350 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在瞻波(Campā) 的伽伽拉(Gaggara) 莲花池畔,与约五百位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起。那时,舍利弗尊者(Sāriputta) 这样召唤诸比丘:“贤友们,比丘们!”那些比丘回应道:“贤友!”接着,舍利弗尊者这样说:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti! ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
“ 我将宣说十增法,为证涅槃,
为灭尽诸苦,为解脱一切结。”巴利
‘‘Dasuttaraṃ pavakkhāmi, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā; Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sabbaganthappamocanaṃ’’.
351 【一法·总标】“贤友们,有一法有大帮助,有一法应当修习,有一法应当遍知,有一法应当断除,有一法是退分法,有一法是胜分法,有一法难以通达,有一法应当令生起,有一法应当证知,有一法应当作证。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Eko, āvuso, dhammo bahukāro, eko dhammo bhāvetabbo, eko dhammo pariññeyyo, eko dhammo pahātabbo, eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo, eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo, eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho, eko dhammo uppādetabbo, eko dhammo abhiññeyyo, eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
【一法·1】(一)哪一法有大帮助?即于善法上的不放逸。这一法有大帮助。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bahukāro? Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bahukāro.
【一法·2】(二)哪一法应当修习?即与喜乐俱行的身至念。这一法应当修习。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo bhāvetabbo? Kāyagatāsati sātasahagatā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo bhāvetabbo.
【一法·3】(三)哪一法应当遍知?即有漏、有取的触。这一法应当遍知。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pariññeyyo? Phasso sāsavo upādāniyo. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pariññeyyo.
【一法·4】(四)哪一法应当舍弃?即我慢。这一法应当舍弃。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo pahātabbo? Asmimāno. Ayaṃ eko dhammo pahātabbo.
【一法·5】(五)哪一法是令人退堕的?不如理作意。这一法,是退堕分。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo? Ayoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo hānabhāgiyo.
【一法·6】(六)哪一法是令人殊胜提升的?如理作意。这一法,是殊胜提升分。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo? Yoniso manasikāro. Ayaṃ eko dhammo visesabhāgiyo.
【一法·7】(七)哪一法是难以通达的?无间心定。这一法,实难通达。巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho? Ānantariko cetosamādhi. Ayaṃ eko dhammo duppaṭivijjho.
【一法·8】(八)什么是一法?不动摇的智,这即是应当生起的一法。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo uppādetabbo? Akuppaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ eko dhammo uppādetabbo.
【一法·9】(九)什么是一法?一切众生依食而住,这即是应当了知的一法。巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo abhiññeyyo? Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Ayaṃ eko dhammo abhiññeyyo.
【一法·10】(十)什么是一法?不可动摇的心解脱,这即是应当亲证的一法。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katamo eko dhammo sacchikātabbo? Akuppā cetovimutti. Ayaṃ eko dhammo sacchikātabbo.
“如是,此十法真实、如实、如是、不虚妄、无有变异,为如来所完全正觉。巴利
‘‘Iti ime dasa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
352 【二法·总标】“有两种法能带来大利益,有两种法应当修习,有两种法应当遍知,有两种法应当舍断,有两种法是退分,有两种法是胜分,有两种法难以通达,有两种法应当生起,有两种法应当证知,有两种法应当作证。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Dve dhammā bahukārā, dve dhammā bhāvetabbā, dve dhammā pariññeyyā, dve dhammā pahātabbā , dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā, dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā, dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā, dve dhammā uppādetabbā, dve dhammā abhiññeyyā, dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【二法·1】(一)哪两种法多所助益?念与正知。这两种法多所助益。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bahukārā? Sati ca sampajaññañca. Ime dve dhammā bahukārā.
【二法·2】(二)哪两种法应当修习?止与观。这两种法应当修习。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā bhāvetabbā? Samatho ca vipassanā ca. Ime dve dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【二法·3】(三)哪两种法应当遍知?名与色。这两种法应当遍知。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pariññeyyā? Nāmañca rūpañca. Ime dve dhammā pariññeyyā.
