1. 众多经巴利
1. Sambahulasuttaṃ
157 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在释迦族的石瓦提亚。那时,众多比丘于世尊不远处,精勤、热忱、坚定而住。这时,魔罗波旬化作婆罗门形象:头顶大螺髻,身披羚羊皮,老迈驼背,身弯犹如屋椽,喉中呼呼作声,手执乌昙跋罗木杖,朝那些比丘走去。走近后,他对那些比丘说:“尊者们正值年少出家,头发乌黑,青春盛年,尚在人生之初,还未曾充分受用欲乐。请尊者们受用世间欲乐吧,莫要舍却眼前可见的,去追逐那属于未来的。” “婆罗门,我们并非舍却眼前可见的,而去追逐属于未来的。婆罗门,我们恰恰是舍却了属于未来的,而趋赴眼前可见的。婆罗门,因为世尊说过:欲乐属于未来,多苦、多忧恼,其中有更大的过患;而此法则是现见之法,不待时节,可邀来观见,导向解脱,是由智者各自亲证的。”如此说后,魔罗波旬摇了摇头,吐出舌头,在额头上皱出三道深纹,拄着手杖离开了。巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati silāvatiyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavato avidūre appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharanti. Atha kho māro pāpimā brāhmaṇavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā mahantena jaṭaṇḍuvena ajinakkhipanivattho jiṇṇo gopānasivaṅko ghurughurupassāsī udumbaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘daharā bhavanto pabbajitā susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikkīḷitāvino kāmesu. Bhuñjantu bhavanto mānusake kāme. Mā sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvitthā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvāma. Kālikañca kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hitvā sandiṭṭhikaṃ anudhāvāma. Kālikā hi, brāhmaṇa, kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, māro pāpimā sīsaṃ okampetvā jivhaṃ nillāletvā tivisākhaṃ nalāṭe nalāṭikaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā daṇḍamolubbha pakkāmi.
那时,那些比丘前往世尊处,顶礼世尊后退坐一面。坐定后,他们便对世尊说:“尊者,我们在离世尊不远处,不放逸、精勤、坚定而住。正当那时,尊者,有一位婆罗门,蓄着巨大的螺髻,身披羊皮衣,因年迈而背弯如屋梁,呼吸间带着呼噜之声,拄着一根乌昙跋罗木杖朝我们走来。走近后,对我们这样说:‘诸位尊者尚且年少出家,童颜乌发,正值青春盛年,在人生初期亦未耽著欲乐。请诸位尊者享受这人间欲乐吧!莫要舍离现前可见的,而去追求需要等待的。’尊者,听他这么说了,我们便这样回答那位婆罗门:‘婆罗门,我们并非舍离现前可见的,而去追求需要等待的。婆罗门,我们恰恰是舍离了需要等待的,而去追求现前可见的。因为,婆罗门,世尊说过:欲乐是需要等待的,它苦多、恼多,其中的过患更为深重;而此法则是现前可见的、不待时的、来见即知的、导向解脱的,每一位智者都应当亲证。’尊者,我们这样说完,那位婆罗门便摇了摇头,吐了吐舌头,额上皱起了三道深纹,拄着木杖离开了。”巴利
Atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato avidūre appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāma. Atha kho, bhante, aññataro brāhmaṇo mahantena jaṭaṇḍuvena ajinakkhipanivattho jiṇṇo gopānasivaṅko ghurughurupassāsī udumbaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā yena mayaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā amhe etadavoca – ‘daharā bhavanto pabbajitā susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikkīḷitāvino kāmesu. Bhuñjantu bhavanto mānusake kāme. Mā sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvitthā’ti. Evaṃ vutte, mayaṃ, bhante, taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocumha – ‘na kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvāma. Kālikañca kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hitvā sandiṭṭhikaṃ anudhāvāma. Kālikā hi, brāhmaṇa, kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhante, so brāhmaṇo sīsaṃ okampetvā jivhaṃ nillāletvā tivisākhaṃ nalāṭe nalāṭikaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā daṇḍamolubbha pakkanto’’ti.
