十八、法心要分别
18. Dhammahadayavibhaṅgo
一、总摄品释
1. Sabbasaṅgāhikavāravaṇṇanā
978以“五蕴”等为开端,为显示依诸界之生起、含摄、显现、地之差别而区分的蕴等,以及依令生业、善业异熟、应知等所缘、二法二种、见等善三法、三法、五种色、世间二法二种等差别而区分的诸法,于此已无余摄尽,且第二品等亦不纳入此中,因此第一品以总相故,名为“总摄品”。然而,于彼处以“欲界有几蕴、几处”等唯说其存在,因未加运用特殊作用,故依“有、存在、可得”这一般作用即可了知;而第四品于结生刹那显示其生起与不生起,故依彼处所说之显现与不显现而得名,是故此品应名为“生起不生起显示品”。
978. ‘‘Pañcakkhandhā’’tiādinā khandhādīnaṃ dhātusambhavapariyāpannapātubhāva bhūmantaratīsu dhātūsuuppādakadānādikusala kammatabbipākaabhiññeyyādiārammaṇadukadvayadiṭṭhādikusalattikāditikapañcakarūpalokiyadukadvayabhedabhinnānaṃ niravasesato saṅgahitattā dutiyavārādīnañca ettha anuppavesato sabbasāmaññena vutto paṭhamo sabbasaṅgāhikavāro nāma, dutiyo uppattānuppattidassanavāro nāmāti vuttaṃ. Tattha pana ‘‘kāmadhātuyā kati khandhā kati āyatanānī’’tiādinā (vibha. 991) tesaṃ atthitā eva vuttā, kiriyāvisesassa appayogo ‘‘atthi bhavati saṃvijjatī’’ti sāmaññakiriyāya viññeyyabhāvato, tenāyaṃ ‘‘sambhavāsambhavadassanavāro’’ti vattuṃ yutto, catuttho ca upapattikkhaṇe uppattānuppattidassanavāroti tattha pātubhāvāpātubhāvavacanato.
979“如所问”,即与所问相符、如实无谬的解答。即使是由他人所作,因为了知此乃一切智之言语后而作,故亦可名为一切智之解答,更何况由一切智者亲自所说,更不待言——此是意旨。
979.Yathāpucchanti pucchānurūpaṃ avitathabyākaraṇaṃ parehi katampi sabbaññuvacanaṃ viññāya katattā sabbaññubyākaraṇameva nāma hoti, ko pana vādo sabbaññunā eva kateti adhippāyo.
二、生起不生起品释义
2. Uppattānuppattivāravaṇṇanā
991“欲界所生者”意指以神通力转生于色界的欲界众生。关于“因鼻处等无有”,若因这些处所无有,便不产生处等之作用,则在无想有情中,因眼处无有,色处也理应不产生处等之作用。如此一来,“无想有情诸天在结生刹那有二处显现”等说法,也就不应说。如此,欲界等界域,作为生起于彼处之众生或含摄于彼处之诸法所依,故名为“界”;同样,那些欲界等众生聚中,因为欲界等众生得以生起,所以说“众生之生起在此”时,那些众生聚也名为“众生之生起”。然而,此处并无不被含摄的界域以及不被含摄的众生聚而可称为“界”,为显示此义,故说“依界域或依众生之生起,无非含摄界”。以“依众生之生起”一句,便总括了界域与众生世间二者,以表明无有如是之非含摄界;或者,以众生状态而生起名为“众生之生起”,依众生居、依彼彼有而生的所执蕴,因与彼彼含摄者相似依止而称为“界”,如此便无有非含摄界——此为义。
991.Kāmadhātusambhūtānañcāti iddhiyā rūpadhātugatānaṃ kāmāvacarasattānañcāti attho. Ghānāyatanādīnaṃ abhāvenāti ettha yadi tadabhāvena gandhāyatanādīni āyatanādikiccaṃ na karonti , asaññasattesu cakkhāyatanassa abhāvena rūpāyatanaṃ āyatanādikiccaṃ na kareyya. Tato ‘‘asaññasattānaṃ devānaṃ upapattikkhaṇe dvāyatanāni pātubhavantī’’tiādivacanaṃ na vattabbaṃ siyā. Kāmāvacarādiokāsā tattha uppajjamānasattānaṃ, tattha pariyāpannadhammānaṃ vā adhiṭṭhānabhāvena ‘‘dhātū’’ti vuccanti, tathā yesu kāmāvacarādisattanikāyesu kāmāvacarādisattā uppajjanti, tesaṃ sattānaṃ uppatti etthāti sattuppattīti vuccamānā te sattanikāyā ca, na panettha apariyāpannokāso apariyāpannasattanikāyo ca atthi, yo ‘‘dhātū’’ti vucceyyāti imamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘okāsavasena vā sattuppattivasena vā apariyāpannadhātu nāma natthī’’ti āha. Sattuppattivasenāti iminā vā okāsasattalokadvayaṃ saha gahetvā tādisāya apariyāpannadhātuyā abhāvaṃ dasseti, sattabhāvena vā uppatti sattuppatti, sattāvāsavasena taṃtaṃbhavavasena uppajjamānā upādinnakakkhandhā taṃtaṃpariyāpannānaṃ sadisādhiṭṭhānabhāvena dhātūti vuccantīti evaṃ apariyāpannadhātu natthīti attho.
