11. 十上经显示巴利原文
11. Dasuttarasuttaṃ
350 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在占巴城的伽伽拉莲花池畔,与五百位比丘的大僧团共住。那时,舍利弗尊者这样召唤诸比丘:“贤友们,比丘们!”那些比丘回应道:“贤友!”接着,舍利弗尊者这样说:显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti! ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
“我将宣说十增法,为证涅槃,
为灭尽诸苦,为解脱一切结。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Dasuttaraṃ pavakkhāmi, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā; Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sabbaganthappamocanaṃ’’.
351 贤友们,有一法有大帮助,有一法应当修习,有一法应当遍知,有一法应当断除,有一法是退分法,有一法是胜分法,有一法难以通达,有一法应当令生起,有一法应当证知,有一法应当作证。显示巴利原文
‘‘Eko, āvuso, dhammo bahukāro, eko dhammo bhāvetabbo, eko dhammo pariññeyyo, eko dhammo pahātabbo, eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo, eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo, eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho, eko dhammo uppādetabbo, eko dhammo abhiññeyyo, eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
哪一法有大帮助?即于善法上的不放逸。这一法有大帮助。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bahukāro.
哪一法应当修习?即与喜乐俱行的身至念。这一法应当修习。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Kāyagatāsati sātasahagatā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bhāvetabbo.
哪一法应当遍知?即有漏、有取的触。这一法应当遍知。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Phasso sāsavo upādāniyo. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pariññeyyo.
哪一法应当舍弃?即我慢。这一法应当舍弃。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Asmimāno. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pahātabbo.
哪一法是令人退堕的?不如理作意。这一法,是退堕分。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Ayoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo.
哪一法是令人殊胜提升的?如理作意。这一法,是殊胜提升分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Yoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo.
哪一法是难以通达的?无间心定。这一法,实难通达。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Ānantariko cetosamādhi. Ayaṃ eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho.
什么是一法?不动摇的智,这即是应当生起的一法。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Akuppaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ eko dhammo uppādetabbo.
什么是一法?一切众生依食而住,这即是应当了知的一法。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo abhiññeyyo.
什么是一法?不可动摇的心解脱,这即是应当亲证的一法。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo Akuppā cetovimutti. Ayaṃ eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
如是,此十法真实、如实、如是、无有变异,为如来所完全正觉。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime dasa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
352 有两种法能带来大利益,有两种法应当修习,有两种法应当遍知,有两种法应当舍断,有两种法是退分,有两种法是胜分,有两种法难以通达,有两种法应当生起,有两种法应当证知,有两种法应当作证。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dve dhammā bahukārā, dve dhammā bhāvetabbā, dve dhammā pariññeyyā, dve dhammā pahātabbā , dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā, dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā, dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā, dve dhammā uppādetabbā, dve dhammā abhiññeyyā, dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
哪两种法多所助益?念与正知。这两种法多所助益。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Sati ca sampajaññañca. Ime dve dhammā bahukārā.
哪两种法应当修习?止与观。这两种法应当修习。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Samatho ca vipassanā ca. Ime dve dhammā bhāvetabbā.
哪两种法应当遍知?名与色。这两种法应当遍知。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Nāmañca rūpañca. Ime dve dhammā pariññeyyā.
哪两种法应当舍断?无明与有爱。这两种法应当舍断。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca. Ime dve dhammā pahātabbā.
哪两种法属于退分?难教化与恶友。这两种法属于退分。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
哪两种法是殊胜进步分?善顺与善友。这两种法是殊胜进步分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Sovacassatā ca kalyāṇamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
哪些是两种难以通达的法?导致有情杂染的因与缘,以及导致有情清净的因与缘。这两种法,难以通达。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāya, yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā. Ime dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪些是两种应当生起的法?尽智与无生智。这两种法,应当令其生起。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Dve ñāṇāni – khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇaṃ. Ime dve dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪些是两种应当以胜智证知的法?有为界与无为界。这两种法,应当以胜智证知。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Dve dhātuyo – saṅkhatā ca dhātu asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dve dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪两种法是应当亲自体证的?明与解脱。这两种法,应当亲身证得。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame dve dhammā Vijjā ca vimutti ca. Ime dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
如是,这二十种法真实、确凿、如实、不虚、无有变易,为如来所正觉。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime vīsati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
353 有三法多有助益,有三法应当修习……(中略)……有三法应当作证。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayo dhammā bahukārā, tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
哪三法多有助益?亲近善士、听闻正法、法随法行。这三法多有助益。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Sappurisasaṃsevo, saddhammassavanaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti. Ime tayo dhammā bahukārā.
哪三法应当修习?三种定——有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。这三法应当修习。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi, avitakko vicāramatto samādhi, avitakko avicāro samādhi. Ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
哪三法应当遍知?三种受——乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。这三法应当遍知。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Ime tayo dhammā pariññeyyā.
哪三法应当舍断?三种渴爱——欲爱、有爱、无有爱。这三法应当舍断。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā. Ime tayo dhammā pahātabbā.
哪三法是退堕分?三种不善根——贪是不善根,瞋是不善根,痴是不善根。这三法是退堕分。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
哪三种法?三种善根:无贪善根、无瞋善根、无痴善根。这三种法是殊胜的部分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
哪三种法?三种能出离的界:欲的出离即是出离,色的出离即是无色,而凡是任何存在的、有为的、缘起的,它的出离即是灭尽。这三种法是难以通达的。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, rūpānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ arūpaṃ, yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ, nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪三种法?三种智:于过去分的智、于未来分的智、于现在分的智。这三种法应当令其生起。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tīṇi ñāṇāni – atītaṃse ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse ñāṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā uppādetabbā.
(应当证知的部分)哪三种法呢?三种界:欲界、色界、无色界。这三种法,应当透过实证来彻底了知。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu. Ime tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā.
(应当作证的部分)哪三种法呢?三种明:宿住随念智明、死生智明、漏尽智明。这三种法,应当亲身去证得。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ vijjā. Ime tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
这三十种法,真实、确凿、如实,不虚妄,不颠倒,是如来所正觉的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime tiṃsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
354 四种法有大利益,四种法应当修习……乃至……四种法应当作证。显示巴利原文
‘‘Cattāro dhammā bahukārā, cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
哪四种法呢?即四种轮:居于适宜之地,亲近善士,自身正志,以及过去所积的功德。这四种法能作大利益。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāri cakkāni – patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo , attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā. Ime cattāro dhammā bahukārā.
哪四种法?四念处:贤友们,比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间贪忧。于受……于心……于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间贪忧。这四种法应当修习。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā.
哪四种法?四种食:团食,有粗有细;触为第二;思为第三;识为第四。这四种法应当遍知。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro āhārā – kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā.
哪四种法?四种瀑流:欲瀑流、有瀑流、邪见瀑流、无明瀑流。这四种法应当断除。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro oghā – kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho. Ime cattāro dhammā pahātabbā.
哪四种法?四种轭:欲轭、有轭、见轭、无明轭。这四种法是退堕分。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro yogā – kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
哪四种法?四种离轭:离欲轭、离有轭、离见轭、离无明轭。这四种法是殊胜分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro visaññogā – kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
哪四种法?四种定:退堕分定、住分定、殊胜分定、穿透分定。这四种法是难通达的。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāro samādhī – hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi. Ime cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪四种法?四种智:法智、类智、他心智、世俗智。这四种法,应当生起。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāri ñāṇāni – dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪四种法?四圣谛:苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、导向苦灭的道圣谛。这四种法,应当证知。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪四种法?四沙门果:入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果。这四种法,应当作证。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā Cattāri sāmaññaphalāni – sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ . Ime cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
这四十种法是真实、如实、正确、无虚妄、无变异的,是如来所正觉。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime cattārīsadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
355 有五种法是极有助益的……乃至……有五种法是应作证的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pañca dhammā bahukārā…pe… pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
何等五法有助于善巧?即五种精勤支。在此,贤友,比丘具信,相信如来的觉悟:‘这位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’他少病少恼,消化适中,不过寒、不过热,堪能精进。他不狡诈、不虚伪,在导师或有智慧的同梵行者面前如实展现自己。他为断除不善法、成就善法,精进努力而住,坚毅、勇猛、不舍善法之担。他具足智慧,具备能洞察生灭、是圣者的、能彻底断除、正确导向苦灭之慧。此五法有助于善巧。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca padhāniyaṅgāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī yathābhūtamattānaṃ āvīkattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ime pañca dhammā bahukārā.