【二法·4】(四)哪两种法应当舍断?无明与有渴爱。这两种法应当舍断。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā pahātabbā? Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca. Ime dve dhammā pahātabbā.
【二法·5】(五)哪两种法属于退分?难教化与恶友。这两种法属于退分。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【二法·6】(六)哪两种法是殊胜进步分?善顺与善友。这两种法是殊胜进步分。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Sovacassatā ca kalyāṇamittatā ca. Ime dve dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【二法·7】(七)哪些是两种难以通达的法?导致有情杂染的因与缘,以及导致有情清净的因与缘。这两种法,难以通达。巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāya, yo ca hetu yo ca paccayo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā. Ime dve dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【二法·8】(八)哪些是两种应当生起的法?尽智与无生智。这两种法,应当令其生起。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame dve dhammā uppādetabbā? Dve ñāṇāni – khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇaṃ. Ime dve dhammā uppādetabbā.
【二法·9】(九)哪些是两种应当以胜智证知的法?有为界与无为界。这两种法,应当以胜智证知。巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame dve dhammā abhiññeyyā? Dve dhātuyo – saṅkhatā ca dhātu asaṅkhatā ca dhātu. Ime dve dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【二法·10】(十)哪两种法是应当亲自体证的?明与解脱。这两种法,应当亲身证得。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame dve dhammā sacchikātabbā? Vijjā ca vimutti ca. Ime dve dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“如是,这二十种法真实、确凿、如实、不虚、无有变易,为如来所正觉。巴利
‘‘Iti ime vīsati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
353 【三法·总标】“有三法多有助益,有三法应当修习……(中略)……有三法应当作证。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Tayo dhammā bahukārā, tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【三法·1】(一)哪三法多有助益?亲近善士、听闻正法、法随法行。这三法多有助益。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bahukārā? Sappurisasaṃsevo, saddhammassavanaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti. Ime tayo dhammā bahukārā.
【三法·2】(二)哪三法应当修习?三种定——有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。这三法应当修习。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā? Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi, avitakko vicāramatto samādhi, avitakko avicāro samādhi. Ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【三法·3】(三)哪三法应当遍知?三种受——乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。这三法应当遍知。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pariññeyyā? Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Ime tayo dhammā pariññeyyā.
【三法·4】(四)哪三法应当舍断?三种渴爱——欲渴爱、有渴爱、无有渴爱。这三法应当舍断。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā pahātabbā? Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā. Ime tayo dhammā pahātabbā.
【三法·5】(五)哪三法是退堕分?三种不善根——贪是不善根,嗔是不善根,痴是不善根。这三法是退堕分。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【三法·6】(六)哪三种法是殊胜分?三种善根:无贪善根、无嗔善根、无痴善根。这三种法是殊胜的部分。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【三法·7】(七)哪三种法是难通达的?三种能出离的界:欲的出离即是出离,色的出离即是无色,而凡是任何存在的、有为的、缘起的,它的出离即是灭尽。这三种法是难以通达的。巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, rūpānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ arūpaṃ, yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ, nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【三法·8】(八)哪三种法应当令其生起?三种智:于过去分的智、于未来分的智、于现在分的智。这三种法应当令其生起。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā uppādetabbā? Tīṇi ñāṇāni – atītaṃse ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse ñāṇaṃ. Ime tayo dhammā uppādetabbā.
【三法·9】(九)哪三种法呢?三种界:欲界、色界、无色界。这三种法,应当透过实证来彻底了知。巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā? Tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu. Ime tayo dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【三法·10】(十)哪三种法呢?三种明:宿住随念智明、死生智明、漏尽智明。这三种法,应当亲身去证得。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā? Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāte ñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ vijjā. Ime tayo dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“这三十种法,真实、确凿、如实,不虚妄,不颠倒,是如来所正觉的。巴利
‘‘Iti ime tiṃsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
354 【四法·总标】“四种法有大利益,四种法应当修习……(中略)……四种法应当作证。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Cattāro dhammā bahukārā, cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【四法·1】(一)哪四种法呢?即四种轮:居于适宜之地,亲近善士,自身正志,以及过去所积的功德。这四种法能作大利益。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bahukārā? Cattāri cakkāni – patirūpadesavāso, sappurisūpanissayo , attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā. Ime cattāro dhammā bahukārā.
