定,对此而说“已入灭尽定”等语。当时衣服上连微尘般的火烧痕迹都没有,身体更不待言。正因如此,长老才以“生起”之名著称。“这是他的”是指这位尊者生起长老在灭尽定中不遭火患,这是定之异熟神通,如此连接。然而,在灭尽定中如何能有定之异熟呢?回答说:“由于次第……生起的缘故”。
Sañjīvattheranti kakusandhassa bhagavato dutiyaṃ aggasāvakaṃ mahātheraṃ sandhāyāha. So hi āyasmā araññādīsu yattha katthaci nisinno appakasireneva nirodhaṃ samāpajjati, tasmā ekadivasaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nirodhaṃ samāpajji, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘nirodhasamāpanna’’ntiādi. Cīvare aṃsumattampi na jhāyittha, sarīre kā kathā. Teneva hi thero ‘‘sañjīvo’’ tveva paññāyittha. Ayamassāti assa āyasmato sañjīvattherassa yo nirodhasamāpattiyaṃ aggiparissayābhāvo, ayaṃ samādhivipphārā iddhīti yojanā. Kathaṃ pana nirodhasamāpattiyaṃ samādhivipphārasambhavoti āha ‘‘anupubba…pe… nibbattattā’’ti.
“最先放置的物品”是指在一切物品中最先被放置的那一件。因为它在被取用时,是在最后才被取走的。“依时间限定”是指入定之前就作了“经过这么多时间后我将出定”这样的时间限定。“恐惧而哭喊”是指在黑夜中见到身形,便以为是“鬼起来了”。“被这么多物品所覆盖却无动于衷”,他们依对长老生起的净信而感叹:“啊,真是有大威力!啊,真是乐住于远离者!”
Paṭhamaṃ ṭhapitabhaṇḍakassāti sabbapaṭhamaṃ ṭhapitabhaṇḍakassa. Tañhi gahaṇakāle sabbapacchimaṃ gayhati. Kālaparicchedavasenāti ‘‘ettake kāle gate vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti samāpattito pubbe katakālaparicchedavasena. Bhītā viraviṃsūti rattandhakāre rūpadassanena ‘‘pisāco uṭṭhahatī’’ti maññamānā. Ettakehi nāma bhaṇḍakehi ajjhotthaṭo nibbikāro ‘‘aho mahānubhāvo, aho vivekavāsī’’ti ca theragatena pasādena.
“热油锅”是以容器代指所容之物,意指将锅中热油以锅泼洒。“翻滚”是说因无所附着而飞溅。
Tattatelakaṭāhanti ādhārasīsena ādheyyamāha, kaṭāhe tattatelaṃ kaṭāhena āsiñcīti adhippāyo. Vivaṭṭamānanti katthacipi alagganavasena bhassantaṃ.
“与随从一起”即与五百名侍女一同。“以慈心遍满国王”是说以限定对象的慈心等至触达国王。“射”即射击。“收回”是指收回弓矢装备。
Saparivārāti pañcahi itthisatehi saparivārā. Rājānaṃ mettāya pharīti odissakamettāsamāpattiyā rājānaṃ phusi. Khipitunti vijjhituṃ. Oropetunti sarasannāhaṃ paṭisaṃharituṃ.
375“于可厌等”是指在不可意等之中。因为不可意的即是可厌的,不可喜的也称为“可厌”。以“等”字包含了不可厌等。在那里,即是以可厌为所缘时。“舍者”是指以六支舍而住于舍者。在那里,是指在可厌与不可厌的种种事中。“具念者”是因念达至圆满而具念。“正知者”是因慧达至圆满而正知而行。“此”即于可厌等事中住于不可厌想等,乃是漏尽者证得最上道所成就的心自在。因此说:“对于心得自在者……称为”。
375.Paṭikkūlādīsūti aniṭṭhādīsu. Aniṭṭhaṃ hi paṭikkūlaṃ, amanuññampi ‘‘paṭikkūla’’nti vuccati. Ādi-saddena apaṭikkūlādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tatthāti paṭikkūlārammaṇe. Upekkhakoti chaḷaṅgupekkhāya upekkhako. Tatthāti paṭikkūlāpaṭikkūlabhede vatthusmiṃ. Satoti sativepullappattiyā satimā. Sampajānoti paññāvepullappattiyā sampajānakārī. Ayanti ayaṃ paṭikkūlādivatthūsu apaṭikkūlasaññīvihārādikā khīṇāsavānaṃ aggamaggādhigamasiddhā cittissariyatā. Tenāha ‘‘cetovasippattānaṃ…pe… vuccatī’’ti.
对于名为众生的不可意境,应理解为修习慈心遍满,或以界作意观察诸界,或对粪便等作界作意。“住于不厌恶想”:因怀有利益之心及思维法性,不以厌恶想而于威仪路中安住。对于可意境,如亲属朋友等,[应理解为]“仅是发等不净部分”,即修习不净遍满或不净作意。其中,“iti”一词意为“如是”,即“那里的色法之聚是无常的”等义,因此应理解为作意“无常、苦、无我、变坏法”。“于厌恶与不厌恶”:是将可意与不可意境合在一起说。其余处亦同此理。或者,对于众生,先以厌恶呈现,后以不厌恶呈现;或先以不厌恶呈现,后以厌恶呈现。对此二者,漏尽者若愿意,可按所说方式,或住于不厌恶想,或住于厌恶想。此称为圣神通。
Aniṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ sattasaññite mettāpharaṇaṃ vā dhātuso paccavekkhaṇāya dhātumanasikāraṃ vā gūthādike dhātumanasikāraṃ karontoti yojetabbaṃ. Apaṭikkūlasaññī viharatīti hitesitāya, dhammasabhāvacintanāya ca na paṭikkūlasaññī hutvā iriyāpathavihārena viharati. Iṭṭhe vatthusmiṃ ñātimittādike. Kesādiasucikoṭṭhāsamattamevāti asubhapharaṇaṃ vā asubhamanasikāraṃ vā. Tattha rūpadhammajātaṃ aniccanti ādiattho iti-saddo, tasmā aniccadukkhānattavipariṇāmadhammoti manasikāraṃ vā karontoti yojanā. Paṭikkūlāpaṭikkūlesūti iṭṭhāniṭṭhāni vatthūni ekajjhaṃ gahetvā vadati. Esa nayo itarattha. Yaṃ vā sattānaṃ paṭhamaṃ paṭikkūlato upaṭṭhitameva pacchā apaṭikkūlato upatiṭṭhati, yañca apaṭikkūlato upaṭṭhitameva pacchā paṭikkūlato upatiṭṭhati, tadubhayepi khīṇāsavo sace ākaṅkhati, vuttanayena apaṭikkūlasaññī vā vihareyya, paṭikkūlasaññī vāti ayamariyiddhi vuttā.
“以眼见色”:指以因“眼”而得名、能成就见色功能的眼识见色,或以作为因的眼、作为门的眼见色。“不喜”:这是对世俗所依之喜的否定,并非对出离相应的唯作喜受的否定。“六支舍”:指在可意与不可意的六所缘境现前时,以不失清净本性为相、于六门中生起的舍,名为“六支舍”,即中舍性。为以经文证成所述之义,故引《无碍解道》等语。
Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvāti kāraṇavasena ‘‘cakkhū’’ti laddhavohārena rūpadassanasamatthena cakkhuviññāṇena, cakkhunā vā kāraṇabhūtena, dvārabhūtena vā rūpaṃ passitvā. Neva sumano hotīti gehassitasomanassassāyaṃ paṭikkhepo, na nekkhammapakkhikāya kiriyāsomanassavedanāya. Chaḷaṅgupekkhanti iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhapakatibhāvāvijahanalakkhaṇaṃ chasu dvāresu pavattiyā ‘‘chaḷaṅgupekkhā’’ti laddhanāmaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhaṃ. Yathāvuttamatthaṃ pāḷiyā samatthetuṃ ‘‘paṭisambhidāya’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.
376“鸟等”:此“等”字含摄诸天等。“空中飞行等”:此“等”字含摄天眼清净等。“堕处者”:他们虽由善业投生,然因不善异熟之力而从快乐聚集之处堕落,故名堕处者。“禅那”:指已证得神通的禅那。“或观”:指达到极致、伴有悚惧喜的观,此亦能令人腾空,故说“或观”。“初劫之人”:应视为“某些人”的定语。“如是等”:此“等”字含摄再化生母等,当如此理解。
376.Pakkhīādīnanti ādi-saddena devādīnaṃ saṅgaho. Vehāsagamanādikāti pana ādi-saddena cakkhuvisuddhiādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Kusalakammena nibbattitvāpi akusalavipākānubhāvena sukhasamussayato vinipatitattā vinipātikānaṃ. Jhānanti abhiññāpattaṃ jhānaṃ sandhāyāha. Vipassanāpi ukkaṃsagatā ubbegapītisahitā ākāse laṅghāpanamattāpi hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘vipassanaṃ vā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭhamakappikāna’’nti idaṃ ‘‘ekaccānaṃ manussāna’’nti imassa visesanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evamādīnanti ādi-saddena punabbasumātādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo.
377‘空中’:此处依格转为对格,或表密切相续。转轮王以轮宝为前导,从自宫殿升腾,即于空中右绕须弥山,巡行整个轮围。‘马护’:即牧马人,喂马者。‘牛护’亦然。
377.Vehāsanti bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ, accantasaṃyoge vā. Cakkavattī hi cakkaratanaṃ purakkhatvā attano bhavanato abbhuggantvā ākāseneva sineruṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā sakalacakkavāḷaṃ anusaṃyāyatīti. Assabandhāti assapālā, ye assānaṃ yavadāyakā. Tathā gobandhā.
若详述转轮王等的福德神通,则过于冗繁,故以相状显示具福者的神通。说‘当福资粮成熟时,成就之殊胜’之后,为略示乔提迦等的福德神通,而说‘此处’等。其中,‘金山’:纯金所成之山。据说,凡所取之处,其界限不显现。‘一犁左右’:此‘犁’指因耕作而犁所经之道。‘敦巴’:指一阿罗迦量。‘十四道’:即十四犁道。
Cakkavattiādīnaṃ puññiddhiyā vitthāriyamānāya atipapañco hotīti puññavato iddhiṃ lakkhaṇato dassentena ‘‘paripākaṃ gate puññasambhāre ijjhanakaviseso’’ti vatvāpi jotikādīnaṃ puññiddhiṃ ekadesena dassetuṃ ‘‘ettha cā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha suvaṇṇapabbatoti sabbasuvaṇṇamayo pabbato. Tassa kira gahitagahitaṭṭhāne odhi na paññāyati. Ekasītāmatteti ettha sītā nāma kasanavasena naṅgalassa gatamaggo. Tumbaṃ nāma āḷhakaṃ. Cuddasa maggāti catuddasa kasanamaggā.
378‘掌握明咒后’:即将犍陀罗明咒等作为自己的明咒,转为近行之后,依诵咒的次第而诵持。
378.Vijjaṃ parijapitvāti gandhārīvijjādikaṃ attano vijjaṃ katūpacāraṃ parivattetvā mantapaṭhanakkamena paṭhitvā.
379'以正方便':即通过方便与努力,为成就所欲达成的义利,如理发起业行。'彼彼业':指所欲成就的种种业。'此处':即'于处处以正方便为缘,以成就义而称为神通'(《无碍解道》3.18)——此第十神通的解释中。'与前文相似':谓与定遍满神通等的解释相似。'以作车阵等故':是指以安排车阵、轮阵、莲阵等而产生的殊异,如此连接。'算数、音乐等':为技艺之业。'箭医等':为医业。'三吠陀':即《梨俱吠陀》、《夜柔吠陀》、《娑摩吠陀》。
379.Sammāpayogenāti upāyapayogena, yathā yathicchitatthasiddhi hoti, tathā pavattitañāyārambhena. Tassa tassa kammassāti yathādhippetassa nipphādetabbakammassa. Ettha cāti ‘‘tattha tattha sammāpayogappaccayā ijjhanaṭṭhena iddhī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.18) imissā dasamāya iddhiyā niddesepi. Purimapāḷisadisāvā’’ti samādhivipphāraiddhiādīnaṃ niddesasadisāva. Sakaṭabyūhādikaraṇavasenāti sakaṭabyūhacakkabyūhapadumabyūhādīnaṃ saṃvidhānavasena nibbattavisesoti sambandho. Gaṇitagandhabbādi sippakammaṃ. Sallakattakādi vejjakammaṃ. Irubbedādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ.
'一身而能成多身'等(《长部》1.238;《中部》1.147;《相应部》5.834;《无碍解道》1.102;3.10),由于已由决意神通所摄,故说'即从决意神通而来'。'于此义中':即在此称为神通利益或称为神通种类的义中。
‘‘Ekopi hutvā bahudhāva hotī’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.238; ma. ni. 1.147; saṃ. ni. 5.834; paṭi. ma. 1.102; 3.10) adhiṭṭhāniddhiyā eva gahitattā āha ‘‘adhiṭṭhānā iddhiyeva āgatā’’ti. Imasmiṃ panattheti imasmiṃ abhiññānisaṃsasaṅkhāte, iddhividhasaṅkhāte vā atthe.
