3. 梵行论
3. Brahmacariyakathā
1. 纯净梵行论释
1. Suddhabrahmacariyakathāvaṇṇanā
269269. 现在开始梵行论。其中,梵行生活有两种:道之修习与出家。出家于一切天中不存在。道之修习除无想有情外,在其余诸天中未被遮止。对于那些不承认从化乐天以上诸天中有道之修习者,如正量部,自宗论师便针对他们问:“天中没有。”他宗论师则依据“比丘们,赡部洲人以三种特质超越北俱卢人及三十三天人。哪三种?勇敢、具念、于此有梵行生活”(《增支部》9.21)此经,依其所生之见,承认天中两种梵行生活皆无。接着,自宗论师以两种梵行的障碍法为由,问:“一切天都是愚钝的吗?”其中,“以手传达者”即如哑巴般举手示意而说话者。之后,他宗论师问:“天中有吗?”自宗论师针对道之修习予以承认。他宗论师未察其承认的意图,更以出家为由进行追问。
269. Idāni brahmacariyakathā hoti. Tattha dve brahmacariyavāsā, maggabhāvanā ca pabbajjā ca. Pabbajjā sabbadevesu natthi. Maggabhāvanā ṭhapetvā asaññasatte sesesu appaṭisiddhā. Tattha ye paranimmitavasavattideve upādāya taduparidevesu maggabhāvanampi na icchanti seyyathāpi sammitiyā, te sandhāya natthi devesūti pucchā sakavādissa. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, ṭhānehi jambudīpakā manussā uttarakuruke ca manusse adhiggaṇhanti deve ca tāvatiṃse. Katamehi tīhi? Sūrā satimanto idha brahmacariyavāso’’ti (a. ni. 9.21) idaṃ suttaṃ nissāya dvepi brahmacariyavāsā natthi devesūti uppannaladdhivasena paṭiññā paravādissa. Puna dvinnampi brahmacariyānaṃ antarāyikadhammavaseneva sabbe devā jaḷāti pucchā sakavādissa. Tattha hatthasaṃvācikāti mūgā viya hatthamuddhāya vattāro. Parato atthi devesūti pucchā paravādissa, maggabhāvanaṃ sandhāya paṭiññā sakavādissa. Paṭiññāya adhippāyaṃ asallakkhetvā pabbajjāvasena anuyogo paravādissa.
270270. 于“何处无出家”的提问中,针对在家者及部分天众获得道果而作否定,仍是自宗论师所说。再次被问时,针对边地众生与无想有情而作承认,仍是自宗论师所说。于“谁出家”等问中,亦依此理趣。其次,于“天中有”的提问中,自宗论师仍就道之修习而承认;当言及“一切天中”时,则针对无想有情而作否定,亦是自宗论师所说。
270.Yattha natthi pabbajjāti pañhe gihīnañceva ekaccānañca devānaṃ maggapaṭilābhaṃ sandhāya paṭikkhepo tasseva. Puna puṭṭho paccantavāsino ceva asaññasatte ca sandhāya paṭiññā tasseva. Yo pabbajatītiādīsu pucchāsupi eseva nayo. Puna ‘‘atthi devesū’’ti pañhepi maggabhāvanaṃ sandhāyeva paṭiññā sakavādissa, ‘‘sabbadevesū’’ti vutte asaññasatte sandhāya paṭikkhepo tasseva.
271关于“人间”的两个问题:针对赡部洲人,予以承认;针对边地众生,予以否定。应当如此了知。
271.Manussesūti pañhadvaye jambudīpake sandhāya paṭiññā. Paccantavāsino sandhāya paṭikkhepo veditabbo.
“有、何处有”即指“有那些天,或有那个区域,于何处有”,自宗论师以这七种处所分别的方式作答。依此理趣,一切隔一之问皆应当了知。
Atthi yattha atthīti atthi te devā, atthi vā so padeso, yattha atthīti evaṃ sattapadesavibhāgamukhena vissajjanaṃ sakavādissa. Iminā nayena sabbe ekantarikapañhā veditabbā.
272在经教审问中,“果证于何处生起?”是自宗论师所问:那位不来者的阿罗汉果证于何处生起?“就在那里”意指在净居天。
272. Suttānuyoge kuhiṃ phaluppattīti tassa anāgāmino arahattaphaluppatti kuhinti pucchā sakavādissa. Tatthevāti suddhāvāsesūti attho.
“那么”是表原因的不变词。这是说:因为不来者依于此世所修之道,就在净居天中现证其果,并非在那里另修其他道,所以天界没有梵行生活。
Handa hīti kāraṇatthe nipāto. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā anāgāmipuggalo idha loke bhāvitena maggena tattha suddhāvāsesu phalaṃ sacchikaroti, na tattha aññaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, tasmā natthi devesu brahmacariyavāsoti.