“比丘们,那不是婆罗门。那是魔罗波旬,他前来正是为了蒙蔽你们的双眼。”那时,世尊了知此义,即于那时,说此偈曰:巴利
‘‘Neso, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇo. Māro eso pāpimā tumhākaṃ vicakkhukammāya āgato’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
“ 已见苦及苦之因,
既已见到苦的根源,那众生怎会还耽著在欲乐中?
了知世间中的依着为结缚,
那众生便应为断除它而修学。”巴利
‘‘Yo dukkhamaddakkhi yatonidānaṃ, Kāmesu so jantu kathaṃ nameyya; Upadhiṃ viditvā saṅgoti loke, Tasseva jantu vinayāya sikkhe’’ti.
2. 三弥提经巴利
2. Samiddhisuttaṃ
158 一时,世尊住在释迦人中的私罗瓦提。那时,具寿三弥提在世尊不远处,不放逸、精勤、意志坚定地安住。当时,具寿三弥提在独处静修时,心中生起这样的思惟:“我得此为大利,我得此为善得——我所遇见的导师是阿拉汉、正自觉者。我得此为大利,我得此为善得——我于如是善说的法、律中出家。我得此为大利,我得此为善得——我所遇见的同梵行者们具足戒行、善妙功德!”当时,魔罗波旬以心洞察了具寿三弥提心中所生之念,便来到具寿三弥提处。来后,在具寿三弥提不远处发出一阵巨大恐怖的声响,仿佛大地正在崩裂。巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati silāvatiyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā samiddhi bhagavato avidūre appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharati. Atha kho āyasmato samiddhissa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me satthā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yvāhaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajito. Lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me sabrahmacārino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā āyasmato samiddhissa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yenāyasmā samiddhi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato samiddhissa avidūre mahantaṃ bhayabheravaṃ saddamakāsi, apissudaṃ pathavī maññe undrīyati.
于是,具寿三弥提来至世尊之处。到已,顶礼世尊,于一面坐。于一面坐定后,具寿三弥提对世尊这样说:“尊者,我在此处,于世尊不远处,安住于不放逸、勤勉与心意坚定之中。尊者,当我独处静修时,心中生起了这样的思惟:‘这真是我的获益,这真是我的善得——我所值遇的导师是阿拉汉、正自觉者。这真是我的获益,这真是我的善得——我能在如此善说的法与律中出家。这真是我的获益,这真是我的善得——我所值遇的同梵行者们皆具足戒行与善妙功德。’尊者,恰于此时,从我不远处传来一阵巨大而可怖的声响,犹如大地正在崩裂。”巴利
Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno āyasmā samiddhi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato avidūre appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharāmi. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me satthā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yvāhaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajito. Lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me sabrahmacārino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, avidūre mahābhayabheravasaddo ahosi, apissudaṃ pathavī maññe undrīyatī’’ti.
“三弥提,那并非大地在崩裂。那是魔罗波旬,前来迷惑你的双眼。你去吧,三弥提,就回到那里,不放逸、精勤、坚定地安住。” “是的,世尊。”具寿三弥提应诺世尊后,从座起身,向世尊作礼,右绕后离去。第二次,具寿三弥提又在那同一处所,不放逸、精勤、坚定地安住。第二次,具寿三弥提于独处隐居时……第二次,魔罗波旬以心了知具寿三弥提心中的念头……又如同大地正在崩裂。于是,具寿三弥提以偈颂对魔罗波旬说:巴利
‘‘Nesā, samiddhi, pathavī undrīyati. Māro eso pāpimā tuyhaṃ vicakkhukammāya āgato. Gaccha tvaṃ, samiddhi, tattheva appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharāhī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā samiddhi bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā samiddhi tattheva appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihāsi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmato samiddhissa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa…pe… dutiyampi kho māro pāpimā āyasmato samiddhissa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya…pe… apissudaṃ pathavī maññe undrīyati. Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 我由信心而出家,从在家迈向无家;
我的正念与智慧已然成熟,心也善入禅定,寂静坚固;
任你幻化种种相,也动摇不了我。”巴利
‘‘Saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ; Sati paññā ca me buddhā, cittañca susamāhitaṃ; Kāmaṃ karassu rūpāni, neva maṃ byādhayissasī’’ti.