380于'以一种方式为智处'等句中,'vidha'一词意为部分、分类;于'展示种种军阵'等句中,则为变化、分别之义。为说明此二义于此皆可适用,故说'iddhividhāya,即为了神通的部分,或为了神通的变化'。因为神通是诸胜知中的一个部分,且据将说的分类而有多种差别。所谓'依所说的方式',是指依所说的十四种方式,以及依心的调御、等持状态等方式。'iddhividhāya'是与格,表示目的,故说'为了证得神通'。'从遍相所缘移开',此是就胜知的基础——预备心的相续同一性而言,并非因为预备心以遍相为所缘。所谓'朝向神通而派遣',是指以朝向应成就的神通的方式而转起。当以'我成为百'等转起预备心时,那本身就是它的引导,亦即朝向神通的派遣;同样,由于神通转起,预备心倾向于神通,这称为'朝向神通而倾注',故说'使其成为趋向应证得的神通、倾向神通的'。在此,'随受'、'触证'是作证、达到的同义词;为说明此义,故说'意思是达到'。'assa'指该神通。
380. ‘‘Ekavidhena ñāṇavatthu’’ntiādīsu (vibha. 751) koṭṭhāsattho vidhasaddo, ‘‘vividhampi senābyūhaṃ dassetī’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 3.13) vikappattho, tadubhayampettha yujjatīti dassento āha ‘‘iddhividhāyāti iddhikoṭṭhāsāya, iddhivikappāya vā’’ti. Iddhi hi abhiññāsu eko koṭṭhāso, vakkhamānehi bhedehi anekappabhedā ca. Vuttappakāravasenāti vuttassa cuddasappakārassa, cittaparidamanassa samāhitatādippakārassa ca vasena. ‘‘Iddhividhāyā’’ti tadatthassa sampadānavacananti āha ‘‘iddhividhādhigamatthāyā’’ti. ‘‘Kasiṇārammaṇato apanetvā’’ti idaṃ abhiññāpādakaparikammacittānaṃ samānasantānatāya vuttaṃ, na parikammacittassa kasiṇārammaṇattā. Iddhividhābhimukhaṃ pesetīti nipphādetabbassa iddhividhassa abhimukhabhāvena pavatteti. Yaṃ hi ‘‘sataṃ homī’’tiādinā parikammacittassa pavattanaṃ, tadevassa abhinīharaṇaṃ, iddhividhābhimukhapesanañca tatheva iddhividhassa pavattanato abhininnāmanaṃ idha parikammacittassa iddhividhe adhimuttīti āha ‘‘adhigantabbaiddhipoṇaṃ iddhipabbhāraṃ karotī’’ti. Idha paccanubhavanaphusanā sacchikiriyāpattipariyāyā evāti dassento ‘‘pāpuṇātīti attho’’ti āha. Assāti iddhividhassa.
“ekopi”中的pi字,是结合后面将说的“成为多”而取其总括之义。它的对应句为:“成为一后,成为多;成为多后,也成为一。”而此处是指化现出多身后,于其间归入一身。然而,此处并非仅以依自然方式归入一身为意,因为那并非神通所化。有人说,彼亦依先前所作的时间限定而成就,故仍是神通威力。或者,因pi字的位置不同,其关联为“成为一后,也成为多;成为多后,也成为一”。在此情况下,pi字是结合后面将说的“一身”而说“总括义”,此后“因为那……”等一切皆应如理而说。为说明化现多身的用途,而说“在众多……面前”等。其中,“在众多面前”是指处于由自己所化现的众多化身附近,被其所围绕的意思。vā字表示未说出的其他选项,由此含摄“或想要说法”等。应将“以智决意时,如此成为”引接过来。
Ekopīti pi-saddo vakkhamānaṃ bahubhāvaṃ upādāya sampiṇḍanattho. So hissa paṭiyogī ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hotī’’ti. So ca kho bahubhāvaṃ nimminitvā ṭhitassa antarāva ekabhāvūpagamo. Yathākālaparicchedaṃ pana saraseneva ekabhāvūpagamo idha nādhippeto aniddhinimmānabhāvato. Tampi pubbe katakālaparicchedavasena siddhattā iddhānubhāvoyevāti keci. Aṭṭhāne vāyaṃ pi-saddo, eko hutvā bahudhāpi hoti, bahudhā hutvā ekopi hotīti sambandho. Imasmiṃ pakkhe pi-saddo vakkhamānaṃ ekabhāvaṃ upādāya ‘‘sampiṇḍanattho’’ti vatvā ‘‘so hī’’tiādi sabbaṃ yathārahaṃ vattabbaṃ. Bahubhāvanimmāne payojanaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘bahūnaṃ santike’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha bahūnaṃ santiketi attanā nimmitānaṃ bahūnaṃ samīpe, tehi parivārito hutvāti adhippāyo. Vā-saddo avuttavikappattho, tena ‘‘dhammaṃ vā kathetukāmo’’ti evamādi saṅgayhati. ‘‘Ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto evaṃ hotī’’ti ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ.
381“此处有神通”,故为地,即诸禅。此中的“此处”是处格,表原因。由远离而生之地,为远离生之地。因为初禅是由远离诸盖而生起的。以喜乐为体之地,为喜乐地。因为第二禅既是喜乐地之体,也是依定而生起喜乐的。向上的二禅亦同此理。“为得神通”,即为了证得神通。“为获得神通”,即为了反复获得神通,意思是令其广修。“为神通变化”,即为了神通种种形态的变化,意思是变化神通。“为神通流布”,即为了神通流出种种功德。“为神通自在”,即为了成就神通速疾安止等自在的状态。“为神通无碍”,即由于神通远离敌对而离杂染,为了极善巧无畏的状态。如果说第四禅是神通之地,因为神通依于彼而成就,那么其他诸禅如何呢?说“在此……”等。其中,应知前三禅是资粮地。第三禅以遍满乐为因,初、二禅以遍满喜及遍满乐为因,各应如其理而配属。此处的遍满,是指由于禅修习增上,以殊胜的喜乐之力,依禅的缘等,使俱生的名身得到滋养,并使色身被由他们生起的殊胜色所遍满。因此世尊说:“以喜乐灌注、遍注、充满、遍满”。“乐想”,指与禅乐俱行的想。“轻安想”,指与彼相应的轻安想。
381. Bhavati ettha iddhīti bhūmiyo, jhānāni. Etthāti ca hetumhi bhummavacanaṃ. Vivekato jātā bhūmi vivekajabhūmi. Vivekajaṃ hi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ nīvaraṇavivekasambhūtattā. Pītisukhabhūtā bhūmi pītisukhabhūmi. Dutiyajjhānañhi pītisukhabhūmibhūtañceva pītisukhasañjātañca samādhivasena. Upari dvīsupi eseva nayo. Iddhilābhāyāti iddhiyā adhigamāya. Iddhipaṭilābhāyāti iddhiyā punappunaṃ labhamānāya, bahulīkaraṇāyāti attho. Iddhivikubbanatāyāti iddhiyā vividharūpakāraṇāya, vikubbaniddhiyāti attho . Iddhivisavitāyāti iddhiyā vividhānisaṃsapasavanāya. Iddhivasitāyāti iddhiyā khippanisantiādibhāvāvahavasībhāvatthāya. Iddhivesārajjāyāti iddhiyā paṭipakkhadūrībhāvena vigatasaṃkilesatāya suṭṭhu visāradabhāvāya. Catutthajjhānaṃ tāva iddhiyā bhūmi hotu tattha patiṭṭhāya nipphādetabbato, itarāni pana kathanti āha ‘‘ettha cā’’tiādi. Tattha tīṇi jhānāni sambhārabhūmiyoti veditabbānīti sambandho. Tatiyajjhāne sukhapharaṇena, paṭhamadutiyesu pītipharaṇena sukhapharaṇena ca hetubhūtenāti yathārahavasena yojanā. Pharaṇaṃ cettha jhānassa subhāvitabhāvena sātisayānaṃ pītisukhānaṃ vasena jhānappaccayādinā sahajātanāmakāyassa paribrūhanaṃ, rūpakāyassa ca taṃsamuṭṭhānehi paṇītarūpehi paripphuṭatā. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.226; ma. ni. 1.427). Sukhasaññanti jhānasukhena sahagataṃ saññaṃ. Lahusaññanti taṃsampayuttalahutāsahagataṃ saññaṃ. Okkamitvāti anupavisitvā. Tesu hi jhānesu sātisayāya lahutāya sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ santānavasena pavattento yogī taṃ samokkanto viya hotīti evaṃ vuttaṃ. Saññāsīsena niddeso. Jhānasampayuttā hi lahutā vināpi iddhiyā ākāsaṃ laṅghāpanappamāṇappattā viya hoti. Lahubhāvaggahaṇeneva cettha mudukammaññabhāvāpi gahitā eva. Tenāha ‘‘lahumudukammaññakāyo hutvā’’ti.
“以此理趣”是指:在通过入前三禅而获得乐与轻安的名色身后,于心的调御下,第四禅便容易地导致神通的获得,是依此理趣而说。因为相对于根本地,诸资粮地就如城墙的内缘部分一般,是决意的基础。
Imināpariyāyenāti tiṇṇaṃ jhānānaṃ samāpajjanena sukhalahubhāvappattanāmarūpakāyassa sati cittaparidamane catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sukheneva iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattatīti iminā pariyāyena. Pakatibhūmiyā hi adhiṭṭhānabhūtā sambhārabhūmiyo pākārassa nemippadeso viyāti.
382在神足的解释中,“四”是数量的限定。关于“神足”一词:“ijjhati”即“iddhi”(神通),意为成就、圆满、产生。或者,众生依此而成就(ijjhanti)、增长、达至殊胜,故称为“iddhi”。依第一种含义,“iddhi”本身就是“足”(pāda),故称“神足”(iddhipāda),意思是神通的部分。依第二种含义,“神通之足”即是“神足”。其中“足”指安立处、证得的方法,因为众生依此得以达到、证得层层殊胜的所谓“神通”。以上是注释书的方法。在此,“iddhi”一词的第一种含义是主动者义,第二种含义是工具义;而“pāda”一词唯是工具义。如果将“应被达到的”称为“iddhi”,而非正在成就的,那么应被达到的“iddhi”与作为达到之工具的“pāda”是同位关系,因此依第一种含义,不能说“神通即是足,故为神足”。同样,若将“iddhi”理解为应通过神通行为这一工具来成就的增长,且应通过达到行为这一工具来达成,那么两种工具必定是同位关系,因此依第二种含义,也不能说“神……”
382. Iddhipādaniddese cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo. Iddhipādāti ettha ijjhatīti iddhi, samijjhati nipphajjatīti attho. Ijjhanti vā etāya sattā iddhā vuddhā ukkaṃsagatā hontīti iddhi. Paṭhamenatthena iddhi eva pādoti iddhipādo, iddhikoṭṭhāsoti attho. Dutiyenatthena iddhiyā pādoti iddhipādo. Pādoti patiṭṭhā, adhigamūpāyoti attho. Tena hi uparūparivisesasaṅkhātaṃ iddhiṃ pajjanti pāpuṇanti. Ayaṃ tāva aṭṭhakathānayo. Tattha iddhi-saddassa paṭhamo kattuattho, dutiyo karaṇattho vutto. Pāda-saddassa eko karaṇatthova. Pajjitabbāva iddhi vuttā, na ca ijjhantī, pajjitabbā ca iddhi pajjanakaraṇena pādena samānādhikaraṇā hotīti paṭhamena atthena ‘‘iddhi eva pādo iddhipādo’’ti na sakkā vattuṃ. Tathā iddhikiriyākaraṇena sādhetabbāva vuddhisaṅkhātā iddhi pajjanakiriyākaraṇena pajjitabbāti dvinnaṃ karaṇānaṃ na asamānādhikaraṇatā sambhavatīti dutiyenatthena ‘‘iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo’’ti ca na sakkā vattuṃ. Tasmā paṭhamenatthena samānādhikaraṇasamāso, dutiyena sāmivacanasamāso na yujjatīti paṭhamenatthena iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo, dutiyenatthena iddhi eva pādo iddhipādoti samāso yutto, yathāvuttopi vā, pādassa ijjhamānakoṭṭhāsaijjhanakaraṇūpāyabhāvato.
