(6) 1. 福德之流品
(6) 1. Puññābhisandavaggo
1. 第一福流经
1. Paṭhamapuññābhisandasuttaṃ
51舍卫城因缘。诸比丘,有此四种福德之流、善之流,能滋养安乐,引向善趣,感得乐报,导向天界,带来可爱、可乐、可意、利益与安乐。哪四种?比丘们,若有比丘受用他人所施的袈裟,证入并安住于无量心定,那么对于那位施者而言,便是无量的福德之流、善之流,能滋养安乐,引向善趣,感得乐报,导向天界,带来可爱、可乐、可意、利益与安乐。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Cattārome , bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvaraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
诸比丘,若有比丘受用某人所施的钵食,证入并安住于无量心定,那位施主便获得无量的福德之流、善之流,这是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐果报,导向天界,带来可意、可爱、可乐、利益与安乐。
‘‘Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
诸比丘,若有比丘受用某人所施的住所,证入并安住于无量心定,那位施主便获得无量的福德之流、善之流,这是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐果报,导向天界,带来可意、可爱、可乐、利益与安乐。
‘‘Yassa , bhikkhave, bhikkhu senāsanaṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
诸比丘,若有比丘受用某人所施的病缘药资具,证入并安住于无量心定,那位施主便获得无量的福德之流、善之流,这是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐果报,导向天界,带来可意、可爱、可乐、利益与安乐。诸比丘,这四种便是福德之流、善之流,是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐果报,导向天界,带来可意、可爱、可乐、利益与安乐。
‘‘Yassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjamāno appamāṇaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati, appamāṇo tassa puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti.
诸比丘,具足这四种福德之流、善之流的圣弟子,其福德实难计量——不能轻易断言‘有如此多的福德之流、善之流,是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐的果报,导向天界,导向可悦、可意、可乐之境,带来利益与安乐’。它只能被认作是不可计数、不可度量的广大福德聚。
‘‘Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,譬如大海,其中的水量实难计量——不能说‘有这么多阿喽诃的水’、‘有几百阿喽诃的水’、‘有几千阿喽诃的水’或‘有几十万阿喽诃的水’,它只能被认作是不可计数、不可度量的巨大水体;同样地,诸比丘,具足这四种福德之流、善之流的圣弟子,其福德实难计量——不能轻易断言‘有如此多的福德之流、善之流,是乐的滋养,属于善趣,有乐的果报,导向天界,导向可悦、可意、可乐之境,带来利益与安乐’。它只能被认作是不可计数、不可度量的广大福德聚。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde na sukaraṃ udakassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettakāni udakāḷhakānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasatānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasahassānīti vā, ettakāni udakāḷhakasatasahassānīti vā’, atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāudakakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, imehi catūhi puññābhisandehi kusalābhisandehi samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa na sukaraṃ puññassa pamāṇaṃ gahetuṃ – ‘ettako puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattatī’ti. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāpuññakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
深广无垠的大海,浩瀚的湖泊,
恐怖众多,诸宝中最胜的住处;
犹如诸河,为人众所亲近,
众多河流奔流,归入大海。
如是,施与饮食、衣服者,
施与床座、坐具、敷具者;
福德之流,流向智者,
‘‘Mahodadhiṃ aparimitaṃ mahāsaraṃ, Bahubheravaṃ ratanavarānamālayaṃ ; Najjo yathā naragaṇasaṅghasevitā , Puthū savantī upayanti sāgaraṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ naraṃ annadapānavatthadaṃ , Seyyānisajjattharaṇassa dāyakaṃ; Puññassa dhārā upayanti paṇḍitaṃ,
犹如诸河携水归入大海。第一经
Najjo yathā vārivahāva sāgara’’nti. paṭhamaṃ;
第二福流经
2. Dutiyapuññābhisandasuttaṃ
52诸比丘,有四种福德流、善流,是乐的资粮,属于天界,有乐的果报,导向天界,能带来可爱、可乐、可意、利益与安乐。哪四种?诸比丘,在此,圣弟子对佛陀具足不坏净信:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’诸比丘,这是第一种福德流、善流,是乐的资粮,属于天界,有乐的果报,导向天界,能带来可爱、可乐、可意、利益与安乐。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
“再者,诸比丘,圣弟子于法具足不坏净:‘法为世尊所善说,自见于此、无时间性、可来而见、引导向道、唯智者各自内证。’诸比丘,此为第二福德之流、善之流、乐的资粮,属天界、乐果报、导向天界,导向可爱、可喜、可意、利益与安乐。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
“再者,诸比丘,圣弟子于僧团具足不坏净:‘世尊的声闻僧团为善行道者,世尊的声闻僧团为正直行道者,世尊的声闻僧团为如理行道者,世尊的声闻僧团为和敬行道者——即四双八辈之士,此世尊的声闻僧团,是应供养、应供奉、应布施、应合掌者,是世间无上的福田。’诸比丘,此为第三福德之流、善之流、乐的资粮,属天界、乐果报、导向天界,导向可爱、可喜、可意、利益与安乐。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.
