4. 魔罗相应巴利 4. Mārasaṃyuttaṃ
全书 319 段
1. 苦行经巴利
1. Tapokammasuttaṃ
137 如是我闻:一时,世尊初成正觉,住于优楼频螺(Uruvelā) 的尼连禅河(Nerañjarā) 边,牧羊人的榕树下。那时,世尊独处静坐,心中生起如是思惟:“我确实从那艰难的苦行中解脱了。萨度(sādhu,古译:善哉) ,我确实从那种无益、艰辛的苦行中解脱了。萨度,我已解脱,证得觉悟。”巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘mutto vatamhi tāya dukkarakārikāya. Sādhu mutto vatamhi tāya anatthasaṃhitāya dukkarakārikāya. Sādhu vatamhi mutto bodhiṃ samajjhaga’’nti .
那时,恶魔波旬以心感知世尊的心念,便来到世尊面前,以偈颂对他说:巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你离开了那种人们并不能藉以清净的苦行;
你本不清净,却自以为清净;你已偏离了清净之道。”巴利
‘‘Tapokammā apakkamma, yena na sujjhanti māṇavā; Asuddho maññasi suddho, suddhimaggā aparaddho’’ ti.
那时,世尊了知“此是魔罗波旬”,便以偈颂对魔罗波旬说道:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā ‘‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’’ iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
“ 他明白:一切号称“不死”的苦行,皆与无益相伴,
一切无益,就像船上的桨和舵一样。
“ 修习戒、定、慧,这导向觉悟之道,
我已证得无上清净,你已被击败,死神!”巴利
‘‘Anatthasaṃhitaṃ ñatvā, yaṃ kiñci amaraṃ tapaṃ ; Sabbaṃ natthāvahaṃ hoti, phiyārittaṃva dhammani . ‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhi paññañca, maggaṃ bodhāya bhāvayaṃ; Pattosmi paramaṃ suddhiṃ, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬心想:“世尊已了知我!善逝已了知我!”他痛苦、懊恼,当场消失不见了。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ bhagavā, jānāti maṃ sugato’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
2. 象王赞经巴利
2. Hatthirājavaṇṇasuttaṃ
138 如是我闻:一时,世尊初成正觉,住在优楼频螺的尼连禅河岸边,阿阇波罗榕树下(Ajapālanigrodhamūla) 。那时,世尊在深沉的黑夜中露地而坐,天空飘着微雨。这时,魔罗波旬想让世尊生起恐惧、惊怖、身毛竖立,便化作一头巨大的象王,逼近世尊。他的头大如一块巨大的皂石;牙如纯银;鼻如一根大犁柄。世尊认出了魔罗波旬,便以偈颂对他说——巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho . Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Seyyathāpi nāma mahāariṭṭhako maṇi, evamassa sīsaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ rūpiyaṃ, evamassa dantā honti. Seyyathāpi nāma mahatī naṅgalīsā , evamassa soṇḍo hoti. Atha kho bhagavā ‘‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’’ iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 在漫长的轮回流转中,你曾造作或妙或劣的种种形色;
够了,波旬!你已被击溃,你这死神啊。”巴利
‘‘Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, vaṇṇaṃ katvā subhāsubhaṃ; Alaṃ te tena pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.
这时,魔罗波旬心想:“世尊认出了我,善逝认出了我。”他忧愁、沮丧,就在原地消失了。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ bhagavā, jānāti maṃ sugato’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
139 如是我闻:一时,世尊住于优楼频螺的尼连禅河畔,阿阇波罗榕树下,初成正觉。那时,世尊在漆黑的暗夜中,正于露天端坐,天空飘落着细雨。当时,魔罗波旬欲令世尊生起恐惧、战栗与身毛竖立,便向世尊走近。走近后,于距世尊不远处,他显现出种种高低、美丑的形色。这时,世尊了知:“此是魔罗波旬。”便以偈颂对魔罗波旬说:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho māro pāpimā, bhagavato bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato avidūre uccāvacā vaṇṇanibhā upadaṃseti, subhā ceva asubhā ca. Atha kho bhagavā ‘‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’’ iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
“ 在漫长的轮回流转中,你曾造作或妙或劣的种种形色;
够了,波旬!你已被击败,你这终结者啊。
“ 凡是以身、以语、以意,善加防护的人,
他们不堕魔罗的掌控,也非魔罗所缚之人。”巴利
‘‘Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, vaṇṇaṃ katvā subhāsubhaṃ; Alaṃ te tena pāpima, nihato tvamasi antaka. ‘‘Ye ca kāyena vācāya, manasā ca susaṃvutā; Na te māravasānugā, na te mārassa baddhagū’’ ti.
