第二十三品
23. Tevīsatimavaggo
一、一意趣论之注释
1. Ekādhippāyakathāvaṇṇanā
908现在开始“一意趣论”。其中,由悲悯或某一意趣而成为“一意趣”;或者由于在轮回中希望“我们将同生一处”,而与女人一同行佛供养等并立下誓愿,由此具有一个意趣,故为“一意趣”。对于这样的两个人,执取“应当行持具有同一意趣的淫欲法”者,例如安达卡派和韦图拉派。针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。其余内容此处如巴利原文所示,意义明显。
908. Idāni ekādhippāyakathā nāma hoti. Tattha kāruññena vā ekena adhippāyena ekādhippāyo, saṃsāre vā ekato bhavissāmāti itthiyā saddhiṃ buddhapūjādīni katvā paṇidhivasena eko adhippāyo assāti ekādhippāyo. Evarūpo dvinnampi janānaṃ ekādhippāyo methuno dhammo paṭisevitabboti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānañceva vetullakānañca; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.
二、阿罗汉相论之注释
2. Arahantavaṇṇakathāvaṇṇanā
909现在开始“阿罗汉相论”。其中,见到威仪具足、行相圆满的恶比丘后,执持“非人以阿罗汉的相貌而行淫欲法”这种见解的人,例如某些北方派。针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。其余内容此处意义明显。
909. Idāni arahantavaṇṇakathā nāma hoti. Tattha iriyāpathasampanne ākappasampanne pāpabhikkhū disvā ‘‘arahantānaṃ vaṇṇena amanussā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantī’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi ekaccānaṃ uttarāpathakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
三至七、欲自在所作论之注释
3-7. Issariyakāmakārikākathāvaṇṇanā
910-914现在,称为“欲自在所作论”。有一类人,如安达卡派,针对《六牙本生》等,执取这样的见解:“菩萨因欲自在所作之因而堕恶趣、入胎、行难行、行极端苦行、皈依其他师长。”针对他们,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。第一论中,其余内容意义明显。第二论中,“有神通”意为:如果因欲自在所作之因而去,应依神通而去,不应依业力而去,这是为了责难而说。他宗者则在第一问中依修习所得神通而否定,在第二问中依福德神通而承认。第三论中,所谓“欲自在所作之因”,难行是依邪见而作。如果他会那样做,也会执取常见等,为了责难而说“世间是常”等。第四论亦同此理。
910-914. Idāni issariyakāmakārikākathā nāma hoti. Chaddantajātakādīni sandhāya ‘‘bodhisatto issariyakāmakārikāhetu vinipātaṃ gacchati, gabbhaseyyaṃ okkamati, dukkarakārikaṃ akāsi, aparantapaṃ akāsi, aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisī’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesaṃ paṭhamakathāyaṃ uttānatthameva. Dutiyakathāyaṃ iddhimāti yadi issariyakāmakārikāhetu gaccheyya, iddhiyā gaccheyya, na kammavasenāti codanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Itaro pana paṭhamapañhe bhāvanāmayaṃ sandhāya paṭikkhipati. Dutiyapañhe puññiddhiṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Tatiyakathāyaṃ issariyakāmakārikāhetu nāma dukkarakārikā micchādiṭṭhiyā kariyati. Yadi ca so taṃ kareyya, sassatādīnipi gaṇheyyāti codanatthaṃ sassato lokotiādi vuttaṃ. Catutthakathāyampi eseva nayoti.
