383 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,给孤独居士身患重病,痛苦难忍,病势沉重。于是,给孤独居士唤来一人,对他说:“来吧,贤友,去往世尊所在处。到后,以我的名义,头面顶礼世尊之足,禀报:‘尊者,给孤独居士身患重病,痛苦难忍,病势沉重,他以头面顶礼世尊之足。’再去往舍利弗尊者处。到后,以我的名义,头面顶礼舍利弗尊者之足,禀报:‘尊者,给孤独居士身患重病,痛苦难忍,病势沉重,他以头面顶礼尊者之足。’并这样说:‘尊者,若舍利弗尊者能以慈悯故,驾临给孤独居士的住处,那实是甚善。’”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi – ‘anāthapiṇḍiko, bhante, gahapati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Yena cāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena āyasmato sāriputtassa pāde sirasā vandāhi – ‘anāthapiṇḍiko, bhante, gahapati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So āyasmato sāriputtassa pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Evañca vadehi – ‘sādhu kira, bhante, āyasmā sāriputto yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’’ti.
“好的,尊者。”那人应诺给孤独居士后,便去见世尊。到后,礼敬世尊,退坐一面。坐定后,对世尊说:“尊者,给孤独居士身患重病,痛苦难忍,病势沉重,他以头面顶礼世尊之足。”又去见舍利弗尊者。到后,礼敬舍利弗尊者,退坐一面。坐定后,对舍利弗尊者说:“尊者,给孤独居士身患重病,痛苦难忍,病势沉重,他以头面顶礼尊者之足。他又这样说:‘尊者,若舍利弗尊者能以慈悯故,驾临给孤独居士的住处,那实是甚善。’”舍利弗尊者默然应允。显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so puriso anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so puriso bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘anāthapiṇḍiko, bhante, gahapati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti. Yena cāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘anāthapiṇḍiko, bhante, gahapati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So āyasmato sāriputtassa pāde sirasā vandati; evañca vadeti – ‘sādhu kira, bhante, āyasmā sāriputto yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’’ti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā sāriputto tuṇhībhāvena.
384 于是,舍利弗尊者著下衣,持钵与袈裟,由阿难尊者作为随侍比丘,一同前往给孤独居士的住所。到后,坐于已铺设的座上。坐定后,舍利弗尊者对给孤独居士说:“居士,你是否堪忍?能否支撑?你的痛苦感受是否正在消退,并未加剧?是否可见其消退,并未加剧?”显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho āyasmā sāriputto anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, gahapati, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti?
“舍利弗尊者,我无法忍受,难以支撑。剧烈的苦受在我身上增长,未曾消退;我只见其增长,不见其消退。舍利弗尊者,犹如一个大力士用锐利的锥尖钻磨头顶,同样,舍利弗尊者,剧烈上行之风在我头中猛烈翻搅。
舍利弗尊者,我无法忍受,难以支撑。剧烈的苦受在我身上增长,未曾消退;我只见其增长,不见其消退。舍利弗尊者,犹如一个大力士用坚韧的皮带紧缠头部,同样,舍利弗尊者,我头部感到极度的疼痛。
舍利弗尊者,我无法忍受,难以支撑。剧烈的苦受在我身上增长,未曾消退;我只见其增长,不见其消退。舍利弗尊者,犹如熟练的屠夫或其学徒用锋利的屠刀剖开牛腹,同样,舍利弗尊者,剧烈上行之风在我腹中猛烈切割。
舍利弗尊者,我无法忍受,难以支撑。剧烈的苦受在我身上增长,未曾消退;我只见其增长,不见其消退。舍利弗尊者,犹如两个大力士捉住一个较弱的男子,各执一臂,放在火炭坑上烤炙、彻底烤炙,同样,舍利弗尊者,我身体内感到极度的灼烧。
舍利弗尊者,我无法忍受,难以支撑。剧烈的苦受在我身上增长,未曾消退;我只见其增长,不见其消退。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Na me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, bhante sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya ; evameva kho me, bhante sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti . Na me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, bhante sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, bhante sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, bhante sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, bhante sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, bhante sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ, samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, bhante sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo’’ti.