何等五法是应当修习的?即具足五支的正定:喜遍满、乐遍满、心遍满、光明遍满、省察相。此五法是应当修习的。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi – pītipharaṇatā, sukhapharaṇatā, cetopharaṇatā , ālokapharaṇatā, paccavekkhaṇanimittaṃ . Ime pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā.
何等五法是应当彻底了知的?即五取蕴:色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。此五法是应当彻底了知的。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañcupādānakkhandhā – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā pariññeyyā.
哪些是应断除的五法?即五种盖:欲贪盖、瞋恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举追悔盖、疑惑盖。这五法,应当断除。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca nīvaraṇāni – kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā pahātabbā.
哪些是导致退步的五法?有五种心之荒野。
学友们,此处,有比丘对导师怀疑、犹豫,不能确定,不生信心。学友们,若比丘对导师怀疑、犹豫,不确定、不生信心,他的心便不会趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发。心若不趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发,这便是第一种心之荒野。
再者,学友们,比丘对法怀疑、犹豫……对僧团怀疑、犹豫……对戒学怀疑、犹豫……对同梵行者感到恼怒、不满,心怀敌意,心生荒野。学友们,若比丘对同梵行者恼怒、不满,心怀敌意,心生荒野,他的心便不会趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发。心若不趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发,这便是第五种心之荒野。
这五种法,即是导致退步的部分。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca cetokhilā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya . Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo. Ime pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
哪些是导致殊胜进步的五法?即五根:信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。这五法,是导致殊胜进步的部分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañcindriyāni – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
什么是五种出离法?即五种出离界。学友们,于此,当比丘作意感官欲乐时,其心于感官欲乐不趋入、不清净、不安住、不确立、不解脱。然而,当他作意出离时,心于出离便趋入、清净、安住、确立、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为感官欲乐所缚。他从那些以感官欲乐为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为感官欲乐的出离。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
再者,学友们,当比丘作意瞋恚时,其心于瞋恚不趋入、不清净、不安住、不确立、不解脱。然而,当他作意无瞋恚时,心于无瞋恚便趋入、清净、安住、确立、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为瞋恚所缚。他从那些以瞋恚为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为瞋恚的出离。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
再者,贤友,当比丘作意伤害时,其心于伤害不趋入、不清净、不安住、不解脱。然而,当他作意不伤害时,心于不伤害便趋入、清净、安住、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为伤害所缚。他从那些以伤害为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为伤害的出离。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati . Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
再者,贤友,当比丘作意于物质现象时,他的心对于物质现象并不趋入、不清净、不安住、不得解脱。然而,当他作意于非物质时,心于非物质即能趋入、清净、安住、解脱。他的心便成为善的、善修习、善升起、善解脱、不再受物质现象所束缚的。凡是以物质现象为缘所生的烦恼、逼恼与热恼,他已从中解脱。他不再领受那种感受。这便被称为物质现象的出离。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
再者,贤友,比丘作意于有身时,其心于有身不趣入、不净信、不安住、不解脱。而当他作意于有身的灭尽时,其心于有身的灭尽便趣入、净信、安住、解脱。这样的心是善至的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,离脱有身。他从那些因有身为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼、热恼中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为有身的出离。这五种法是难通达的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪五种法是应生起的呢?具足五智的正定。‘此定是现前乐,未来亦有乐果报。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定是圣的、无杂染的。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定不为卑劣者所修习。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定是寂静、殊胜,由轻安所得,成就心一境性,并非由强行造作、压制而成。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘我确实能正念地入此定,正念地从此定出。’这样的智慧内自生起。这五种法是应生起的。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca ñāṇiko sammāsamādhi – ‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi ariyo nirāmiso’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi akāpurisasevito’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi santo paṇīto paṭippassaddhaladdho ekodibhāvādhigato, na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘So kho panāhaṃ imaṃ samādhiṃ satova samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Ime pañca dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪五种法应当证知呢?五种解脱处:贤友,于此,比丘的导师为他开示法义,或某位值得敬重的同梵行者为他开示。贤友,当比丘如此从导师或某位值得敬重的同梵行者听闻法义时,他便在这法中既体验义,也体验法。当他体验到义、体验到法时,喜悦便生起;喜悦者,喜便生起;心喜悦者,身体便得轻安;身体轻安者,便感受乐;得乐者,心便入定。这是第一种解脱处。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca vimuttāyatanāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
再者,贤友,若比丘既未得到导师开示法义,也未得到某位值得敬重的同梵行者开示,但他能将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说。当比丘像这样将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说时,他便在那法上证知义、证知法。证知义、证知法时,便生喜悦;喜悦者生喜;意喜者身得轻安;身轻安者感受乐;感受乐者心得定。这是第二种解脱处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
再者,贤友,若比丘既未得到导师开示法义,也未得到某位值得敬重的同梵行者开示,又没有将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说,但他将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地诵习。当比丘像这样详尽地诵习法义时,他便在那法上证知义、证知法。证知义、证知法时,便生喜悦;喜悦者生喜;意喜者身得轻安;身轻安者感受乐;感受乐者心得定。这是第三种解脱处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
再者,贤友,若导师未为他说法,某位有地位的梵行同修也未为他说法,他自身也未将所闻、所学的法详细为他人讲说,也未详细读诵,但他以心随寻思、随伺察,以意观照所闻、所学的法。贤友,当比丘如此以心对法随寻思、随伺察、以意观照时,他便于此法中体验义,也体验法。体验义、体验法后,欢悦便生起;有欢悦者,喜便生起;意喜者,身得轻安;身轻安者,便感受乐;感受乐者,心得定。这便是第四解脱处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yathā yathā , āvuso , bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ catutthaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
再者,诸贤友,比丘的情况是:导师并未说法,也没有哪位值得敬重的同梵行者说法;他既没有按照所闻、所学的法为他人详细开示,也没有按照所闻、所学的法详细读诵,更没有以心随寻思、随伺察、以意观照所闻、所学的法。然而,他对某一禅定之相善巧地执持、善巧地作意、善巧地守持、并善巧地以智慧通达。诸贤友,当比丘对一定相如此善巧执持、善巧作意、善巧守持、善巧通达时,他便由此法体验义、体验法。体验义、体验法已,欢悦便生起;有欢悦者,喜便生起;意喜者,身得轻安;身轻安者,便感受乐;有乐者,心得定。这便是第五解脱处。这五法应当证知。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati; api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammappaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā.
何等为五法?即五法蕴:戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴、解脱知见蕴。这五法是应当作证的。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā Pañca dhammakkhandhā – sīlakkhandho , samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
如此,这五十种法真实、如实、不虚、不异,由如来正觉。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime paññāsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
356 六法多有助益……六法应当作证。显示巴利原文
‘‘Cha dhammā bahukārā…pe… cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
哪六种是值得忆念的法?学友们,这里,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的身行。这一法值得忆念,能令人生起喜爱、获得尊重,导向摄益、无诤、和合与统一。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,学友们,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的语行……导向和合与统一。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,学友们,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的意行……导向和合与统一。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,贤友们,对于如法所得的利养,哪怕仅仅是钵中那一份食物,比丘也不独受用,而能与持戒的同梵行者共同分享。这又是一种值得忆念的法……(中略)……导向和谐与一致。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,贤友们,对于那些完整无缺、无有瑕疵、无斑点、无垢染、自由无系、为智者所称叹、无有执取、能导向定的戒行,比丘于戒行上,与同梵行者不分公开或私下,皆同等安住。这又是一种值得忆念的法……(中略)……导向和谐与一致。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu, yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,贤友们,有一种见,是圣的、能导向出离的,能使践行者正确地灭尽苦。比丘于如是见,与同梵行者不分公开或私下,皆安住于同等的见。这种法可忆念、令人喜爱、令人敬重,能导向摄益、无诤、和合、统一。这六种法,是很有助益的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhi sāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo, saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati. Ime cha dhammā bahukārā.