依前行欲而说“以欲为因”;依相应欲而说“以欲为增上”。然而应知,即使是俱生欲,也依前行造作而成为增上。或者,依据“若比丘以欲为增上而得定、得心一境性,此即名为欲定”这样的经文,将“欲增上定”省略“增上”一词而构成复合词,称为“欲定”,应如是理解。而注释书为了显示“增上”之义,说为“以欲为因或以欲为增上之定”,因此说“以欲为增上”等。有人将“为勤”(padhānabhūtā)解释为“为精进”。然而,为了排除“有行”(saṅkhata-saṅkhāra),才采用了“勤”一词。或者,由于造作种种殊胜,故名为“行”(saṅkhāra),一切精进皆如此。在此,为了排除其他,而采用能完成四种作用的“勤”一词。“为勤”意为“为最胜”。因其意指四种精进,故用复数形式表述。然而,有人依“神通之足为神足”这样的复合词结构,将“足”理解为方法义,来解释神足的含义。应知,那是针对证得的前行部分,将主动者神通与工具神通的状态,依“欲神足”等而说的;或者,在阿毗达摩中,将欲等神足所应成就的增长视为主动者神通,将欲等视为工具神通而说。
Pubbabhāgachandavasena chandahetuko. Sampayuttachandavasena chandādhiko. Pubbābhisaṅkhāravasena eva pana sahajātachandassāpi adhikatā veditabbā. Atha vā ‘‘chandañce bhikkhu adhipatiṃ karitvā labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassekaggataṃ, ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhī’’ti imāya pāḷiyā chandādhipatisamādhi chandasamādhīti adhipati-saddalopaṃ katvā samāso vuttoti viññāyati. Adhipatisaddatthadassanavasena pana aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘chandahetuko chandādhiko vā samādhī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘chandaṃ adhipatiṃ karitvā’’tiādi. Padhānabhūtāti vīriyabhūtāti keci vadanti. Saṅkhatasaṅkhāranivattanatthaṃ pana padhānaggahaṇaṃ. Atha vā taṃ taṃ visesaṃ saṅkharotīti saṅkhāro, sabbampi vīriyaṃ. Tattha catukiccasādhakato aññassa nivattanatthaṃ padhānaggahaṇaṃ. Padhānabhūtā seṭṭhabhūtāti attho. Catubbidhassa pana vīriyassa adhippetattā bahuvacananiddeso. Yo pana ‘‘iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo’’ti evaṃ samāsayojanāvasena pādassa upāyatthataṃ gahetvā iddhipādattho vutto, so paṭilābhapubbabhāgānaṃ kattukaraṇiddhibhāvaṃ ‘‘chandiddhipādo’’tiādinā (vibha. 457) vā abhidhamme āgatattā chandādīhi iddhipādehi sādhetabbāya vuddhiyā kattiddhibhāvaṃ, chandādīnaṃ karaṇiddhibhāvañca sandhāya vuttoti veditabbo.
在“精进神足”中,“具足精进定、勤行”这一句里,精进一词出现了两次。其中,第一个是定的修饰语,即“以精进为增上的定”称为“精进定”。第二个是显示具足支。因为在一切处,都只有两种具足支:定与勤行。欲等是定的修饰语,而勤行唯以“勤”一词来加以简别,并非以欲等来简别,因此这里并未说勤行以精进为增上。精进既已作为定的修饰语而确立,纵然再以具足支的方式通过“勤行”一词来说,也并非说具足两种精进。然而,由于定被欲等所简别,与此所简别的定相应的勤行及其他法也同样被简别,因此依定的修饰语而说四种神足。而欲等成为修饰语,是依各自所依的关系。
Vīriyiddhipāde ‘‘vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgata’’nti dvikkhattuṃ vīriyaṃ āgataṃ. Tattha purimaṃ samādhivisesanaṃ vīriyādhipati samādhi vīriyasamādhīti. Dutiyaṃ samannāgamaṅgadassanaṃ. Dve eva hi sabbattha samannāgamaṅgāni samādhi , padhānasaṅkhāro ca. Chandādayo samādhivisesanāni, padhānasaṅkhāro pana padhānavacaneneva visesito, na chandādīhīti na idha vīriyādhipatitā padhānasaṅkhārassa vuttā hoti. Vīriyañca samādhiṃ visesetvā ṭhitameva samannāgamaṅgavasena padhānasaṅkhāravacanena vuttanti nāpi dvīhi vīriyehi samannāgamo vutto hotīti. Yasmā pana chandādīhi visiṭṭho samādhi, tathā visiṭṭheneva ca tena sampayutto padhānasaṅkhāro, sesadhammā ca, tasmā samādhivisesanānaṃ vasena cattāro iddhipādā vuttā. Visesanabhāvo ca chandādīnaṃ taṃtaṃavassayavasena hotīti.
或者,如“然后”等词所示,当“足”字也用于所依义时,是以方法义来说明欲等为神足。正因如此,在阿毗达摩《后小分别》中,以“四神足:欲神足”等,直接说欲等本身就是神足。在《问分》中,也以“四神足:于此,比丘欲定……”等作总说后,又分别了欲等本身的善等状态。实际上,无论是在经中还是在阿毗达摩中,都是为了显示作为方法的神足与作为所依的神足而作此说,否则不会有这四种类别。
Atha vātiādinā nissayaṭṭhepi pāda-sadde upāyaṭṭhena chandādīnaṃ iddhipādatā vuttā. Teneva abhidhamme uttaracūḷabhājanīye ‘‘cattāro iddhipādā chandiddhipādo’’tiādinā (vibha. 457) chandādīnameva iddhipādatā vuttā. Pañhāpucchake ca ‘‘cattāro iddhipādā idha bhikkhu chandasamādhī’’tiādināva (vibha. 462) uddesaṃ katvāpi puna chandādīnaṃyeva kusalādibhāvo vibhatto. Upāyiddhipādadassanatthameva hi sutte, abhidhamme ca nissayiddhipādadassanaṃ kataṃ, aññathā catubbidhatā na hotīti.
383383. “欲等八者”:即欲定、精进定、心定、观定,如是欲等共有八支。虽然在此四处,定都只是定,然而,只有在与想要生起神通的意欲俱行时,此定才能带来神通的证得,单独的定则不能。精进定等也是如此。因此,与欲等俱行的这四个定,以及欲等四个,合为八支,被称为“足”,因为依此八者而达到神通,或者它们自身成就、圆满,能证得神通。因此说“能带来神通的证得”。至于经中所说“欲不是定”等句,虽然欲等只有与定俱行才能产生神通,但这是为了显示它们各自作为“足”的独特状态。其本意在于:它们是一起结合而起作用的,并非各自单独能成为足。“结合”即俱行,而非分离。
383.Chandādīni aṭṭhāti chandasamādhi vīriyasamādhi cittasamādhi vīmaṃsāsamādhīti evaṃ chandādīni aṭṭha. Kāmaṃ cettha catūsupi ṭhānesu samādhi samādhi eva, tathāpi iddhiṃ uppādetukāmatāchandasahitova samādhi iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati, na kevalo. Evaṃ vīriyasamādhiādayopi. Tasmā chandādisahitā ete cattāro ca samādhī, chandādayo ca cattāroti aṭṭha pajjati iddhi etehi pāpuṇīyati, sayaṃ vā pajjanti iddhipaṭilābhāya sampajjantīti padānīti vuccanti. Tenāha ‘‘iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Yaṃ pana pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘chando na samādhī’’tiādi, taṃ yadipi chandādayo samādhisahitāva iddhiṃ nipphādenti, tathāpi visuṃ nesaṃ padabhāvadassanaṃ. Ekato niyuttova, na ekeko hutvāti adhippāyo. Niyuttovāti sahito eva, na viyutto.
384Anonata(不低垂):即不低垂,因以精进策励而不退缩,故有此义。因此说“于懈怠中不动摇”,意为不因懈怠之因而动摇。向上昂起为unnata(高耸),即掉举、散乱。不昂起为anunnata(不高耸),即不散乱、已得定,故有此义。因此说“于掉举中不动摇”。因执著而倾向为abhinata(偏向),不偏向为anabhinata(不偏向),即无贪染。因离去而倾向为apanata(背离),即因嗔恚而背向。不背离为anapanata(不背离),即无嗔害。依于“我、我所”之见而依止,故不依止为anissita(不依止)。因欲贪而不系缚为appaṭibaddha(不系缚)。贪仅是执著而已,而欲贪则是厚重的烦恼。正因如此,即使对象在远处,对它也还是系缚的。Vippamutta(善解脱):即殊胜地解脱。因诸禅那为欲贪的对治,故说“于欲贪中”。Visaṃyutta(离系):即远离杂染,或不与四种轭相系。Vimariyādikata(已破除界限):即已破除烦恼的界限,如此行道,乃至微细的烦恼界限亦不存在。Ekattaga
384.Anonatanti na onataṃ, vīriyena paggahitattā alīnanti attho. Tenāha ‘‘kosajje na iñjatī’’ti, kosajjanimittaṃ na calatīti attho. Uddhaṃ nataṃ unnataṃ, uddhataṃ vikkhittaṃ. Na unnataṃ anunnataṃ, avikkhittaṃ samāhitanti attho. Tenāha ‘‘uddhacce na iñjatī’’ti. Abhisaṅgavasena nataṃ abhinataṃ, na abhinataṃ anabhinataṃ, arattaṃ. Apagamanavasena nataṃ apanataṃ, kodhavasena vimukhaṃ. Na apanataṃ anapanataṃ, aduṭṭhaṃ. Diṭṭhiyā ‘‘ahaṃ, mama’’nti nissayavasena na nissitanti anissitaṃ. Chandarāgavasena na paṭibaddhanti appaṭibaddhaṃ. Rāgo kevalaṃ āsattimattaṃ, chandarāgo pana bahalakileso. Tathā hissa dūre ṭhitampi ārammaṇaṃ paṭibaddhameva. Vippamuttanti visesato pamuttaṃ. Jhānānaṃ kāmarāgapaṭipakkhatāya āha ‘‘kāmarāge’’ti. Visaṃyuttanti vivittaṃ saṃkilesato, na vā saṃyuttaṃ catūhipi yogehi. Vimariyādikataṃ kilesamariyādāya, yathā īsakampi kilesamariyādā na hoti, tathā paṭipannaṃ. Ekattagatanti ekaggataṃ upagataṃ accantameva samāhitaṃ. Tato eva nānattakilesehi nānāsabhāvehi kilesehi na iñjati.
“此义”指懈怠等的成因。此心不动摇之义,因已证得不动的说明而得以确立,故已成就。“再次宣说”者,乃因在神通示现“地、足、足迹”的关联中,为阐明“这些名为根本”的根本性而再次宣说。“前者”指先前以“由信等所摄持故”等六种方式所示之方法。“此者”指现在以十六种方式所示之方法。在经的方法与无碍解的方法中已阐明之处,便无有迷惑;未阐明之处则不然,故说“为于两处无迷惑”。
Esa atthoti kosajjādinimittaṃ. Imassa cittassa āneñjanattho siddho eva āneñjappattiyā pakāsanavasena dassitattā. Puna vuttoti iddhiyā bhūmipādapadadassanappasaṅgena ‘‘imāni mūlāni nāmā’’ti mūlabhāvadassanatthaṃ puna vutto. Purimoti ‘‘saddhādīhi pariggahitattā’’tiādinā pubbe chadhā dassitanayo. Ayanti adhunā soḷasadhā dassitanayo. Suttanaye, paṭisambhidānaye ca dassite tattha sammoho na hoti, na adassiteti āha ‘‘ubhayattha asammohattha’’nti.
385“以智决意”者:为显示决意的方式,在此举出先前自己所宣说的语句:“入神通根本禅那,出定后……”。此中,有人认为依次入四种禅那后从第四禅出定,此说不合道理。因为心的调御是为能随意入禅那,且唯有第四禅是神通根本,其余则非。作准备指从根本禅那出定后,以欲界心思维“愿我成为百人”等,此即为作准备;同样地,转向亦即为转向。第二个“亦”字是合集之义,由此显示第三乃至更多的含义。如同禅那的修习,神通的修习也是如此。“一次、两次”等,应视为仅是举例。相所缘即似相所缘。准备心:在此,每一准备心皆应视为以“百”为所缘,因其生起为“愿我成为百人”。千所缘等,亦同此理。依颜色即依自己所构想之颜色。非依施设即非依众生施设。那决意心如安止心:此“如”字是就神通心与禅那心最初生起时的相似状态而说,并非说它就是安止。色界第四禅具者即具有色界第四禅,与之相应。
385.Ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahantoti ‘‘kathaṃ panāyaṃ evaṃ hotī’’ti ettha pubbe attanā vuttapadaṃ uddharati adhiṭṭhānavidhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāyā’’ti. Ettha anupubbena cattāri jhānāni samāpajjitvā catutthajjhānato vuṭṭhāyāti keci, taṃ ayuttaṃ. Yathicchitajjhānasamāpajjanatthañhi cittaparidamanaṃ, catutthajjhānameva ca abhiññāpādakaṃ, na itarāni. Parikammaṃ katvāti pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya kāmāvacaracittena ‘‘sataṃ homī’’tiādinā cintanamevettha parikammakaraṇaṃ, tathāvajjanameva ca āvajjanaṃ. Dutiyampīti pi-saddo samuccayattho, tena tatiyampi, tato bhiyyopīti imamatthaṃ dīpeti. Yathā hi jhānabhāvanā, evamabhiññābhāvanāpi. ‘‘Ekavāraṃ dvevāra’’nti idampi nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nimittārammaṇanti paṭibhāganimittārammaṇaṃ. Parikammacittānīti ettha ekekassa parikammacittassa satārammaṇatā daṭṭhabbā ‘‘sataṃ homī’’ti pavattanato. Sahassārammaṇānīti etthāpi eseva nayo. Vaṇṇavasenāti attanā parikappitavaṇṇavasena. No paṇṇattivasenāti na sattapaṇṇattivasena. Taṃ adhiṭṭhānacittaṃ appanācittamivāti ivaggahaṇaṃ abhiññācittassa jhānacittassa paṭhamuppattisadisabhāvato vuttaṃ, na tassa appanābhāvato. Rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānikanti rūpāvacaracatutthajhānavantaṃ, tena sampayuttaṃ.
