10. 觉支分别根本复注
10. Bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo
23 段
经分别
1. Suttantabhājanīyaṃ
第一法门的注释
Paṭhamanayavaṇṇanā
466《渡瀑流经》注释中关于“住立”和“积聚”的说明(《相应部注》1.1.1)——
466.Patiṭṭhānāyūhanā oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.1) –
以烦恼为立足点,以造作为积集。同样,以渴爱和邪见为立足点,以其余烦恼和造作为积集。以渴爱为立足点,以邪见为积集。以常见为立足点,以断见为积集。以消沉为立足点,以掉举为积集。以沉溺欲乐为立足点,以自我折磨为积集。以一切不善造作为立足点,以一切世间善造作为积集。
‘‘Kilesavasena patiṭṭhānaṃ, abhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanā. Tathā taṇhādiṭṭhīhi patiṭṭhānaṃ, avasesakilesābhisaṅkhārehi āyūhanā. Taṇhāvasena patiṭṭhānaṃ, diṭṭhivasena āyūhanā. Sassatadiṭṭhiyā patiṭṭhānaṃ, ucchedadiṭṭhiyā āyūhanā. Līnavasena patiṭṭhānaṃ, uddhaccavasena āyūhanā. Kāmasukhānuyogavasena patiṭṭhānaṃ, attakilamathānuyogavasena āyūhanā. Sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāravasena patiṭṭhānaṃ, sabbalokiyakusalābhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanā’’ti –
对于已经说过的那些方式,这里没有说到的,也应该依照同样的道理来理解。
Vuttesu pakāresu idha avuttānaṃ vasena veditabbā.
他审察那些正确生起的法,从它们生起的方式去观察,那时以那种行相生起,所以舍觉支具有审察的特相。这样说了之后,又说“审察、安住、在执取中保持中立”,这是就舍的作用特别强而说它为行舍。在依次排列时,其用意是:前前是后后的因。
Sammappavatte dhamme paṭisañcikkhati, upapattito ikkhati, tadākāro hutvā pavattatīti paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇo upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo. Evañca katvā ‘‘paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā gahaṇe majjhattatā’’ti upekkhākiccādhimattatāya saṅkhārupekkhā vuttā. Anukkamanikkhepe payojanaṃ purimassa purimassa pacchimapacchimakāraṇabhāvo.
467467. “只有强而有力的念才是念觉支”,为了说明它强而有力,这里取的是慧,而不是指任何人普通的忆持之念。接着,为了显示“念是善法生起的因由”,而说“或事”等。所谓“立于事之首”,意思是:他不是怀着这样的心——“啊,但愿他们听我说法,听了之后对我生起净信,生起净信后对我作净信的表现”——而是像大迦叶长老那样,基于法的善妙,出于悲悯、怜愍与同情而这样说:“法乃世尊所善说……为智者所知。啊,但愿他们能听我说法,听后能了知法,了知后能为了如实之义而实践。”所谓“立于解脱处之首”,意思是立足于这样一种状态:它以解脱为主要之因,即“并非因为我是导师,而是我要按照所闻、所学的法,详细地为他人解说”。由于久作之事等原因,所以说到了那引发它的无色部分;或者说,因为“已作、已说”这些词,是表示已发生作用之无色部分的能诠,所以说“身表……部分”。
467. Balavatī eva sati satisambojjhaṅgoti katvā balavabhāvadīpanatthaṃ paññā gahitā, na yassa kassaci sampadhāraṇasati, kusaluppattikāraṇassa pana saraṇaṃ satīti dassento ‘‘vattaṃ vā’’tiādimāha. Vattasīse ṭhatvāti ‘‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyu’’nti evaṃcitto ahutvā ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo…pe… viññūhi, aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathatthāya paṭipajjeyyu’’nti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca kāruññaṃ anuddayaṃ anukampaṃ upādāya mahākassapattherena viya bhāsitanti attho. Vimuttāyatanasīseti ‘‘na heva kho satthā, apica kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ desessāmī’’ti evaṃ vimuttikāraṇapadhānabhāve ṭhatvā. Cirakatavattādivasena taṃsamuṭṭhāpako arūpakoṭṭhāso vutto, bhāvatthattā eva vā katabhāsita-saddā kiriyābhūtassa arūpakoṭṭhāsassa vācakāti katvā āha ‘‘kāyaviññattiṃ…pe… koṭṭhāsa’’nti.
觉支的引发方式,应当这样来配合理解:前六个觉支各自引发自己紧接着的下一个,或者以各种方式引发其余一切觉支。关于欲贪、世间贪、轮回贪——他们说,渴爱及以渴爱为所缘的诸蕴就是欲贪;对五种欲境的贪染以及它所缘的对象,就是欲贪。以“我与世间是常”等说法执取世间而生起的、与常见或断见相应的贪染以及它所缘的对象,就是世间贪,或者说是世间法。依轮回的乐味而生起的、能产生轮回的贪染以及它所缘的对象,就是轮回贪。因为属于道的前分,所以(这些)是前分。
Bojjhaṅgasamuṭṭhāpakatā purimānaṃ channaṃ attano attano anantarikassa, paresaṃ sabbesaṃ vā taṃtaṃpariyāyena samuṭṭhāpanavasena yojetabbā. Kāmalokavaṭṭāmisāti taṇhā tadārammaṇā khandhāti vadanti, pañcakāmaguṇiko ca rāgo tadārammaṇañca kāmāmisaṃ, ‘‘sassato attā ca loko cā’’tiādinā lokaggahaṇavasena pavatto sassatucchedasahagato rāgo tadārammaṇañca lokāmisaṃ, lokadhammā vā, vaṭṭassādavasena uppanno saṃsārajanako rāgo tadārammaṇañca vaṭṭāmisaṃ. Maggassa pubbabhāgattā pubbabhāgā.