“再者,诸比丘,圣弟子具足圣者所悦之戒——无毁坏、无穿缺、无污点、无杂染、导向自在、智者所称赞、无执取、导向禅定。诸比丘,此为第四福德之流、善之流、乐的资粮,属天界、乐果报、导向天界,导向可爱、可喜、可意、利益与安乐。诸比丘,这便是四种福德之流、善之流、乐的资粮,属天界、乐果报、导向天界,导向可爱、可喜、可意、利益与安乐。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññuppasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati . Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī’’ti.
“凡于如来,其信不动摇、善安立;”
“凡具善戒,圣者所喜爱、所称叹;”
“凡于僧团,有净信及正直见;”
“他们称他并非贫穷,他的生命未曾虚度。”
‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā; Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ; Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ. ‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;
当忆念诸佛的教法。”第二经。
Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti. dutiyaṃ;
3. 第一共住经
3. Paṭhamasaṃvāsasuttaṃ
53一时,世尊正行于摩偷罗与韦兰阇之间的路上。众多居士与居士女也正行于摩偷罗与韦兰阇之间的路上。那时,世尊离开道路,在一棵树下坐了下来。那些居士与居士女们望见世尊坐在树下,便来到世尊跟前,向世尊礼敬后,退坐一面。世尊对退坐一面的那些居士与居士女们这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā antarā ca madhuraṃ antarā ca verañjaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Sambahulāpi kho gahapatī ca gahapatāniyo ca antarā ca madhuraṃ antarā ca verañjaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle ( ) nisīdi. Addasaṃsu kho gahapatī ca gahapatāniyo ca bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ. Disvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te gahapatī ca gahapatāniyo ca bhagavā etadavoca –
“居士们,有这四种共住。哪四种?活死人与活死人共住,活死人与天女共住,天神与活死人共住,天神与天女共住。
‘‘Cattārome, gahapatayo, saṃvāsā. Katame cattāro? Chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
诸居士,怎样是尸与尸共住?诸居士,在此,丈夫是杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者、饮酒放逸者,破戒、行恶法,心为悭垢所缠缚而住于家中,辱骂、诽谤沙门与婆罗门;他的妻子也是杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者、饮酒放逸者,破戒、行恶法,心为悭垢所缠缚而住于家中,辱骂、诽谤沙门与婆罗门。诸居士,这就叫尸与尸共住。
‘‘Kathañca, gahapatayo, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha , gahapatayo, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātinī adinnādāyinī kāmesumicchācārinī musāvādinī surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyinī dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
诸居士,怎样是尸与天女共住?诸居士,在此,丈夫是杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者、饮酒放逸者,破戒、行恶法,心为悭垢所缠缚而住于家中,辱骂、诽谤沙门与婆罗门;然而他的妻子远离杀生、远离不与取、远离欲邪行、远离妄语、远离饮酒放逸,持戒、行善法,以离垢离悭之心住于家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门。诸居士,这就叫尸与天女共住。
‘‘Kathañca , gahapatayo, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, gahapatayo, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
诸居士,怎样是天与尸共住?诸居士,在此,丈夫远离杀生、远离不与取、远离欲邪行、远离妄语、远离饮酒放逸,持戒、行善法,以离垢离悭之心住于家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门;但他的妻子是杀生者……乃至……饮酒放逸者,破戒、行恶法,心为悭垢所缠缚而住于家中,辱骂、诽谤沙门与婆罗门。诸居士,这就叫天与尸共住。
‘‘Kathañca, gahapatayo, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, gahapatayo, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātinī…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyinī dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
“居士们,天与天女如何共住呢?居士们,在此,丈夫远离杀生……乃至……是持戒者、善法具足者,以离垢离悭之心安住家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门;他的妻子也远离杀生……乃至……远离诸酒类等放逸之因,是持戒者、善法具足者,以离垢离悭之心安住家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门。居士们,如此便是天与天女共住。居士们,这便是四种共住。”
‘‘Kathañca, gahapatayo, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, gahapatayo, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato…pe… sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati. Ime kho, gahapatayo, cattāro saṃvāsā’’ti.