386若如此,则《无碍解道》中“转向后以智决意”之语如何融通?故说“若言”等。其中,“亦”指在《无碍解道》中也是如此。“转向”:“转向多”此句是依准备而说,并非依转向而说。“转向后以智决意”是依神通智而说,并非依与准备心相应之智,亦非依其他欲界之智,因为那种智没有如此威力。因此,由于决意唯依已达安止的神通智而作,故在说明此决意次第时,而说了“转向多”等语。其中,“依决定”即依成就。
386. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātī’’ti paṭisambhidāvacanaṃ kathanti āha ‘‘yampī’’tiādi. Tatrāpīti paṭisambhidāyampi. Āvajjatīti ‘‘bahukaṃ āvajjatī’’ti idaṃ pāṭhapadaṃ parikammavaseneva vuttaṃ, na āvajjanavasena. Āvajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhātīti abhiññāñāṇavasena vuttaṃ, na parikammacittasampayuttassa, aññassa vā kāmāvacarassa ñāṇassa vasena. Na hi tassa tādiso ānubhāvo atthīti. Tasmāti yasmā appanāppattassa abhiññāñāṇasseva vasena adhiṭṭhānaṃ, tasmā. Ayamadhiṭṭhānakkamoti dassento ‘‘bahukaṃ āvajjatī’’tiādimāha. Tattha sanniṭṭhāpanavasenāti nipphādanavasena.
“示现身证者”之义:并非仅仅停留在言语的层面,而是因为此人以自身亲证了此义,故为身证者;这是为了显示此身证的意义。
Kāyasakkhidassanatthanti na kevalaṃ vacanamattameva, atha kho ayametassatthassa attano kāyena sacchikatattā kāyasakkhīti sakkhidassanatthaṃ.
“Kokanada”是莲花的别称,如同“kokāsaka”。据说此花花瓣繁多、色泽美丽且极其芳香。Pāto即清晨。此处之义为:如同名为kokanada的莲花,在清晨日出时分绽放、盛开、芬芳不散、光彩照人;同样地,你应观见那位正等觉者,他以身体之香与功德之香而芬芳,在秋季于虚空中犹如太阳般以其自身光辉照耀,并由肢体放射光芒而得名Aṅgīrasa。
Kokanadanti padumavisesanaṃ yathā ‘‘kokāsaka’’nti. Taṃ kira bahupattaṃ, vaṇṇasampannaṃ, ativiya sugandhañca hoti. Pātoti pageva. Ayañhettha attho – yathā kokanadasaṅkhātaṃ padumaṃ pāto sūriyassuggamanavelāyaṃ phullaṃ vikasitaṃ avītagandhaṃ siyā virocamānaṃ, evaṃ sarīragandhena, guṇagandhena ca sugandhaṃ saradakāle antalikkhe ādiccamiva attano tejasā tapantaṃ aṅgehi niccharaṇakajutitāya aṅgīrasaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ passāti.
“不能”之意:此教法以修行为核心,而修行又以教理学习为根本,你却不堪承受教理学习,因此说你“不能”,这是它的意旨。并不是像对待住所的义务那样,仅凭精进努力便可称为“不能”。
Abhabboti paṭipattisāramidaṃ sāsanaṃ, paṭipatti ca pariyattimūlikā, tvañca pariyattiṃ uggahetuṃ asamattho, tasmā abhabboti adhippāyo. Abhabbo nāma na hoti vāsadhurasseva padhānabhāvato.
“比丘”是以出家者的称呼而说的,或就未来将成比丘的身份而说,如“佛陀前往王舍城”。Pilotikakhaṇḍa即极为洁净的布片。Rajo haratīti即拭尘布。他化现后施与,是因为先前曾作加行之故。正是如此,他如理作意,生起“此身体实为过患”之念,证得不净想与无常想;以名色把握等将智投向五蕴,依聚思惟等次第增长观智,循生灭智等阶位,令观智顺随邻近于种姓。先前放射光明而说的偈颂,即光明偈。
Bhikkhūti pabbajitavohārena vuttaṃ, bhāvinaṃ vā bhikkhubhāvaṃ upādāya yathā ‘‘agamā rājagahaṃ buddho’’ti (su. ni. 410). Pilotikakhaṇḍanti suvisuddhaṃ coḷakhaṇḍaṃ . Rajo haratīti rajoharaṇaṃ. Abhinimminitvā adāsi tattha pubbe katādhikārattā. Tathā hi yoniso ummujjanto ‘‘attabhāvassa panāyaṃ doso’’ti asubhasaññaṃ, aniccasaññañca paṭilabhitvā nāmarūpapariggahādinā pañcasu khandhesu ñāṇaṃ otāretvā kalāpasammasanādikkamena vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā udayabbayañāṇādipaṭipāṭiyā vipassanaṃ anulomagotrabhusamīpaṃ pāpesi. Obhāsavissajjanapubbikā bhāsitagāthā obhāsagāthā.
在圣者的律中,贪欲是尘垢,而微尘并不被称为“尘垢”。为什么呢?因为贪欲令心染污。“尘垢”是贪欲的同义词。这尘垢即指称为贪欲的尘垢。“舍弃之后”指以最上道将其特别断除之故。那些智者安住,意即那些断除者成为智者而安住。在已离尘垢者——即彻底断除贪等尘垢的佛陀世尊的教法中。正如他们所说:
Rāgo rajo ariyassa vinaye, na ca pana reṇu vuccati ‘‘rajo’’ti. Kasmā? Cittassa malīnabhāvakaraṇato. Rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ ‘‘rajo’’ti. Etaṃ rajanti etaṃ rāgasaṅkhātaṃ rajaṃ. Vippajahitvāti aggamaggena visesato pajahanahetu. Paṇḍitā viharanti teti te pajahanakā paṇḍitā hutvā viharanti. Vītarajassa sabbaso pahīnarāgādirajassa buddhassa bhagavato sāsane. Tathā hi vadanti –
‘‘Cittamhi saṃkiliṭṭhamhi, saṃkilissanti māṇavā; Citte suddhe visujjhanti, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.373; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.106; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.100; itivu. aṭṭha. 88);
“六神通”一词所摄的六神通虽已彰显圣道,然以其“无上”之共性,将果与涅槃一并含摄,故说为“九种出世间法”。
Chaḷabhiññāgahaṇena gahitāya chaḷabhiññāya vibhāvitepi ariyamagge anuttarabhāvasāmaññena phalanibbānehi saddhiṃ saṅgaṇhanto āha ‘‘nava lokuttaradhammā’’ti.
以遮盖所得物的方式将手放置,故说“遮盖了手”。或者,此处的“手”是工具格的业格用法,意为“以手遮盖”。
Pattassa pidahanākārena hatthaṃ ṭhapento ‘‘hatthaṃ pidahī’’ti vutto. Hatthanti vā karaṇatthe upayogavacanaṃ, hatthena pidahīti attho.
“千次”即一千回。因为即使以同一心念化现自身千次,也等同于化现千回。虽无实际的造作差别,但为显明其义理成就,故说“千次”。庵婆林即建于庵婆林中的住处。可乐即令人愉悦。直至宣告时间为止,一直安坐——如此连接。
Sahassakkhattunti sahassadhā. Sahassadhā hi attānaṃ ekacitteneva nimminantopi sahassavāraṃ nimminanto viya hoti. Asatipi kiriyābyāvuttiyaṃ tadatthasiddhitoti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sahassakkhattu’’nti vuttaṃ. Ambavaneti ambavane katavihāre. Rammeti ramaṇīye. Yāva kālappavedanā, tāva nisīdīti yojanā.
“未限定”即未以色身支分、身体支分、资具、作用差别等加以限定。“种种颜色”即如前所述的颜色等种种品类、种种不同。“杂色头发”即夹杂白发的头发。半红半黄等颜色中的某一种,如此即是半红之衣。依词而诵为词诵,依行进而诵为句诵。以开示等方式说法,称为法谈。以音声诵出经等,称为声诵。“还有其他”即除所述方式外,还有其他长短粗细等种种不同。“随心所欲而成”即随其所欲,便成彼彼之相。因为凡于颜色等方面所愿求的差别,他们便具足那样的差别。然而,他们虽如此种种差别,但以颜色为所缘,唯有一确定心生起。这就是其威力——如同一个思能产生具种种差别的自身,其中,对有的希求是业的差别缘。如果说业果不可思议,则此处的遍作心是差别缘,且神通境界亦不可思议,应如此领会。“此理”即如在多变之化现中,以“入神通根本禅那后”等所说之确定之理,此理也适用于其他确定之处。
Aniyametvāti vaṇṇāvayavasarīrāvayavaparikkhārakiriyāvisesādīhi niyamaṃ akatvā. Nānāvaṇṇeti nānākāre yathāvuttavaṇṇādivasena nānāvidhe. Missakakeseti palitehi missitakese. Upaḍḍharattavaṇṇaupaḍḍhapaṇḍuvaṇṇādīsu aññataravaṇṇanti evaṃ upaḍḍharattacīvare. Padavasena atthassa , gamanavasena pāḷiyā bhaṇanaṃ padabhāṇaṃ. Parikathādivasena dhammassa kathanaṃ dhammakathā. Sarena bhaññaṃ suttādīnaṃ uccāraṇaṃ sarabhaññaṃ. Aparepīti vuttākārato aññepi dīgharassakisathūlādike nānappakārake. Icchiticchitappakārāyeva hontīti yathā yathā icchitā, taṃtaṃpakārāyeva honti. Yattakā hi visesā vaṇṇādivasena tesu icchitā, tattakavisesavantova te honti. Te pana tathā bahudhā bhinnākārepi vaṇṇavasena ārammaṇaṃ katvā ekameva adhiṭṭhānacittaṃ pavattati. Ayaṃ hissa ānubhāvo – yathā ekāva cetanā nānāvisesavantaṃ attabhāvaṃ nibbatteti, tattha bhavapatthanā kammassa visesapaccayo hoti. Acinteyyo ca kammavipākoti ce, idhāpi parikammacittaṃ visesapaccayo hoti, acinteyyo ca iddhivisayoti gahetabbaṃ. Esa nayoti yvāyaṃ bahubhāvanimmāne ‘‘abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā’’tiādinā adhiṭṭhānanayo vutto, esa nayo itaresupi adhiṭṭhānesu.
如此以共相比喻显示后,为以自相显示差别,故说“然此差别”等。其中,“此比丘若欲”为关联。“将知我”即“他们将知我为具神通者”。“于时限内”即在所限定的时间之内。“根本禅那”等是为显示遍作方式而说,其余则已由譬喻阐明。“若不如此作”即不在中间作“我成为一”的确定。“依所限定时间”是显示:作“我成为百”等确定时,应依时间限定而作。由于确定已经止息,自己自然成为一。此处,遍作心与确定心,具神通者自身即以色为所缘。其中,遍作心以相续现前者为所缘。确定心以正现行者为所缘,因为确定仅有一心刹那,诸师如是说。
Iti avisesaṃ atidesena dassetvā visesaṃ sarūpato dassetuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ pana viseso’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha iminā bhikkhunā icchantenāti sambandho. Maṃ jānissantīti ‘‘iddhimā’’ti maṃ jānissanti. Antarāvāti paricchinnakālassa abbhantare eva. Pādakajjhānantiādi parikammakaraṇākāradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, itaraṃ pana atideseneva vibhāvitanti. Evaṃ akarontoti ‘‘eko homī’’ti antarā adhiṭṭhānaṃ akaronto. ‘‘Yathāparicchinnakālavasenā’’ti iminā ‘‘sataṃ homī’’tiādinā adhiṭṭhānaṃ karontena kālaparicchedavaseneva kātabbanti dasseti. Sayameva eko hoti adhiṭṭhānassa paṭippassaddhattā. Ettha ca parikammādhiṭṭhānacittānaṃ iddhimā vaṇṇavasena sayameva ārammaṇaṃ hoti. Tesu parikammacittāni santatipaccuppannārammaṇāni. Adhiṭṭhānacittaṃ sampativattamānārammaṇaṃ adhiṭṭhānassa ekacittakkhaṇikattāti vadanti.
387“显现”一词与下文“有”字的连接并不恰当,因为它是以业格说出的;与将说之“去”字的连接亦不恰当,因其意在表明自己与他人的显现。名词需与动词相呼应,故以表示动作共性的“作”字来连接,称为“作显现”。“隐没”一词在此也同理。若问:“既然如此,为何《无碍解道》中不是这样?”为回应此问,所以说“即此”等语。确实,《无碍解道》中说“显现,即不为某物所覆”等,这正是就“作显现”与“作隐没”而言。其余文句是其同义词。“黑暗”即夜间的黑暗,或白天进入洞穴等处的黑暗。“被覆”指被墙壁、门扇等遮蔽。“不在境域”指因遥远、极其微细等而不出现在视野中。“此”指具神通者。即使有遮蔽或立于远处,自己或他人又如何得见——应转换格位来理解连接。“成光明”即变成光明,或已产生光明。
387.‘‘Āvibhāva’’nti padassa heṭṭhā vuttena hoti-saddena sambandho na yujjati upayogavacanena vuttattā, tathā vakkhamānena ca gacchati-saddena attano, paresañca āvibhāvassa icchitattā, nāmapadañca kiriyāpadāpekkhanti kiriyāsāmaññavācinā karoti-saddena yojetvā āha ‘‘āvibhāvaṃ karotī’’ti. Tirobhāvanti etthāpi eseva nayo . Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ paṭisambhidāyanti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘idameva hī’’tiādi. Kāmaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ ‘‘āvibhāvanti kenaci anāvaṭaṃ hotī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 3.11) āgataṃ, tampi idameva āvibhāvakaraṇaṃ, tirobhāvakaraṇañca sandhāya vuttaṃ. Sesapadāni tesaṃyeva vevacanāni. Andhakāranti rattandhakāraṃ, divāpi vā bilaguhādigataṃ andhakāraṃ. Paṭicchannanti kuṭṭakavāṭādinā paṭicchāditaṃ. Anāpāthanti dūratāsukhumataratādinā na āpāthagataṃ. Ayanti iddhimā. Paṭicchannopi dūre ṭhitopi attā vā paro vā yathā dissatīti vibhattiṃ pariṇāmetvā yojetabbaṃ. Ālokajātanti ālokabhūtaṃ, jātālokaṃ vā.