【四法·2】(二)哪四种法?四念处:贤友们,比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间贪忧。于受……于心……于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间贪忧。这四种法应当修习。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【四法·3】(三)哪四种法?四种食:团食,有粗有细;触为第二;思为第三;识为第四。这四种法应当遍知。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā? Cattāro āhārā – kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā pariññeyyā.
【四法·4】(四)哪四种法?四种瀑流:欲瀑流、有瀑流、邪见瀑流、无明瀑流。这四种法应当断除。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā pahātabbā? Cattāro oghā – kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho. Ime cattāro dhammā pahātabbā.
【四法·5】(五)哪四种法?四种轭:欲轭、有轭、见轭、无明轭。这四种法是退堕分。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cattāro yogā – kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【四法·6】(六)哪四种法?四种离轭:离欲轭、离有轭、离见轭、离无明轭。这四种法是殊胜分。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cattāro visaññogā – kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo. Ime cattāro dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【四法·7】(七)哪四种法?四种定:退堕分定、住分定、殊胜分定、穿透分定。这四种法是难通达的。巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cattāro samādhī – hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi. Ime cattāro dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【四法·8】(八)哪四种法?四种智:法智、类智、他心智、世俗智。这四种法,应当生起。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā? Cattāri ñāṇāni – dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā uppādetabbā.
【四法·9】(九)哪四种法?四圣谛:苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、导向苦灭的道圣谛。这四种法,应当证知。巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ. Ime cattāro dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【四法·10】(十)哪四种法?四沙门果:入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果。这四种法,应当作证。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cattāri sāmaññaphalāni – sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ . Ime cattāro dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“这四十种法是真实、如实、正确、无虚妄、无变异的,是如来所正觉。巴利
‘‘Iti ime cattārīsadhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
355 【五法·总标】“有五种法是极有助益的……(中略)……有五种法是应作证的。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Pañca dhammā bahukārā…pe… pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【五法·1】(一)何等五法有助于善巧?即五种精勤支。在此,贤友,比丘具信,相信如来的觉悟:‘这位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’他少病少恼,消化适中,不过寒、不过热,堪能精进。他不狡诈、不虚伪,在导师或有智慧的同梵行者面前如实展现自己。他为断除不善法、成就善法,精进努力而住,坚毅、勇猛、不舍善法之担。他具足智慧,其慧能洞察生灭,是圣者之慧,能彻底穿透,正确导向苦灭。此五法有助于善巧。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bahukārā? Pañca padhāniyaṅgāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī yathābhūtamattānaṃ āvīkattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ime pañca dhammā bahukārā.
【五法·2】(二)何等五法是应当修习的?即具足五支的正定:喜遍满、乐遍满、心遍满、光明遍满、省察相。此五法是应当修习的。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā? Pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi – pītipharaṇatā, sukhapharaṇatā, cetopharaṇatā , ālokapharaṇatā, paccavekkhaṇanimittaṃ . Ime pañca dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【五法·3】(三)何等五法是应当彻底了知的?即五取蕴:色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。此五法是应当彻底了知的。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pariññeyyā? Pañcupādānakkhandhā – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā pariññeyyā.
【五法·4】(四)哪些是应断除的五法?即五种盖:欲贪盖、瞋恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举追悔盖、疑惑盖。这五法,应当断除。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā pahātabbā? Pañca nīvaraṇāni – kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā pahātabbā.
