二十二品
22. Bāvīsatimavaggo
一、般涅槃论注释
1. Parinibbānakathāvaṇṇanā
892892. 现在称为般涅槃论。其中,有如是执取者,例如安达卡派,他们执取:“因为阿罗汉在一切知境界中,未断除结缚便般涅槃,所以有某种结缚未断除而般涅槃。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。其余在此,如同前文所述的方式。
892. Idāni parinibbānakathā nāma hoti. Tattha ‘‘yasmā arahā sabbaññuvisaye appahīnasaṃyojanova parinibbāyati, tasmā atthi kiñci saṃyojanaṃ appahāya parinibbāna’’nti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha heṭṭhā vuttanayamevāti.
二、善心论注释
2. Kusalacittakathāvaṇṇanā
894-895现在称为善心论。其中,有这样的执取者,例如安达卡派,他们执取说:“因为阿罗汉达到念的圆满,即使般涅槃时,也具念正知而般涅槃,所以是以善心般涅槃。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。接着,为了以这一道理来责难他——“因为所谓善心是以造作福行等的方式生起的”,便说“阿罗汉造作福行”等。其余内容,如经文所引导的那样。这里所说的“具念正知”,是为了说明在速行刹那,由唯作的念与正知而不痴地命终,并非为了说明这便是善心。因此,这不成立。
894-895. Idāni kusalacittakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā arahā sativepullappatto parinibbāyantopi sato sampajānova parinibbāti, tasmā kusalacitto parinibbāyatīti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ yasmā kusalacitto nāma puññābhisaṅkhārābhisaṅkharaṇādivasena hoti, tasmā tenatthena codetuṃ arahā puññābhisaṅkhārantiādimāha. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyāti. Sato sampajānoti idaṃ javanakkhaṇe kiriyasatisampajaññānaṃ vasena asammohamaraṇadīpanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, na kusalacittadīpanatthaṃ. Tasmā asādhakanti.
三、不动论注释
3. Āneñjakathāvaṇṇanā
896现在称为不动论。其中,有这样的执取者,例如某些北道派,他们观察到“世尊住于第四禅而般涅槃”之后,便执取说:“阿罗汉住于不动而般涅槃。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。所谓“本性心”,即是有分心。因为一切有想众生,都住于有分心,有分心终了,便以死心命终。正是为了以这一道理来责难他,才说出这样的论说。然而,这里的问题是以五蕴有而提出的,虽然在四蕴有中,阿罗汉的本性心也是不动。因此,他说:“不,确实不应这样说。”其余的内容,意义是明显的。
896. Idāni āneñjakathā nāma hoti. Tattha bhagavā catutthajjhāne ṭhito parinibbāyīti sallakkhetvā ‘‘arahā āneñje ṭhito parinibbāyatī’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi ekaccānaṃ uttarāpathakānaṃ, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Pakaticitteti bhavaṅgacitte. Sabbe hi saññino sattā bhavaṅgacitte ṭhatvā bhavaṅgapariyosānena cuticittena kālaṃ karonti. Iti naṃ iminā atthena codetuṃ evamāha. Tattha kiñcāpi catuvokārabhave arahato pakaticittampi āneñjaṃ hoti, ayaṃ pana pañho pañcavokārabhavavasena uddhaṭo. Tasmā no ca vata re vattabbeti āha. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
4. 法现观论注释
4. Dhammābhisamayakathāvaṇṇanā
897现在称为法现观论。其中,有这样的执取者,例如某些北道派,他们看见过去世的须陀洹,住于母胎而后出胎,便执取说:“在胎中有法现观。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。然后,为了责难他,便说:“如果在胎中有法现观,则应有法现观的因缘,如说法等”,因此提出“在胎中有说法”等例子。这里所说的“睡眠者”等,是针对有分状态而言的。因为在胎中,大多只有有分心在转起。正因如此,因为没有唯作行的生起,众生便是睡眠者;因为没有修习的实践,便是放逸者;因为没有摄持业处的念与正知,便成为失念、不正知者。处于这种状态,哪里会有法现观呢?
897. Idāni dhammābhisamayakathā nāma hoti. Tattha atītabhave sotāpannaṃ mātukucchiyaṃ vasitvā nikkhantaṃ disvā ‘‘atthi gabbhaseyyāya dhammābhisamayo’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi ekaccānaṃ uttarāpathakānaṃ, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi tattha dhammābhisamayo atthi, dhammābhisamayassa kāraṇehi dhammadesanādīhi bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ atthi gabbhaseyyāya dhammadesanātiādimāha. Suttassātiādi bhavaṅgavāraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Gabbhaseyyāya hi yebhuyyena bhavaṅgameva pavattati. Teneva satto kiriyamayappavattābhāvā sutto, bhāvanānuyogassa abhāvā pamatto, kammaṭṭhānapariggāhakānaṃ satisampajaññānaṃ abhāvā muṭṭhassati asampajāno nāma hoti, tathārūpassa kuto dhammābhisamayoti?