三、含摄非含摄品义释
3. Pariyāpannāpariyāpannavāravaṇṇanā
999依界域、依有而分判者,凡于此处及他处生起的所执蕴,皆应见为彼彼含摄。
999.Bhavavasena okāsavasena ca paricchinnāti tattha aññattha ca uppajjamānā upādinnakakkhandhā taṃtaṃpariyāpannā sabbe daṭṭhabbā.
第六品 令生业与寿量
6. Uppādakakammaāyuppamāṇavāro
(一)生起业之解释
(1.) Uppādakakammavaṇṇanā
1021先以诸界之生起等说蕴等之差别后,为显示众生具有界之差别、他们之令生业、及彼业之异熟,依这些差别,故以“三天”等开始第六品。事实上,蕴等乃依三界所成之天、依布施等业、依各各寿量所限定之执取蕴而作分别。有些人说有四桶、一瓮,或六桶。
1021. Khandhādīnaṃ dhātusambhavādivasena pabhedaṃ vatvā ye sattā dhātuppabhedavanto, yañca tesaṃ uppādakakammaṃ, yo ca tassa vipāko, tesaṃ vasena pabhedaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tayo devā’’tiādiko chaṭṭhavāro āraddho. Khandhādayo eva hi dhātuttayabhūtadevavasena dānādikammavasena taṃtaṃāyuppamāṇaparicchinnaupādinnakakkhandhavasena ca bhinnāti. Catudoṇaṃ ambaṇaṃ, chadoṇanti eke.
(二)寿量之解释
(2.) Āyuppamāṇavaṇṇanā
1024“三类人”意指三类人群。
1024.Tayopijanāti tayo janasamūhāti adhippāyo.
1025“光”即美丽的光辉。
1025.Ābhāti sobhanā pabhā.
1026如金块般具光辉,故称金块般具光辉者。其中,本应说“以美丽光辉遍满而为遍净”,但将长音ā缩短,并将末音ṇa变为ha,遂成“遍净”;然其本义实为“以净妙遍满而为遍净”。前分诸词亦然:他们有少许净,故称“少净”;他们有无量净,故称“无量净”,应以“净”字作复合连结。
1026. Kañcanapiṇḍo viya sassirikā kañcanapiṇḍasassirikā. Tattha pana sobhanapabhāya kiṇṇā subhākiṇṇāti vattabbe ā-kārassa rassattaṃ antimaṇa-kārassa ha-kārañca katvā ‘‘subhakiṇhā’’ti vuttā, atha pana subhena kiṇṇā subhakiṇṇā. Purimapadesupi parittaṃ subhaṃ etesanti parittasubhā, appamāṇaṃ subhaṃ etesanti appamāṇasubhāti subha-saddena samāso yojetabbo hoti.