(一) 哪六种法是应当修习的呢?即六随念处:佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、施随念、天随念。这六种法应当修习。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha anussatiṭṭhānāni – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati. Ime cha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
(二) 哪六种法是应当完全了知的呢?即六内处:眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、意处。这六种法应当完全了知。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ. Ime cha dhammā pariññeyyā.
(六) 哪六种法是应当舍断的呢?即六种渴爱之身:色渴爱、声渴爱、香渴爱、味渴爱、触渴爱、法渴爱。这六种法应当舍断。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha taṇhākāyā – rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā. Ime cha dhammā pahātabbā.
(七)何为六法?六种不恭敬——贤友们,在此,比丘对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住;对法……(中略)……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对接待不恭敬、不顺从而住。这六法即是退分法。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha agāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso. Ime cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
(八)何为六法?六种恭敬——贤友们,在此,比丘对导师恭敬、顺从而住;对法……(中略)……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对接待恭敬、顺从而住。这六法即是胜分法。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha gāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso. Ime cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
(九)何为六法?六种能出离的要素——贤友们,在此,若有比丘这样说:‘我的慈心解脱确实已修习、多修习,已作为车乘、已作为基础,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励,然而嗔恚依然占据我的心并持续存在。’他应被这样告知:‘不要这样说!尊者不应如此说,不要诽谤世尊;诽谤世尊是不善的,世尊确实不会那样说。贤友,这是不可能的,没有这样的道理——当慈心解脱已修习、多修习,已作为车乘、已作为基础,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励之后,嗔恚还能占据心而持续存在,这是不可能的。贤友,这便是嗔恚的出离,即慈心解脱。’显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me, cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso anavakāso yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettācetovimuttī’ti.
贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的悲心解脱确实已修习、多所修习,作为车乘,安立为基,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励。然而害心依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说,切莫诽谤世尊!……贤友,这就是害心的出离,即悲心解脱。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇācetovimuttī’ti.
贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的喜心解脱确实已修习……然而不乐依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说……贤友,这就是不乐的出离,即喜心解脱。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的舍心解脱确实已修习……然而贪欲依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说……贤友,这就是贪欲的出离,即舍心解脱。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yadidaṃ upekkhācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,假设有比丘这样说:‘我的无相心解脱确实修习了……然而我的识却仍随逐于相。’那么,便应这样告诉他:‘切莫这样说!尊者,请勿作此言……因为,贤友,这无相心解脱,正是从一切相中出离之道。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,假设有比丘这样说:‘“有我”之念,我确已远离;我也确已观不见“此即是我”;然而,那疑与犹豫的毒刺,仍占据、缠缚我的心。’那么,便应这样告诉他:‘切莫这样说!尊者,请勿作此言,切莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊绝非善事,世尊必不如此说。贤友,“有我”之念已远离,“此即是我”亦观不见时,那疑与犹豫的毒刺仍能占据、缠缚其心——这是不可能、无有是处的。贤友,这毒刺的舍断,即是彻底拔除我慢。’这六种法,是难以通达的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ, ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato. Atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāṭo’ti. Ime cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
“哪六种法呢?六种常住不移的安住方式。贤友,在此,比丘眼看见色之后,既不心生意悦,也不心生不悦,他安住于舍,具念正知。耳听到声音之后……鼻闻到气味之后……舌尝到滋味之后……身体触到触感之后……意辨认出法尘之后,既不心生意悦,也不心生不悦,他安住于舍,具念正知。这六种法,应当让它生起。”显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha satatavihārā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Ime cha dhammā uppādetabbā.
“是哪六种法?六种无上事:无上见、无上闻、无上得、无上学、无上侍奉、无上随念。这六种法,应当彻底了知。”显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ. Ime cha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪六种法?六种神通。贤友,在此,比丘亲证种种神变:一身变为多身,多身变为一身;能显现,亦能隐身;穿墙、过壁、越山,毫无障碍,犹如行于虚空;能于大地涌出、潜入,如在水中;能于水上行走而不沉没,如履大地;能于虚空结跏趺坐而行,犹如飞鸟展翅;又能以手触摸、抚摩如月亮、太阳这般有大威神力、大威德的天体;乃至以身体自在而行,达于大梵天界。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame cha dhammā Cha abhiññā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti , bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse . Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake. Udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ. Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati. Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
以清净、超凡的天耳界,他听闻天界与人间的两种声音,无论远近。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.
他以自己的心遍知其他众生和其他人的心:了知有贪的心为有贪的心,……(中略)……了知未解脱的心为未解脱的心。显示巴利原文
‘‘Parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti , sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti …pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
他能以种种方式忆念过去生,例如一生……(中略)……如此,他具足形相与细节,以种种方式忆念过去生。显示巴利原文
‘‘So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
他以清净、超越凡夫的天眼,见众生死亡与投生——或低劣或高尚,或美丽或丑陋,或生于善趣、或生于恶趣,他了知众生如何随各自业行而流转……(中略)显示巴利原文
‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti …pe…
以诸漏灭尽故,他在现法中亲自以智证得无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,具足而住。这六种法,是应当亲证的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ime cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
如此,这六十种法真实、如实、如此、不虚、不颠倒,为如来所正等觉。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime saṭṭhi dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
357 “有七种法,能作大饶益……乃至……有七种法,是应亲证的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Satta dhammā bahukārā…pe… satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
(一)哪七种法呢?即七种圣者之财:信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、舍财、慧财。这七种法,能作大饶益。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta ariyadhanāni – saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ. Ime satta dhammā bahukārā.
(二)哪七种法呢?即七觉支:念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。这七种法,是应当修习的。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta sambojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo . Ime satta dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“即七种识住。贤友们,有诸有情身相各异、想各各异,诸如人与一部分天,及一部分堕恶趣者。此为第一识住。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
贤友们,有诸有情身相各异、想同为一,诸如梵身天初现起之诸天。此为第二识住。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
贤友们,有诸有情身相一致、想各各异,诸如光音天。此为第三识住。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
贤友们,有此类众生:身同一种、想同一种,如遍净天。这是第四种识住。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有些众生完全超越色想,瞋恚想灭尽,不作意种种想,以‘虚空无边’而证入空无边处。这是第五种识住。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有些众生完全超越空无边处,以‘识无边’而证入识无边处。这是第六种识住。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“诸位尊者,有一类众生完全超越识无边处,了知‘无所有’,而生于无所有处。这是第七识住。这七种法,是应当遍知的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti. Ime satta dhammā pariññeyyā.
“哪些是七种应当舍断的法?七种随眠:欲贪随眠、瞋恚随眠、见随眠、疑随眠、慢随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。这七种法,是应当舍断的。”显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Sattānusayā – kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo , avijjānusayo. Ime satta dhammā pahātabbā.
“哪些是七种退分法?七种恶法:诸位尊者,于此,有比丘不具信、无惭、无愧、少闻、懈怠、失念、慧劣。这七种法,是退堕的。”显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta asaddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. Ime satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
贤友们,比丘具足信、有惭、有愧、多闻、精进、正念现前、具足智慧。这七法是为殊胜分。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta saddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. Ime satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
贤友们,有比丘知法、知义、知己、知量、知时、知众、知人。这七法甚难通达。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta sappurisadhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca. Ime satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
什么是七法?七种想:无常想、无我想、不净想、过患想、断除想、离贪想、灭尽想。这七法应当生起。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta saññā – aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime satta dhammā uppādetabbā.
“什么是七法呢?七种精进处——在此,贤友,比丘对受持学处有强烈的意欲,于未来受持学处亦不退失喜爱;对听闻法义有强烈的意欲,于未来听闻法义亦不退失喜爱;对调伏欲求有强烈的意欲,于未来调伏欲求亦不退失喜爱;对独处禅修有强烈的意欲,于未来独处禅修亦不退失喜爱;对精勤修习有强烈的意欲,于未来精勤修习亦不退失喜爱;对正念锐智有强烈的意欲,于未来正念锐智亦不退失喜爱;对通达正见有强烈的意欲,于未来通达正见亦不退失喜爱。此七法应当证知。”显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta niddasavatthūni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyāramme tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyāramme avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo. Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo. Ime satta dhammā abhiññeyyā.