【五法·5】(五)哪些是导致退步的五法?有五种心之荒野。
学友们,此处,有比丘对导师怀疑、犹豫,不能确定,不生信心。学友们,若比丘对导师怀疑、犹豫,不确定、不生信心,他的心便不会趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发。心若不趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发,这便是第一种心之荒野。
再者,学友们,比丘对法怀疑、犹豫……对僧团怀疑、犹豫……对戒学怀疑、犹豫……对同梵行者感到恼怒、不满,心怀敌意,心生荒野。学友们,若比丘对同梵行者恼怒、不满,心怀敌意,心生荒野,他的心便不会趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发。心若不趋向于精勤、致力、坚忍与奋发,这便是第五种心之荒野。
这五种法,即是导致退步的部分。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Pañca cetokhilā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya . Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo. Ime pañca dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【五法·6】(六)哪些是导致殊胜进步的五法?即五根:信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。这五法,是导致殊胜进步的部分。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Pañcindriyāni – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【五法·7】(七)哪五法难以通达?即五种出离界。学友们,于此,当比丘作意感官欲乐时,其心于感官欲乐不趋入、不清净、不安住、不确立、不解脱。然而,当他作意出离时,心于出离便趋入、清净、安住、确立、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为感官欲乐所缚。他从那些以感官欲乐为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为感官欲乐的出离。巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Pañca nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
“再者,学友们,当比丘作意瞋恚时,其心于瞋恚不趋入、不清净、不安住、不确立、不解脱。然而,当他作意无瞋恚时,心于无瞋恚便趋入、清净、安住、确立、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为瞋恚所缚。他从那些以瞋恚为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为瞋恚的出离。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
“再者,贤友,当比丘作意伤害时,其心于伤害不趋入、不清净、不安住、不解脱。然而,当他作意不伤害时,心于不伤害便趋入、清净、安住、解脱。这个心便是善巧的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不为伤害所缚。他从那些以伤害为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼和热恼中解脱。他不再感受到那种感受。这便称为伤害的出离。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati . Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
“再者,贤友,当比丘作意于物质现象时,他的心对于物质现象并不趋入、不清净、不安住、不得解脱。然而,当他作意于非物质时,心于非物质即能趋入、清净、安住、解脱。他的心便成为善的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,不再受物质现象所束缚。凡是以物质现象为缘所生的烦恼、逼恼与热恼,他已从中解脱。他不再领受那种感受。这便被称为物质现象的出离。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
“再者,贤友,比丘作意于有身时,其心于有身不趣入、不净信、不安住、不解脱。而当他作意于有身的灭尽时,其心于有身的灭尽便趣入、净信、安住、解脱。这样的心是善逝的、善修习的、善升起的、善解脱的,离脱有身。他从那些因有身为缘而生起的烦恼、逼恼、热恼中解脱,不再感受那种受。这就称为有身的出离。这五种法是难通达的。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi. Na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【五法·8】(八)哪五种法是应生起的呢?具足五智的正定。‘此定是现前乐,未来亦有乐果报。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定是圣的、无杂染的。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定不为卑劣者所修习。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘此定是寂静、殊胜,由轻安所得,成就心一境性,并非由强行造作、压制而成。’这样的智慧内自生起。‘我确实能正念地入此定,正念地从此定出。’这样的智慧内自生起。这五种法是应生起的。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā uppādetabbā? Pañca ñāṇiko sammāsamādhi – ‘ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi ariyo nirāmiso’ti paccattaññeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi akāpurisasevito’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘Ayaṃ samādhi santo paṇīto paṭippassaddhaladdho ekodibhāvādhigato, na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. ‘So kho panāhaṃ imaṃ samādhiṃ satova samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’ti paccattaṃyeva ñāṇaṃ uppajjati. Ime pañca dhammā uppādetabbā.