1027“所缘与作意于前分已说”意思是:在安止的刹那,或在安止之后,因为对于“少”等遍所缘的修习与转向,禅那并不存在所缘与作意的多样性;但是,由于前分的修习与前分的转向,它便具有多样性。依前分修习之力,禅那于少地遍等所缘上,有其各自的所缘;依前分对该所缘的转向,则有其各自的作意。然而,欲等在安止的刹那也仍然存在。其中,“志向”不应理解为渴爱,而应视为善法欲。“胜解”即是决定。“引向”即是心的投向。如果以“有欲”“有希求”等作为区分此有、彼有的决定因素,那么“即使在安止中也转起”应理解为:安止生起之后,它们随后还会转起。然而,如果以“想离染”等所差别之对象,以及于该处转起之作意,作为区分有之差别的决定者,则唯有前分有效,因此说“所缘与作意于前分已说”。
1027.Ārammaṇamanasikārā pubbabhāgena kathitāti jhānakkhaṇe tato pacchā vā parittādikasiṇārammaṇabhāvanāya āvajjanena ca jhānassa ārammaṇamanasikāranānattatā na hoti, pubbabhāgabhāvanāya pana pubbabhāgāvajjanena ca hotīti attho. Pubbabhāgabhāvanāya vasena hi jhānaṃ parittapathavīkasiṇādīsu taṃtadārammaṇaṃ hoti, pubbabhāgena taṃtaṃkasiṇāvajjanena taṃtaṃmanasikāranti. Chandādayo pana appanākkhaṇepi vijjanti. Tattha paṇidhīti na taṇhāpatthanā, atha kho chandapatthanāva daṭṭhabbā. Adhimokkho nicchayo. Abhinīhāro cittappavattiyeva. Yadi pana bhavachandabhavapatthanādayo taṃtaṃbhavavisesaniyāmakā adhippetā. ‘‘Appanāyapi vaṭṭantī’’ti etassa appanāya pavattāya tato pacchāpi vaṭṭantīti attho daṭṭhabbo. Saññāvirāgādīhi pana visesiyamānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ tathā tathā tattha pavatto manasikāro ca bhavavisesaniyāmako pubbabhāgova vaṭṭatīti ‘‘ārammaṇamanasikārā pubbabhāgena kathitā’’ti vuttaṃ.
“广大的果”:指广大安乐、长寿、美貌等果报。“善见”:以慧眼、肉眼及天眼而善见。
Vipulā phalāti vipulasantasukhāyuvaṇṇādiphalā. Suṭṭhu passanti paññācakkhunā maṃsadibbacakkhūhi ca.
1028如“只要彼恶业未尽”(《中部》3.250)所说,故说“业即是标准”,意指阿浮陀等寿量的限定也唯依业而决定。
1028. ‘‘Yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantī hotī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.250) vacanato ‘‘kammamevapamāṇa’’nti āha, abbudādiāyuppamāṇaparicchedo pana kammavaseneva katoti adhippāyo.
“无隐藏处”:指常被同类天女众围绕、充满欲乐者,并无离开她们的处所。
Nilīyanokāsassa abhāvāti samānajātikena accharāgaṇena sabbadā parivāriyamānassa kāmaguṇākiṇṇassa tabbirahitaṭṭhānassa abhāvāti attho.