什么是七法呢?七种漏尽者之力——在此,贤友,漏尽比丘已以正慧如实善见一切行皆为无常。贤友,漏尽比丘如实以正慧善见一切行无常,这便是漏尽比丘所具有的一种力。藉由此力,漏尽比丘宣称:‘我诸漏已尽。’显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame satta dhammā Satta khīṇāsavabalāni – idhāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
再者,贤友,漏尽比丘已以正慧如实善见诸欲犹如火炭坑。贤友……(中略)……宣称:‘我诸漏已尽。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘的心倾向于远离、趣向远离、倾注于远离,他安住远离,乐于出离,且已彻底远离一切能令漏生起的法。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ vivekaṭṭhaṃ nekkhammābhirataṃ byantībhūtaṃ sabbaso āsavaṭṭhāniyehi dhammehi. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘已修习四念处,修习圆满。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā . Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘已修习五根,修习圆满。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pañcindriyāni bhāvitāni honti subhāvitāni. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友,一位漏尽比丘已修习、善修习了七觉支。贤友,正因如此……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友,一位漏尽比丘已修习、善修习了八圣道。贤友,漏尽比丘这已修习、善修习的八圣道,便是漏尽比丘的一种力量。依凭这种力量,漏尽比丘才宣说漏的灭尽:‘我的漏已尽。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti. Ime satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“以上这七十种法,是真实的、确实的、如是的、不离真实的、不异于真实的,是如来以正智所圆满觉悟的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Itime sattati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
358 “八法有大利益……乃至……八法应当作证。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā…pe… aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“朋友们,哪些是八种法呢?有八种因、八种缘,能导向那根本梵行的智慧,于未得时令得,于已得后令增长、广大、修习、圆满。是哪八种?在此,朋友们,一位比丘依止于导师而住,或依止于某位值得尊重的梵行同道而住,对他现起强烈的惭、愧,以及爱戴与恭敬。这是第一种因、第一种缘,能导向那根本梵行的智慧,于未得时令得,于已得后令增长、广大、修习、圆满。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha hetū aṭṭha paccayā ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattanti. Katame aṭṭha? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthāraṃ upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ, yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Ayaṃ paṭhamo hetu paṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya . Paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
而他依止于那位导师而住,或依止于那位值得尊重的梵行同道而住,对他现起强烈的惭、愧,以及爱戴与恭敬。他时常前往拜见,详细请教:‘尊者,这是怎么回事?这其中有何义理?’那些尊者为他开显所未开显的,阐明所未阐明的,并在种种能引起疑惑的法上,为他澄清疑惑。这是第二种因、第二种缘,能导向那根本梵行的智慧,于未得时令得,于已得后令增长、广大、修习、圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kho pana satthāraṃ upanissāya viharati aññataraṃ vā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ , yatthassa tibbaṃ hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti pemañca gāravo ca. Te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ? Imassa ko attho’ti? Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānī karonti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ dutiyo hetu dutiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya, vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
听闻那法之后,他以两种远离令之圆满——身远离与心远离。这是第三种因、第三种缘,能导向那根本梵行的智慧,于未得时令得,于已得后令增长、广大、修习、圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kho pana dhammaṃ sutvā dvayena vūpakāsena sampādeti – kāyavūpakāsena ca cittavūpakāsena ca. Ayaṃ tatiyo hetu tatiyo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
再者,朋友们,比丘具足戒行,安住于别解脱律仪的防护,正行与行处皆圆满,于微细的罪过亦见怖畏,受持并修学诸学处。这是第四因、第四缘,能导向那根本梵行之慧:未获得者得以获得,已获得者得以增长、广大、修习、圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ catuttho hetu catuttho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
再者,贤友们,比丘多闻、忆持所闻、积集所闻。凡是那些初善、中善、后善,具义、具文,能宣示全然圆满、完全清净之梵行的法,于如是法,他多闻、忆持,以言诵习,以意审察,以见善巧通达。这是第五种因、第五种缘,能令那根本梵行的智慧,未获得者获得,已获得者增长、广大、修习、圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Ayaṃ pañcamo hetu pañcamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
“再者,贤友们,比丘发起精进而安住,为断除不善法、成就善法,强健有力,精勤坚固,于善法毫不懈怠。这是第六因、第六缘,能导向那根本梵行之慧:未获得者得以获得,已获得者得以增长、广大、修习、圆满。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho hetu chaṭṭho paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
“再者,贤友,比丘具足正念,成就最上的正念与明察,对于久远所作、久远所说,皆能记忆、忆持。这是第七个因、第七个缘,能令尚未获得的梵行根本慧得以获得,令已获得的智慧得以增长、广大、修习与圆满。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato. Cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Ayaṃ sattamo hetu sattamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
再者,贤友,比丘于五取蕴中,安住于随观生灭:‘此是色,此是色之生起,此是色之灭去;此是受,此是受之生起,此是受之灭去;此是想,此是想之生起,此是想之灭去;此是诸行,此是诸行之生起,此是诸行之灭去;此是识,此是识之生起,此是识之灭去。’这是第八个因、第八个缘,能令尚未获得的梵行根本慧得以获得,令已获得的智慧得以增长、广大、修习与圆满。这些,便是多有助益的八法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu, udayabbayānupassī viharati – ‘iti rūpaṃ iti rūpassa samudayo iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā iti vedanāya samudayo iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā iti saññāya samudayo iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ iti viññāṇassa samudayo iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo hetu aṭṭhamo paccayo ādibrahmacariyikāya paññāya appaṭiladdhāya paṭilābhāya, paṭiladdhāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā saṃvattati. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bahukārā.
“何等为应修习的八法?即圣八支道:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。这些便是应修习的八法。”显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“哪些是应遍知的八法?即八种世间法:得与失、名誉与恶名、讥与称、苦与乐。这八法,即是应遍知的。”显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha lokadhammā – lābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṃsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañca. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pariññeyyā.
“哪些是应舍断的八法?即八邪行:邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定。这八法,即是应舍断的。”显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi. Ime aṭṭha dhammā pahātabbā.
朋友们,哪些是八种导致懈怠的事?第一,有位比丘有活要干,他心想:‘我有活要干,干活时身体便会疲累,我不如躺下休息。’于是他便躺下,不策发精进,以证得那未证得的,获得那未获得的,体证那未体证的。这便是第一种导致懈怠的事。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha kusītavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,朋友们,有比丘已完成某项工作。他便想:‘我做了工作,做工时身体疲累了,我且躺下休息。’他便躺下,不策发精进……这是第二种懈怠的事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti . Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,朋友们,有比丘将要出行。他便想:‘我将要出行,行路时身体将会疲乏,我且躺下休息。’他便躺下,不策发精进……这是第三种懈怠的事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,朋友们,有比丘已出行。他便想:‘我已行路,行路中身体疲乏了,我且躺下休息。’他便躺下,不策发精进……这是第四种懈怠的事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,贤友,比丘前往村落或城镇托钵乞食,未能得到足够食物,不论是粗劣或精致,都不足以饱腹。他便心想:‘我往村落或城镇托钵,未能得到足够食物,不论粗细,都不足以饱腹,因此身体疲惫,不堪作业,不如躺下休息。’…这是第五种懈怠事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo kilanto akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,贤友,比丘前往村落或城镇托钵乞食,得到了足够食物,无论是粗劣或精致,都得以饱足。他便心想:‘我往村落或城镇托钵,已得饱足,无论粗细,皆得满足,因此身体沉重,不堪作业,犹如饱食豆子一般。不如躺下休息。’于是他便躺卧…这是第六种懈怠事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ , tassa me kāyo garuko akammañño, māsācitaṃ maññe, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,贤友,比丘生起轻微的病。他心想:‘我今有病,虽属轻微,正宜躺卧休息,我便躺卧吧。’于是他便躺卧…这是第七种懈怠事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho atthi kappo nipajjituṃ, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ kusītavatthu.