于是,魔罗波旬心想:“三弥提比丘认出了我。”便忧恼、沮丧,就地消失不见了。巴利
Atha kho māro pāpimā ‘‘jānāti maṃ samiddhi bhikkhū’’ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.
3. 瞿低迦经巴利
3. Godhikasuttaṃ
159 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀园。那时,具寿瞿低迦住于伊师耆利山侧的黑石之处。当时,具寿瞿低迦不放逸、精勤、心志坚定地安住,证得了暂时的心解脱。而后,具寿瞿低迦又从这暂时的心解脱中退堕。第二次,具寿瞿低迦不放逸、精勤、心志坚定地安住,证得了暂时的心解脱。第二次,具寿瞿低迦又从这暂时的心解脱中退堕。第三次,具寿瞿低迦不放逸、精勤、心志坚定地安住,证得了暂时的心解脱。第三次,具寿瞿低迦同样从中退堕。第四次,具寿瞿低迦不放逸……证得了心解脱。第四次,具寿瞿低迦又从……退堕。第五次,具寿瞿低迦……证得了暂时的心解脱。第五次,具寿……又从这心解脱中退堕。第六次,具寿瞿低迦不放逸、精勤、心志坚定地安住,证得了暂时的心解脱。第六次,具寿瞿低迦又从这暂时的心解脱中退堕。第七次,具寿瞿低迦不放逸、精勤、心志坚定地安住,证得了暂时的心解脱。巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā godhiko isigilipasse viharati kāḷasilāyaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto sāmayikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusi. Atha kho āyasmā godhiko tamhā sāmayikāya cetovimuttiyā parihāyi . Dutiyampi kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto sāmayikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā godhiko tamhā sāmayikāya cetovimuttiyā parihāyi. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto sāmayikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusi. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā godhiko tamhā…pe… parihāyi. Catutthampi kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto…pe… vimuttiṃ phusi . Catutthampi kho āyasmā godhiko tamhā…pe… parihāyi. Pañcamampi kho āyasmā godhiko…pe… cetovimuttiṃ phusi. Pañcamampi kho āyasmā…pe… vimuttiyā parihāyi. Chaṭṭhampi kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto sāmayikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusi. Chaṭṭhampi kho āyasmā godhiko tamhā sāmayikāya cetovimuttiyā parihāyi. Sattamampi kho āyasmā godhiko appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto sāmayikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusi.
那时,具寿瞿低迦心中生起这样的念头:“我已六次从一时的心解脱退堕。不如我现在就取刀自杀吧。”魔罗波旬以心了知具寿瞿低迦心中的念头,便来到世尊处,以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho āyasmato godhikassa etadahosi – ‘‘yāva chaṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ sāmayikāya cetovimuttiyā parihīno. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ satthaṃ āhareyya’’nti. Atha kho māro pāpimā āyasmato godhikassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
“ 大雄大慧,以神通与名声光耀;
您已超越一切怨仇与畏怖,具眼者,我顶礼您的双足。
“ 大雄、死魔的征服者啊,您的弟子正渴求死亡;
“ 他正盼求、谋划着此事,光辉之主,请您制止他!”