468-469468-469. 所谓应证知的法,就是“一切众生依食而住、二界、三界、四圣谛、五解脱处、六无上法、七离十结处、八胜处、九次第住、十应摧破处”这样分类的法,以及“比丘们,一切应证知”中所说的蕴等。所谓“缚”,是指对有等的结缚,或者对可爱可乐事物的趣向。
468-469.Abhiññeyyā dhammā nāma ‘‘sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā, dve dhātuyo, tisso dhātuyo, cattāri ariyasaccāni, pañca vimuttāyatanāni, cha anuttariyāni, satta niddasavatthūni, aṭṭhābhibhāyatanāni, navānupubbavihārā, dasa nijjaravatthūnī’’ti evaṃpabhedā dhammā , ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññeyya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.46) dassitā khandhādayo ca. Vānanti vinandhanaṃ bhavādīnaṃ, gamanaṃ vā piyarūpasātarūpesu.
对于决意经行的人生起的精进,应当知道它是与观相应的。“至此为止”,意思是“世间与出世间的混合说法到此为止”。说“世间”的人不会感到疲倦,意思是:因为能引发身表的(心)属于世间,所以无可指责。“未获得……被否定”:依色界中不可得的喜觉支来说,虽然(在色界中)也可获得无寻无伺的喜,但它被否定了,也就是说没有被说为“喜觉支”。或者,依欲界中不可得的无寻无伺的喜来说,虽然(在欲界中)也可获得喜,但作为喜觉支则被否定了,也就是说无寻无伺的喜觉支没有被说到。
Caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa uppannavīriyaṃ vipassanāsahagatanti veditabbaṃ. Ettakenāti ‘‘lokiyalokuttaramissakā kathitā’’ti ettāvatā. Lokiyanti vadanto na kilamatīti kāyaviññattisamuṭṭhāpakassa lokiyattā acodanīyoti attho. Alabbha…pe… paṭikkhittāti rūpāvacare alabbhamānakaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ upādāya labbhamānāpi avitakkaavicārā pīti paṭikkhittā, ‘‘pītisambojjhaṅgo’’ti na vuttoti attho. Kāmāvacare vā alabbhamānakaṃ avitakkaavicāraṃ pītiṃ upādāya labbhamānakāva pītibojjhaṅgabhūtā paṭikkhittā, avitakkaavicāro pītisambojjhaṅgo na vuttoti attho.
“内解脱”是指专注于内在的法之后,从那里出起的道,这里就称为“内解脱”,这是它的意思。“不应遮止”是说:在作为观之基础的遍处等禅那中,由于念等属于抉择分,所以不应排斥,这是它的含义。然而,不举出禅那,是因为它不像观那样是菩提之道的近因,也不是那样绝对唯一的因,也不像观的作用那样,以禅那的作用作为道的究竟,所以不举出。其中应当知道,举出遍处禅那,也就包含了依于它的无色定。没有说不净禅那,是因为这里指的是无寻无伺。
Ajjhattavimokkhanti ajjhattadhamme abhinivisitvā tato vuṭṭhitamaggo ‘‘ajjhattavimokkho’’ti idha vuttoti adhippāyo. Na vāretabboti vipassanāpādakesu kasiṇādijhānesu satiādīnaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyattā na paṭikkhipitabboti attho. Anuddharantā pana vipassanā viya bodhiyā maggassa āsannakāraṇaṃ jhānaṃ na hoti, na ca tathā ekantikaṃ kāraṇaṃ, na ca vipassanākiccassa viya jhānakiccassa niṭṭhānaṃ maggoti katvā na uddharanti. Tattha kasiṇajjhānaggahaṇena tadāyattāni āruppānipi gahitānīti daṭṭhabbāni. Asubhajjhānānaṃ avacanaṃ avitakkāvicārassa adhippetattā.
470-471先说了彼分断远离、正断远离与出离远离这三种依止,却没有提到寂止远离的依止,这是因为在“修习念觉支”等经文里,此处所讲的是应当修习的觉支。因为已修习的觉支所要证得的果觉支,已经在阿毗达摩分别里说过了。“舍”这个词有遍舍和跃入两层意思,所以说舍有两种。所谓“如上述那样”,就是指按彼分断和正断的方式,以及按倾向彼、以彼为所缘的方式。正在转向,是在观的刹那;已经转向,是在道的刹那。
470-471. Tadaṅgasamucchedanissaraṇavivekanissitataṃ vatvā paṭippassaddhivivekanissitattassa avacanaṃ ‘‘satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvetī’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 5.182; vibha. 471) idha bhāvetabbānaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ vuttattā. Bhāvitabojjhaṅgassa hi sacchikātabbā phalabojjhaṅgā abhidhammabhājanīye vuttāti. Vossagga-saddo pariccāgattho pakkhandanattho cāti vossaggassa duvidhatā vuttā. Yathāvuttenāti tadaṅgasamucchedappakārena tanninnabhāvārammaṇakaraṇappakārena ca. Pariṇāmentaṃ vipassanākkhaṇe, pariṇataṃ maggakkhaṇe.
2. 阿毗达摩分别注释
2. Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
472“以舍的方式”是在说明它的自性:不在减损和增长上起作用,只是从生起的状态去观察。意思是说,比世间舍更超胜的舍就是“中舍”;这里所指的是出世间舍,这样才合理。
472.Upekkhanavasenāti sabhāvaniddesataṃ dasseti, hāpanavaḍḍhanesu byāpāraṃ akatvā upapattito ikkhanavasenāti attho. Lokiyaupekkhanāya adhikā upekkhanā ajjhupekkhanāti ayamattho idha lokuttarā eva adhippetāti yuttoti.