二者皆是破戒者、悭吝者、辱骂者;
他们这样的夫妻,犹如尸体与尸体共住。
丈夫破戒,悭吝、常出恶言;
妻子持戒,慷慨、远离悭吝;
她宛如天人,却与行尸般的丈夫共住。
丈夫是有戒德者,慷慨而不悭吝;
妻子却破戒无德,悭吝且好辱骂;
她如同尸体一般,与堪为天人的丈夫共住。
两人皆具信心与慷慨,自制且依正法而活;
他们结为夫妻,彼此言语和悦。
众多利益现前,安乐由此而生;
仇敌心生不悦,两者戒行等同。
于此世间行持正法后,两者戒行等同;
喜乐者于天界欢欣,渴爱欲乐者于此享乐。第三。
‘‘Ubho ca honti dussīlā, kadariyā paribhāsakā; Te honti jānipatayo, chavā saṃvāsamāgatā. ‘‘Sāmiko hoti dussīlo, kadariyo paribhāsako; Bhariyā sīlavatī hoti, vadaññū vītamaccharā; Sāpi devī saṃvasati, chavena patinā saha. ‘‘Sāmiko sīlavā hoti, vadaññū vītamaccharo; Bhariyā hoti dussīlā, kadariyā paribhāsikā; Sāpi chavā saṃvasati, devena patinā saha. ‘‘Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca, saññatā dhammajīvino; Te honti jānipatayo, aññamaññaṃ piyaṃvadā. ‘‘Atthāsaṃ pacurā honti, phāsukaṃ upajāyati; Amittā dummanā honti, ubhinnaṃ samasīlinaṃ. ‘‘Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, samasīlabbatā ubho; Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
第二共住经
4. Dutiyasaṃvāsasuttaṃ
54诸比丘,有此四种共住。何等为四?卑劣者与卑劣者共住,卑劣者与天女共住,天与卑劣者共住,天与天女共住。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, saṃvāsā. Katame cattāro? Chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
诸比丘,怎样是卑劣者与卑劣者共住呢?诸比丘,在此,丈夫是杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者、两舌者、粗恶语者、杂秽语者、有贪欲者、心怀嗔恨者、邪见者、恶戒者、恶法者,以被悭垢染污的心住于家中,是辱骂、诽谤沙门婆罗门的人;他的妻子也是如此,她是杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者、两舌者、粗恶语者、杂秽语者、有贪欲者、心怀嗔恨者、邪见者、恶戒者、恶法者,以被悭垢染污的心住于家中,是辱骂、诽谤沙门婆罗门的人。诸比丘,这就是卑劣者与卑劣者共住。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati. Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātinī adinnādāyinī kāmesumicchācārinī musāvādinī pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpinī abhijjhālunī byāpannacittā micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
“诸比丘,怎样是“尸与天女共住”?诸比丘,在此,丈夫是杀生者……乃至……邪见者、恶戒者、行恶法者,心被悭吝的垢秽所染污,住于家中,又辱骂、诽谤沙门与婆罗门;而他的妻子是离杀生者、离不与取者、离欲邪行者、离妄语者、离两舌者、离粗恶语者、离杂秽语者,不贪著、无嗔心、具足正见、持戒、行善法,以离垢、离悭之心住于家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门。诸比丘,如此便是尸与天女共住。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī…pe… micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā samphappalāpā paṭiviratā anabhijjhālunī abyāpannacittā sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
“诸比丘,如何是天与尸共住呢?诸比丘,在此,丈夫是离杀生者、离不与取者、离欲邪行者、离妄语者、离两舌者、离粗恶语者、离杂秽语者;不贪婪,心无嗔恨,具足正见,持戒清净,善法成就;以无垢无悭之心安住于家,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门。然而,他的妻子却是杀生者……乃至……邪见者,戒行败坏,行诸恶法,以悭垢染污之心安住于家,且是沙门与婆罗门的辱骂者、诽谤者。诸比丘,如此便是天与尸共住。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātinī…pe… micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati.