再者,贤友,有比丘病愈不久,刚从病中恢复。他心想:‘我病愈不久,身体尚且虚弱,不堪劳作,不如躺下吧。’于是他便躺了下来……这是第八种懈怠的因缘。这八种法,是令人退失的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānāvuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānāvuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa me kāyo dubbalo akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti. So nipajjati…pe… idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
是哪八种法呢?八种发起精进的因缘。贤友,在此,一位比丘有应作的事务。他心中如是思惟:‘我将有应作之事。然而,在处理事务时,不易专注忆念佛陀的教法。那么,我便为了获得未得的、证悟未证的、实现未实现的,而发起精进。’他便为了获得未得的、证悟未证的、实现未实现的,发起精进。这是第一种发起精进的因缘。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni. Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友,比丘做完了一件事务。他心想:‘我已做完了那件事务;做事务时,我未能专心忆念佛陀的教法。那么,我应策发精进……’这是第二种发起精进的因缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho panāhaṃ karonto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友,一位比丘将要踏上旅途。他心想:‘我将要踏上旅途了。然而,在行路之时,并不容易将心专注于佛陀的教法。那么,我应先行发起精进……’这是第三种发起精进的因缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ tatiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友,一位比丘已踏上了旅途。他心想:‘我已经走过了那条路。然而,在行路之时,我没能做到将心专注于佛陀的教法。那么,我应发起精进……’这是第四种发起精进的因缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho panāhaṃ gacchanto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasikātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ catutthaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友们,一位比丘到村落或城镇托钵乞食,未得到足量饮食——无论粗劣或精致——以令饱足。他心想:‘我到村落、城镇托钵,未获得足量饮食,无论粗糙还是精致,以令饱足。既然如此,我的身体变得轻安、堪任作业。那么,我应发起精进……’这是第五种发起精进的因缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ , tassa me kāyo lahuko kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ pañcamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友们,有比丘入村或入镇行乞,获得粗细食物,随其所需而得饱足。他这般思惟:‘我行乞已得粗细食物,随需饱足,我的身体强健、适于作业。我应当发起精进……’这就是第六种发起精进的基础。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa me kāyo balavā kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友们,有比丘生起轻微的病。他这般思惟:‘我今生起这轻微的病,而此事确有可能,这病或将加重。我应当发起精进……’这就是第七种发起精进的基础。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho pavaḍḍheyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… idaṃ sattamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
再者,贤友们,有一位比丘病愈不久,刚从疾病中康复。他心里这样想:‘我病愈不久,刚从疾病中康复。然而这事确有可能:我的疾病会再次复发。那么,就让我为了证得尚未证得的、达到尚未达到的、实现尚未实现的,而激发精进吧!’于是,他为了证得尚未证得的、达到尚未达到的、实现尚未实现的,而激发精进。这就是第八种策励精进的基础。贤友们,这八种法,便是通向殊胜之法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānā vuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ me ābādho paccudāvatteyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti. So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu. Ime aṭṭha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
贤友们,哪八种法呢?即是八种非时非机,不适宜修持梵行。贤友们,当如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间,并宣说导向寂静、趋向涅槃、引向觉悟的善逝所开示之法时,此人却投生在地狱之中。这是第一种不适宜修持梵行的非时非机。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha akkhaṇā asamayā brahmacariyavāsāya. Idhāvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo nirayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
“再者,贤友们,当如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间,并宣说导向寂静、趋向涅槃、引向觉悟的善逝所开示之法,此人却投生在畜生道中。这是第二种不适宜修持梵行的非时非机。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito, ayañca puggalo tiracchānayoniṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者,贤友们,当如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间,并宣说导向寂静、趋向涅槃、引向觉悟的善逝所开示之法,此人却投生在鬼界。这是第三种不适宜修持梵行的非时非机。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… pettivisayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者,……投生到了某一种长寿天中。这是第四种非时、非宜,不适宜修持梵行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… aññataraṃ dīghāyukaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者,……投生到了边鄙地区,在未开化的蛮族当中,那里是比丘、比丘尼、男居士、女居士所不到之处。这是第五种非时、非宜,不适宜修持梵行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… paccantimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti milakkhesu aviññātāresu, yattha natthi gati bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ. Ayaṃ pañcamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者,……此人虽然投生在中央国土,却抱持邪见,见地颠倒,认为:“没有布施,没有祭祀,没有供养,没有善业恶业的果报,没有此世,没有他世,没有母亲,没有父亲,没有化生有情……”这是第六种非时、非宜,不适宜修持梵行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti micchādiṭṭhiko viparītadassano – ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者……此人虽投生在中部地区,但智慧不足,愚钝、痴呆,如同哑者,不能分辨善说与恶说的义理。这是第七种非时,不适合修行梵行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti , so ca hoti duppañño jaḷo eḷamūgo, nappaṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ sattamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
再者……此人投生在中部地区,且具足智慧,不愚钝、不痴呆,能分辨善说与恶说的义理。这是第八种非时,不适合修行梵行。以上这八种情形,难以通达。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti paññavā ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, paṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya. Ime aṭṭha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪八种法是应当生起的?即八种大人之寻思:这是少欲者的法,不是多欲者的法;这是知足者的法,不是不知足者的法;这是乐独处者的法,不是乐众会者的法;这是精进者的法,不是懈怠者的法;这是正念现前者的法,不是忘念者的法;这是心定者的法,不是心散乱者的法;这是有慧者的法,不是无慧者的法;这是不乐戏论者的法,不是乐戏论者的法。这八种法,即是应当生起的。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā – appicchassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo mahicchassa. Santuṭṭhassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asantuṭṭhassa. Pavivittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo saṅgaṇikārāmassa. Āraddhavīriyassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo kusītassa. Upaṭṭhitasatissāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo muṭṭhassatissa. Samāhitassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo asamāhitassa . Paññavato ayaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo duppaññassa. Nippapañcassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo papañcārāmassāti ime aṭṭha dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪些是应证知的八种法?即是八胜处:内有色想者,于外见有量的美妙、丑陋之色,他心想:‘征服了那些色,我知、我见。’他即作如此之想。这是第一种胜处。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha abhibhāyatanāni – ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni , ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
内有色想者,于外见无量的美妙、丑陋之色,他心想:‘征服了那些色,我知、我见。’他即作如此之想。这是第二种胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
内无色想者,于外见有量的美妙、丑陋之色,他心想:‘征服了那些色,我知、我见。’他即作如此之想。这是第三种胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
内无色想者,独自观看外在无量的、或美丽或丑陋的色法。他想:‘我胜伏了那些色法,我知、我见。’如此存想。这是第四胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ catutthaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
内无色想者,唯一地观看外在青色、青相、青现、青光的色法。如同亚麻花,青色、青相、青现、青光;又如同两面细滑的波罗奈布,青色、青相、青现、青光。同样,内无色想者,唯一地观看外在青色、青相、青现、青光的色法。他想:‘我胜伏了那些色法,我知、我见。’如此存想。这是第五胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma umāpupphaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
第六个胜处:内心安住于无色想者,于外专一观见诸色为黄色、黄色色泽、黄色显相、黄色光辉。犹如迦尼迦罗花,黄色、黄色色泽、黄色显相、黄色光辉;又如波罗奈所产的布料,两面精磨,黄色、黄色色泽、黄色显相、黄色光辉。同样地,内心安住于无色想者,于外专一观见诸色为黄色、黄色色泽、黄色显相、黄色光辉,并起此想:‘我胜他们,我知、我见。’这就是第六个胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma kaṇikārapupphaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ. Seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ , evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
第七胜处:内心无有色想者,于外独观赤色的、赤颜色、赤色显相、赤色光泽之诸色。正如般豆时婆花,赤色的、赤颜色、赤色显相、赤色光泽;又如波罗奈所产之布,两面精磨,赤色的、赤颜色、赤色显相、赤色光泽。同样,内心无有色想者,于外独观赤色的、赤颜色、赤色显相、赤色光泽之诸色,于彼诸色制胜后,生起如是念:‘我胜过了它们,我知、我见。’这就是第七胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma bandhujīvakapupphaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ sattamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
第八胜处:内心安住无色想者,于外单观白色、白色色泽、白色显相、白色光泽的色法。如同那颗晨星,是白色、白色色泽、白色显相、白色光泽的;又如那块波罗奈所产的布料,两面精磨,是白色、白色色泽、白色显相、白色光泽的。同样,内心安住无色想者,于外单观白色、白色色泽、白色显相、白色光泽的色法,并生起如是之想:‘我已胜彼,我知、我见。’这就是第八胜处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma osadhitārakā odātā odātavaṇṇā odātanidassanā odātanibhāsā, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ odātaṃ odātavaṇṇaṃ odātanidassanaṃ odātanibhāsaṃ, evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ. Ime aṭṭha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪些是八种法?即八解脱。内有色想者,外观色法,这是第一解脱。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame aṭṭha dhammā Aṭṭha vimokkhā – rūpī rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo vimokkho.