“ 世尊啊,您的弟子,喜爱您的教法,如何……”
心意未成就的有学,如何自断性命?巴利
‘‘Mahāvīra mahāpañña, iddhiyā yasasā jala; Sabbaverabhayātīta, pāde vandāmi cakkhuma. ‘‘Sāvako te mahāvīra, maraṇaṃ maraṇābhibhū; Ākaṅkhati cetayati, taṃ nisedha jutindhara. ‘‘Kathañhi bhagavā tuyhaṃ, sāvako sāsane rato; Appattamānaso sekkho, kālaṃ kayirā janesutā’’ti.
那时,具寿瞿低迦已取刀自尽。世尊了知“此是魔罗波旬”后,便以偈颂对魔罗波旬说:巴利
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato godhikena satthaṃ āharitaṃ hoti. Atha kho bhagavā ‘‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’’ iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 智者正是如此而行:他们不贪恋生命;
渴爱及其根源已被连根拔除,瞿低迦已般涅槃。”巴利
‘‘Evañhi dhīrā kubbanti, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ; Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, godhiko parinibbuto’’ti.
那时,世尊对诸比丘说:“来吧,比丘们,我们一同前往仙人山侧的黑石处,善男子瞿低迦正是在那里执刀自尽的。”“是,世尊。”诸比丘这样回应世尊。巴利
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āyāma, bhikkhave, yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkamissāma yattha godhikena kulaputtena satthaṃ āharita’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ.
那时,世尊与众多比丘一同前往仙人山侧的黑石。世尊远远望见尊者瞿低迦倒在床上,五蕴已舍弃。其时,有一团黑烟般的暗影,正飘向东方、西方、北方、南方、上方、下方及诸中间方。巴利
Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ godhikaṃ dūratova mañcake vivattakkhandhaṃ semānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena dhūmāyitattaṃ timirāyitattaṃ gacchateva purimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ, gacchati adho, gacchati anudisaṃ.
于是,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,你们可看见那团黑烟般的暗影,正飘向东方、西方、北方、南方、上方、下方及诸中间方吗?”“是的,世尊。”“诸比丘,那正是魔罗波旬,在搜寻善男子瞿低迦的识:‘善男子瞿低迦的识住于何处?’然而,诸比丘,善男子瞿低迦是以无所住的识般涅槃的。”其时,魔罗波旬持着贝卢瓦木黄琵琶,来到世尊处;到后,以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, etaṃ dhūmāyitattaṃ timirāyitattaṃ gacchateva purimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ, gacchati adho, gacchati anudisa’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Eso kho, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesati – ‘kattha godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhita’nti? Appatiṭṭhitena ca, bhikkhave, viññāṇena godhiko kulaputto parinibbuto’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 上方、下方与横向,四方及诸中间方,我遍寻了一切处,
我遍寻四处,却不知其踪——那位瞿低迦,究竟去了哪里?”
“ 那位具足决意的智者,一位常修禅那、乐于禅那的禅修者;
他日夜相继精勤修习,于命无所恋慕。
“ 他战胜了死魔大军,不再受生于后有;
“ 连根拔除了渴爱,瞿低迦已般涅槃。”
“ 他为忧愁所胜,琴从腋下滑落;
那夜叉内心沮丧,便在那里消失不见。”巴利
‘‘Uddhaṃ adho ca tiriyaṃ, disā anudisā svahaṃ; Anvesaṃ nādhigacchāmi, godhiko so kuhiṃ gato’’ti. ‘‘Yo dhīro dhitisampanno, jhāyī jhānarato sadā; Ahorattaṃ anuyuñjaṃ, jīvitaṃ anikāmayaṃ. ‘‘Jetvāna maccuno senaṃ, anāgantvā punabbhavaṃ; Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, godhiko parinibbuto’’ti. ‘‘Tassa sokaparetassa, vīṇā kacchā abhassatha; Tato so dummano yakkho, tatthevantaradhāyathā’’ti .