“诸比丘,怎样是“天与天女共住”?诸比丘,在此,丈夫离杀生……乃至……具足正见,持戒,行善法,以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门;妻子也是如此,离杀生……乃至……具足正见,持戒,行善法,以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,不辱骂、不诽谤沙门与婆罗门。诸比丘,如此便是天与天女共住。诸比丘,这便是四种共住。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato…pe… sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā…pe… sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro saṃvāsā’’ti.
“若双方皆破戒,悭吝且好诽谤,”
“这样结为夫妻,便如死尸与死尸共住。”
“若丈夫破戒,悭吝且好诽谤,”
“妻子具足戒行,慷慨好施,远离悭吝;”
“她却如天女,与那如尸体的丈夫共住。”
“若丈夫持戒,慷慨好施,远离悭吝;”
“妻子破戒、悭吝而又常出毁谤;”
她亦如活尸,与天人一般的丈夫共居。
种种利益生起,安乐随之而生;
两位戒行相同的人,会让敌人心生不悦。
‘‘Ubho ca honti dussīlā, kadariyā paribhāsakā; Te honti jānipatayo, chavā saṃvāsamāgatā. ‘‘Sāmiko hoti dussīlo, kadariyo paribhāsako; Bhariyā sīlavatī hoti, vadaññū vītamaccharā; Sāpi devī saṃvasati, chavena patinā saha. ‘‘Sāmiko sīlavā hoti, vadaññū vītamaccharo; Bhariyā hoti dussīlā, kadariyā paribhāsikā; Sāpi chavā saṃvasati, devena patinā saha. ‘‘Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca, saññatā dhammajīvino; Te honti jānipatayo, aññamaññaṃ piyaṃvadā. ‘‘Atthāsaṃ pacurā honti, phāsukaṃ upajāyati; Amittā dummanā honti, ubhinnaṃ samasīlinaṃ. ‘‘Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, samasīlabbatā ubho;
喜乐者生于天界,欲求者同享欢乐。」第四经。
Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. catutthaṃ;
5. 第一共住经
5. Paṭhamasamajīvīsuttaṃ
55如是我闻:一时,世尊住在跋耆国苏苏马拉山毗萨咖喇林中的鹿野苑。上午,世尊着下衣、持衣钵,前往那拘罗父居士的住处,到达后坐在铺设好的座位上。那时,那拘罗父居士和那拘罗母居士也来到世尊前,顶礼世尊后坐在一旁。坐定后,那拘罗父居士对世尊这样说:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena nakulapituno gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho nakulapitā ca gahapati nakulamātā ca gahapatānī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho nakulapitā gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
“尊者!自从年轻时那拘罗母居士被迎娶到我家以来,我记不起自己曾以心念冒犯过她,更不用说以身行冒犯。尊者,我们希望在这一生能彼此相见,在来生也能彼此相见。”那拘罗母居士也这样对世尊说:“尊者!自从我年轻时被迎娶到那拘罗父居士家以来,我记不起自己曾以心念冒犯过他,更不用说以身行冒犯。尊者,我们希望在这一生能彼此相见,在来生也能彼此相见。”
‘‘Yato me, bhante, nakulamātā gahapatānī daharasseva daharā ānītā, nābhijānāmi nakulamātaraṃ gahapatāniṃ manasāpi aticaritā, kuto pana kāyena! Iccheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passitu’’nti. Nakulamātāpi kho gahapatānī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yatohaṃ, bhante, nakulapituno gahapatissa daharasseva daharā ānītā, nābhijānāmi nakulapitaraṃ gahapatiṃ manasāpi aticaritā, kuto pana kāyena! Iccheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante , diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passitu’’nti.
“居士们!如果夫妻两人希望在这一生彼此相见,在来生也彼此相见,那么双方都应当在信、戒、施、慧上同等具足。这样,他们便会在这一生彼此相见,在来生也彼此相见。”
‘‘Ākaṅkheyyuṃ ce, gahapatayo, ubho jānipatayo diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passituṃ ubhova assu samasaddhā samasīlā samacāgā samapaññā, te diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passanti abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passantī’’ti .