内无色想者,外观诸色。这是第二解脱。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ dutiyo vimokkho.
“唯对净相生起胜解。这是第三解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Subhanteva adhimutto hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo vimokkho.
“完全超越一切色想,灭有对想,不作意种种想,作意“虚空无边”,进入并安住于空无边处。这是第四解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ catuttho vimokkho.
“彻底超越空无边处,觉知“识无边际”,进入并安住于识无边处。这是第五解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ pañcamo vimokkho.
“彻底超越识无边处,觉知“无所有”,进入并安住于无所有处。这是第六解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho vimokkho.
“彻底超越无所有处,进入并安住于非想非非想处。这是第七解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ sattamo vimokkho.
“完全超越非想非非想处,进入并安住于想受灭。这是第八解脱。这八法应当亲证。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo vimokkho. Ime aṭṭha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“如此,这八十法真实、如实、不虚、不颠倒,为如来所正觉。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime asīti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
359 “九法多有助益……乃至……九法应当作证。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nava dhammā bahukārā…pe… nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“哪九种法多有助益呢?即以如理作意为根本的九法:如理作意则生喜悦;有喜悦者生喜;心有喜者身得轻安;身得轻安者感受乐;有乐者心得定;心得定者如实地知见;如实地知见者生厌离;厌离者离欲;离欲者得解脱。这九种法多有助益。”显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, yonisomanasikaroto pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhite citte yathābhūtaṃ jānāti passati, yathābhūtaṃ jānaṃ passaṃ nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati. Ime nava dhammā bahukārā.
“哪九种法应当修习呢?即九清净勤修支:戒清净是清净勤修支,心清净是清净勤修支,见清净是清净勤修支,度疑清净是清净勤修支,道非道知见清净是清净勤修支,道迹知见清净是清净勤修支,知见清净是清净勤修支,慧清净是清净勤修支,解脱清净是清净勤修支。这九种法应当修习。”显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni – sīlavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, cittavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, diṭṭhivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, maggāmaggañāṇadassana – visuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, ñāṇadassanavisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, paññāvisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ, vimuttivisuddhi pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgaṃ. Ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā.
什么是“应遍知的九种法”?即九种有情居处。贤友们,有些有情身异想异,如人类、一部分天神与一部分堕恶趣者。这是第一种有情居处。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava sattāvāsā – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有些有情身异想同,如由初禅投生的大梵天众。这是第二种有情居处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有些有情身同想异,如光音天众。这是第三种有情居处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有一类众生,身同、想同,譬如遍净天众。这是第四种众生住处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catuttho sattāvāso.
贤友们,有一类众生,无想、无感受,譬如无想有情天众。这是第五种众生住处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā asaññino appaṭisaṃvedino, seyyathāpi devā asaññasattā. Ayaṃ pañcamo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有一类众生,全然超越了色想,灭尽有对想,不作意种种想,以‘虚空无边’而入空无边处。这是第六种众生住处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho sattāvāso.
贤友们,有些众生完全超越空无边处,觉知‘识无边际’,而生于识无边处。这是第七种众生住处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有些众生完全超越识无边处,觉知‘无所有’,而生于无所有处。这是第八种众生住处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo sattāvāso.
贤友们,有些众生完全超越无所有处,而生于非想非非想处。这是第九种众生住处。这九种法应当遍知。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ navamo sattāvāso. Ime nava dhammā pariññeyyā.
那么,哪些是九种应当舍断的法?即是九种以渴爱为根本的法:以渴爱为缘而有遍求,以遍求为缘而有利得,以利得为缘而有判断分别,以判断分别为缘而有欲望与贪染,以欲望与贪染为缘而有执取黏着,以执取黏着为缘而有据为私有,以据为私有为缘而有悭吝,以悭吝为缘而有守护。以守护为因缘,便生起了执持棍棒、执持武器、争吵、冲突、纷争、口角、离间语、虚妄语等种种的恶不善法。这九种法,是应当舍断的。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā – taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā, pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho, lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo, vinicchayaṃ paṭicca chandarāgo , chandarāgaṃ paṭicca ajjhosānaṃ, ajjhosānaṃ paṭicca pariggaho, pariggahaṃ paṭicca macchariyaṃ, macchariyaṃ paṭicca ārakkho, ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ daṇḍādānasatthādānakalahaviggahavivādatuvaṃtuvaṃpesuññamusāvādā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti. Ime nava dhammā pahātabbā.
那么,哪九种法是退分之法?即九种生起怨恨的原因:因‘他做了对我不利的事’而心怀怨恨,因‘他正在做对我不利的事’而心怀怨恨,因‘他将要做对我不利的事’而心怀怨恨;因‘他对我喜爱、中意的人做了不利的事’……‘正在做不利的事’……‘将要做不利的事’而心怀怨恨;因‘他对我不可爱、不中意的人做了有利的事’……‘正在做有利的事’……‘将要做有利的事’而心怀怨恨。这九种法,是退分之法。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava āghātavatthūni – ‘anatthaṃ me acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘anatthaṃ me carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘anatthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… ‘atthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati. Ime nava dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
那么,哪九种法是胜分之法?即九种调伏怨恨的方法:想到‘他做了对我不利的事,但这又哪里能求得什么呢?’如是思惟,便调伏了怨恨;想到‘他正在做对我不利的事,但这又哪里能求得什么呢?’……想到‘他将要做对我不利的事,但这又哪里能求得什么呢?’……;想到‘他对我喜爱、中意的人做了不利的事……正在做……将要做……,但这又哪里能求得什么呢?’……;想到‘他对我不可爱、不中意的人做了有利的事……正在做……将要做……,但这又哪里能求得什么呢?’……。这九种法,是胜分之法。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava āghātapaṭivinayā – ‘anatthaṃ me acari, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari…pe… anatthaṃ carati…pe… anatthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari…pe… atthaṃ carati…pe… atthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti. Ime nava dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
那么,哪九种法是难以通达的呢?即是九种差异:缘于界的差异,生起触的差异;缘于触的差异,生起受的差异;缘于受的差异,生起想的差异;缘于想的差异,生起思惟的差异;缘于思惟的差异,生起欲的差异;缘于欲的差异,生起热恼的差异;缘于热恼的差异,生起寻求的差异;缘于寻求的差异,生起得的差异。这九种法,难以通达。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava nānattā – dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ, phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānattaṃ, vedanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saññānānattaṃ, saññānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṅkappanānattaṃ, saṅkappanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandanānattaṃ, chandanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariḷāhanānattaṃ, pariḷāhanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati pariyesanānānattaṃ, pariyesanānānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati lābhanānattaṃ. Ime nava dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