385 居士,因此你应如此修学:“我当不执取色,我当无有依色而起之识。”居士,你应如此修学。居士,因此你应如此修学:“我当不执取声……不执取香……不执取味……不执取触……不执取法,我当无有依法而起之识。”居士,你应如此修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na rūpaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me rūpanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na saddaṃ upādiyissāmi…pe… na gandhaṃ upādiyissāmi… na rasaṃ upādiyissāmi… na phoṭṭhabbaṃ upādiyissāmi… na dhammaṃ upādiyissāmi na ca me dhammanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
居士,因此你应如此修学:“我当不执取眼识,我当无有依眼识而起之识。”居士,你应如此修学。居士,因此你应如此修学:“我当不执取耳识……不执取鼻识……不执取舌识……不执取身识……不执取意识,我当无有依意识而起之识。”居士,你应如此修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na cakkhuviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me cakkhuviññāṇanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na sotaviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi… na ghānaviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi… na jivhāviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi… na kāyaviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi… na manoviññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi na ca me manoviññāṇanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取眼触,也不会有依眼触而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取耳触……我不执取鼻触……我不执取舌触……我不执取身触……我不执取意触,也不会有依意触而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na cakkhusamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me cakkhusamphassanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na sotasamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi… na ghānasamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi… na jivhāsamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi… na kāyasamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi… na manosamphassaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me manosamphassanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取眼触所生之受,也不会有依眼触所生受而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取耳触所生之受……不执取鼻触所生之受……不执取舌触所生之受……不执取身触所生之受……不执取意触所生之受,也不会有依意触所生受而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na cakkhusamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me cakkhusamphassajāvedanānissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te , gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na sotasamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na ghānasamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na jivhāsamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na kāyasamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na manosamphassajaṃ vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me manosamphassajāvedanānissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取地界,也不会有依地界而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。是故,居士,你应当如是修学:‘我不执取水界……不执取火界……不执取风界……不执取空界……不执取识界,也不会有依识界而起的识。’居士,你应当如是修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na pathavīdhātuṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me pathavīdhātunissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na āpodhātuṃ upādiyissāmi… na tejodhātuṃ upādiyissāmi… na vāyodhātuṃ upādiyissāmi… na ākāsadhātuṃ upādiyissāmi… na viññāṇadhātuṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me viññāṇadhātunissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取色,也没有依色而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取受……我不执取想……我不执取行……我不执取识,也没有依识而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na rūpaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me rūpanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na vedanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na saññaṃ upādiyissāmi… na saṅkhāre upādiyissāmi… na viññāṇaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me viññāṇanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
386 因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取眼,也没有依眼而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na cakkhuṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me cakkhunissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取耳,也没有依耳而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取鼻,也没有依鼻而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取舌,也没有依舌而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取身,也没有依身而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。因此,居士,你应当这样修学:‘我不执取意,也没有依意而起的识。’居士,你当如此修学。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na sotaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me sotanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ghānaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me ghānanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na jivhaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me jivhānissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na kāyaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me kāyanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na manaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me manonissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
“因此,居士,你应当这样学:‘我将不执取空无边处,也将不会有依于空无边处的识。’居士,你应当这样学。因此,居士,你应当这样学:‘我将不执取识无边处;我将不执取无所有处;我将不执取非想非非想处,也将不会有依于非想非非想处的识。’居士,你应当这样学。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upādiyissāmi , na ca me ākāsānañcāyatananissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti . Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upādiyissāmi… na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upādiyissāmi na ca me nevasaññānāsaññāyatananissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ.
“因此,居士,你应当这样学:‘我将不执取此世,也不会有依于此世的识。’居士,你应当这样学。因此,居士,你应当这样学:‘我将不执取他世,也不会有依于他世的识。’居士,你应当这样学。因此,居士,你应当这样学:‘凡我所见、所闻、所觉、所识、所得、所寻求、以心随寻思的,这些我也都不执取,也不会有依于那些的识。’居士,你应当这样学。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na idhalokaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me idhalokanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na paralokaṃ upādiyissāmi, na ca me paralokanissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabbaṃ. Tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yampi me diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anupariyesitaṃ anucaritaṃ manasā tampi na upādiyissāmi, na ca me taṃnissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, gahapati, sikkhitabba’’nti.