388而此即是显现神变,故称为神变。“往昔由谁所行?”——在此,为询问身证者而问“身证者”,以“世尊”作答,显示“导师即是身证者”。为阐明此义,便说“世尊实”等语。“令舍卫城居民得见”应带到前面来连接,同样,“示现乃至无间地狱”也是如此。当处于虚空中的下方宫殿被上方宫殿障隔而显得拥挤时,彼处虚空即名为拥挤,故说“将虚空分成两重而推开”。
388.Etaṃ pana pāṭihāriyanti āvibhāvapāṭihāriyamāha. Kena katapubbanti tattha kāyasakkhiṃ pucchitvā ‘‘satthā tāva kāyasakkhī’’ti dassentena ‘‘bhagavatā’’ti vatvā tamatthaṃ vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘bhagavā hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Sāvatthivāsike passantīti ānetvā sambandho, tathā ‘‘yāva avīciṃ dassesī’’ti. Ākāsagatesu heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimavimānesu uparūparivimānaṃ byavadhāyakesu byūhiyamānesu taggataṃ ākāsaṃ byūḷhaṃ nāma hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ākāsañca dvidhā viyūhitvā’’ti.
“此即义”者,指显现神变乃由导师所行。往昔诸佛的修行作意,是为护持佛陀的传统。“以一足而行”等,是显示三跨步。他给予方法,即依循此方法而确立了教说之道。
Ayamatthoti āvibhāvapāṭihāriyassa satthārā katabhāvo. Purimabuddhānaṃ paṭipattiāvajjanaṃ buddhappaveṇiyā anupālanatthaṃ. ‘‘Ekena pādenā’’tiādi tivikkamadassanaṃ. Nayaṃ deti yassa nayassa anusārena vācanāmaggaṃ ṭhapesi.
名为“小给孤独”,是给孤独大长者的幼弟。
Cūḷaanāthapiṇḍiko nāma anāthapiṇḍikamahāseṭṭhissa kaniṭṭhabhātā.
“穿透须弥山”者,即令它化为会众可见的形相而穿透。“那”指须弥山。
Sinerupabbataṃnibbijjhitvāti taṃ parisāya dissamānarūpaṃyeva katvā nibbijjhitvā. Nanti sinerupabbataṃ.
所谓“世间开显”,是指令数以百千计的器世间及其中的有情世间显现的神变。“大梵天”指萨汉巴提大梵天。
Anekasatasahassasaṅkhassa okāsalokassa, taṃnivāsisattalokassa ca vivaṭabhāvakaraṇapāṭihāriyaṃ lokavivaraṇaṃ nāma. Mahābrahmāti sahampatimahābrahmā.
他以地狱之怖畏警诫说:‘且看这无过失行道的果报吧!’然后依随导师的次第说法,再以天界之乐来诱惑,却并非令其心倾向于天界的成就。
Passatha tāva apaṇṇakapaṭipadāya phalanti nirayabhayena tajjetvā satthu anupubbikathānayena saggasukhena palobhetvā, na pana saggasampattiyaṃ ninnabhāvāpādanena.
389389. 如同为显现而制造光明时,应入光明遍;同样,为隐藏而制造黑暗时,应入青遍。这在经典中虽未直接如此表述,但依‘开显、遮蔽’(《无碍解道》3.11)之理,其义已摄。又或者,光明遍摄于白遍之中,前文已作说明。‘黑暗’即指具黑暗者。
389. Yathā āvibhāvakaraṇe ālokakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ ālokanimmānāya, evaṃ tirobhāvakaraṇe andhakāranimmānāya nīlakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitabbaṃ. Kāmañcetaṃ pāḷiyaṃ sarūpato nāgataṃ, ‘‘vivaṭaṃ āvaṭa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.11) pana vacanato atthato āgatameva. Odātakasiṇantogadhaṃ vā ālokakasiṇanti vuttovāyamattho. Andhakāranti andhakāravantaṃ.
390390. 其余诸人,如伊提长老等。
390.Avasese iṭṭiyattherādike.
391所谓“明显”,是指此有神通者为人所共知,故称“明显”;既为明显,又是神变,故名“明显神变”。此处并非因有神通者不为人知而名“不明显”;既不明显,又是神变,则名“不明显神变”。这区别仅在于神通者自身是否昭著,而非依于神变。因为神变本身并没有不明显的。
391. Pākaṭo iddhimā etassa atthīti pākaṭaṃ, pākaṭañca taṃ pāṭihāriyañcāti pākaṭapāṭihāriyaṃ. Na ettha iddhimā pākaṭoti apākaṭaṃ, apākaṭañca taṃ pāṭihāriyañcāti apākaṭapāṭihāriyaṃ. Iddhimato eva hi pākaṭāpākaṭabhāvenāyaṃ bhedo, na pāṭihāriyassa. Na hi taṃ apākaṭaṃ atthi.
“过人法”:人法指十善业道法,超越于此,即为过人法。“神通神变”:即以神通为体的神变。“在露台”:指在前面。“散布吧”:即散开之意。“神通造作”:指神通的运用。“造作了”:即造作、做了的意思。“以钥匙孔”:指以锁孔。“以门板缝隙”:指从门板接合处之间。
Uttarimanussadhammāti manussadhammo vuccati dasa kusalakammapathadhammā, tato manussadhammato uttari. Iddhisaṅkhātaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ. Āḷindeti pamukhe. Okāsehīti pakira. Iddhābhisaṅkhāranti iddhipayogaṃ. Abhisaṅkhāsīti abhisaṅkhari, akāsīti attho. Tālacchiggaḷenāti kuñcikacchiddena. Aggaḷantarikāyāti piṭṭhasaṅghātānaṃ antarena.
“消失”:指想要隐没。正如巴卡梵天不能隐没一般,世尊使自己不现在他及梵天众眼前而隐没,是为了不让梵天众有说“沙门乔达摩存在或不存在于此,无法知晓”的机会,因此宣说了“我于有中见怖畏”之偈。
Antarahitoti antaradhāyitukāmo. Bako brahmā yathā antaradhāyituṃ na sakkoti, tathā katvā bhagavā sayaṃ tassa, brahmagaṇassa ca anāpāthabhāvagamanena antarahito hutvā ‘‘samaṇassa gotamassa imasmiṃ ṭhāne atthibhāvo vā natthibhāvo vā na sakkā jānitu’’nti evaṃ brahmagaṇassa vacanokāso mā hotūti ‘‘bhavevāha’’nti imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
其中,“我于有中见怖畏”,即是我于有、于轮回中,见到了生、老等种种怖畏。“有与求无有者”──此即欲有等三种有及七种有,以及求无有者、寻求无有者,我反复唯于有中见之。“不称说有”,即不依爱、见之力而称说任何有,不执取。“不执取喜”,即不接近有爱,不执取之意。
Tattha bhavevāhaṃ bhayaṃ disvāti ahaṃ bhave saṃsāre jātijarādibhedaṃ bhayaṃ disvā eva. Bhavañca vibhavesinanti imañca kāmabhavādiṃ tividhampi sattabhavaṃ, vibhavesinaṃ vibhavaṃ gavesamānampi pariyesamānampi punappunaṃ bhave eva disvā. Bhavaṃ nābhivadinti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena kiñci bhavaṃ na abhivadiṃ na gahesiṃ. Nandiñca na upādiyinti bhavataṇhaṃ na upagacchiṃ, na aggahesinti attho.
392392.“不附着”,指以穿透而行的方式,不附着于墙壁等任何地方。“以作意而完成预备行”,指具神通者,对欲往之处作意,以“愿成虚空,愿成虚空”这般完成预备行。依于墙壁、山等,以阳性词说“有孔、有洞”。纵向延伸的间隙为“孔”,横向延伸的为“洞”。
392.Alaggamānoti vinivijjhitvā gamanena kuṭṭādīsu katthaci na laggamāno. Āvajjitvā kataparikammenāti yassa parato gantukāmo, taṃ āvajjitvā ‘‘ākāso hotu, ākāso hotū’’ti evaṃ kataparikammena iddhimatā. Pākārapabbatāpekkhāya ‘‘susiro, chiddo’’ti ca pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Ubbedhavasena pavattaṃ vivaraṃ susiraṃ. Tiriyaṃ pavattaṃ chiddaṃ.
“于任何遍处完成预备行”,即于地遍等任意遍处,入禅定完成预备行后,应决意“愿成虚空”。于此说明了原因:“唯八等至自在为准则”。因此,所欲皆成。由此显示:于地中出没时,入水遍并非必由之路;于水中等处造地时,入地遍亦非绝对必须。此处所说,是在穿墙等神变的施行中,须说入虚空遍,因其相应。如此行已,正如“以虚空遍令被遮蔽者开显”等语所说,以地遍而有的“一身成多身”等状态,以及“于虚空或水中造地后,欲以足行走”等,《杂论》中所说,亦皆得以成立。
Yattha katthaci kasiṇe parikammaṃ katvāti pathavīkasiṇādīsu yattha katthaci kasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā parikammaṃ katvā ‘‘ākāso hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhātabbo. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘aṭṭhasamāpattivasībhāvoyeva pamāṇa’’nti. Tasmā yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ tadeva hoti. Etena pathaviyā ummujjananimujjane āpokasiṇasamāpajjanaṃ, udakādīsu pathavīnimmāne pathavīkasiṇasamāpajjanaṃ na ekantato icchitabbanti vuttaṃ hoti. Etanti etaṃ tirokuṭṭādigamanapāṭihāriyakaraṇe ākāsakasiṇasamāpajjanaṃ avassaṃ vattabbaṃ anucchavikabhāvato. Evañca katvā ‘‘ākāsakasiṇavasena paṭicchannānaṃ vivaṭakaraṇa’’ntiādivacanaṃ viya pathavīkasiṇavasena ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’tiādibhāvo ‘‘ākāse vā udake vā pathaviṃ nimminitvā padasā gamanaṃ icchatī’’tiādinā yaṃ pakiṇṇakanaye vuttaṃ, tampi samatthitaṃ hoti.
“无过失”:此乃坚固之意,如同说“两次系缚”即是牢固系缚。如此说已,为显示并无此必要,而说“再入定”等。由于已决意,虚空即为虚空;纵使中间有山等障碍现前,亦因已决意“愿为虚空”,彼处确成虚空。为显此亦唯是假立无有之处,实无彼现前,故说“中间”等。
‘‘Doso natthī’’ti dvikkhattuṃ baddhaṃ subaddhaṃ viya daḷhīkaraṇaṃ nāma hotīti adhippāyena vatvā tena payojanābhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘puna samāpajjitvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Adhiṭṭhitattā ākāso hotiyevāti sacepi kiñci antarā upaṭṭhitaṃ pabbatādi siyā, tampi ‘‘ākāso hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhitattā ākāso hotiyeva. Idampi aṭṭhānaparikappanamattaṃ, tādisassa upaṭṭhānameva natthīti dassetuṃ ‘‘antarā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
393393.“限定后”:以智慧划定所愿之处后。“于此”:即在此地成为水的决意处,此是阐明前说修行方法的圣典。后文“于此有此圣典”出现之处,亦应依此理趣而解。
393.Paricchinditvāti yathicchitaṭṭhānaṃ ñāṇena paricchinditvā. Tatrāti tasmiṃ pathaviyā udakabhāvādhiṭṭhāne ayaṃ yathāvuttapaṭipattivibhāvinī pāḷi. Parato ‘‘tatrāyaṃ pāḷī’’ti āgataṭṭhānesupi iminā nayena attho veditabbo.
“他”指具神通者。于决意时,作时间限定而后决意,因此说“然而超过所限定时之后”。原本的水,乃非由神通变化而成之水。
Soti iddhimā. Adhiṭṭhānakāle kālaparicchedaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhātīti vuttaṃ ‘‘paricchinnakālaṃ pana atikkamitvā’’ti. Pakatiyā udakaṃ animmānaudakaṃ.
394“相反”是指,踩踏于水上行而不沉没,应知此是通过神通变化地大而成就。“地遍”即地遍禅定。
394.Viparītanti yaṃ udakaṃ akkamitvā akkamanto na saṃsīdati, taṃ panettha iddhiyā pathavīnimmānavasena veditabbaṃ. Pathavīkasiṇanti pathavīkasiṇajjhānaṃ.
395“结跏趺坐”,即从四周紧束大腿的坐姿。断翅或未生翅的鸟无法飞行,因此巴利经文中以“有翼”一词加以区别,而称为“有翼之鸟”,故此处说“以翼具足之鸟”。“遍作”,即作“令地现起”的遍作。
395.Pallaṅkanti samantato ūrubaddhāsanaṃ. Chinnapakkho, asañjātapakkho vā sakuṇo ḍetuṃ na sakkotīti pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘pakkhī sakuṇo’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.11) pakkhī-saddena visesetvā sakuṇo vuttoti ‘‘pakkhehi yuttasakuṇo’’ti āha. Parikammaṃ katvāti ‘‘pathavī hotū’’ti parikammaṃ katvā.