八、相似论之注释
8. Patirūpakathāvaṇṇanā
915-916现在,称为“贪相似论”。其中,有一类人,如安达卡派,针对慈、悲、喜,执取“这不是贪,而是贪的相似”;针对嫉、悭、恶作,执取“这不是嗔,而是嗔的相似”;针对微笑的生起,执取“这不是痴,而是痴的相似”;针对呵责恶人、摄受柔和比丘、谴责恶行、称赞善行、具寿毕陵达瓦差的贱民之语、世尊的唾弃之语和愚人之语,则执取“这不是烦恼,而是烦恼的相似”。针对他们,在一切论中,自宗者提问,他宗者承认。然后,为了责难他而说“有非触”等:“由于触等的相似并非非触等,所以贪等的相似也并非非贪等。”他宗者因这些不存在而否定。其余一切处,意义明显。
915-916. Idāni rāgapatirūpakathā nāma hoti. Tattha mettākaruṇāmuditāyo sandhāya ‘‘na rāgo rāgapatirūpako’’ti ca issāmacchariyakukkuccāni sandhāya ‘‘na doso dosapatirūpako’’ti ca hasituppādaṃ sandhāya ‘‘na moho mohapatirūpako’’ti ca dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahaṃ pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anuggahaṃ pāpagarahitaṃ kalyāṇapasaṃsaṃ āyasmato pilindavacchassa vasalavādaṃ bhagavato kheḷāsakavādaṃ moghapurisavādañca sandhāya ‘‘na kileso kilesapatirūpako’’ti ca yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya sabbakathāsu pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ yasmā phassādipatirūpakā naphassādayo nāma natthi, tasmā rāgādipatirūpakā narāgādayopi natthīti codetuṃ atthi na phassotiādimāha . Itaro tesaṃ abhāvā paṭikkhipati. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
九、非完成论之注释
9. Aparinipphannakathāvaṇṇanā
917-918现在,称为“未成就论”。其中:
917-918. Idāni aparinipphannakathā nāma hoti. Tattha –
唯苦生起,唯苦安住,唯苦灭去;
除苦之外,无有生起;除苦之外,无有灭去。
‘‘Dukkhameva hi sambhoti, dukkhaṃ tiṭṭhati veti ca; Nāññatra dukkhā sambhoti, nāññaṃ dukkhā nirujjhatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.171) –
有一些人依据此语,执取“唯苦是究竟法,其余诸蕴、处、界、根皆非究竟法”,例如某些北方派与因论者。针对他们,自宗者问:“色是非究竟的吗?”他宗者答“是”。接着,为破斥他,便说“若色非究竟,则不应有无常等自性”,故问“色不是无常吗?”等。他宗者因不见如是之色而否定。自宗者以“色不是无常吗?”等破斥他的一种执取后,又为问第二执,便说:“唯苦是究竟的吗?”等。然后,为破斥他那执取,又说:“凡无常者”等。此中意思是:并非唯独第一谛是苦。凡无常者,即是苦。色也是无常的,故色亦是究竟的。因此,你所说的“色非究竟,唯苦是究竟”,实在不应说“唯苦是究竟”。对于受等诸法,亦以此理类推。在法处、法界中,除了涅槃,其余诸法应知皆是无常性。诸根也是无常的。
Vacanaṃ nissāya dukkhaññeva parinipphannaṃ, sesā khandhāyatanadhātuindriyadhammā aparinipphannāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi ekaccānaṃ uttarapathakānañceva hetuvādānañca; te sandhāya rūpaṃ aparinipphannanti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘sace rūpaṃ aparinipphannaṃ, na aniccādisabhāvaṃ siyā’’ti codetuṃ rūpaṃ na aniccantiādimāha. Itaro tathārūpaṃ rūpaṃ apassanto paṭikkhipati. Sakavādī nanu rūpaṃ aniccantiādi vacanena tassa ekaṃ laddhiṃ paṭisedhetvā dutiyaṃ pucchanto dukkhaññeva parinipphannantiādimāha. Athassa tampi laddhiṃ paṭisedhetuṃ na yadaniccantiādimāha. Tatrāyaṃ adhippāyo – na kevalañhi paṭhamasaccameva dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ pana kiñci aniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhameva. Rūpañca aniccaṃ, tasmā tampi parinipphannaṃ. Iti yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi ‘‘rūpaṃ aparinipphannaṃ, dukkhaññeva parinipphanna’’nti, taṃ no vata re vattabbe ‘‘dukkhaññeva parinipphanna’’nti. Vedanādimūlikādīsupi yojanāsu eseva nayo. Dhammāyatanadhammadhātūsu pana ṭhapetvā nibbānaṃ sesadhammānaṃ vasena aniccatā veditabbā. Indriyāni aniccānevāti.
仅此而已——
Ettāvatā ca –
《论事》之论,于诸论道善巧者;
胜者所宣说,其义释已告圆满。
此由十三诵分,依圣典传承;
为令正法久住,我所造作。
Paṇṇāsakehi catūhi, tīhi vaggehi ceva ca; Saṅgahetvā kathā sabbā, ūnatisatabhedanā. Kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ, kathāmaggesu kovido; Yaṃ jino desayi tassa, niṭṭhitā atthavaṇṇanā. Imaṃ terasamattehi, bhāṇavārehi tantiyā; Ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ dhammassa, saṅkharontena yaṃ mayā. Yaṃ pattaṃ kusalaṃ tena, lokoyaṃ sanarāmaro; Dhammarājassa saddhamma-rasamevādhigacchatūti.
在阿毗达摩藏中
Abhidhammapiṭake