【五法·9】(九)哪五种法应当证知呢?五种解脱处:贤友,于此,比丘的导师为他开示法义,或某位值得敬重的同梵行者为他开示。贤友,当比丘如此从导师或某位值得敬重的同梵行者听闻法义时,他便在这法中既体验义,也体验法。当他体验到义、体验到法时,喜悦便生起;喜悦者,喜便生起;心喜悦者,身体便得轻安;身体轻安者,便感受乐;得乐者,心便入定。这是第一种解脱处。巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā? Pañca vimuttāyatanāni – idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
“再者,贤友,若比丘既未得到导师开示法义,也未得到某位值得敬重的同梵行者开示,但他能将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说。当比丘像这样将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说时,他便在那法上证知义、证知法。证知义、证知法时,便生喜悦;喜悦者生喜;意喜者身得轻安;身轻安者感受乐;感受乐者心得定。这是第二种解脱处。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
“再者,贤友,若比丘既未得到导师开示法义,也未得到某位值得敬重的同梵行者开示,又没有将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地为他人讲说,但他将所听闻、所学得的法义详尽地诵习。当比丘像这样详尽地诵习法义时,他便在那法上证知义、证知法。证知义、证知法时,便生喜悦;喜悦者生喜;意喜者身得轻安;身轻安者感受乐;感受乐者心得定。这是第三种解脱处。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
“再者,贤友,若导师未为他说法,某位有地位的梵行同修也未为他说法,他自身也未将所闻、所学的法详细为他人讲说,也未详细读诵,但他以心随寻思、随伺察,以意观照所闻、所学的法。贤友,当比丘如此以心对法随寻思、随伺察、以意观照时,他便于此法中体验义,也体验法。体验义、体验法后,欢悦便生起;有欢悦者,喜便生起;意喜者,身得轻安;身轻安者,便感受乐;感受乐者,心得定。这便是第四解脱处。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti. Api ca kho, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yathā yathā , āvuso , bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ catutthaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
“再者,诸贤友,比丘的情况是:导师并未说法,也没有哪位值得敬重的同梵行者说法;他既没有按照所闻、所学的法为他人详细开示,也没有按照所闻、所学的法详细读诵,更没有以心随寻思、随伺察、以意观照所闻、所学的法。然而,他对某一禅定之相善巧地执持、善巧地作意、善巧地守持、并善巧地以智慧通达。诸贤友,当比丘对一定相如此善巧执持、善巧作意、善巧守持、善巧通达时,他便由此法体验义、体验法。体验义、体验法已,欢悦便生起;有欢悦者,喜便生起;意喜者,身得轻安;身轻安者,便感受乐;有乐者,心得定。这便是第五解脱处。这五法应当证知。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti, aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, nāpi yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati; api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthappaṭisaṃvedino dhammappaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ. Ime pañca dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【五法·10】(十)何等为五法?即五法蕴:戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴、解脱知见蕴。这五法是应当作证的。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā? Pañca dhammakkhandhā – sīlakkhandho , samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandho. Ime pañca dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“如此,这五十种法真实、如实、不虚、不异,为如来所正觉。巴利
‘‘Iti ime paññāsa dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
356 【六法·总标】“六法多有助益……六法应当作证。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Cha dhammā bahukārā…pe… cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【六法·1】(一)哪六种是值得忆念的法?学友们,这里,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的身行。这一法值得忆念,能令人生起喜爱、获得尊重,导向摄益、无诤、和合与统一。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bahukārā? Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,学友们,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的语行……导向和合与统一。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,学友们,比丘于同梵行者中,或公开或私下,常现起慈的意行……导向和合与统一。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,贤友们,对于如法所得的利养,哪怕仅仅是钵中那一份食物,比丘也不独受用,而能与持戒的同梵行者共同分享。这又是一种值得忆念的法……(中略)……导向和谐与一致。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,贤友们,对于那些完整无缺、无有瑕疵、无斑点、无垢染、自由无系、为智者所称叹、无有执取、能导向定的戒行,比丘于戒行上,与同梵行者不分公开或私下,皆同等安住。这又是一种值得忆念的法……(中略)……导向和谐与一致。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu, yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,贤友们,有一种见,是圣的、能导向出离的,能使践行者正确地灭尽苦。比丘于如是见,与同梵行者不分公开或私下,皆安住于同等的见。这种法可忆念、令人喜爱、令人敬重,能导向摄益、无诤、和合、统一。这六种法,是很有助益的。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhi sāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo, saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati. Ime cha dhammā bahukārā.
【六法·2】(二)哪六种法是应当修习的呢?即六随念处:佛随念、法随念、僧随念、戒随念、施随念、天随念。这六种法应当修习。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā bhāvetabbā? Cha anussatiṭṭhānāni – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati. Ime cha dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【六法·3】(三)哪六种法是应当完全了知的呢?即六内处:眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、意处。这六种法应当完全了知。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pariññeyyā? Cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni – cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ. Ime cha dhammā pariññeyyā.