4. 七年追逐经巴利
4. Sattavassānubandhasuttaṃ
160 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在优楼频螺的尼连禅河岸边牧羊人的榕树下。那时,魔罗波旬已跟随世尊整整七年,伺机寻找可乘之漏,却始终无机可乘。于是,魔罗波旬来到世尊面前,以偈颂对世尊说道:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe. Tena kho pana samayena māro pāpimā sattavassāni bhagavantaṃ anubandho hoti otārāpekkho otāraṃ alabhamāno. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你是沉溺于忧伤,才在林中坐禅吗?
是失去了财富,还是心有所求?
你在村中可曾造下什么罪过?
你为何不与人作证?
任何人都不能成为你的见证人吗?”
“ 我已掘尽一切忧愁之根,
我无过失而禅修,无忧无虑;
断除对一切‘有’的贪爱渴求后,
“ 我无漏而禅修,放逸者的亲属啊。”
“ 凡人们称为‘我的’之物,以及那些说‘这是我的’之人——
若你的心系著于此,沙门,你便无法从我这里解脱。”
“ 他们所说的并非我的;那些说的人,我不是他们。
波旬,你当知晓:你连我所行的路都见不到。”
“ 若你已觉悟那安稳、通往不死的道路,”
去吧,你独自走那条路吧,何必还要教导他人呢?
“ 那些渡往彼岸的人,总会探问超越死亡之域;
当他们问我时,我便如实解说:那真实,即是无所依着。”巴利
‘‘Sokāvatiṇṇo nu vanamhi jhāyasi, Vittaṃ nu jīno uda patthayāno; Āguṃ nu gāmasmimakāsi kiñci, Kasmā janena na karosi sakkhiṃ; Sakkhī na sampajjati kenaci te’’ti. ‘‘Sokassa mūlaṃ palikhāya sabbaṃ, Anāgu jhāyāmi asocamāno; Chetvāna sabbaṃ bhavalobhajappaṃ, Anāsavo jhāyāmi pamattabandhū’’ti. ‘‘Yaṃ vadanti mama yidanti, ye vadanti mamanti ca; Ettha ce te mano atthi, na me samaṇa mokkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Yaṃ vadanti na taṃ mayhaṃ, ye vadanti na te ahaṃ; Evaṃ pāpima jānāhi, na me maggampi dakkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Sace maggaṃ anubuddhaṃ, khemaṃ amatagāminaṃ; Apehi gaccha tvameveko, kimaññamanusāsasī’’ti. ‘‘Amaccudheyyaṃ pucchanti, ye janā pāragāmino; Tesāhaṃ puṭṭho akkhāmi, yaṃ saccaṃ taṃ nirūpadhi’’nti.
“尊者,譬如在不远的一个村落或城镇附近,有一方池塘,其中住着一只螃蟹。那时,许多男孩或女孩从那个村落或城镇出来,走向那方池塘。到达后,他们将那只螃蟹从水中捞出,放在干地上。每当那螃蟹伸出一只螯,那些男孩或女孩便用木棍或石块将其砸断、砸碎、砸毁。如是,当那只螃蟹所有的螯都被砸断、砸碎、砸毁之后,它便再也不能回到那方池塘中去了。同样地,尊者,我过去所有那些扭曲、缠绕、窜动的把戏,都已被世尊一一截断、砸碎、砸毁了。因此,尊者,我如今再也不能为寻隙挑剔而接近世尊了。”随后,魔罗波旬便在世尊面前,诵出这些厌离的偈颂——巴利
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre pokkharaṇī. Tatrassa kakkaṭako. Atha kho, bhante, sambahulā kumārakā vā kumārikāyo vā tamhā gāmā vā nigamā vā nikkhamitvā yena sā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkameyyuṃ; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ kakkaṭakaṃ udakā uddharitvā thale patiṭṭhapeyyuṃ. Yaṃ yadeva hi so, bhante, kakkaṭako aḷaṃ abhininnāmeyya taṃ tadeva te kumārakā vā kumārikāyo vā kaṭṭhena vā kathalāya vā sañchindeyyuṃ sambhañjeyyuṃ sampalibhañjeyyuṃ. Evañhi so, bhante, kakkaṭako sabbehi aḷehi sañchinnehi sambhaggehi sampalibhaggehi abhabbo taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ otarituṃ. Evameva kho, bhante, yāni kānici visūkāyikāni visevitāni vipphanditāni, sabbāni tāni bhagavatā sañchinnāni sambhaggāni sampalibhaggāni. Abhabbo dānāhaṃ, bhante, puna bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ yadidaṃ otārāpekkho’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato santike imā nibbejanīyā gāthāyo abhāsi –
“ 乌鸦曾绕着一块状如脂膏的石头盘旋:”
“ 这里也许能找到些柔软的,或许能尝到些滋味。”
“ 在那里什么滋味也没寻到,乌鸦便飞走了。
“ 犹如乌鸦啄石,心生厌离,我亦对乔达摩失望而去。”巴利
‘‘Medavaṇṇañca pāsāṇaṃ, vāyaso anupariyagā; Apettha muduṃ vindema, api assādanā siyā. ‘‘Aladdhā tattha assādaṃ, vāyasetto apakkame; Kākova selamāsajja, nibbijjāpema gotamā’’ti.
5. 魔女经巴利
5. Māradhītusuttaṃ
161 那时,魔罗波旬在世尊面前诵出这些厌离偈后,便离开该处,在离世尊不远的地上结跏趺坐。他默然无语,神色懊丧,双肩低垂,低头怏怏,忧思郁结,哑口无言,持木片刮着地面。这时,渴爱、不乐与贪欲——魔罗的三个女儿,来到魔罗波旬那里,走近后以偈颂对魔罗波旬说:巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato santike imā nibbejanīyā gāthāyo abhāsitvā tamhā ṭhānā apakkamma bhagavato avidūre pathaviyaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tuṇhībhūto maṅkubhūto pattakkhandho adhomukho pajjhāyanto appaṭibhāno kaṭṭhena bhūmiṃ vilikhanto. Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena māro pāpimā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsiṃsu –
“ 父亲,您为何闷闷不乐?您是为哪一个男人而忧愁?”
“ 我们将以贪欲的套索,如同捕捉林中的野象一般——”
“ 绑缚之后,我们将把他带来,他定会归你支配。”
“ 世间那位阿拉汉、善逝,不为贪欲所诱;
他已超越魔罗的领域,故我悲伤不已。”巴利
‘‘Kenāsi dummano tāta, purisaṃ kaṃ nu socasi; Mayaṃ taṃ rāgapāsena, āraññamiva kuñjaraṃ; Bandhitvā ānayissāma, vasago te bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, na rāgena suvānayo; Māradheyyaṃ atikkanto, tasmā socāmahaṃ bhusa’’nti.
那时,魔罗的女儿们——渴爱、不快与贪欲,来到世尊面前;到了之后,对世尊这样说:“沙门,我们愿侍奉在您足下。”那时,世尊对她们毫不理睬,犹如一位在无上的依着灭尽中彻底解脱的人。巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa, paricāremā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto.
那时,渴爱、不快与贪欲三位魔女退到一边,一同商量:“人们的意趣千差万别。我们何不各自变化出一百位少女模样?”于是,魔女们各自变化出一百位少女模样后,便前往世尊处。到了之后,对世尊说:“沙门,我们愿侍奉在您足下。”世尊对她们毫不理睬,犹如一位在无上的依着灭尽中彻底解脱的人。巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ – ‘‘uccāvacā kho purisānaṃ adhippāyā. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekasataṃ ekasataṃ kumārivaṇṇasataṃ abhinimmineyyāmā’’ti. Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro ekasataṃ ekasataṃ kumārivaṇṇasataṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa, paricāremā’’ti. Tampi bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto.