哪九种法是应当生起的?即九种想:不净想、死想、食厌逆想、一切世间不乐想、无常想、于无常见苦想、于苦见无我想、舍断想、离贪想。这九种法,是应当生起的。显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā , sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā , aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā. Ime nava dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪九种法是应当完全证知的?即九种次第安住:贤友们,于此,比丘远离欲乐、远离不善法,有寻有伺,由远离而生起喜与乐,进入并安住于初禅。随着寻与伺的平息……进入并安住于第二禅。随着喜的消退……进入并安住于第三禅。随着乐的舍断……进入并安住于第四禅。完全超越一切色想,进入并安住于空无边处。完全超越一切空无边处,以‘识无限’而进入并安住于识无边处。完全超越一切识无边处,以‘无所有’而进入并安住于无所有处。完全超越一切无所有处,进入并安住于非想非非想处。完全超越一切非想非非想处,进入并安住于想受灭尽。这九种法,是应当完全证知的。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava anupubbavihārā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime nava dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪九种法是应证知的呢?即九种次第灭:证入初禅者,欲想灭去;证入第二禅者,寻与伺灭去;证入第三禅者,喜灭去;证入第四禅者,出入息灭去;证入空无边处者,色想灭去;证入识无边处者,空无边处想灭去;证入无所有处者,识无边处想灭去;证入非想非非想处者,无所有处想灭去;证入想受灭尽者,想与受灭去。这九种法是应证知的。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame nava dhammā Nava anupubbanirodhā – paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa kāmasaññā niruddhā hoti, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārā niruddhā honti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa pīti niruddhā hoti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāssā niruddhā honti, ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa rūpasaññā niruddhā hoti, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti, saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca niruddhā honti. Ime nava dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“像这样,这九十种法真实、精确、如实、不虚妄、不错谬,是如来所圆满正觉的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime navuti dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
360 “十种多所助益的法……乃至……十种应作证的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dasa dhammā bahukārā…pe… dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
哪十种法是能作依怙的法呢?贤友们,在此,若有比丘持戒,安住于巴帝摩卡律仪防护,行处与境界具足,于微细罪见其怖畏,受学学处。贤友们,凡是这样的比丘持戒……乃至……受学学处,此即是一种能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
(Ka) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa nāthakaraṇādhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘多闻……乃至……以正见善巧通达。贤友们,凡是这样的比丘多闻……乃至……,此亦是一种能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto …pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
“再者,贤友们,比丘拥有善知识、善同伴、善同道。贤友们,比丘……乃至……拥有善同道。这便是一种能作依怙的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘易受教诫,具备易受教诫的品质,有耐心,恭敬地领受教诫。贤友们,比丘……乃至……恭敬地领受教诫。这便是一种能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… anusāsaniṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,对于同梵行者之间种种应办的事务,比丘能干而不懈怠,懂得如何审察处理,足以完成,足以安排。贤友们,比丘……乃至……足以安排。这便是一种能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha dakkho hoti analaso tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ, alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘喜爱法,言谈悦人,于阿毗达摩与阿毗毗奈耶深怀喜悦。这也是能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti piyasamudāhāro abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjo. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… uḷārapāmojjo. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘于随缘所得的衣物、乞食、住处及病者医药资具,皆能知足。这也是能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarehi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu …pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘精勤安住,为断除不善法、成就善法而勇悍努力。这也是能作依怙的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati…pe… kusalesu dhammesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘具足正念,拥有最胜的念与明觉,久远以前所作、所说,都能忆持、追忆。贤友们,比丘……这一法也是能作依怙的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti, paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
再者,贤友们,比丘拥有智慧,具足能导向生灭的智慧——圣洁、透达、正确导向灭尽一切苦的智慧。贤友们,比丘……这一法也是能作依怙的。这十种法,是饶益深厚的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato, ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu…pe… ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo. Ime dasa dhammā bahukārā.
哪十种法应当修习?十种遍处:有人觉知地遍──向上、向下、横向,无有二相,无量无边。有人觉知水遍……有人觉知火遍……有人觉知风遍……有人觉知青遍……有人觉知黄遍……有人觉知红遍……有人觉知白遍……有人觉知空遍……有人觉知识遍──向上、向下、横向,无有二相,无量无边。这十种法,是应当修习的。显示巴利原文
(Kha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni – pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Āpokasiṇameko sañjānāti…pe… tejokasiṇameko sañjānāti… vāyokasiṇameko sañjānāti… nīlakasiṇameko sañjānāti… pītakasiṇameko sañjānāti… lohitakasiṇameko sañjānāti… odātakasiṇameko sañjānāti… ākāsakasiṇameko sañjānāti… viññāṇakasiṇameko sañjānāti uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ . Ime dasa dhammā bhāvetabbā.
哪十种法应遍知?十种处:眼处、色处、耳处、声处、鼻处、香处、舌处、味处、身处、触处。这十种法是应遍知的。显示巴利原文
(Ga) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasāyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ. Ime dasa dhammā pariññeyyā.
哪十种法应舍断?十种邪性:邪见、邪思维、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定、邪智、邪解脱。这十种法是应舍断的。显示巴利原文
(Gha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa micchattā – micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo, micchāsati, micchāsamādhi, micchāñāṇaṃ, micchāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā pahātabbā.
哪十种法是退分?十种不善业道:杀生、不与取、欲邪行、妄语、离间语、粗恶语、杂秽语、贪、嗔、邪见。这十种法是退分的。显示巴利原文
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa akusalakammapathā – pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo, abhijjhā, byāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
哪十种法是胜分法?即十善业道:远离杀生、远离不与取、远离欲邪行、远离妄语、远离离间语、远离粗恶语、远离杂秽语,以及无贪、无嗔、正见。这十种法,是胜分法。显示巴利原文
(Ca) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa kusalakammapathā – pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, anabhijjhā, abyāpādo, sammādiṭṭhi. Ime dasa dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
哪十种法是十圣居?贤友,比丘于此断除五支,具足六支,有一护,有四依止,舍离各别诤论,彻底舍断寻求,意向清净无浊,身行轻安,心善解脱,慧善解脱。显示巴利原文
(Cha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa ariyavāsā – idhāvuso , bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti, chaḷaṅgasamannāgato, ekārakkho, caturāpasseno, paṇunnapaccekasacco, samavayasaṭṭhesano, anāvilasaṅkappo, passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro, suvimuttacitto, suvimuttapañño.
贤友,比丘如何断除五支?贤友,在此,比丘已断除欲贪,已断除嗔恚,已断除昏沉睡眠,已断除掉举追悔,已断除疑惑。贤友,如此便断除了五支。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso , bhikkhu hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti.
贤友,比丘如何具足六支?贤友,有比丘眼见色后,不喜不忧,安住于舍,具念正知;耳闻声后……鼻嗅香后……舌尝味后……身触触后……意了法后,不喜不忧,安住于舍,具念正知。贤友,这就是比丘具足六支。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti.
贤友,比丘如何有一护?贤友,比丘具足以正念守护之心。贤友,这就是比丘有一护。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satārakkhena cetasā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti.
贤友,比丘如何有四依止?贤友,有比丘审慎思惟后,受用一事;审慎思惟后,忍受一事;审慎思惟后,避除一事;审慎思惟后,驱遣一事。贤友,这就是比丘有四依止。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti.
贤友,比丘如何是舍离各别诤论的呢?贤友,世间众多沙门、婆罗门所持的种种各别之见,比丘皆已排除、舍离、弃绝、吐出、解除、断除、彻底放下。贤友,比丘正是如此舍离各别诤论。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, sabbāni tāni nunnāni honti paṇunnāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti.
“贤友,怎样才是已安止寻求的比丘?贤友,此比丘已断尽对感官欲乐的寻求,断尽对生存的寻求,对梵行的寻求亦已平息。贤友,比丘正是如此为已安止寻求。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.
“贤友,怎样才是意向无浊的比丘?贤友,此比丘已断尽欲念,断尽嗔恚之念,断尽害意之念。贤友,比丘正是如此为意向无浊。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso , bhikkhu hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, byāpādasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti.
“贤友,怎样才称为身行已轻安的比丘呢?贤友,此处有比丘,舍断乐、舍断苦,随着先前已有的喜与忧灭没,进入并安住于不苦不乐、具足舍与念的清净的第四禅那。贤友,如此便是身行已轻安的比丘。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.
“贤友,怎样才称为善解脱心的比丘呢?贤友,此处有比丘,其心已从贪解脱,从嗔解脱,从痴解脱。贤友,如此便是善解脱心的比丘。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, dosā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, mohā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti.