387 这样说的时候,给孤独居士悲泣落泪。那时,阿难尊者对给孤独居士说:“居士,你这是在消沉吗?居士,你这是在陷没吗?”答:“阿难尊者,我没有消沉,也没有陷没。只是我长久以来亲近世尊与心所尊敬的诸比丘,却从未听闻过这样的法语。” “居士,在家白衣通常不会听闻这样的法语;这样的法语是为出家者所说的。” “那么,舍利弗尊者,也应让在家白衣听闻这样的法语吧。尊者,确实有一些善男子,尘垢微少,只因未听闻法而退失;他们定会成为知法者。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ vutte, anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati parodi, assūni pavattesi. Atha kho āyasmā ānando anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘olīyasi kho tvaṃ, gahapati, saṃsīdasi kho tvaṃ, gahapatī’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante ānanda, olīyāmi, napi saṃsīdāmi; api ca me dīgharattaṃ satthā payirupāsito manobhāvanīyā ca bhikkhū; na ca me evarūpī dhammī kathā sutapubbā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, gahapati, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ evarūpī dhammī kathā paṭibhāti; pabbajitānaṃ kho, gahapati, evarūpī dhammī kathā paṭibhātī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhante sāriputta, gihīnampi odātavasanānaṃ evarūpī dhammī kathā paṭibhātu. Santi hi, bhante, kulaputtā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti; bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti.
那时,舍利弗尊者与阿难尊者以这番教诫教导了给孤独居士后,便从座起身离去。尊者舍利弗与阿难离去后不久,给孤独居士命终,投生兜率天。那时,给孤独天子在深夜,以殊妙容光照亮整座祇园,来到世尊面前,顶礼后站在一旁。站在一旁的给孤独天子以偈颂对世尊说:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca ānando anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati, acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca ānande , kālamakāsi tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapajji. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto bhagavantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
这正是那座祇园,为诸仙圣僧团所依止,
法王曾安住之处,令我心生喜悦。
业、明与法,戒与最上的活命;
众生依此而得清净,不因出身或财富。
是故,智者观见自身的利益,
他如理地审察法,便于彼处得以净化。
舍利弗具足慧、戒与寂静,
即使是已到彼岸的比丘,也以此为其最上。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ; Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mama. ‘‘Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ; Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā. ‘‘Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano; Yoniso vicine dhammaṃ, evaṃ tattha visujjhati. ‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena; Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā’’ti.
给孤独天子说了这番话,导师表示认可。于是,给孤独天子心想:“导师认可我了。”便向世尊顶礼、右绕,随即就地消失。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto – ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
388 那夜过后,世尊告诉诸比丘:“诸比丘,昨夜,有一位天子在深夜时分,以殊胜的容色遍照整座祇园,来到我这里,向我顶礼,立于一旁。那位天子立定之后,以偈颂对我说:”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññataro devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so devaputto maṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
这座祇园,为圣者僧团所依止,
法王所住之处,令我喜悦满怀。
业、明与法,戒与最上活命,
众生由此而清净,不因出身或财富。
因此,智者明见自身的利益;
他如理地省察法,便在其中得到清净。
如同舍利弗,以智慧、戒与寂止——
已达彼岸的比丘,也以此为最上。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ; Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mama. ‘‘Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ; Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā. ‘‘Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano; Yoniso vicine dhammaṃ, evaṃ tattha visujjhati. ‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena; Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā’’ti.
“诸比丘,那位天子说了这番话,又言“导师认可我”,便向我礼敬、右绕,当下消失。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idamavoca , bhikkhave, so devaputto. ‘Samanuñño me satthā’ti maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.