2. 和合梵行释
2. Saṃsandanabrahmacariyavaṇṇanā
273现在,为了显示“若依于一处所修之道,在另一处能有果的现证,那么预流者等也可能如此”这一义理,自宗论师再次就不来者等提出关联性的诘问。其中,他宗论师承认不来者的果现证,而否定其余圣者的果现证。因为依此世所修之道的不来者,名为“此世住毕者”。他依此世修习不来道后,根据“化生者、于彼处般涅槃者”的教说,其见解为“不再修道,唯由化生而现证阿罗汉果”。然而,预流者、一来者则是在那里修道而成为“于彼处化生者”,所以他们根本没有再来此世这回事。如此,当被问及不来者的果现证时,他予以承认;对余者则加以否定。
273. Idāni yadi aññattha bhāvitena maggena aññattha phalasacchikiriyā hoti, sotāpannādīnampi siyāti etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ puna anāgāmītiādīnaṃ saṃsandanapucchā sakavādissa. Tattha anāgāmissa phalasacchikiriyāya paṭiññā, sesānaṃ phalasacchikiriyāya paṭikkhepo paravādissa. Idha bhāvitamaggo hi anāgāmī idhavihāyaniṭṭho nāma hoti. So idha anāgāmimaggaṃ bhāvetvā ‘‘opapātiko tatthaparinibbāyī’’ti vacanato ‘‘puna maggabhāvanaṃ vinā upapattivaseneva arahattaphalaṃ sacchikarotī’’ti tassa laddhi. Sotāpannasakadāgāmino pana tattha maggaṃ bhāvetvā tatrupapattikā nāma hontīti tesaṃ idhāgamanaññeva natthi. Iti so anāgāmissa phalasacchikiriyaṃ puṭṭho paṭijānāti. Itaresaṃ paṭikkhipati.
对于“不来者依于彼处所修之道”这一问难,他宗论师依持“不来者在那里根本没有道的修习”的见解而加以否定。自宗论师问:“道被修习,而烦恼却未被断除吗?”另一方针对色界道予以承认。因为通过色界道,他成了所谓的“此世住毕者”。
Anāgāmī puggalo tattha bhāvitena maggenāti pañhe ‘‘anāgāmino tattha maggabhāvanāva natthī’’ti laddhiyā paṭikkhipati. Maggo ca bhāvīyati, na ca kilesā pahīyantīti pucchā sakavādissa , rūpāvacaramaggaṃ sandhāya paṭiññā itarassa. Rūpāvacaramaggena hi so idhavihāyaniṭṭho nāma jāto.
对于“不来者是否所作已办?”这一问,依“化生者、于彼处般涅槃者”之说,他针对其仅由化生而成为“所作已办”等义,予以承许。对于“是阿罗汉吗?”这一问,他唯依此世般涅槃的阿罗汉而否定。当再次被问时,则依于彼处般涅槃者而承许。
Anāgāmī puggalo katakaraṇīyoti pañhe ‘‘opapātiko tatthaparinibbāyī’’ti vacanato upapattiyāvassa katakaraṇīyādibhāvaṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Arahāti pañhe idhaparinibbāyino arahato vaseneva paṭikkhipati. Puna puṭṭho tatthaparinibbāyino vasena paṭijānāti.
在“阿罗汉有后有”等诸问中,也应依于彼处般涅槃者和此世般涅槃者来理解其义。当被问“未证不动者是否于彼处般涅槃”时,他希望于此世所修之道证得彼不动,因此予以否定。
Atthi arahato punabbhavotiādīsupi tatthaparinibbāyī idhaparinibbāyīnaṃ vaseneva attho veditabbo. Appaṭividdhākuppova tatthaparinibbāyatīti puṭṭho idheva bhāvitena maggena tassa akuppapaṭivedhaṃ icchanto paṭikkhipati.
“如鹿”这一譬喻,第一个是他宗论师的举例,第二个是自宗论师的举例。其余各处,意义都显而易见。
Yathā migoti paṭhamaṃ udāharaṇaṃ paravādissa, dutiyaṃ sakavādissa. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
3. 界限论释
3. Odhisokathāvaṇṇanā
274此处开始为「界限论」。其中,有些人认为预流者等通过各别现观,以见苦等方式,界限地、部分地、一分一分地断除烦恼,例如现今的正量部等。为了破除他们的这种见解,自宗论师问「界限地」,他宗论师承认。接着,自宗论师进一步追问,他宗论师则以不存在一分一分的预流者等状态为由而否定。依此方式,在一切论回转中,应了知其义。
274. Idāni odhisokathā nāma hoti. Tattha ye sotāpannādīnaṃ nānābhisamayavasena dukkhadassanādīhi odhiso odhiso ekadesena ekadesena kilesappahānaṃ icchanti seyyathāpi etarahi sammitiyādayo, tesaṃ taṃ laddhiṃ bhindituṃ odhisoti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā paravādissa. Puna anuyogo sakavādissa, ekadesena sotāpannādibhāvassa abhāvato paṭikkhepo paravādissa. Iminā upāyena sabbavāresu attho veditabboti.