决定什么?意思是:哪种禅那决定投生?这是其含义。“九梵天界”指遍历梵众天等九处后。“于顶”指在广果天,这是其义。“名为最胜有”意指由此不再转生更高之处,故为最胜有,这是其意旨。正因如此,才被称为“有之顶”。所谓“于此三处”,正是针对广果天等处而说。然而,对于在广果天之前的九处投生的不来圣者,由于他们会投生无色界,因此有言:“于色界死后投生无色界者,有些有七种随眠随增,有些有五种,有些有三种”(《双论·随眠双论》311),这并非针对投生于广果天等处者而说,此处的意旨或许如此。“生于九梵天界的圣弟子,唯有该处之投生,无下界之投生”这句话,仅遮止了下界投生,并未遮止在这些天界中逐层上升至广果天的投生以及无色界的投生。而“生于初禅地的不来者,遍历九梵天界后,住于顶而般涅槃”这句话,是针对渐次上进者而说,因此不应理解为遮止了未达其顶者投生无色界。
Kiṃ niyametīti kiṃ jhānaṃ upapattiṃ niyametīti attho. Nava brahmaloketi brahmapārisajjādayo navapi sodhetvā. Matthaketi vehapphalesūti attho. Seṭṭhabhavā nāmāti tato paraṃ agamanato uttamabhavāti adhippāyo. Teneva bhavasīsānīti gahitā. Imesu tīsu ṭhānesūti vehapphalādiṭṭhānāni eva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vehapphalato pana purimesu navasu nibbattaanāgāmī arūpadhātuṃ upapajjatīti katvā ‘‘rūpadhātuyā cutassa arūpadhātuṃ upapajjantassa kassaci satta anusayā anusenti, kassaci pañca, kassaci tayo anusentī’’ti (yama. 2.anusayayamaka.311) idaṃ vuttaṃ, na vehapphalādīsu upapannaṃ sandhāyāti ayamettha adhippāyo siyā. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘navasu brahmalokesu nibbattaariyasāvakānaṃ tatrūpapattiyeva hoti, na heṭṭhūpapattī’’ti, etena heṭṭhūpapatti eva nivāritā, na tesveva uparūpari vehapphale ca upapatti arūpadhātūpapatti ca. ‘‘Paṭhamajjhānabhūmiyaṃ nibbatto anāgāmī nava brahmaloke sodhetvā matthake ṭhito parinibbātī’’ti idampi anupubbena ārohantaṃ sandhāya vuttanti na tena tassa matthakaṃ appattassa arūpadhātuṃ upapatti nivāritāti daṭṭhabbā.
或者,此注释是针对这样一位圣弟子而说:他于他处或此处修习圣道,死后投生于该处,但尚未镇伏色贪。正因如此,在“生于九梵天界的圣弟子”“生于初禅地的不来者”“于此三处投生的不来者”等各处,都使用了“投生”一词。然而,这位圣弟子既然已在其投生之处镇伏了色贪,便不会对“有”再起希求,因此也必将断除无色贪。或者,其意旨可能是这样:凡夫投生该处后,修习圣道,依无色界定镇伏了色贪,当道心生起时,观见所生之有的过患,其“有”之希求不复退转,依于此人而展开了《双论》的圣典。
Yo vā aññattha tattha vā maggaṃ bhāvetvā cavitvā tattha upapanno avikkhambhitarūparāgo ariyasāvako, taṃ sandhāya ayaṃ aṭṭhakathā vuttā. Teneva ‘‘navasu brahmalokesu nibbattaariyasāvakāna’’nti, ‘‘paṭhamajjhānabhūmiyaṃ nibbatto anāgāmī’’ti, ‘‘imesu tīsu ṭhānesu nibbattaanāgāmino’’ti ca sabbattha nibbattaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Tassa pana yena tattha upapanno, tasmiṃ rūparāge vikkhambhite puna bhavābhilāso na bhavissatīti arūparāgupacchedo ca bhavissatiyeva. Yo pana puthujjano tattha nibbatto ariyamaggaṃ bhāvetvā arūpehi vikkhambhitarūparāgo uppanne magge nibbattabhavādīnavadassanavasena anivattitabhavābhilāso, tassa vasena yamakapāḷi pavattāti vā ayamattho adhippeto siyā.
七、应证知等门之解释
7. Abhiññeyyādivāravaṇṇanā
1030“色以恼坏为相,触以触对为相”等,如此把握共相与不共相,即是把握自相;度疑清净是知遍知;此后乃至随顺,为度遍知;从生灭随观开始乃至道,为断遍知。
1030. ‘‘Ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ rūpaṃ, phusanalakkhaṇo phasso’’tiādinā sāmaññavisesalakkhaṇapariggāhikā salakkhaṇapariggāhikā diṭṭhikaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiyo ñātapariññā, tato paraṃ yāva anulomā tīraṇapariññā, udayabbayānupassanato paṭṭhāya yāva maggā pahānapariññā.
“于彼处”意指:对于蕴等,在蕴分别等问分中应说的已经说了;而因等已包含于蕴等之中,故于彼处问分中应说的,实已说了。
Tattha tatthāti khandhādīnaṃ tāva khandhavibhaṅgādīsu pañhapucchakavāre vattabbaṃ vuttaṃ, hetuādīnañca khandhādīsu antogadhattā tattha tattha pañhapucchakavāre vattabbaṃ vuttamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.