二人有信而慷慨,自制且依正法生活;
他们作为夫妻,彼此以爱语相待。
他们获得众多利益,安乐由此而生起;
怨敌心生不悦,因二人戒行相同。
于此世间依正法而行,二人戒禁皆等同;
欢喜生于天界,享受所欲之乐。
‘‘Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca, saññatā dhammajīvino; Te honti jānipatayo, aññamaññaṃ piyaṃvadā. ‘‘Atthāsaṃ pacurā honti, phāsukaṃ upajāyati; Amittā dummanā honti, ubhinnaṃ samasīlinaṃ. ‘‘Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, samasīlabbatā ubho; Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
6. 第二共住生活经
6. Dutiyasamajīvīsuttaṃ
56“诸比丘,如果夫妻双方愿于今生彼此相见,于来世也彼此相见,那么两人应当具有同等的信、同等的戒、同等的布施、同等的智慧。这样,他们将于今生彼此相见,于来世也彼此相见。”
‘‘Ākaṅkheyyuṃ ce, bhikkhave, ubho jānipatayo diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passituṃ ubhova assu samasaddhā samasīlā samacāgā samapaññā, te diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passanti abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passantī’’ti.
彼此皆有信,慷慨,自制,依法而活;
他们结为夫妻,彼此言语和悦。
‘‘Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca, saññatā dhammajīvino; Te honti jānipatayo, aññamaññaṃ piyaṃvadā. ‘‘Atthāsaṃ pacurā honti, phāsukaṃ upajāyati; Amittā dummanā honti, ubhinnaṃ samasīlinaṃ. ‘‘Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, samasīlabbatā ubho;
于天界中欣喜,受用欲乐者。第六经。
Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
苏波婆沙经
7. Suppavāsāsuttaṃ
57一时,世尊住在库离亚人的巴加尼咖村。那天上午,世尊着衣持钵,前往库离亚女苏波婆沙的住所,抵达后在备好的座位上坐下。当时,库离亚女苏波婆沙亲手以殊胜的硬食与软食,供养世尊,令世尊满意饱足。世尊食毕,手离钵后,库离亚女苏波婆沙退坐一旁。世尊便对坐在一旁的库离亚女苏波婆沙这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā koliyesu viharati pajjanikaṃ nāma koliyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena suppavāsāya koliyadhītuyā nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā bhagavantaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho suppavāsaṃ koliyadhītaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
“苏波婆沙,圣弟子施食时,便授予受施者四种利益。哪四种?她授予寿命、授予色貌、授予快乐、授予力量。授予寿命之后,她便得享天界或人间的寿命之份;授予色貌之后,她便得享天界或人间的色貌之份;授予快乐之后,她便得享天界或人间的快乐之份;授予力量之后,她便得享天界或人间的力量之份。苏波婆沙,圣弟子施食时,便以此四种利益授予受施者。”
‘‘Bhojanaṃ , suppavāse, dentī ariyasāvikā paṭiggāhakānaṃ cattāri ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni cattāri? Āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāginī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Vaṇṇaṃ datvā vaṇṇassa bhāginī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Sukhaṃ datvā sukhassa bhāginī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Balaṃ datvā balassa bhāginī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Bhojanaṃ, suppavāse, dentī ariyasāvikā paṭiggāhakānaṃ imāni cattāri ṭhānāni detī’’ti.
她施予精心调理的饮食,
清净殊胜,美味具足;
此布施施与正直行者,
施与德行具足、心量广大者。
忆念如是之祭祀,
那些生起喜悦者,游化于世间,
调伏悭吝之垢,连根断除,
‘‘Susaṅkhataṃ bhojanaṃ yā dadāti, Suciṃ paṇītaṃ rasasā upetaṃ; Sā dakkhiṇā ujjugatesu dinnā, Caraṇūpapannesu mahaggatesu; Puññena puññaṃ saṃsandamānā, Mahapphalā lokavidūna vaṇṇitā. ‘‘Etādisaṃ yaññamanussarantā, Ye vedajātā vicaranti loke; Vineyya maccheramalaṃ samūlaṃ,
无可指责者,往生天界。第七经。
Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhāna’’nti. sattamaṃ;
8. 须达多经
8. Sudattasuttaṃ
58那时,给孤独居士来至世尊所在处。到了之后,他向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的给孤独居士这样说:
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
“居士,施与食物的圣弟子,便是赋予接受者四种利益。哪四种?他施与寿命,施与容貌,施与安乐,施与力量。与他施与寿命后,他便分受天界或人间的寿命。与他施与容貌后……与他施与安乐后……与他施与力量后,他便分受天界或人间的力量。居士,施与食物的圣弟子,便是赋予接受者这四种利益。”
‘‘Bhojanaṃ , gahapati, dadamāno ariyasāvako paṭiggāhakānaṃ cattāri ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni cattāri? Āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Vaṇṇaṃ datvā… sukhaṃ datvā… balaṃ datvā balassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Bhojanaṃ, gahapati, dadamāno ariyasāvako paṭiggāhakānaṃ imāni cattāri ṭhānāni detī’’ti.