闻言,尊者阿难对世尊如是说:“世尊,那位天子想必就是给孤独天子。世尊,给孤独居士对舍利弗尊者一向深怀净信。”“善哉,善哉,阿难!凡是凭推论所能达到的,你都已经达到了。阿难,那位天子正是给孤独天子。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘so hi nūna so, bhante, anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto bhavissati. Anāthapiṇḍiko, bhante, gahapati āyasmante sāriputte abhippasanno ahosī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, ānanda! Yāvatakaṃ kho, ānanda, takkāya pattabbaṃ, anuppattaṃ taṃ tayā. Anāthapiṇḍiko so, ānanda, devaputto’’ti.
世尊说了这番话。尊者阿难心中欢喜,对世尊的教导深感满意。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Anāthapiṇḍiko 给孤独 重病垂危的居士,富有的在家弟子 Sāriputto 舍利弗 佛陀上首弟子,受请前去开示 Ānando 阿难 佛陀侍者,随同前往 Anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto 给孤独天子 死后投生兜率天的天人
事件 给孤独长者病重垂危,派人礼请舍利弗前往。舍利弗与阿难同往探视,听到长者描述如刀刺头、如火焚身般的剧烈痛苦。舍利弗随即展开一场层层深进的教诫:引导他在六根、六尘、六识乃至四无色定、此世他世等一切所缘上,彻底“不执取”,并安立以此为识。
经文摘要 病苦→请法→舍利弗于一切法上教示“不执取”→给孤独闻法感动落泪→命终投生兜率天→天身往礼佛陀证法。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 背景:
这是给孤独长者临终前的一堂课。他最痛苦的时候,请来舍利弗尊者,不是求止痛的安慰,而是求最顶级的解脱心法。面对剧痛,舍利弗不是教他观想光明或转移注意力,而是给他一份极犀利的清单:从眼耳鼻舌到意识,从色声香味到四禅八定,从“此世”到“他世”,统统放下。
核心:
舍利弗反复给出一句公式:“我将不执取X,我将不会有依X的识。”。X被替换成了全宇宙的一切事物——感官、对象、感受、元素、禅定境界、乃至世界。引文:“我将不执取眼,我将不会有依眼的识。”
→ 拆开看:这不只是说“闭上眼睛不看东西”。它的逻辑是:如果你的心不再去抓取“眼根”这个东西,不再在它上面产生“我在看、这是我”的执念,那么,一个依眼根而生起的、带着贪嗔痴的“识”就不会建立起来。没有这个“识”的安家,痛苦就失去了附着点。这个链条斩断,不是因为事物消失,而是因为内心的执取点消失了。这就是把轮回的根,一个一个亲手拔掉。
听到这里,给孤独哭了。不是吓得哭,是感动得哭。他说自己亲近佛陀和僧团一辈子,从来没听过这么深刻的法。阿难解释说,这种教法通常不对在家人讲。而给孤独的回答,引出了另一层重点:“尊者,确实有少垢尘的善男子,因为不听闻法而衰退;他们将会成为法的了知者。”
→ 拆开看:这句话是给孤独在为后世所有像他一样的在家人请法。他以自己的例子证明,在家白衣者只要具足善根,也能理解最深奥的解脱道,不应该永远被挡在门外的。这是他临终前对佛法最大的爱护和贡献。
→ 一句话要旨:真正的解脱准备,是在你面对一切身心内外现象时,彻底撤销那层“我在这里、这是我的”执取,让意识不再于任何事物上扎根。
关键术语锚 - rūpa → 色 :不仅指颜色,泛指一切物质对象。易错点:以为只是“女色”,其实舍利弗教诫里的“色”是整个物质世界的第一环。
- viññāṇa → 识 :这里的“识”不是纯净的觉知,而是依于执取而被污染、被安立的“有取识”。易错点:把“无识”理解为断灭空,它其实是斩断识与执取的连接。
- saṅkhāra → 行 :在舍利弗教诫中列为五蕴之一,指所有意志性、构造性的心理活动。易错点:容易与“行蕴”的抽象概念混淆,这里可理解为“一切造作的冲动”。
- mano → 意 :第六根,思维、意根。易错点:把它当作永恒的“灵魂”、“心神”,在这里它与眼耳一样,只是一个该被放下的功能器官。