“于空中、于虚空”,是指于称为虚空的空中。凡任何没有障碍之处,都称为“空”。而此具神通者,并非在贴近地面的空中行走,而是行于鸟类也到达不了的地方,那样的处所在世间即称为“虚空”。因此说“于称为虚空的空中”。
Ākāse antalikkheti antalikkhasaññite ākāse. Yattha yattha hi āvaraṇaṃ natthi, taṃ taṃ ‘‘ākāsa’’nti vuccati. Ayañca iddhimā na pathaviyā āsanne ākāse gacchati. Yattha pana pakkhīnaṃ agocaro, tattha gacchati, tādisañca loke ‘‘antalikkha’’nti vuccati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘antalikkhasaññite ākāse’’ti.
“长老”指前文所述的三藏小无畏长老。“入等至之入”即再次进入等至。难道他的心不是已经等持了吗?意思是:以神通神变而转起的心,乃是极度等持的,不像其他时候那样不等持。然而这只是长老个人的见解。因为先前是入了地遍之后,决意依地而行,而此处需要的是虚空,所以必须入虚空遍。因此才说“虽然”等。应依穿壁神变中所说的方法而行,意思是:如同在那里,通过决意“令墙壁等成为虚空”而化为虚空,同样地,这里也应通过决意将山、树等变为虚空而行。或者,依穿壁神变中所说的方法,即如那里所说的“若那位比丘在决意而行时”等方法。以此表明:仅凭先前的决意之力,途中便不会现起另一座山或树等障碍——像这样由龙等制造的障碍,并不会造成通行的障碍。
Theroti pubbe vutta tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero. Samāpattisamāpajjananti puna samāpattisamāpajjanaṃ. Nanu samāhitamevassa cittanti iddhimato pāṭihāriyavasena pavattamānassa cittaṃ accantaṃ samāhitameva hoti, na aññadā viya asamāhitanti adhippāyo. Taṃ pana therassa matimattaṃ. Pubbe hi pathavīkasiṇaṃ samāpajjitvā pathaviṃ adhiṭṭhāya gacchati, idāni pana ākāso icchitabbo, tasmā ākāsakasiṇaṃ samāpajjitabbameva. Tenāha ‘‘kiñcāpī’’tiādi. Tirokuṭṭapāṭihāriyevuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbanti yathā tattha kuṭṭādi ‘‘ākāso hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhānena ākāso hoti, evaṃ idhāpi pabbatarukkhādiṃ adhiṭṭhānena ākāsaṃ katvā gantabbanti attho. Atha vā tirokuṭṭapāṭihāriye vuttanayenevāti ‘‘sace panassa bhikkhuno adhiṭṭhahitvā gacchantassā’’tiādinā (visuddhi. 2.392) tattha vuttanayena. Etena ‘‘purimādhiṭṭhānabaleneva cassa antarā añño pabbato vā rukkho vā utumayo uṭṭhahissatīti aṭṭhānameveta’’nti nāgādīhi kayiramāno vibandho gamanantarāyaṃ na karotīti dasseti.
“空闲处”指远离人烟、适宜之处。“这位沙门是虚空行者”便广为人知。
Okāseti janavivitte yuttaṭṭhāne. Pākaṭo hoti ākāsacārī ayaṃ samaṇoti.
396四万二千由旬的取量,是依第一劫而说;此后,随着大地逐渐升高,可能会减少若干由旬,但少许的增减不成为计数对象,故如此说。于三洲中,同一刹那遍照光明:当太阳在某洲正中时,从此处向前方落下的同时,于后方升起而作光明。又因能压倒其他光明,且难以直视,故有大威力。因能止息众生的寒热之苦,并能滋养药草、树木,故有大威神力。“触”即接触。“抚摸”即来回移动手而摩擦。唯依神通的基础禅那,即依任何人的神通基础禅那。此“唯”字排除了基础禅那的差别,而非排除决意。因此说“此处没有所缘遍等至的限定”。意思是:不似穿壁神变等那样,必须入了某个特定的遍禅之后才能决意,这里没有任何限定。正如巴利文中未提及任何等至,而说“在此,那位具神通者”等。“在手可及处”指如所说的“日月”那样的日月轮。“色聚在手可及处”指色聚位于手可及之处,或伸出手而触摸,这是连句。
396.Dvācattālīsayojanasahassaggahaṇaṃ paṭhamakappavasena kataṃ, tato paraṃ pana anukkamena pathaviyā ussitabhāvena tato katipayayojanūnatā siyā, appakaṃ adhikaṃ vā ūnaṃ vā gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti tathā vuttaṃ. Tīsu dīpesu ekakkhaṇe ālokakaraṇenāti yadā yasmiṃ dīpe majjhe tiṭṭhanti, tadā tato purimasmiṃ atthaṃ gacchantā pacchime udentā hutvā ālokakaraṇena. Aññajotīnaṃ vā abhibhavanena, duddasatāya ca mahiddhike. Sattānaṃ sītapariḷāhavūpasamanena, osadhitiṇavanappatīnaṃ paribrūhanena ca mahānubhāve. Chupatīti phusati. Parimajjatīti hatthaṃ ito cito ca sañcārento ghaṃseti. Abhiññāpādakajjhānavasenevāti yassa kassaci abhiññāpādakajjhānavasena. Eva-kārena pādakajjhānavisesaṃ nivatteti, na adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘natthettha kasiṇasamāpattiniyamo’’ti. Tirokuṭṭapāṭihāriyādīsu viya imasmiṃ nāma kasiṇe jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā adhiṭṭhātabbanti na ettha koci niyamo atthīti attho. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ kiñci samāpattiṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘idha so iddhimā’’tiādi (paṭi. ma. 3.10-11) vuttaṃ. Hatthapāse hoti ‘‘candimasūriye’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ candimasūriyamaṇḍalaṃ. Rūpagataṃ hatthapāseti hatthapāse ṭhitaṃ rūpagataṃ, hatthapāse vā rūpagataṃ. Hatthaṃ vā vaḍḍhetvā parāmasatīti yojanā.
此言依执受之物而令非执受之物增长。但依理而言,此处也可见执受之物的增长迹象。当执受之物使自己变得微小或巨大时,既可减损,亦可增长。如同尊者大目犍连调伏难陀乌巴难达龙王之事。为引述有实例的上座部传统以阐明其义,便说“三藏小龙长老说”等语。难道不是吗?确有此事,此即其意。因为两个否定词可恢复本义。“彼时变得巨大,如大目犍连长老一般”,这是就增大的情况而言,此处也可变得微小。
Upādinnakaṃ nissāya anupādinnakassa vaḍḍhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Yuttiyā panettha upādinnakassapi vaḍḍhanacchāyā dissati. Attano aṇumahantabhāvāpādane upādinnakassa hāpanaṃ viya vaḍḍhanampi labbhateva. Yathā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa nandopanandadamaneti evaṃ pavattaṃ sahavatthunā theravādaṃ āharitvā tamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero āhā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Kiṃ pana na hoti, hotiyevāti adhippāyo. Dve hi paṭisedhā pakatiṃ gamentīti. ‘‘Tadā mahantaṃ hoti mahāmoggallānattherassa viyā’’ti idaṃ yathādhikatatthadassanavasena vuttaṃ, khuddakabhāvāpādanampettha labbhateva.
难达伍波难达龙调伏故事之注释
Nandopanandanāgadamanakathāvaṇṇanā
他依照诸佛所行而观察:“此人是否具有得度的因缘?”针对世间对三宝净信之相——即进入教法之机缘,而说“未净信”。其意是:应令其从邪见中分离出来,而生起净信。因此说:“谁能……将其分离出来呢?”
Olokesi buddhāciṇṇavasena ‘‘atthi nu kho assa upanissayo’’ti. Lokiyaṃ ratanattaye pasādalakkhaṇaṃ sāsanāvatāraṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘appasanno’’ti. Micchādiṭṭhito vivecetvā pasādetabboti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘ko nu kho…pe… viveceyyā’’ti.
“那一天”指世尊由比丘僧团围绕,面向三十三天界而去的那一日的那个时分。“他们准备了宴饮之处”指他坐着用斋的地方,即那个侍奉之所,他们通过洒扫、铺设、陈设餐具等而加以预备、安排。“以三种戏剧”指分别扮演新娘、少女、童女三种角色的演员。“正在观看”即注视,或环视。
Taṃ divasanti yadā bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto tāvatiṃsabhavanābhimukho gacchati, taṃ divasabhāgaṃ. Āpānabhūmiṃ sajjayiṃsūti yattha so nisinno bhojanakiccaṃ karoti, taṃ parivesanaṭṭhānaṃ sittaṃ sammaṭṭhaṃ bhojanūpakaraṇūpanayanādinā sajjayiṃsu paṭiyādesuṃ. Tividhanāṭakehīti vadhūkumārikaññāvatthāhi tividhāhi nāṭakitthīhi. Olokayamānoti pekkhanto, vicārento vā.
“上上”是指顶上之顶。“以宫殿”是指宫殿所在之处。“以龙身”是指以身体盘卷的方式。“以覆蔽”是指以向下覆盖的方式。“执取”是指完全包绕,使三十三天界不留下任何部分。
Uparūparīti matthakamatthake. Bhavanenāti bhavanapadesena. Bhogehīti sarīrabhogehi. Avakujjenāti nikujjitena. Gahetvāti yathā tāvatiṃsabhavanassa padesopi nāvasissati, evaṃ pariyādāya.
“须弥山的环绕带”指须弥山的腰带。据说,须弥山周围有厚度与宽度各为五千由旬的四条环绕带,由龙、金翅鸟、鸠槃荼、夜叉为守护三十三天界而住。这些带因同属环绕带,故合称为“环绕带”。据说它们占据了须弥山的一半。
Sineruparibhaṇḍanti sinerumekhalaṃ. Sinerussa kira samantato bahalato, puthulato ca pañcayojanasahassaparimāṇāni cattāri paribhaṇḍāni tāvatiṃsabhavanassa ārakkhāya nāgehi, garuḷehi, kumbhaṇḍehi, yakkhehi ca adhiṭṭhitāni, tāni paribhaṇḍabhāvasāmaññena ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘paribhaṇḍa’’nti vuttaṃ. Tehi kira sinerussa upaḍḍhaṃ pariyādinnaṃ.
“舍弃自身”指使人的形相消失。“压迫”指仅仅造成疲劳。
Attabhāvaṃ vijahitvāti manussarūpaṃ antaradhāpetvā. Bādhatīti khedamattaṃ uppādeti.
“舍弃了自身”是指舍弃了龙身,而以细微身像化现而成。“张开嘴”是指“我要吞食进入口中的沙门”。“东边和西边”这一说法,是由于龙那样躺卧之故。为了妥善地令正念现前,而说“你要作意”。
Attabhāvaṃ vijahitvāti sukhumattabhāvanimmānena nāgarūpaṃ vijahitvā. Mukhaṃ vivari ‘‘mukhagataṃ samaṇaṃ saṃkhādissāmī’’ti. Pācīnena ca pacchimena cāti nāgassa tathānipannattā vuttaṃ. Suṭṭhu satiyā paccupaṭṭhāpanatthamāha ‘‘manasi karohī’’ti.
“从最初起的一切神变”,是就那时长老所行的神变而言。而所谓“这个处所”,是指释放鼻息的原因。
Āditopaṭṭhāya sabbapāṭihāriyānīti tadā therena katapāṭihāriyāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. Imaṃ pana ṭhānanti imaṃ nāsāvātavissajjanakāraṇaṃ.
“追随”是指,因为恐惧而心想“不可能反击这位具大神力的沙门”,于是追随那正在逃跑之人。
Anubandhīti ‘‘na sakkā evaṃmahiddhikassa imassa samaṇassa paṭipaharitu’’nti bhayena palāyantaṃ anubandhi.