“贤友,怎样才称为善解脱慧的比丘呢?贤友,此处有比丘,他彻知:‘我的贪已断尽,已连根拔除,如同截断的棕榈树桩,不复存在,未来不生。’他彻知:‘我的嗔已断尽…… 未来不生。’他彻知:‘我的痴已断尽…… 未来不生。’贤友,如此便是善解脱慧的比丘。贤友,这十种法,是难以透彻通达的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Doso me pahīno…pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Moho me pahīno …pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti. Ime dasa dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
“哪十种法是应当生起的呢?即十种想:不净想、死想、于食厌患想、对一切世间不喜乐想、无常想、于无常中的苦想、于苦中的无我想、舍断想、离欲想、灭尽想。这十种法应当生起。”显示巴利原文
(Ja) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa saññā – asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhārepaṭikūlasaññā, sabbalokeanabhiratisaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime dasa dhammā uppādetabbā.
哪十种是磨灭之事呢?对于具正见者,邪见被磨灭;凡以邪见为缘而生起的种种不善之法,也都随着被磨灭。具正思惟者,邪思惟被磨灭……具正语者,邪语被磨灭……具正业者,邪业被磨灭……具正命者,邪命被磨灭……具正精进者,邪精进被磨灭……具正念者,邪念被磨灭……具正定者,邪定被磨灭……具正智者,邪智被磨灭。具正解脱者,邪解脱被磨灭;凡以邪解脱为缘而生起的种种不善之法,也都随着被磨灭。这十种法应当被完全了知。显示巴利原文
(Jha) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa nijjaravatthūni – sammādiṭṭhissa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchādiṭṭhipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāsaṅkappassa micchāsaṅkappo…pe… sammāvācassa micchāvācā… sammākammantassa micchākammanto… sammāājīvassa micchāājīvo… sammāvāyāmassa micchāvāyāmo… sammāsatissa micchāsati… sammāsamādhissa micchāsamādhi… sammāñāṇassa micchāñāṇaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ hoti. Sammāvimuttissa micchāvimutti nijjiṇṇā hoti. Ye ca micchāvimuttipaccayā aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Ime dasa dhammā abhiññeyyā.
哪十种是无学法,应当亲自体证的呢?即:无学的正见、无学的正思惟、无学的正语、无学的正业、无学的正命、无学的正精进、无学的正念、无学的正定、无学的正智、无学的正解脱。这十种法应被作证。显示巴利原文
(Ña) ‘‘katame dasa dhammā Dasa asekkhā dhammā – asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi, asekkho sammāsaṅkappo, asekkhā sammāvācā, asekkho sammākammanto, asekkho sammāājīvo, asekkho sammāvāyāmo, asekkhā sammāsati, asekkho sammāsamādhi, asekkhaṃ sammāñāṇaṃ, asekkhā sammāvimutti. Ime dasa dhammā sacchikātabbā.
如此,这一百个法是真实、确凿、如实、不虚妄、不变异的,是如来所正自觉悟的。”那些比丘们心生欢喜,对舍利弗尊者的开示随喜赞叹。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti ime satadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti. Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
《巴提咖》与《优昙婆罗》,《转轮王》、《阿根雅》
《善见堂经》、《大人相经》,
《新嘎喇经》、《阿吒那胝经》、《合诵经》与《十上经》,
以此十一经,称为《巴提咖品》。
显示巴利原文 Pāthiko ca udumbaraṃ , cakkavatti aggaññakaṃ; Sampasādanapāsādaṃ , mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ. Siṅgālāṭānāṭiyakaṃ , saṅgīti ca dasuttaraṃ; Ekādasahi suttehi, pāthikavaggoti vuccati.
由三品庄严之整部显示巴利原文
Tīhi vaggehi paṭimaṇḍito sakalo
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 佛陀,在场但未直接说法 Sāriputta 舍利弗 本经说法者,对众比丘开示 bhikkhū 比丘 舍利弗说法时的听众群体
地点 佛陀与五百位比丘住在占巴城的嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。舍利弗在此地为大众开示。
事件 佛世尊与五百大比丘僧团共同居住。当时,舍利弗尊者唤集众比丘,表示要为他们说法。他以一套极其严谨的数学结构——从“一法”渐次增至“十法”,每一种法又从“多有助益”、“应修习”、“应遍知”、“应舍断”等十个不同角度进行剖析,完整系统地组织起一百项法义,呈现了一个完整的修行蓝图。
经文摘要 舍利弗以十重角度(助益→修习→遍知→舍断→退分→胜分→难通达→生起→证知→作证)× 十组法数(一法至十法),将佛陀教法系统化为“百法”,为修行者提供从入门到究竟的完整指导。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 1. 背景:一张精准的修行地图
这部经不是讲故事,而是像一张高度凝缩、结构清晰的修行地图。舍利弗尊者用数学般的精确框架,把佛法庞杂的修行要点,分门别类地打包成十个数字组(一法到十法)。这就像一位导师递给学生的“总复习大纲”,目的是让你一眼就能看清修行的全貌。
2. 核心:法不是死的知识,是活的方向
这部经最大的洞见,不在于罗列了多少法,而在于它的“十重角度”。舍利弗告诉你:同一个“法”,因你的修行阶段和理解不同,可以扮演完全不同的角色。
比如“不放逸”是“多助益的法”,而“身至念”是“应修习的法”。经文原话说: “一切有情依食而住,此非法品是应遍知的。”
「→ 拆开看:」 这句话精妙地揭示了一个真相——就连“吃东西”这种日常本能,佛弟子看待它的角度也完全不同。它不是一个需要去修习或断除的法,而是一个需要被透彻明了的生命真相(遍知)。这一刀切的视角转换,把一个普通现象拉入了智慧觉察的领域。
再进一步看,“我慢”是“应舍断的法”,而“无间心定”是“难通达的法”, “不动心解脱”则是“应作证的法”。这十个贯穿的角度,形成了一条完整的修行链:先确立什么对你有帮助(多助益)→ 明白该实践什么(应修习)→ 持有什么认知(应遍知)→ 斩断什么障碍(应舍断)→ 警惕什么导致堕落(退分)→ 发展什么带来提升(胜分)→ 认清什么纯粹艰难(难通达)→ 培育什么新品性(应生起)→ 体证什么真理(应证知)→ 最终抵达绝对的结果(应作证)。 它不是让你把一百个法全背下来,而是让你学会用这十种眼光去审视任何一个法,从而准确判断自己现在该干嘛。
3. 要旨:从技术清单到生命实证
念、定、慧、五蕴、四谛……所有这些术语,都被放入了“十重角度”的流水线上。从“二法:止与观,应修习”到“十法:十种无学法,应作证”,整个清单指向一个活生生的终点—— “善解脱心、善解脱慧”。
→ 一句话要旨: 修行不是杂乱无章的知识积累,而是对自身生命全方位、分阶段的精准管理,最终导向彻底的无漏解脱。
关键术语锚 - dhamma → 法/教法
- *易错原因*:本经里“法”在不同语境下指代完全不同。有时是广义的“事物”(如“一切有情依食而住”是应遍知的“法”),有时是特指的“修行方法”(如“身至念”是应修习的“法”),有时是佛陀的“教义”本身。不能一概而论。
- āsava → 漏/烦恼
- *易错原因*:常被简化成“烦恼”,但其原意是“流出来”的脓疮或发酵的汁液,指根植于内心深处的、能驱使轮回的潜在心智习性(欲、有、无明)。它比表面的情绪更根本,经中“诸漏尽智”即指斩断这些深层习性。
- vihāra → 住/安住(心境)
- *易错原因*:非指物理上的居住地(精舍),而是指“心住于某种状态”。经文里的“十圣居”并非指十间圣人的房子,而是指十种内心的安稳居住状态。
- nimitta → 相/禅相
- *易错原因*:在“省察相”一类语境下,它不是普通的“相状”,而是心在深入定境后所缘的微细对象或心理印记,是深定操作中需微妙调控的关键。
- attha → 义/意义
- *易错原因*:如“体验义,体验法”中的“义”,不是文字的字面意思,而是指通过实践经文后,内心体会到的法背后所指的真理实况和利益,是与生命直接碰触后的真实感悟。