对于自制、依他人施食而活者,
适时、恭敬地施与食物,
他便施与四种依处。
‘‘Yo saññatānaṃ paradattabhojinaṃ, Kālena sakkacca dadāti bhojanaṃ; Cattāri ṭhānāni anuppavecchati, Āyuñca vaṇṇañca sukhaṃ balañca. ‘‘So āyudāyī vaṇṇadāyī , sukhaṃ balaṃ dado naro;
他得长寿、得名声,无论生于何处。」第八经。
Dīghāyu yasavā hoti, yattha yatthūpapajjatī’’ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;
9. 食经
9. Bhojanasuttaṃ
59“诸比丘,施与食物的人,便是给予受者四种事。哪四种?给予寿命,给予容貌,给予安乐,给予体力。给予寿命后,他便得享天界或人间的寿命;给予容貌后……给予安乐后……给予体力后,他便得享天界或人间的体力。诸比丘,施与食物的人,便是给予受者这四种事。”
‘‘Bhojanaṃ , bhikkhave, dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ cattāri ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni cattāri? Āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Vaṇṇaṃ datvā… sukhaṃ datvā… balaṃ datvā balassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Bhojanaṃ, bhikkhave, dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ imāni cattāri ṭhānāni detī’’ti.
凡于自制者、受食他施者,
在适当的时节,恭敬地布施饮食的人,
他带来四种利益,
即寿命、容貌、快乐与力量。
他是施予寿命、美貌、安乐与力量之人;
无论生于何处,皆得长寿与名声。
‘‘Yo saññatānaṃ paradattabhojinaṃ, Kālena sakkacca dadāti bhojanaṃ; Cattāri ṭhānāni anuppavecchati, Āyuñca vaṇṇañca sukhaṃ balañca. ‘‘So āyudāyī vaṇṇadāyī, sukhaṃ balaṃ dado naro; Dīghāyu yasavā hoti, yattha yatthūpapajjatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
10. 居士正行经
10. Gihisāmīcisuttaṃ
60那时,给孤独居士来到世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊行礼,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的给孤独居士这样说:
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
“居士,具足四种法的圣弟子,便是行持了在家人的正道,这条道能带来名声,导向天界。哪四种法?居士,在此,圣弟子以衣服供养比丘僧团,以钵食供养比丘僧团,以卧坐处供养比丘僧团,以病者所需的医药资具供养比丘僧团。居士,具足这四种法的圣弟子,便是行持了在家人的正道,能带来名声,导向天界。”
‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapati, dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako gihisāmīcipaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti yasopaṭilābhiniṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhito hoti cīvarena, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhito hoti piṇḍapātena, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhito hoti senāsanena , bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhito hoti gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena. Imehi kho, gahapati, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako gihisāmīcipaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti yasopaṭilābhiniṃ saggasaṃvattanika’’nti.
以饮食、卧具,及病者的资药;
于日夜中,他们的功德恒常增长;
‘‘Gihisāmīcipaṭipadaṃ, paṭipajjanti paṇḍitā; Sammaggate sīlavante, cīvarena upaṭṭhitā. Piṇḍapātasayanena, gilānappaccayena ca; Tesaṃ divā ca ratto ca, sadā puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
造诸善业已,便至天界之处。」第十经。
Saggañca kamatiṭṭhānaṃ , kammaṃ katvāna bhaddaka’’nti. dasamaṃ;
福德之流品第一。
Puññābhisandavaggo paṭhamo.
二种福德之流,与二种同命共住;
苏波婆沙与善施,在家者供养饮食,是为合宜。
Dve puññābhisandā dve ca, saṃvāsā samajīvino; Suppavāsā sudatto ca, bhojanaṃ gihisāmicīti.