“单一排列”意指以一排列而无间断。“正是此”指依执取色而生起非执取色的增长,此即“正是此”。于此处,如手增长等神变,其合理性在于:从心或时节所生的非执取色,不会生起执取色。或者,“执取”指整个有根身。即使如此,那样的增长亦不合理,应依前述方式理解其增长。在同一相续中,执取色与非执取色虽似混杂而转,然就真实义而言,二者并未相混。其中,犹如在一斗左右的乳中倒入数斗水,乳虽与全部水相混,似遍满一切而存在,但乳未增长,唯有水增长;同样,虽执取色与非执取色似混杂而转,执取色并未增长,应知由神通威力令心生色增长,随其而生起的时节生色亦随之增长。
Ekapaṭipāṭiyāti ekāya paṭipāṭiyā, nirantaranti attho. Ayamevāti yā upādinnakaṃ nissāya anupādinnakassa vaḍḍhi, ayameva. Ettha edise hatthavaḍḍhanādipāṭihāriye yutti yuttarūpā cittato, ututo vā upādinnakarūpānaṃ anuppajjanato. Atha vā upādinnanti sakalameva indriyabaddhaṃ adhippetaṃ. Evampi tassa tathā vaḍḍhi na yujjati evāti vuttanayeneva vaḍḍhi veditabbā. Ekasantāne upādinnaṃ, anupādinnañca sambhinnaṃ viya pavattamānampi atthato asambhinnameva. Tattha yathā āḷhakamatte khīre anekāḷhake udake āsitte yadipi khīraṃ sabbena sambhinnaṃ sabbatthakameva lambamānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhati, tathāpi na tattha khīraṃ vaḍḍhati, udakameva vaḍḍhati, evamevaṃ yadipi upādinnaṃ anupādinnañca sambhinnaṃ viya pavattati, tathāpi upādinnaṃ na vaḍḍhati, iddhānubhāvena cittajaṃ, tadanusārena utujañca vaḍḍhatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“他”指那位具神通者。“这样作了”指以所述方式令手增长,或令他们前来住于伸手可及之处。脚站立等亦应依所述方式理解。另一位具神通者。“就在那里”指如行神变之前一般。“那有如此的譬喻”:譬如众多盛满水的不同容器中,显现众多不同的月轮,月轮的运行等并不会因此受阻,且各自的众多显现得以成就;同样,此神变亦复如是,因为日月运行等无所障碍,且众多具神通者于彼处各随所乐而成就神通变化。此是其意旨。
Soti so iddhimā. Evaṃ katvāti vuttākārena hatthaṃ vā vaḍḍhetvā te vā āgantvā hatthapāse ṭhite katvā. Pādaṭṭhapanādipi vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Aparopi iddhimā. Tathevāti pāṭihāriyakaraṇato pubbe viya. Tathūpamametanti yathā udakapuṇṇāsu nānāpātīsu bahūhi nānācandamaṇḍalesu dissamānesu na tena candamaṇḍalassa gamanādiuparodho, bahūnañca paccekaṃ dassanaṃ ijjhati, tathūpamametaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ gamanādiuparodhābhāvato, bahūnañca iddhimantānaṃ tattha iddhipayogassa yathicchitaṃ samijjhanatoti adhippāyo.
397“作了限定”是以周遍含摄的方式而作限定,并非以界限的方式。如此,他在梵天界以自身而自在转起。“圣典”指《无碍解道》之文。
397.Paricchedaṃ katvāti abhividhivasena pana paricchedaṃ katvā, na mariyādavasena. Tathā hesa brahmaloke attano kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Pāḷīti paṭisambhidāmaggapāḷi.
“乃至梵天界,也以身令自在”一句中,此处并非唯指前往梵天界,也不仅是前往梵天界而已,而是另有其他含义。说“乃至梵天界”是举远界为例,因此在说明“若欲往梵天界”之后,为兼明其余,复言“于近处也决意远处”等。其中,“也”字含摄入之义,由此当知,它摄尽了一切余应由决意神通所成就者,并非只摄已说之义。
Yāvabrahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetīti ettha yasmā na brahmalokasseva gamanaṃ adhippetaṃ, nāpi brahmalokassa gamanameva, atha kho aññathā aññampi. Yāva brahmalokāti pana dūrāvadhinidassanametaṃ, tasmā ‘‘sace brahmalokaṃ gantukāmā hotī’’ti vatvāpi itarampi dassetuṃ ‘‘santikepi dūre adhiṭṭhātī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha pi-saddo samuccayattho, tena vuttāvasesassa adhiṭṭhāniddhiyā nipphādetabbassa sabbassāpi saṅgaho, na vuttassevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“在双神变结束时”等语句,是说明三步跨行由决意神通所成就;而在其他处,则说的是相好与利益。此二义,应当像这样审察把握:它们既互为表里,又互不相违。
Yamakapāṭihāriyāvasānetiādinā tivikkamassa adhiṭṭhāniddhinipphannatā vuttā, aññattha pana lakkhaṇānisaṃsatā. Tadubhayaṃ yathā aññamaññaṃ na virujjhati, tathā vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.
“蓝水渠”,即呈蓝色之水的沟渠。
Nīlamātikanti nīlavaṇṇodakamātikaṃ.
“大菩提”指无敌的金刚座,即大菩提。“心生起时作于近处”,是说心念生起之刹那,他便将大地与海洋收摄,作于大菩提近处。
Mahābodhinti aparājitapallaṅkaṃ mahābodhiṃ. Citte uppanne santike akāsīti tathā cittuppattisamanantarameva pathaviṃ, samuddañca saṃkhipitvā mahābodhisantike akāsi.
“星宿日”指大节日。“月饼”指像月亮、呈月轮形状的饼。“只作了满一钵的量”,指他如此造作,使得这些饼无论大小还是形状,都正好容纳在一钵之内。
Nakkhattadivaseti mahadivase. Candapūveti candasadise candamaṇḍalākāre pūve. Ekapattapūramattamakāsīti yathā te pamāṇato sarūpeneva antopattapariyāpannā honti, tathā akāsi.
在乌鸦供品的事中,应引“世尊作了少,也作了多”一句来连结。为略示其事,而说“据说大迦叶尊者”等语。“以等至”,指以灭尽等至。
Kākavaliyavatthusmiñca ‘‘bhagavā thokaṃ bahuṃ akāsī’’ti ānetvā sambandhitabbaṃ. Taṃ pana vatthuṃ saṅkhepatova dassetuṃ ‘‘mahākassapatthero kirā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Samāpattiyāti nirodhasamāpattiyā.
“在恒河岸边”指在铜掌岛(锡兰)的恒河岸边。“给与想”指他给与了那样的想:令他们看见如其所决意的酥油。
Gaṅgātīreti tambapaṇṇidīpe gaṅgānadiyā tīre. Saññaṃ adāsīti yathā te yathādhiṭṭhitaṃ sappiṃ passanti, tathā saññaṃ adāsi.
“他的”指他欲见那位梵天的色身,便见到那位梵天的色身。“听到声音”指以天耳界听到梵天的声音。“了知心”指以他心通了知梵天的心。“依于业生身”指依于四大种所造色身。关于“心转变”,问:“那是什么心?如何转变?”答:“取基础禅心,安置于身上。”又问:“如何安置于身上?”答:“令随顺于身。”为了遮破“声音迟钝如箭”的说法,而说“迟钝而行”。“作”(迟钝而行)是与此相连的。因为身的行进是迟钝的,以迟钝的四大种为缘,这是意旨。此处意思是:瑜伽行者以可见之身、欲前往的意欲而转变心,入基础禅那后出定,作意:“愿此心如身一样迟钝而行。”正是针对那样的作意,说为“取基础禅心”。作意之后,再入定,以智决意时,便将心安置于身,使之随顺于身、迟钝而行。
Tassāti yassa brahmuno rūpaṃ daṭṭhukāmo, tassa brahmuno rūpaṃ passati. Saddaṃ suṇātīti dibbāya sotadhātuyā brahmuno saddaṃ suṇāti. Cittaṃ pajānātīti cetopariyañāṇena brahmuno cittaṃ pajānāti. Karajakāyassa vasenāti cātumahābhūtikarūpakāyassa vasena. ‘‘Cittaṃ pariṇāmetī’’ti ettha kiṃ taṃ cittaṃ, kathaṃ vā pariṇāmananti āha ‘‘pādakajjhānacittaṃ gahetvā kāye āropetī’’ti. Kathaṃ pana kāye āropetīti āha ‘‘kāyānugatikaṃ karotī’’ti. Evampi saddadandharovāyanti vacanapathaṃ pacchindanto āha ‘‘dandhagamana’’nti. Karotīti sambandho. Kāyagamanaṃ hi dandhaṃ, dandhamahābhūtapaccayattāti adhippāyo. Ayañhettha attho – dissamānena kāyena gantukāmatāya vasena cittaṃ pariṇāmento yogī pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ cittaṃ kāyo viya dandhagamanaṃ hotū’’ti parikammaṃ karoti. Tathā parikammakaraṇaṃ hi sandhāya ‘‘pādakajjhānacittaṃ gahetvā’’ti vuttaṃ. Parikammaṃ pana katvā puna samāpajjitvā ñāṇena adhiṭṭhahanto taṃ cittaṃ kāye āropeti, kāyānugatikaṃ dandhagamanaṃ karoti.
“乐想”指与乐俱行的想,这是以想为首而作的说明。因轻快而被认知,故为“轻想”。然而,神通心如何能与乐想共存?答:“所谓乐想,是与舍俱行的想。”或者,因被认知为乐,故为“乐想”。因此说:“舍被说为寂静之乐。”为了显示心与心所的轻快——其因在于脱离极为沉重的盖障,以及脱离粗重、不寂静的寻等,而说:“正是那个……应被了知。”“入于彼者”,即达到那种乐轻想的人。“彼”指瑜伽行者。在此,仅欲往之想便是标准:此处以可见之身行走时,对于欲往之处,仅以欲往之想而生起的遍作与决意即为标准,仅凭此便能成就行走。因此,即使没有道路的化现、风界的决意,也能到达所欲之处。现在,为了更清楚地阐明此义,而说“若有念……”等。
Sukhasaññanti sukhasahagataṃ saññaṃ, saññāsīsena niddeso. Lahubhāvena saññātanti lahusaññaṃ. Kathaṃ pana iddhicittena saha sukhasaññāya sambhavoti āha ‘‘sukhasaññā nāma upekkhāsampayuttā saññā’’ti. Sukhanti saññātanti vā sukhasaññaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘upekkhā hi santaṃ sukhanti vuttā’’ti ekantagarukehi nīvaraṇehi, oḷārikehi anupasantasabhāvehi ca vitakkādīhi vippayogo cittacetasikānaṃ lahubhāvassa kāraṇanti dassento āha ‘‘sāyeva…pe… veditabbā’’ti. Taṃ okkantassāti taṃ sukhalahusaññaṃ anuppattassa. Assāti yogino. Gantukāmatā eva ettha pamāṇanti ettha etasmiṃ dissamānena kāyena gamane yaṃ ṭhānaṃ gantukāmo, taṃ uddissa gantukāmatāvasena pavattaparikammādhiṭṭhānāni eva pamāṇaṃ, tāvatā gamanaṃ ijjhati. Tasmā magganimmānavāyuadhiṭṭhānehi vināpi icchitadesappatti hotīti. Idāni tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ ‘‘sati hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
“执取身”,就是以遍作心执取业生身,将其作为所缘。“置于心上”,则是将其置于根本禅心上,令身随此心而转,即“令此身如此心一样”。因此说“令身随心而转,速疾而行”。“心行”,指心的运作。然而,这是依于心而转变身的神变。所谓“心行而已”,也就是与心同行而已。问:身是迟钝地运作,如何能与迅速转变的心同行?并非完全同行。正如依身转变心时,心并非完全与身同行。因为那时,心并未舍弃其自性刹那,而是依沉重色法的刹那运作。然而,通过决意“令此心如此身一样”,由于迟钝的身随顺而行,直至到达所欲之处,心便随顺身行,以相续的方式运作,这称为心被身行所转变。同样,通过决意“令此身如此心一样”,由于先前已以乐轻之想修习,身便不像未修习神足者那样迟钝地运作,而是仅以少数轻快的心转向,便能到达所欲之处;如此运作的身,称为被心行所转变,并非仅凭一心刹那便到达所欲之处。
Kāyaṃ gahetvāti karajakāyaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena parikammacittena gahetvā. Citte āropetīti ‘‘ayaṃ kāyo idaṃ cittaṃ viya hotū’’ti pādakajjhānacitte āropeti taggatikaṃ karoti. Tenāha ‘‘cittānugatikaṃ karoti sīghagamana’’nti. Cittagamananti cittappavattimāha. Idaṃ pana cittavasena kāyapariṇāmanapāṭihāriyaṃ. Cittagamanamevāti cittena samānagamanameva. Kathaṃ pana kāyo dandhappavattiko lahuparivattinā cittena samānagatiko hotīti? Na sabbathā samānagatiko. Yatheva hi kāyavasena cittapariṇāmane cittaṃ sabbathā kāyena samānagatikaṃ na hoti. Na hi tadā cittaṃ sabhāvasiddhena attano khaṇena avattitvā garuvuttikassa rūpadhammassa khaṇena vattati. ‘‘Idaṃ cittaṃ ayaṃ kāyo viya hotū’’ti pana adhiṭṭhānena dandhagatikassa kāyassa anuvattanato yāva icchitaṭṭhānappatti, tāva kāyagatianulomeneva hutvā santānavasena pavattamānaṃ cittaṃ kāyagatiyā pariṇāmitaṃ nāma hoti, evaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ kāyo idaṃ cittaṃ viya hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhānena pageva sukhalahusaññāya sampāditattā abhāvitiddhipādānaṃ viya dandhaṃ avattitvā yathā lahukatipayacittavāreheva icchitaṭṭhānappatti hoti, evaṃ pavattamāno kāyo cittagatiyā pariṇāmito nāma hoti, na ekacittakkhaṇeneva icchitaṭṭhānappattiyā.