5-7. 三论注释
5-7. Tissopikathāvaṇṇanā
898-900898-900. 现在称为三论。其中,某些人见到刚出生的须陀洹证得阿罗汉果,以及善住优婆夷怀胎七年的事,便执取“在胎位中也能证得阿罗汉果”;又见到梦中在空中行走等事,便执取“有法现观”“在那里有阿罗汉果的证得”。正是针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。其余部分在此,与前一篇论相似。
898-900. Idāni tissopikathā nāma honti. Tattha acirajātānaṃ pana sotāpannānaṃ arahattappattiṃ suppavāsāya ca upāsikāya sattavassikaṃ gabbhaṃ disvā ‘‘atthi gabbhaseyyāya arahattappattī’’ti ca supine ākāsagamanādīni disvā ‘‘atthi dhammābhisamayo’’ti ca ‘‘atthi tattha arahattappattī’’ti ca idhāpi yesaṃ laddhiyo, seyyathāpi tesaññeva; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha purimakathā sadisamevāti.
8. 无记论注释
8. Abyākatakathāvaṇṇanā
901-902901-902. 现在称为无记论。其中,例如正是某些北道派,他们依据“诸比丘,有这种思,但它不可记说”这样的说法,执取“一切梦中的心都是无记”。针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。其余部分在此,随顺经文本身的引导。所谓“梦中的心是不可记说的”,这是就罪而言。因为在梦中,虽然以杀生等方式有不善心生起,但并未破坏事相,所以无法据此安立罪。正是由于这个原因,它才不可记说,并非因为是心是无记。
901-902. Idāni abyākatakathā nāma hoti. Tattha ‘‘atthesā, bhikkhave, cetanā, sā ca kho abbohārikā’’ti (pārā. 235) vacanato ‘‘sabbaṃ supinagatassa cittaṃ abyākata’’nti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi ekaccānaṃ uttarāpathakānaññeva, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathā pāḷimeva niyyāti. Supinagatassa cittaṃ abbohārikanti idaṃ āpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Supinagatassa hi pāṇātipātādivasena kiñcāpi akusalacittaṃ pavattati, vatthuvikopanaṃ pana natthīti na sakkā tattha āpattiṃ paññapetuṃ. Iminā kāraṇena taṃ abbohārikaṃ, na abyākatattāti.
九、习行缘论注释
9. Āsevanapaccayakathāvaṇṇanā
903-905903-905. 现在称为习行缘论。其中,例如正是他们,执取这样的见解:“因为一切法都是刹那的,没有任何法能停留片刻而被称为习行缘。因此,根本没有任何习行缘性,也没有任何由习行缘性而生起的东西。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。然后,为了以经典本身令他通晓,便引用了“世尊不是说过‘杀生’等吗?”这一切意义都很明白。
903-905. Idāni āsevanapaccayakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā sabbe dhammā khaṇikā , na koci muhuttampi ṭhatvā āsevanapaccayaṃ āsevati nāma. Tasmā natthi kiñci āsevanapaccayatā. Āsevanapaccayatāya uppannaṃ pana na kiñci atthīti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi tesaññeva; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ suttavaseneva paññāpetuṃ nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatā pāṇātipātotiādi ābhataṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
十、刹那论注释
10. Khaṇikakathāvaṇṇanā
906-907现在开始“刹那论”的讨论。其中,因为一切有为法都是无常的,所以它们都只存在一心识刹那。对于持有这种见解的人——他们认为“既然同样是无常,有的法坏灭迅速,有的法坏灭迟缓,这其中哪里有什么定则可言呢?”——例如东山住部和西山住部,针对他们,自宗论师提出了“(诸法)唯是一心识刹那”的问难,对方则予以承认。在“心是大地”等譬喻中,自宗论师因为没有看到它们(大地等)具备那样的安住状态,所以加以反驳。提出“眼处”等,是为了提出这样的诘难:“如果一切法唯是一心识刹那,那么眼处等就应该与眼识等一同生起后便一同灭去。”然而,对方论师针对母胎中意识的生起而予以反驳,对出胎后的生命流转期间,则随顺自己的见解而予以承认。此处的其余内容显而易见。因此,对方论师说“(诸法)唯是一心识刹那”,其实是想说:因为诸法不是恒常的,所以是唯是一心识刹那的。他只是随自己的喜好说出了理由,这种论证形同虚设。
906-907. Idāni khaṇikakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā sabbasaṅkhatadhammā aniccā, tasmā ekacittakkhaṇikāyeva. Samānāya hi aniccatāya eko lahuṃ bhijjati, eko cirenāti ko ettha niyāmoti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi pubbaseliyāparaseliyānaṃ; te sandhāya ekacittakkhaṇikāti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Citte mahāpathavītiādīsu tesaṃ tathā saṇṭhānaṃ apassanto paṭikkhipati. Cakkhāyatanantiādi ‘‘yadi sabbe ekacittakkhaṇikā bhaveyyuṃ, cakkhāyatanādīni cakkhuviññāṇādīhi saddhiṃyeva uppajjitvā nirujjheyyu’’nti codanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Itaro pana antomātukucchigatassa viññāṇuppattiṃ sandhāya paṭikkhipati , pavattaṃ sandhāya laddhivasena paṭijānāti. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti. Tena hi ekacittakkhaṇikāti yasmā niccā na honti, tasmā ekacittakkhaṇikāti attano ruciyā kāraṇaṃ vadati. Taṃ avuttasadisamevāti.