【六法·4】(四)哪六种法是应当舍断的呢?即六种渴爱之身:色渴爱、声渴爱、香渴爱、味渴爱、触渴爱、法渴爱。这六种法应当舍断。巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā pahātabbā? Cha taṇhākāyā – rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā. Ime cha dhammā pahātabbā.
【六法·5】(五)何为六退分法?六种不恭敬——贤友们,在此,比丘对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住;对法……(中略)……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对接待不恭敬、不顺从而住。这六法即是退分法。巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Cha agāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso. Ime cha dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【六法·6】(六)何为六胜分法?六种恭敬——贤友们,在此,比丘对导师恭敬、顺从而住;对法……(中略)……对僧……对学……对不放逸……对接待恭敬、顺从而住。这六法即是胜分法。巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Cha gāravā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso dhamme…pe… saṅghe… sikkhāya… appamāde… paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso. Ime cha dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【六法·7】(七)何为六法?六种能出离的要素——贤友们,在此,若有比丘这样说:‘我的慈心解脱确实已修习、多修习,已作为车乘、已作为基础,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励,然而嗔恚依然占据我的心并持续存在。’他应被这样告知:‘不要这样说!尊者不应如此说,不要诽谤世尊;诽谤世尊是不善的,世尊确实不会那样说。贤友,这是不可能的,没有这样的道理——当慈心解脱已修习、多修习,已作为车乘、已作为基础,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励之后,嗔恚还能占据心而持续存在,这是不可能的。贤友,这便是嗔恚的出离,即慈心解脱。’巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Cha nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo – idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me, cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso anavakāso yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的悲心解脱确实已修习、多所修习,作为车乘,安立为基,已确立、已熟练、已善加策励。然而害心依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说,切莫诽谤世尊!……贤友,这就是害心的出离,即悲心解脱。’”巴利
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的喜心解脱确实已修习……然而不乐依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说……贤友,这就是不乐的出离,即喜心解脱。’”巴利
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,又有比丘这样说:‘我的舍心解脱确实已修习……然而贪欲依然占据我的心并持续着。’应对他说:‘千万不要这样说!尊者切莫如此说……贤友,这就是贪欲的出离,即舍心解脱。’”巴利
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa yadidaṃ upekkhācetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,假设有比丘这样说:‘我的无相心解脱确实修习了……然而我的识却仍随逐于相。’那么,便应这样告诉他:‘切莫这样说!尊者,请勿作此言……因为,贤友,这无相心解脱,正是从一切相中出离之道。’”巴利
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā…pe… atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca…pe… nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
“贤友,假设有比丘这样说:‘“有我”之念,我确已远离;我也确已观不见“此即是我”;然而,那疑与犹豫的毒刺,仍占据、缠缚我的心。’那么,便应这样告诉他:‘切莫这样说!尊者,请勿作此言,切莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊绝非善事,世尊必不如此说。贤友,“有我”之念已远离,“此即是我”亦观不见时,那疑与犹豫的毒刺仍能占据、缠缚其心——这是不可能、无有是处的。贤友,这毒刺的舍断,即是彻底拔除我慢。’这六种法,是难以通达的。”巴利
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ, ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So – ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato. Atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāṭo’ti. Ime cha dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【六法·8】(八)“哪六种应当生起的法呢?六种常住不移的安住方式。贤友,在此,比丘眼看见色之后,既不心生意悦,也不心生不悦,他安住于舍,具念正知。耳听到声音之后……鼻闻到气味之后……舌尝到滋味之后……身体触到触感之后……意辨认出法尘之后,既不心生意悦,也不心生不悦,他安住于舍,具念正知。这六种法,应当让它生起。”巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame cha dhammā uppādetabbā? Cha satatavihārā. Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Ime cha dhammā uppādetabbā.