那时,魔罗……便在那里消失不现。巴利
Atha kho māro…pe… tatthevantaradhāyīti.
4. 魔索第一经巴利
4. Paṭhamamārapāsasuttaṃ
140 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在波罗奈(Bārāṇasī) 的仙人堕处(Isipatana) 鹿野苑(Migadāya) 。在那里,世尊对比丘们说:“诸比丘。”
“尊者。”诸比丘回应世尊。世尊这样说:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,我由如理作意、如理正勤,证得并亲证了无上解脱。你们诸比丘也应由如理作意、如理正勤,去证得并亲证无上解脱。”这时,魔罗波旬来到世尊面前,以偈颂对他说:巴利
‘‘Mayhaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā yoniso sammappadhānā anuttarā vimutti anuppattā, anuttarā vimutti sacchikatā. Tumhepi, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā yoniso sammappadhānā anuttaraṃ vimuttiṃ anupāpuṇātha, anuttaraṃ vimuttiṃ sacchikarothā’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你已被魔罗的罗网所缚,无论是天上的还是人间的。”
你已被魔束缚,沙门,你无法从我手中逃脱!
“ 我已从魔网中解脱,无论是天界的网罗,还是人间的网罗;
我已从魔的束缚中解脱,终结者,你已被击败了!”巴利
‘‘Baddhosi mārapāsena, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mārabandhanabaddhosi, na me samaṇa mokkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Muttāhaṃ mārapāsena, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mārabandhanamuttomhi, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬……便于该处消失无踪。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā…pe… tatthevantaradhāyīti.
5. 第二 魔罗的陷阱经巴利
5. Dutiyamārapāsasuttaṃ
141 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在波罗奈的仙人堕处鹿野苑。于此,世尊对众比丘说:“诸比丘。”
“尊者。”那些比丘回应世尊。世尊如是说——巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,我已从一切罗网中解脱,无论是天界的还是人间的。诸比丘,你们也已从一切罗网中解脱,无论是天界的还是人间的。诸比丘,为了大众的利益与安乐,出于对世间的悲悯,为诸天神与人的福祉、利益与安乐,你们去游行吧。莫两人同行一道。去宣说那初善、中善、后善,文义具足的法;去彰显完全圆满、清净的梵行。有些众生尘垢稀薄,因不听闻法而退失,他们将成为法的了知者。诸比丘,我也将前往优楼频螺的斯那尼村,为了说法。”那时,魔罗波旬来到世尊那里,走近后以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
‘‘Muttāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbapāsehi ye dibbā ye ca mānusā. Tumhepi, bhikkhave, muttā sabbapāsehi ye dibbā ye ca mānusā. Caratha, bhikkhave, cārikaṃ bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Mā ekena dve agamittha. Desetha, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetha. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro. Ahampi, bhikkhave, yena uruvelā senānigamo tenupasaṅkamissāmi dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你被天界与人间的一切罗网所缚;”
你被大系缚所缚,沙门,你无法从我解脱。
“ 我从天上人间的一切束缚中解脱,”
“ 我已从巨大的缠缚中解脱。终结者,你已被击败。”巴利
‘‘Baddhosi sabbapāsehi, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mahābandhanabaddhosi, na me samaṇa mokkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Muttāhaṃ sabbapāsehi, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mahābandhanamuttomhi, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬便就地消失。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā…pe… tatthevantaradhāyīti.