如此而作之后,“犹如力士屈伸其臂”这一譬喻之言,便完全合理地确立了。而且必须如此接受,否则便会与经藏、论藏之文以及律藏注释相违,法性也会被颠倒。因为“诸比丘,我不见其他一法……”(增支部1.11等)中,“其他”一词即指色法,因其并非轻快地转变。在阿毗达摩(发趣论1.1.10-11)中,前生缘唯说色法,后生缘亦唯说彼。诸法于何处生起,便于彼处坏灭,无有迁移他处,自性亦不变异。因为,以神通力,不能令诸法的任何特相改变,只能令其状态改变。“于三刹那中”这一说法,是就行走的开始而言,并非指行走的完成,诸师如此说。“长老”,是注释师中的一位长老。“于此”,是指在这段分别解说此神变的文中。由于说到“往梵天界”,故仅提及自行前往之义。
Evañca katvā ‘‘seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyyā’’ti idampi upamāvacanaṃ nippariyāyeneva samatthitaṃ hoti. Avassaṃ cetaṃ evaṃ sampaṭicchitabbaṃ, aññathā suttābhidhammapāṭhehi, vinayaaṭṭhakathāya ca virodho siyā, dhammatā ca vilomitā. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampī’’ti (a. ni. 1.11 ādayo) hi ettha aññagahaṇena rūpadhammā gahitā alahuparivattitāya. Abhidhamme (paṭṭhā. 1.1.10-11) ca purejātapaccayo rūpameva vutto, pacchājātapaccayo ca tasseva. Yattha yattha ca dhammā uppajjanti, tattha tattheva bhijjanti. Natthi desantarasaṅkamanaṃ, na ca sabhāvo aññathā hotīti. Na hi iddhibalena dhammānaṃ kenaci lakkhaṇaṃ aññathattaṃ kātuṃ sakkā, bhāvaññathattameva pana kātuṃ sakkā. ‘‘Tīsupi khaṇesū’’ti idampi gamanārambhaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na gamananiṭṭhānanti vadanti. Theroti aṭṭhakathācariyānaṃ antare eko thero. Idhāti idaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ vibhajitvā vuttapāṭhe. Sayaṃ gamanameva āgataṃ ‘‘brahmalokaṃ gacchatī’’ti vuttattā.
“眼耳等”,指眼、耳等诸根。如说“一切肢节”,即具足一切肢节之义。所谓“净色根不存在”,应知这是说命根与性根也不存在。“随其所欲”,即随其意愿。“其他”,是指除了世尊所作之外,还作其他之事。而此中所显,是佛的威力。若问:如果声闻所化现的并无种种差别,那么前文所说“若欲化作种种颜色……”等,又如何成立?答:那是针对通过种种遍作而决意者,其种种颜色、年龄等差别随遍作而成就,因此这样说。而此处是要显示此义:在已决意的化现色中,若声闻想令其“具有这些差别”,则不能成就;但于诸佛,则能成就。故无任何相违。
Cakkhusotādīnanti cakkhusotādīnaṃ aṅgānaṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbaṅgapaccaṅga’’nti, sabbaaṅgapaccaṅgavantanti attho. Pasādo nāma natthīti imināva bhāvajīvitindriyānampi abhāvo vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Rucivasenāti icchāvasena. Aññampīti bhagavatā kariyamānato aññampi kiriyaṃ karoti. Ayañcettha buddhānubhāvo. Yadi sāvakanimmitesu nānappakāratā natthi, ‘‘sace pana nānāvaṇṇe kātukāmo hotī’’tiādi yaṃ heṭṭhā vuttaṃ, taṃ kathanti? Taṃ tathā tathā parikammaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhahantassa te te vaṇṇavayādivisesā parikammānurūpaṃ ijjhantīti katvā vuttaṃ. Idha pana yathādhiṭṭhite nimmitarūpe sace sāvako ‘‘ime visesā hontū’’ti icchati, na ijjhati, buddhānaṃ pana ijjhatīti ayamattho dassitoti na koci virodho.
今为显示“以身自在转”这一达至顶峰的神通,即依“乃至梵天界,以身得自在转”等巴利文句,以阐明义理的方式所分别的“于远亦于近作意”等十四种神通中,最为殊胜者,故开示“此处且”等语。其中,“yanti”是对于动作的指称,由此应知,它指代了“见色”中的见色动作、“闻声”中的闻声动作、“了知心”中的了知心动作,即由天眼、天耳、他心智所造作的见、闻、了知之动作。此后于“站立”等词句中,道理亦然。“Yampissāti”即“yampi assa”,意为“凡他的彼”,与“瑜伽行者的作意”相连属。而“Yañca kho”中的“kho”字乃限定或强调之义,以此表明,在此以身自在转神通中,此作意最为殊胜。何以故?因有些梵天会生起“此是神通者,此是化作者”的疑惑。而且,从这种作意被特别称为“意所成”之际,当知其最为殊胜。故说“至此,名为以身得自在转”。若尔,为何此处还包含了其余的神通?答:“其余者……乃至……已说”。
Idāni yāni tāni ‘‘yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.10) pāḷiyā atthadassanavasena vibhattāni ‘‘dūrepi santike adhiṭṭhātī’’tiādīni cuddasa pāṭihāriyāni , tattha sikhāppattaṃ kāyena vasavattanapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ettha cā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha yanti kiriyāparāmasanaṃ, tena ‘‘rūpaṃ passatī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ rūpadassanaṃ, ‘‘saddaṃ suṇātī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ saddasavanaṃ, ‘‘cittaṃ pajānātī’’ti ettha yadetaṃ cittajānananti evaṃ dibbacakkhusotacetopariyañāṇakattukaṃ dassanasavanajānanakiriyaṃ parāmasatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ito paresu santiṭṭhatītiādīsupi eseva nayo. Yampissāti yampi assa. Yogino adhiṭṭhānanti sambandho. Yañca khoti ettha kho-saddo avadhāraṇattho, visesattho vā, tena ayamevettha kāyena vasavattanapāṭihāriyesu ukkaṭṭhataranti dīpeti. Kasmā? ‘‘Ayaṃ nu kho iddhimā, ayaṃ nu kho nimmito’’ti ekaccassa brahmuno āsaṅkuppādanato. Yadaggena cetaṃ adhiṭṭhitaṃ visesato manomayanti vuccati, tadaggena ukkaṭṭhataranti veditabbaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘ettāvatā kāyena vasaṃ vatteti nāmā’’ti. Yadi evaṃ kasmā idha sesāni gahitānīti āha ‘‘sesaṃ…pe… vutta’’nti.
398此为差别:虽然这两种神通也仅依作意而成就,但如今所要说的,是它们之间的差异,即特殊之处。“舍弃了本来的颜色”:即舍弃、移除自己本来的形貌,令他者不得见之义。“童子色”:即童子之形态。“显示”:即如此变化而于自身显现。“或龙色”等,例此可知。“也显示象”:即把自己变成象来显示,亦于外部显现象。正是为了表达此义,此处才不说“显示象色”,而说“也显示象”。然而,有些人说,外部显示象等之说,与“舍弃了本来的颜色”这句话,在变化神通的体性上是相违的,此说不合道理。何以故?所谓“舍弃本来的颜色”,是指不令他人看见自己本来的形貌,并非将其彻底断灭。既然如此,当他不显示自身而于外部显现象时,说“舍弃了本来的颜色而显示象”,有何相违?至于他自己变成象色,又于外部显现象时,就更无矛盾可言了。因此他说:“是依凭于外部显现象等的方式而说的”。作此理解,便与变化神通的体性毫无相违了。
398.Idaṃ nānākaraṇanti kāmamimāpi dve iddhiyo adhiṭṭhānavaseneva ijjhanti, tathāpi idaṃ idāni vuccamānaṃ imāsaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ viseso. Pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvāti attano pakatirūpaṃ vijahitvā apanetvā, paresaṃ adassetvāti attho. Kumārakavaṇṇanti kumārakasaṇṭhānaṃ. Dassetīti tathā vikubbanto attani dasseti. Nāgavaṇṇaṃ vātiādīsupi eseva nayo. Hatthimpi dassetīti attānampi hatthiṃ katvā dasseti, bahiddhāpi hatthiṃ dasseti. Etadatthameva hi idha ‘‘hatthivaṇṇaṃ vā dassetī’’ti avatvā ‘‘hatthimpi dassetī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 3.13) vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana keci bahiddhā hatthiādidassanavacanaṃ ‘‘pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā’’ti vacanena vikubbaniddhibhāvena virujjhatīti vadanti, tadayuttaṃ. Kasmā? Pakativaṇṇavijahanaṃ nāma attano pakatirūpassa aññesaṃ adassanaṃ, na sabbena sabbaṃ tassa nirodhanaṃ. Evaṃ sati attānaṃ adassetvā bahiddhā hatthiṃ dassento ‘‘pakativaṇṇaṃ vijahitvā hatthiṃ dassetī’’ti vuccamāne ko ettha virodho, attanā pana hatthivaṇṇo hutvā bahiddhāpi hatthiṃ dassante vattabbameva natthi. Tenevāha ‘‘bahiddhāpi hatthiādidassanavasena vutta’’nti. Evañca katvā vikubbaniddhibhāvena ca na koci virodho.
在巴利文句中,“童子色或”等中的“或”字,表不定义,为显明其中每一单项的造作与显示。而在“也显示象”等句中,“也”字则是表合集义,为显明象等众多事物不能同时被造作。因此,于“也显示象”等句中,应依循第二种所述之理来解其义。
Pāḷiyañca kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vātiādīsu aniyamattho vā-saddo vutto. Tesu ekekasseva karaṇadassanatthaṃ. Hatthimpītiādīsu pana hatthiādīnaṃ bahūnaṃ ekajjhaṃ kātabbābhāvadassanatthaṃ samuccayattho pi-saddo vutto. Tena ‘‘hatthimpi dassetī’’tiādīsu dutiye vuttanayeneva attho gahetabbo.
有神通者以自身童子形态令他人看见,这是童子色的化现;此处并未产生任何新的地等物质,因此没有依遍业处运用之理的必要,而说“从地遍等中的某一种所缘”。或者,即使有物质的产生,它也如理地仅依地遍等而成就,因此这里同样没有运用遍业处的必要。因为,当显示童子色时,可能需要显示蓝、黄等中的某种颜色。若是如此,便应证入青遍等——这自然就成了遍业处的运用。于其他情况,理亦同然。如此确立后,有人依据“一身化为多身”等是依地遍而说,并依遍业处说明的理路,怀疑此处变化神通说明中“从地遍等中的某一种所缘”等语存在矛盾,应知此疑毫无根据。所谓“自己所欲的童子色”,是指依应化现的状态而自己想要的童子色,并非自己幼年时的童子色。此理于龙等色中亦普遍适用,因此有人说“似不适用于龙等的化现”,应知此已被破斥。
Iddhimato attano kumārakākārena paresaṃ dassanaṃ kumārakavaṇṇanimmānaṃ, na ettha kiñci apubbaṃ pathavīādivatthu nipphādīyatīti kasiṇaniyamena payojanābhāvato ‘‘pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarārammaṇato’’ti vuttaṃ. Satipi vā vatthunipphādane yathārahaṃ taṃ pathavīkasiṇādivaseneva ijjhatīti evampettha kasiṇaniyamena payojanaṃ nattheva. Kumārakavaṇṇañhi dassentena nīlavaṇṇaṃ vā dassetabbaṃ siyā, pītādīsu aññataravaṇṇaṃ vā. Tathā sati nīlādikasiṇāni samāpajjitabbānīti āpannova kasiṇaniyamo. Eseva nayo sesesupi. Evamadhiṭṭhite yadeke pathavīkasiṇavasena ‘‘ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.238; ma. ni. 1.147; saṃ. ni. 5.842; paṭi. ma. 3.10) bhāvoti evaṃ pavattena kasiṇaniddesena idha vikubbaniddhiniddese ‘‘pathavīkasiṇādīsu aññatarārammaṇato’’tiādivacanassa virodhaṃ āsaṅkanti, so anokāsovāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nimminitabbabhāvena attanā icchitoti attano kumārakavaṇṇo, na pana attano daharakāle kumārakavaṇṇoti. Nāgādivaṇṇesupi ayaṃ nayo byāpī evāti yadeke ‘‘nāgādinimmāne na yujjati viyā’’ti vadanti, tadapohataṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“也于外部”:以“也”字兼摄内部。此处义为:“也显示象”等,是依于内部与外部显示象等的方式而说,并非如同“或童子色”等那样,仅依于内部显示童子色等而说。关于此处应说的决意方法,前文已述。
Bahiddhāpīti pi-saddena ajjhattaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Ayañhettha attho – hatthimpi dassetītiādi ajjhattaṃ, bahiddhāpi hatthiādidassanavasena vuttaṃ, na ‘‘kumārakavaṇṇaṃ vā’’tiādi viya ajjhattameva kumārakavaṇṇādīnaṃ dassanavasenāti. Yaṃ ettha vattabbaṃ adhiṭṭhānavidhānaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva.
399“身”:指自己的业生身。“依前所说之理”:即如前述,作意“令此身成空”之后,再“入根本禅那,出定已”——这是循前文所说之理而说。“另一个身”:指想要化现的那个意所成身。“从文阇草”:即从文阇草。“芦杆”:指其茎。“从鞘”:即从剑鞘。“从箧”:即从箱箧,或说从蜕壳。“拔出”:即抽出来。“引出”:即拉出来。
399.Kāyanti attano karajakāyaṃ. Vuttanayenevāti ‘‘ayaṃ kāyo susiro hotū’’ti parikammaṃ katvā puna ‘‘pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāyā’’ti imaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayānusāramāha. Aññaṃ kāyanti yaṃ manomayaṃ kāyaṃ nimminitukāmo, taṃ. Muñjamhāti muñjatiṇato. Īsikanti tassa kaṇḍaṃ. Kosiyāti asikosato. Karaṇḍāyāti peḷāya, nimmokatoti ca vadanti. Abbāhatīti uddharati. Pavāheyyāti ākaḍḍheyya.