那时,魔罗的女儿——渴爱、不快与贪欲,退到一边,一同商量:“人们的意趣千差万别。我们何不各自变化出一百位未生育的少女模样?”于是,魔罗的女儿们,渴爱、不快与贪欲,各各变化出一百位未生育的少女模样后,便前往世尊处。到了之后,对世尊这样说:“沙门,我们愿侍奉在您足下。”世尊对她们毫不理睬,犹如一位在无上的依着灭尽中彻底解脱的人。巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ – ‘‘uccāvacā kho purisānaṃ adhippāyā . Yaṃnūna mayaṃ ekasataṃ ekasataṃ avijātavaṇṇasataṃ abhinimmineyyāmā’’ti. Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro ekasataṃ ekasataṃ avijātavaṇṇasataṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa, paricāremā’’ti. Tampi bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto.
那时,渴爱、不乐、贪欲三位魔女来到魔罗波旬面前。魔罗波旬远远望见她们走来,便以偈颂说道:巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena māro pāpimā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho māro pāpimā taṇhañca aratiñca ragañca māradhītaro dūratova āgacchantiyo. Disvāna gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
于是,爱欲、不乐和贪欲三位魔女来到世尊那里,走近后立于一旁。站定之后,爱欲魔女便以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho taṇhā māradhītā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时,渴爱、不快与贪欲——魔罗的女儿们又商量:“我们何不各自变化出一百个老年妇女的模样?”于是,她们便各自变化出一百个老年妇女的模样,去到世尊那里。但世尊仍如一位从无上的依着灭尽中彻底解脱的人,毫不动摇。接着,渴爱、不快与贪欲——魔罗的女儿们退到一旁,这样说道:“看来父亲对我们说的是真的——巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca…pe… mahitthivaṇṇasataṃ abhinimmineyyāmāti . Atha kho taṇhā ca…pe… mahitthivaṇṇasataṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā…pe… anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto. Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro ekamantaṃ apakkamma etadavocuṃ – saccaṃ kira no pitā avoca –
“ 世间中的阿拉汉、善逝者,不为贪欲所牵引;
他已超越魔罗的境界,为此,我陷入深深愁苦。”巴利
‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, na rāgena suvānayo; Māradheyyaṃ atikkanto, tasmā socāmahaṃ bhusa’’nti.
“假若我们以这种手段攻击某个未离欲的沙门或婆罗门,他的心将会碎裂,口中将涌出热腾腾的鲜血,或者变得癫狂、心神错乱。犹如青绿的芦苇被割倒后,终将干枯、凋萎、衰败一般;他也会那样地干枯、凋萎、衰败。”巴利
‘‘Yañhi mayaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā avītarāgaṃ iminā upakkamena upakkameyyāma hadayaṃ vāssa phaleyya, uṇhaṃ lohitaṃ vā mukhato uggaccheyya, ummādaṃ vā pāpuṇeyya cittakkhepaṃ vā. Seyyathā vā pana naḷo harito luto ussussati visussati milāyati; evameva ussusseyya visusseyya milāyeyyā’’ti.
那时,魔王的三个女儿——渴爱、不乐与贪染,来到世尊面前,站在一旁。站在一旁后,渴爱魔女以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho taṇhā māradhītā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你可是被忧愁所淹没,才在林中禅修的?
你是丧失了财富,还是在希求财富?
莫非你在村里犯下了什么过错?
“ 你为何不与众人作证?”
“ 没有人能与你结为朋友。”
“ 已达目标,心得寂静。”
征服了可爱悦意之相的魔军;
我独自禅修,体证了安乐,
因此,我不与众人作证人。
我的证人不由任何人成就。巴利
‘‘Sokāvatiṇṇo nu vanamhi jhāyasi, Vittaṃ nu jīno uda patthayāno; Āguṃ nu gāmasmimakāsi kiñci, Kasmā janena na karosi sakkhiṃ; Sakkhī na sampajjati kenaci te’’ti. ‘‘Atthassa pattiṃ hadayassa santiṃ, Jetvāna senaṃ piyasātarūpaṃ; Ekohaṃ jhāyaṃ sukhamanubodhiṃ, Tasmā janena na karomi sakkhiṃ; Sakkhī na sampajjati kenaci me’’ti.