【六法·9】(九)“是哪六种应当彻底了知的法?六种无上事:无上见、无上闻、无上得、无上学、无上侍奉、无上随念。这六种法,应当彻底了知。”巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame cha dhammā abhiññeyyā? Cha anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ. Ime cha dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【六法·10】(十)哪六种法?六种神通。贤友,在此,比丘亲证种种神变:一身变为多身,多身变为一身;能显现,亦能隐身;穿墙、过壁、越山,毫无障碍,犹如行于虚空;能于大地涌出、潜入,如在水中;能于水上行走而不沉没,如履大地;能于虚空结跏趺坐而行,犹如飞鸟展翅;又能以手触摸、抚摩如月亮、太阳这般有大威神力、大威德的天体;乃至以身体自在而行,达于大梵天界。巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame cha dhammā sacchikātabbā? Cha abhiññā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti , bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti. Āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse . Pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake. Udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ. Ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo. Imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati. Yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
“以其清净、超越凡人的天耳界,听闻两种声音——天声与人声,无论远近。巴利
‘‘Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.
“他以自己的心遍知其他众生和其他人的心:了知有贪的心为有贪的心,……(中略)……了知未解脱的心为未解脱的心。巴利
‘‘Parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti , sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti …pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
“他能以种种方式忆念过去生,例如一生……(中略)……如此,他具足形相与细节,以种种方式忆念过去生。巴利
‘‘So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“他以清净、超越凡夫的天眼,见众生死亡与投生——或低劣或高尚,或美丽或丑陋,或生于善趣、或生于恶趣,他了知众生如何随各自业行而流转……(中略)巴利
‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti …pe…
“以诸漏灭尽故,他在现法中亲自以智证得无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,具足而住。这六种法,是应当亲证的。巴利
‘‘Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ime cha dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“如此,这六十种法真实、如实、如此、不虚、不颠倒,为如来所正等觉。巴利
‘‘Iti ime saṭṭhi dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.
357 【七法·总标】“有七种法,能作大饶益……(中略)……有七种法,是应亲证的。”巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Satta dhammā bahukārā…pe… satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
【七法·1】(一)哪七种法呢?即七种圣者之财:信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、舍财、慧财。这七种法,能作大饶益。巴利
(Ka) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bahukārā? Satta ariyadhanāni – saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ. Ime satta dhammā bahukārā.
【七法·2】(二)哪七种法呢?即七觉支:念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。这七种法,是应当修习的。巴利
(Kha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā bhāvetabbā? Satta sambojjhaṅgā – satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo . Ime satta dhammā bhāvetabbā.
【七法·3】(三)“即七种识住。贤友们,有诸有情身相各异、想各各异,诸如人与一部分天,及一部分堕恶趣者。此为第一识住。巴利
(Ga) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pariññeyyā? Satta viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo – santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有诸有情身相各异、想同为一,诸如梵身天初现起之诸天神。此为第二识住。巴利
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有诸有情身相一致、想各各异,诸如光音天。此为第三识住。巴利
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有此类众生:身同一种、想同一种,如遍净天。这是第四种识住。巴利
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有些众生完全超越色想,有对想灭尽,不作意种种想,以‘虚空无边’而证入空无边处。这是第五种识住。”巴利
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“贤友们,有些众生完全超越空无边处,以‘识无边’而证入识无边处。这是第六种识住。”巴利
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
“诸位尊者,有一类众生完全超越识无边处,了知‘无所有’,而生于无所有处。这是第七识住。这七种法,是应当遍知的。”巴利
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti. Ime satta dhammā pariññeyyā.
【七法·4】(四)“哪些是七种应当舍断的法?七种随眠:欲贪随眠、瞋恚随眠、见随眠、疑随眠、慢随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。这七种法,是应当舍断的。”巴利
(Gha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā pahātabbā? Sattānusayā – kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo , avijjānusayo. Ime satta dhammā pahātabbā.
【七法·5】(五)“哪些是七种退分法?七种恶法:诸位尊者,于此,有比丘不具信、无惭、无愧、少闻、懈怠、失念、慧劣。这七种法,是退堕的。”巴利
(Ṅa) ‘‘katame satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā? Satta asaddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti. Ime satta dhammā hānabhāgiyā.