142 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha) 的竹林松鼠园。那时,世尊在深夜的黑暗中,于露天处静坐,天空正下着细雨。巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati.
那时,魔罗波旬想要让世尊心生恐惧、惊慌、毛发竖立,便化作一条巨大的蛇王形象,向世尊走来。它的身躯就如同一艘用整棵树凿成的大船;颈部膨起犹如大酒筛;双眼犹如科萨利国的大铜盘;口中伸缩的舌头,如同暴雨时乌云中迸发的闪电;它的呼吸声,便如同铁匠拉动的风箱发出的声响。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo mahantaṃ sapparājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Seyyathāpi nāma mahatī ekarukkhikā nāvā, evamassa kāyo hoti. Seyyathāpi nāma mahantaṃ soṇḍikākiḷañjaṃ, evamassa phaṇo hoti. Seyyathāpi nāma mahatī kosalikā kaṃsapāti, evamassa akkhīni bhavanti. Seyyathāpi nāma deve gaḷagaḷāyante vijjullatā niccharanti, evamassa mukhato jivhā niccharati. Seyyathāpi nāma kammāragaggariyā dhamamānāya saddo hoti, evamassa assāsapassāsānaṃ saddo hoti.
那时,世尊了知“此是魔罗波旬”,便以偈颂对魔罗波旬说:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā ‘‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’’ iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
“ 凡亲近空屋者,
那自制的牟尼更为殊胜。
他应彻底放下,于中游居。
那样的所在,正合宜于如此之人。
“ 虽有众多游走可怖之物,众多恐怖之物,
纵使蚊虫与爬虫众多,
于彼处,毫毛亦不动摇。
大牟尼住于空寂之处。
“ 纵使苍天崩裂,大地动摇,
一切众生悉皆惊惶;
纵使他们将利箭刺入胸膛,
诸佛不以依着为庇护。”巴利
‘‘Yo suññagehāni sevati, Seyyo so muni attasaññato; Vossajja careyya tattha so, Patirūpañhi tathāvidhassa taṃ. ‘‘Carakā bahū bheravā bahū, Atho ḍaṃsasarīsapā bahū; Lomampi na tattha iñjaye, Suññāgāragato mahāmuni. ‘‘Nabhaṃ phaleyya pathavī caleyya, Sabbepi pāṇā uda santaseyyuṃ; Sallampi ce urasi pakappayeyyuṃ, Upadhīsu tāṇaṃ na karonti buddhā’’ti.
这时,魔罗波旬心想:“世尊认出了我,善逝认出了我。”他痛苦、沮丧,便于彼处消失不见。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ bhagavā, jānāti maṃ sugato’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
7. 《善眠经》巴利
7. Supatisuttaṃ
143 有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀园(Kalanda) 。那时,世尊在露天中经行了大半夜,到破晓时分,洗净双足,进入住所,右侧作狮子卧,双脚交叠,正念正知,作意起身想。这时,魔罗波旬来到世尊面前,以偈颂对他说:巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho bhagavā bahudevarattiṃ abbhokāse caṅkamitvā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ pāde pakkhāletvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你为何睡?为何还在睡?
怎么像个不幸者一般睡在这里?
你竟睡在空屋中?
这算什么?太阳都已升起,你还在睡。”
“ 对于那如网般黏着的渴爱,它已无处可依而止息。
无有渴爱能将他牵至任何处。
佛陀已灭尽一切依着。
他安眠,魔罗,此事与你何干?”巴利
‘‘Kiṃ soppasi kiṃ nu soppasi, Kimidaṃ soppasi dubbhago viya; Suññamagāranti soppasi, Kimidaṃ soppasi sūriye uggate’’ti. ‘‘Yassa jālinī visattikā, Taṇhā natthi kuhiñci netave; Sabbūpadhiparikkhayā buddho, Soppati kiṃ tavettha mārā’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬……便在那个地方消失无踪。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā…pe… tatthevantaradhāyīti.
144 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城(Sāvatthī) 的祇树给孤独园。那时,魔罗波旬来到世尊跟前,走近之后,在世尊面前说出此偈:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
“ 有子女的人,因子女而欢喜;有牛的人,同样因牛而欢喜。
人的欢喜,确实来自依着;没有依着的人,便无欢喜。”
“ 有子女的人,因子女而忧愁;有牛的人,同样因牛而忧愁。
众生的忧愁,确实来自依着;而无有依着的人,便无忧愁。”巴利
‘‘Nandati puttehi puttimā, gomā gobhi tatheva nandati; Upadhīhi narassa nandanā, na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī’’ti. ‘‘Socati puttehi puttimā, gomā gobhi tatheva socati; Upadhīhi narassa socanā, na hi so socati yo nirūpadhī’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬知道:“世尊认出了我!善逝认出了我!”便痛苦而沮丧,当即消失于该处。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ bhagavā, jānāti maṃ sugato’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
9. 第一寿命经巴利
9. Paṭhamaāyusuttaṃ
145 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀园。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“诸比丘。”诸比丘回答:“尊者。”世尊这样说道:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,人的寿命何其短暂。来生是必去之处,应当行持善法,应当修习梵行。凡有生者,无有不死。诸比丘,纵使活得长久,也不过百年,或百年稍余。”巴利
‘‘Appamidaṃ, bhikkhave, manussānaṃ āyu. Gamanīyo samparāyo, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yo, bhikkhave, ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬来到世尊前,以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 人类的寿命漫长,善人不应轻视它;
应如乳婴般生活,死亡尚未到来。”
“ 人的寿命极其短促,真正的善者鄙弃它;
应当像头顶着火一般急切地过活,因为死亡必定到来。”巴利
‘‘Dīghamāyu manussānaṃ, na naṃ hīḷe suporiso; Careyya khīramattova, natthi maccussa āgamo’’ti. ‘‘Appamāyu manussānaṃ, hīḷeyya naṃ suporiso; Careyyādittasīsova, natthi maccussa nāgamo’’ti.
那时,魔罗……便在那里消失不见了。巴利
Atha kho māro…pe… tatthevantaradhāyīti.
10. 第二寿命经巴利
10. Dutiyaāyusuttaṃ
146 如是我闻:一时,世尊住于王舍城的竹林迦兰陀迦园(Kalandakanivāpa) 。在那里,世尊……如是说道——巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tatra kho bhagavā…pe… etadavoca –
“诸比丘,人的寿命实在短暂。前路即是来世,应当行于善法,应当修习梵行。已生之人,无有不死者。诸比丘,纵使活得长久,也不过百年,或多出些许。”巴利
‘‘Appamidaṃ, bhikkhave, manussānaṃ āyu. Gamanīyo samparāyo, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yo, bhikkhave, ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo’’ti.
那时,魔罗波旬来到世尊前,以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 昼夜并不流逝,寿命亦不中断;
凡夫的寿命持续流转,犹如轮辋绕车毂。”
“ 日夜流逝,生命猝然中断;
凡人的寿命耗尽,犹如小河的流水。”巴利
‘‘Nāccayanti ahorattā, jīvitaṃ nūparujjhati; Āyu anupariyāyati, maccānaṃ nemīva rathakubbara’’nti. ‘‘Accayanti ahorattā, jīvitaṃ uparujjhati; Āyu khīyati maccānaṃ, kunnadīnaṃva odaka’’nti.
这时,魔罗波旬心想:“世尊识破我了,善逝识破我了。”他痛苦、沮丧,便从原处消失。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ bhagavā, jānāti maṃ sugato’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
《苦行经》、《龙象经》、《善美经》,以及两部《魔索经》;
《蛇经》《善眠经》《欢喜经》,以及另外两部《寿命经》巴利
Tapokammañca nāgo ca, subhaṃ pāsena te duve; Sappo supati nandanaṃ, āyunā apare duveti.
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