那时,魔女“不乐”以偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho arati māradhītā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 比丘如何于此多所安住?”
他已渡过五瀑流,又在此渡第六瀑流;
他常如何修习禅那,方令欲想
被阻隔于外,无法触及他?
“ 身得轻安,心善解脱,
不造作、具念、无住著,
彻知法,无寻禅定。
心不动摇,不漂移,不昏沉。
“ 比丘常多如此安住,
已度五瀑流,复于此超越第六;
如是多修禅者,欲想断除,
“ 被排除在外,得不到它们。”巴利
‘‘Kathaṃ vihārībahulodha bhikkhu, Pañcoghatiṇṇo atarīdha chaṭṭhaṃ; Kathaṃ jhāyiṃ bahulaṃ kāmasaññā, Paribāhirā honti aladdha yo ta’’nti. ‘‘Passaddhakāyo suvimuttacitto, Asaṅkharāno satimā anoko; Aññāya dhammaṃ avitakkajhāyī, Na kuppati na sarati na thino . ‘‘Evaṃvihārībahulodha bhikkhu, Pañcoghatiṇṇo atarīdha chaṭṭhaṃ; Evaṃ jhāyiṃ bahulaṃ kāmasaññā, Paribāhirā honti aladdha yo ta’’nti.
那时,魔女爱乐于世尊面前,以偈颂说:巴利
Atha kho ragā māradhītā bhagavato santike gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 他已斩断渴爱,与众共住而游化,
众多具足信心者,必将随其而行;
这无家之人,确然将度化广大人群,
斩断其缚,便能超越死王,到达彼岸。”
“ 那些大雄与如来,确实依正法引导;
“ 对于依法而被引导的人们,有智慧者又怎么会嫉妒呢?”巴利
‘‘Acchejja taṇhaṃ gaṇasaṅghacārī, Addhā carissanti bahū ca saddhā; Bahuṃ vatāyaṃ janataṃ anoko, Acchejja nessati maccurājassa pāra’’nti. ‘‘Nayanti ve mahāvīrā, saddhammena tathāgatā; Dhammena nayamānānaṃ, kā usūyā vijānata’’nti.
那时,渴爱、不乐、染着这三位魔罗之女,前往魔罗波旬那里。魔罗波旬远远望见渴爱、不乐、染着这三位魔罗之女正朝这边走来。见后,便以偈颂说道:巴利
Atha kho taṇhā ca arati ca ragā ca māradhītaro yena māro pāpimā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho māro pāpimā taṇhañca aratiñca ragañca māradhītaro dūratova āgacchantiyo. Disvāna gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
“ 你们这些愚人,想用睡莲的茎去摧破高山;
想用指甲去掘开山岳,想用牙齿去咬碎钢铁。
“ 就像用头顶着巨石,想在深渊中觅得立足之处;
又像以胸去撞树桩,你们只得灰心丧气地离开乔达摩。”
“ 她们——渴爱、不乐与贪染,周身光华地来到,”
导师当下便将她们驱散,犹如狂风吹散坠地的棉絮。巴利
‘‘Bālā kumudanāḷehi, pabbataṃ abhimatthatha ; Giriṃ nakhena khanatha, ayo dantehi khādatha. ‘‘Selaṃva sirasūhacca , pātāle gādhamesatha; Khāṇuṃva urasāsajja, nibbijjāpetha gotamā’’ti. ‘‘Daddallamānā āgañchuṃ, taṇhā ca aratī ragā; Tā tattha panudī satthā, tūlaṃ bhaṭṭhaṃva māluto’’ti.
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