【七法·6】(六)“哪些是七种殊胜分法?七种正法:贤友们,于此,比丘具足信、有惭、有愧、多闻、精进、正念现前、具足智慧。这七法是为殊胜分。”巴利
(Ca) ‘‘katame satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā? Satta saddhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti. Ime satta dhammā visesabhāgiyā.
【七法·7】(七)“哪些是七种难以通达的法?七种善士法:贤友们,于此,比丘知法、知义、知己、知量、知时、知众、知人。这七法甚难通达。”巴利
(Cha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā? Satta sappurisadhammā – idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca. Ime satta dhammā duppaṭivijjhā.
【七法·8】(八)什么是应当令其生起的七法?七种想:无常想、无我想、不净想、过患想、断除想、离贪想、灭尽想。这七法应当生起。巴利
(Ja) ‘‘katame satta dhammā uppādetabbā? Satta saññā – aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā. Ime satta dhammā uppādetabbā.
【七法·9】(九)“什么是应通达的七法呢?七种精进处——在此,贤友,比丘对受持学处有强烈的意欲,于未来受持学处亦不退失喜爱;对听闻法义有强烈的意欲,于未来听闻法义亦不退失喜爱;对调伏欲求有强烈的意欲,于未来调伏欲求亦不退失喜爱;对独处禅修有强烈的意欲,于未来独处禅修亦不退失喜爱;对精勤修习有强烈的意欲,于未来精勤修习亦不退失喜爱;对正念锐智有强烈的意欲,于未来正念锐智亦不退失喜爱;对通达正见有强烈的意欲,于未来通达正见亦不退失喜爱。此七法应当证知。”巴利
(Jha) ‘‘katame satta dhammā abhiññeyyā? Satta niddasavatthūni – idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyāramme tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyāramme avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo. Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo. Ime satta dhammā abhiññeyyā.
【七法·10】(十)什么是应作证的七法呢?七种漏尽者之力——在此,贤友,漏尽比丘已以正慧如实善见一切行皆为无常。贤友,漏尽比丘如实以正慧善见一切行无常,这便是漏尽比丘所具有的一种力。藉由此力,漏尽比丘宣称:“我诸漏已尽。”巴利
(Ña) ‘‘katame satta dhammā sacchikātabbā? Satta khīṇāsavabalāni – idhāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aniccato sabbe saṅkhārā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友,漏尽比丘已以正慧如实善见诸欲犹如火炭坑。贤友……(中略)……宣称:‘我诸漏已尽。’”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhā honti. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘的心倾向于远离、趣向远离、倾注于远离,他安住远离,乐于出离,且已彻底远离一切能令漏生起的法。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno vivekaninnaṃ cittaṃ hoti vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ vivekaṭṭhaṃ nekkhammābhirataṃ byantībhūtaṃ sabbaso āsavaṭṭhāniyehi dhammehi. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘已修习四念处,修习圆满。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā . Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友们,一位漏尽比丘已修习五根,修习圆满。贤友们,正是……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pañcindriyāni bhāvitāni honti subhāvitāni. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友,一位漏尽比丘已修习、善修习了七觉支。贤友,正因如此……(中略)……他才会宣称:‘我的漏已尽。’”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā honti subhāvitā. Yaṃpāvuso…pe… ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti.
“再者,贤友,一位漏尽比丘已修习、善修习了八圣道。贤友,漏尽比丘这已修习、善修习的八圣道,便是漏尽比丘的一种力量。依凭这种力量,漏尽比丘才宣说漏的灭尽:‘我的漏已尽。’这七法应当亲证。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito. Yaṃpāvuso, khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvito hoti subhāvito, idampi khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno balaṃ hoti, yaṃ balaṃ āgamma khīṇāsavo bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘khīṇā me āsavā’ti. Ime satta dhammā sacchikātabbā.
“以上这七十种法,是真实的、确实的、如是的、不离真实的、不异于真实的,是如来以正智所圆满觉悟的。”巴利
‘‘Itime sattati dhammā bhūtā tacchā tathā avitathā anaññathā sammā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā.