应学法之义注显示巴利原文
Sekhiyakathāvaṇṇanā
1870 如是显示了悔过法的抉择之后,为了显示紧接其后所诵出的应学法的抉择,故说「凡不恭敬地……」等。「凡」者,是指长老、新比丘或中年比丘。此中,「不恭敬」者,是指故意犯戒,以及在拿取下衣等衣时懈怠不用心。「或在后面」者,此处的「或」字包含了「或见到」这一句。而其中的「且」字是连接下文内容的连词。显示巴利原文
1870. Evaṃ pāṭidesanīyavinicchayaṃ dassetvā tadanantaraṃ uddiṭṭhānaṃ sekhiyānaṃ vinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘yo anādariyenevā’’tiādi. Yoti thero vā navo vā majjhimo vā. Ettha anādariyaṃ nāma sañcicca āpattiāpajjanaṃ, nivāsanādivatthassa uggahaṇe nirussāhañca. Pacchatopi vāti ettha vā-saddena ‘‘passatopi vā’’ti idaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tassa cāti ettha ca-saddo vakkhamānasamuccayo.
1871 不仅以所说方式穿着者有罪,以犍度中所说的象鼻等方式穿着者也得恶作,为显示此义故说「象鼻等」等。象鼻等穿着法将在后面的小事犍度中阐明。「周圆地」者,是指令四周匀称圆满。「应穿」者,即应穿着、应穿上之义。显示巴利原文
1871. Na kevalaṃ vuttanayena nivāsentasseva hoti, khandhakāgatahatthisoṇḍādiākārenāpi nivāsentassa dukkaṭaṃ hotīti āha ‘‘hatthisoṇḍādī’’tiādi. Hatthisoṇḍādinivāsanaṃ parato khuddakavatthukkhandhake (cūḷava. 280) āvi bhavissati. Parimaṇḍalanti samantato maṇḍalaṃ katvā. Vatthabbanti nivatthabbaṃ nivāsetabbanti attho.
1872 「从膝盖圆周以下」者,此中省略了「从小腿骨顶端开始」。「八指量」者,诸师说:以木匠手指的八指为准。注释中为兼顾如下情况:「若是小腿瘦削者,或大腿肌肉肥厚者,为求合宜,从膝垂下超过八指而穿着,也是允许的」,因此说「少于彼者,不允许」。显示巴利原文
1872.Jāṇumaṇḍalatoheṭṭhāti ettha ‘‘jaṅghaṭṭhisīsato paṭṭhāyā’’ti seso. Aṭṭhaṅgulappamāṇakanti vaḍḍhakiaṅgulena aṭṭhaṅgulamattanti ācariyā. ‘‘Yo pana sukkhajaṅgho vā mahāpiṇḍikamaṃso vā hoti, tassa sāruppatthāya jāṇumaṇḍalato aṭṭhaṅgulādhikampi otāretvā nivāsetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 576) aṭṭhakathaṃ saṅgaṇhitumāha ‘‘tato ūnaṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti.
1873 若非故意穿着不周圆者,无罪。此为其释义。于上亦然。「非故意」者,并非存心‘我将不周圆穿着’,而是心想‘我将周圆穿着’,却未能做到而穿着不周圆者,无罪。「失念者」者,谓心缘他事而如是穿着者,亦无罪。「不了知者」者,指全然不知如何周圆穿着者;然而应学习穿着之法。已学得法者,若不知‘已上提’或‘已下拖’,于彼亦确实无罪。「患病者」者,若小腿或脚有疮,提起或垂下穿着者,无罪。此处‘脚’指脚之附近。「在危难时」者,若被野兽或盗贼追逐,处于如是危难中者,无罪。显示巴利原文
1873. Asañcicca aparimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsentassa anāpattīti yojanā. Evamuparipi. Asañciccāti ‘‘aparimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsessāmī’’ti evaṃ asañcicca, atha kho ‘‘parimaṇḍalaṃyeva nivāsessāmī’’ti virajjhitvā aparimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsentassa anāpatti. Asatissāpīti aññavihitassāpi tathā nivāsentassa anāpatti. Ajānantassāti kevalaṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetuṃ ajānantassa anāpatti. Apica nivāsanavattaṃ uggahetabbaṃ. Uggahitavattopi sace ‘‘āruḷha’’nti vā ‘‘oruḷha’’nti vā na jānāti, tassāpi anāpattiyeva. Gilānassāti yassa jaṅghāya vā pāde vā vaṇo hoti, tassa ukkhipitvā vā otāretvā vā nivāsentassa anāpatti. Pādoti cettha pādasamīpaṃ adhippetaṃ. Āpadāsūti vāḷā vā corā vā anubandhanti, evarūpāsu āpadāsu anāpatti.
1874 「使两角平齐」者,指偏袒一肩所披之衣,于背面与腹面垂下时,将两边作如象背之鼓包一般平齐。「作成周圆」者,即此义之同义语。「恭敬地」者,为中性词,表修习恭敬。「应恭敬地披着」是释文,意为应以恭敬作披着。「若不如是作者」,指虽于披着规定中生起恭敬,却仍未如是披着者。显示巴利原文
1874.Ubho koṇe samaṃ katvāti pārupanassa ekaṃse katassa piṭṭhipasse, udarapasse ca olambamāne ubho kaṇṇe hatthipiṭṭhe gaṇḍā viya samaṃ katvā. Parimaṇḍalaṃ katvāti etasseva atthapadaṃ. Sādaranti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso. Sādaraṃ vā pārupitabbanti yojanā, sādaraṃ pārupanaṃ kattabbanti attho. Evaṃ akarontassāti pārupanavatte ādaraṃ janetvā evaṃ apārupantassa.
1875 因‘应学习我将周圆地穿着’或‘应学习我将周圆地披着’中,未加区分而只总说‘于俗家间’,故称‘无区别地说’。由于此二学处是无区别地宣说的,因此无论于俗家或于寺院,皆应作成周圆,此为释意。‘家’即俗家。‘或于寺院’是就礼敬佛陀等时而说。‘应作成周圆’者,谓应仅以周圆的方式穿着、披着。显示巴利原文
1875. ‘‘Parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsessāmīti sikkhā karaṇīyā’’ti (pāci. 576) vā ‘‘parimaṇḍalaṃ pārupissāmīti sikkhā karaṇīyā’’ti (pāci. 577) vā ‘‘antaraghare’’ti avisesetvā vuttattā āha ‘‘avisesena vutta’’nti. Idaṃ sikkhāpadadvayaṃ yasmā avisesena vuttaṃ, tasmā ghare, vihāre vā kātabbaṃ parimaṇḍalanti yojanā. Ghareti antaraghare. Vihāre vāti buddhupaṭṭhānādikālaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Parimaṇḍalaṃ kattabbanti parimaṇḍalameva nivāsetabbaṃ pārupitabbanti attho.
1876 “使两角平齐”:此为关联。“且以领覆盖”:此为阐明。显示巴利原文
1876. Ubho koṇe samaṃ katvāti sambandho. Gīvameva ca anuvātena chādetvāti yojanā.
1877 “如是不作”:即未依前述的规定而作。“肩角”:即两肩之端。“及胸”:即心脏之处。“敞开”:即不加覆盖。“随意”:即随其所愿。“行”:此处应补入“于俗家间”。所谓俗家间,无论村落或寺院,凡是居士煮食、用餐之后的住处。显示巴利原文
1877.Tathā akatvāti yathāvuttavidhānaṃ akatvā. Jattūnipīti ubho aṃsakūṭānipi. Urampi cāti hadayampi. Vivaritvāti appaṭicchādetvā. Yathākāmanti icchānurūpaṃ. Gacchatoti ettha ‘‘antaraghare’’ti seso. Antaragharaṃ nāma gāme vā hotu vihāre vā, pacitvā bhuñjitvā gihīnaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ.
1878-9 “从腕”:此亦应与“以下”连接。“住宿者”:此处省略了“敞开身体而坐”。名为住宿者,即为了过夜而前往的人,由此显示:为了住宿而前往俗家间者,应以善加覆盖的方式前往。依此即已说明:对于已前往住宿者近处的人,随意而行并无过失。因此义疏中说:“即使仅一日,往已住宿者之近处,随意而行是许可的,何况往住四五日而决意住者之近处。”显示巴利原文
1878-9.‘‘Maṇibandhato’’ti imināpi ‘‘heṭṭhā’’ti yojetabbaṃ. Vāsūpagassāti ettha ‘‘kāyaṃ vivaritvā nisīdato’’ti seso. Vāsūpago nāma rattivāsatthāya upagato, etena vāsatthāya antaragharaṃ upagacchantena suppaṭicchanneneva upagantabbanti dīpitaṃ hoti, eteneva vāsūpagatassa santikaṃ upagatassa yathākāmaṃ gamane na dosoti ca vuttameva hoti. Tenāha gaṇṭhipade ‘‘ekadivasampi vāsūpagatassa santikaṃ yathāsukhaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭati, ko pana vādo catupañcāhaṃ vāsamadhiṭṭhāya vasitabhikkhūnaṃ santika’’nti.
1880 “善调伏”者:因不玩弄手足而得以善加调伏。显示巴利原文
1880.Suvinītenāti hatthapādānaṃ akīḷāpaneneva suṭṭhu vinītena.
1881 因偈颂的连接,“具念”被拉长而作“具念者”。“不变动”者:不伴随四处张望。“轭量”者:其量为轭量,车轭为四肘之量,指那样的区域。“观者”者:即观察者。“比丘应垂目”者:此为断句。显示巴利原文
1881. Gāthābandhavasena ‘‘satīmatā’’ti dīgho kato. Avikārenāti taṃtadavalokāsahitena . Yugaṃ mattā pamāṇaṃ etassāti yugamattaṃ, rathayugaṃ catuhatthappamāṇaṃ, tattakaṃ padesaṃ. Pekkhināti olokentena. ‘‘Bhikkhunā okkhittacakkhunā’’ti padacchedo.
1882 “于俗家间,无论何处,即使立于一处”这是解释。虽然如此说,若有那样的障碍,行进时亦可观察。然而,“立于一处”在此处,行进时为了观察有无危险,亦被允许观察。“如于村落中供养”云云,是义疏中所说。而“亦”字是“然而”之义,即说然而得观察。显示巴利原文
1882. Antaraghare yattha katthacipi ekasmimpi ṭhāne ṭhatvāti yojanā. Evaṃ vuttepi tathārūpe antarāye sati gacchatopi oloketuṃ labbhati. Ekasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ṭhatvāti ettha gacchantopi parissayābhāvaṃ oloketuṃ labbhatiyeva. ‘‘Tathā gāme pūja’’nti gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Pi-saddo pana-saddattho, oloketuṃ pana vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ hoti.
1883 「向彼处彼处观看」者,即由于不恭敬,而向彼彼方向观看楼阁、重阁、街道。显示巴利原文
1883.Olokento tahaṃ tahanti yo anādariyaṃ paṭicca taṃ taṃ disābhāgaṃ pāsādaṃ kūṭāgāraṃ vīthiṃ olokento.
1884 「从一侧」者,即从一肩顶。「从两侧」者,即从两肩顶。「门柱以内」者,即村门门柱以内,亦即所说的家中。显示巴利原文
1884.Ekatovāpīti ekaaṃsakūṭato vā. Ubhato vāpīti ubhayaṃsakūṭato vā. Indakhīlakato antoti gāmadvārindakhīlato anto, ghareti vuttaṃ hoti.
1885 「在如是坐时亦」者,即于门柱内侧坐着时亦然。应这样连接:取出水瓶者,不应弃置衣袍,而应给予水瓶。「水瓶」者,仅是举例,于滤水器等亦是此法。显示巴利原文
1885.Tathā nisinnakālepīti indakhīlassa anto nisinnakālepi. Kuṇḍikaṃ nīharantena ca cīvaraṃ anukkhipitvā dātabbā kuṇḍikāti yojanā. Kuṇḍikanti ca upalakkhaṇamattaṃ. Dhammakaraṇādīsupi eseva nayo.
1886 应连接为:既不应去,亦不应坐。“及”字是行为的合并。“在可笑的事物中”,指引发笑的原因。“仅微笑”,指轻微的笑。显示巴利原文
1886. Gantuñceva nisīdituñca na vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Ca-saddo kiriyāsamuccayo. Hasanīyasmiṃ vatthusminti hāsajanake kāraṇe. Sitamattanti mandahāsaṃ.
1887 “以小声”,是指与这样的小声相应:“怎样算作小声?在十二肘的屋中,僧团长老坐于前端,第二长老坐于中间,第三长老坐于末端。如此坐着时,这位僧团长老与第二长老商议,第二长老既能听到声音,也能辨别语义。然而第三长老只能听到声音,不能辨别语义。这就是小声的程度。”如果第三长老也能辨别语义,则称为大声。显示巴利原文
1887.Appasaddenāti ‘‘kittāvatā appasaddo hoti? Dvādasahatthe gehe ādimhi saṅghatthero, majjhe dutiyatthero, ante tatiyattheroti evaṃ nisinnesuyaṃ saṅghatthero dutiyattherena saddhiṃ manteti, dutiyatthero tassa saddañceva suṇāti, kathañca vavatthapeti. Tatiyatthero pana saddameva suṇāti, kathaṃ na vavatthapeti. Ettāvatā appasaddo hotī’’ti (pāci. 588) vuttaappasaddayuttena. Sace pana tatiyatthero kathañca vavatthapeti, mahāsaddo nāma hotīti.
1888 “作摇动身体”,指摇曳身体。以上的情况也以同样方法理解。由于所说的手的特征,“臂”应取从腕关节直至肩顶端的部分。显示巴利原文
1888.Kāyappacālakaṃ katvāti kāyaṃ cāletvā cāletvā. Uparipi eseva nayo. Hatthassa vuttalakkhaṇattā ‘‘bāhū’’ti maṇibandhato yāva aṃsakūṭā gahetabbā.
1889 「端正地持取」者,即端正地安放。「应坐」者,应当安坐。「以均等的威仪」,此为断句。显示巴利原文
1889.Ujuṃ paggahetvāti ujuṃ ṭhapetvā. Āsitabbanti nisīditabbaṃ. ‘‘Samena iriyāpathena tū’’ti padacchedo.
1890 此处的工具格,表示在此情形中。在与行走相关的学处里,因不存在行走的情况,故说“在与坐相应的诸学处中”。显示巴利原文
1890. Itthambhūte karaṇavacanaṃ. Gamanapaṭisaṃyuttesu sikkhāpadesu gamanassa asambhavoti āha ‘‘nisīdanena yuttesū’’ti.
1891 「作叉腰」者,指于腰部一侧或两侧,弯曲手肘,将手安放。如所说:“叉腰者,名为在腰部安手而作叉腰。”或以蹲踞而行,此为连接。所谓蹲踞,即抬起脚跟以脚尖行走,或抬起脚尖仅以脚跟触地行走。显示巴利原文
1891.Khambhaṃ katvāti kaṭiyā ekapasse vā dvīsu vā passesu kapparasandhito ābhujitvā hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā. Yathāha – ‘‘khambhakato nāma kaṭiyaṃ hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā katakhambho’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 596). Ukkuṭikāya vā gacchatoti yojanā. Ukkuṭikā vuccati paṇhiyo ukkhipitvā aggapādehi vā aggapāde ukkhipitvā paṇhīhi eva vā bhūmiṃ phusantassa gamanaṃ.
1892 「恶盘腿」者,即不如法的盘腿而坐。若有人以此坐姿坐于俗家之内,则犯恶作。此是连接说明。显示巴利原文
1892.Dussapallatthikāyāti āyogapallatthikāya. Antaraghare nisīdantassa tassa dukkaṭaṃ hotīti yojanā.
1893 「第二」指「我不应叉腰坐于俗家内」这一学处。「第四」指「我不应覆头坐于俗家内」这一学处。「第六」指「不应盘腿坐于俗家内」等学处。如此,便阐明了这二十六条适当、契合沙门行仪的学处。显示巴利原文
1893.Dutiyecāti ‘‘na khambhakato antaraghare nisīdissāmī’’ti (pāci. 597) sikkhāpade ca. Catutthe cāti ‘‘na oguṇṭhito antaraghare nisīdissāmī’’ti (pāci. 599) sikkhāpade ca. Chaṭṭheti ‘‘na pallatthikāya antaraghare’’iccādi (pāci. 601) sikkhāpade ca. Iti evaṃ sāruppā samaṇācārānucchavikā chabbīsati sikkhāpadāni pakāsitāni.
1894 有智的比丘应当具足恭敬、具足正念、保持钵想,平等而受取钵食。这是连接说明。如此,以此偈颂统摄了这三条学处。「恭敬」即建立了正念。「具念」乃是「恭敬」的同义词,因为在注疏中说「建立念」。钵想,即对于钵的认知;具备此想者,称为具钵想者,意思是对于自己的容器——并非他人所造之物——生起系缚想。显示巴利原文
1894. Viññunā bhikkhunā sakkaccaṃ satiyuttena, pattasaññinā ca hutvā samasūpova piṇḍapāto gahetabboti yojanā. Evaṃ etāya gāthāya sikkhāpadattayaṃ saṅgahitaṃ. Sakkaccanti satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. ‘‘Satiyuttenā’’ti idaṃ ‘‘sakkacca’’nti etassa atthapadaṃ. ‘‘Satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 602) hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Patte saññā pattasaññā, sā assa atthīti pattasaññī, anaññavihitena attano bhājaneyeva upanibaddhasaññināti attho.
1895 「食之四分」:指食物取四分之一的分量。若取超过此量,则为恶作。显示巴利原文
1895.Bhattacatubbhāgoti bhattassa catubbhāgappamāṇo. Tato adhikaṃ gaṇhato dukkaṭaṃ.
1896 「味味」者,应说「味味」,然依偈颂之结构而说为「味味」。除二汤外,其余之盐汤、菜汤、汤品、鱼汤、肉汁等,应知为「味味」。于此,有人说:「盐汤者,酸乳所作之乳味」。另有人说:「一种副食调制品」。又有人说:「任何纯净之酸浆、酪浆等味」。以「菜汤品」之摄取,说明任何以汤品菜蔬所作之副食调制品。「肉汁等」者,以「等」字,应见摄取其余一切副食调制品。「亲族等」者,于此,「取其所有之」为省略。「为他事」者,于此,「取其所作之」为省略。「以财」者,于此,「自己之」、「所购之」、「取」为省略。取亲族等所有之,取为他事所作之,取以自己财物所购之,无犯,此为义也。显示巴利原文
1896. ‘‘Rasarase’’ti vattabbe ‘‘raserase’’ti gāthābandhavasena vuttaṃ. Dve sūpe ṭhapetvā avasesāni oloṇisākasūpeyyamaccharasamaṃsarasādīni rasarasāti veditabbāni. Ettha ca ‘‘oloṇīti dadhikataṃ gorasa’’nti keci. ‘‘Ekā byañjanavikatī’’ti apare. ‘‘Yo koci suddho kañjikatakkādiraso’’ti aññe. Sākasūpeyyaggahaṇena yā kāci sūpeyyasākehi katā byañjanavikati vuttā. Maṃsarasādīnīti ādi-saddena avasesā sabbāpi byañjanavikati saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ñātakādīnanti ettha ‘‘santakaṃ gaṇhantassā’’ti seso. Aññatthāyāti ettha ‘‘kataṃ gaṇhantassā’’ti seso. Dhanenāti ettha ‘‘attano’’ti ca ‘‘kīta’’nti ca ‘‘gaṇhantassā’’ti ca seso. Ñātakādīnaṃ santakaṃ gaṇhantassa, aññatthāya kataṃ gaṇhantassa, attano dhanena kītaṃ gaṇhantassa anāpattīti attho.
1897 已决意之钵,应取食至钵口内侧刻线之量而盛满,此为文句连结。显示巴利原文
1897. Adhiṭṭhānūpagassa pattassa mukhavaṭṭiyā antolekhāpamāṇena pūritova gahetabboti yojanā.
1898 说明了无犯的范围之后,为了说明有犯的范围,而说「于彼」等语。「于彼」是指对于已作决意的钵。说「作堆积」时,此处省略了「正在被施与」。如果像所说的那样,以超越刻线的方式,取用正在被施与、已作堆积的食物,则犯恶作,这是其中的关联。由此可知:禁止先将已决意的钵堆满后再受取,以及先受取钵后再受取食物堆满。显示巴利原文
1898. Anāpattivisayaṃ dassetvā āpattivisayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘tatthā’’tiādi. Tatthāti adhiṭṭhānūpage patte. Thūpīkataṃ katvāti ettha ‘‘diyyamāna’’nti seso. Yathāvuttalekhātikkamo yathā hoti, evaṃ thūpīkataṃ diyyamānaṃ gaṇhato āpatti dukkaṭanti sambandho. Iminā paṭhamaṃ thūpīkatassa adhiṭṭhānūpagapattassa pacchā paṭiggahaṇañca paṭhamapaṭiggahitapatte pacchā bhojanassa thūpīkatassa paṭiggahaṇañca nivāritanti veditabbaṃ.
1899 三种时限食本身作堆积,也是允许的,这是其中的关联。「其余」是指对于未作决意的钵。「一切」是指四种时限食作堆积都许可,这是其中的关联。显示巴利原文
1899. Kālikattayameva ca thūpīkataṃ vaṭṭatevāti yojanā. Seseti anadhiṭṭhānūpage patte. Sabbanti catubbidhaṃ kālikaṃ thūpīkataṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
1900 此处「送」字,省略了「比丘们」。若比丘送与比丘们,这是其中的关联。为了显示注疏中「可以送到住处」的意趣,通过「比丘们」一语,表明在未舍弃受取的情况下,由比丘亲自送去的食物,取用的比丘们并无犯。否则,应当知道,仅说「可以充满」便已足够。显示巴利原文
1900.Pesetīti ettha ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti seso. Bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ yadi pesetīti yojanā. ‘‘Vihāraṃ pesetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 605) aṭṭhakathāya adhippāyaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘bhikkhūna’’nti vacanena paṭiggahaṇaṃ avijahitvā bhikkhunā eva pesitaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāpattīti dīpitaṃ hoti. Aññathā ‘‘pūretuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti ettakameva vattabbanti viññāyati.
1901 “被抛入”指从钵口边缘高高举起后,抛入中央。“果等”是以“等”字含摄米饭等。“向下掉落”指由于四周尚有空间,抛入时因而晃动,低于钵口便往下掉落。显示巴利原文
1901.Pakkhippamānanti mukhavaṭṭito uccaṃ katvā majjhe pakkhipiyamānaṃ. Phalādikanti ādi-saddena odanādimpi saṅgaṇhāti. Heṭṭhāorohatīti samantā okāsasambhavato cāliyamānaṃ mukhavaṭṭippamāṇato heṭṭhā bhassati.
1902 “荜澄茄等”在此处以“等”字含摄槟榔果等。“安放已”即放置于饭食的顶端之后。“花鬘”即指花环。显示巴利原文
1902.Takkolakādīnanti ettha ādi-saddena pūgaphalādīnaṃ saṅgaho. Ṭhapetvāti bhattamatthake nikkhipitvā. Vaṭaṃsakanti avaṭaṃsakaṃ.
1903 “糕的”是表示变异关系中的属格,即指“糕的花环”。因为糕属于时限食,故说“此应是堆积而成的”。显示巴利原文
1903.Pūvassāti vikārasambandhe sāmivacanaṃ, pūvavaṭaṃsakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pūvassa yāvakālikattā āha ‘‘idaṃ thūpīkataṃ siyā’’ti.
1904 因叶片各为容器,故说「允许」。显示巴利原文
1904. Paṇṇānaṃ visuṃ bhājanattā āha ‘‘vaṭṭatī’’ti.
1905 「对他」:指比丘。「然而那一切」:即所说「因堆积故不允许」的一切。「已取、善取」:若未违犯而受取,即为善受取。显示巴利原文
1905.Assāti bhikkhussa. Taṃ tu sabbanti ‘‘thūpīkatattā na vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ taṃ pana sabbaṃ. Gahitaṃ sugahitanti virādhetvā paṭiggahitaṃ ce, suppaṭiggahitaṃ.
1906 「向上界限」是词的分割。「向上」:在饭食之上。「界限」:限度。「依次第」:从自己一方的边际开始,循序而进。显示巴利原文
1906. ‘‘Upari odhi’’nti padacchedo. Uparīti bhattassa upari. Odhinti paricchedaṃ. Paṭipāṭiyāti attano disāya pariyantato paṭṭhāya anukkamena.
1907 「给予他人」此处应补「施与者」之义。将自己的食物施与他人时,若倒入他人钵中堆放,即使不循次第、随处倾倒,亦无过失,其关联在此。同样地,倾倒额外的副食时,随处倾倒亦无过失,其关联在此。为食用而取用者,此处亦应说明。额外副食,即是副食。显示巴利原文
1907.Aññesanti ettha ‘‘dento’’ti seso. Attano bhattaṃ aññesaṃ dento aññassa bhājane ākiraṃ ākiranto pana paṭipāṭiṃ vināpi tahiṃ tahiṃ omasati ce, natthi dosoti yojanā. Uttaribhaṅgakaṃ tathā ākiranto tattha tattha omasati, natthi dosoti yojanā . Bhuñjanatthāya gaṇhantopi cettha vattabbo. Uttaribhaṅgaṃ nāma byañjanaṃ.
1908 「从顶端压下而食用」者,有过失,此为连结。「『顶端』者,从顶端,从中间」,依注疏之语,此处「顶端」者,指食物之顶端。「压下」者,以手压下食物。显示巴利原文
1908. Matthakaṃ omadditvā paribhuñjato dosoti yojanā. ‘‘Thūpakatoti matthakato, vemajjhato’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 610) aṭṭhakathāvacanato matthakanti ettha bhattamatthakamāha. Omadditvāti hatthena bhattaṃ avamadditvā.
1909 「即使剩余少许」是指哪怕所剩极少。「收拢后」是指将散放各处者收拢。若将其压拢至一处而食用,则无过失,其关联在此。显示巴利原文
1909.Sesake parittepi cāti avasiṭṭhe appakepi ca. Saṃkaḍḍhitvānāti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhitaṃ saṃharitvā. Ekato pana madditvā bhuñjato anāpattīti yojanā.
1910 「因欲更多之故」者,指由于想再次取用(食物)的欲望之故。「汤」者,即绿豆等所做的汤。「副食」者,即额外的菜肴。显示巴利原文
1910.Bhiyyokamyatāhetūti puna gaṇhitukāmatāhetu. Sūpaṃ vāti muggādisūpaṃ vā. Byañjanaṃ vāti uttaribhaṅgaṃ vā.
1911 「告知」者,指关于汤与饭的告知。「或亲属、或已邀请者、或为他人之利益、或以自己之财物」——这是无犯的附加说明。即使身为病人,若以轻蔑想观看他人之钵,亦有过犯,因此说「在轻蔑中,病人亦不得免」。「轻蔑」一词,此处是表示目的义的处格。显示巴利原文
1911.Viññattiyanti sūpodanaviññattiyaṃ. ‘‘Ñātakānaṃ vā pavāritānaṃ vā aññassa atthāya vā attano dhanena vā’’ti idaṃ anāpattiyaṃ adhikaṃ. Gilānopi hutvā paresaṃ pattaṃ ujjhānasaññāya olokentassa āpatti hotīti āha ‘‘ujjhāne gilānopi na muccatī’’ti. Ujjhāneti nimittatthe bhummaṃ.
1912 「我将给予」者,指观看此人的食物后,说「我将给予那里所没有的东西」,或说「我将令人给予」。以轻视而生起的嫌厌之心名为轻蔑,对于轻蔑的想名为轻蔑想,他具有这种想——这是词义解析。而无轻蔑想者无犯,应当如此了知,这是(句子的)连结。显示巴利原文
1912.Dassāmīti imassa bhattaṃ oloketvā ‘‘yaṃ tattha natthi, taṃ dassāmī’’ti vā ‘‘dāpessāmī’’ti vā. Avamaññitvā ujjhāyanacittaṃ ujjhānaṃ, ujjhāne saññā ujjhānasaññā, sā assa atthīti viggaho. Naujjhānasaññino ca anāpattīti ñātabbanti yojanā.
1913 「以他们中量」——应知,这是以不适当的方式遮止了小的。而「非过大」:唯因过大者被遮止,故小者不犯。「团」即一口。显示巴利原文
1913.‘‘Tesaṃ majjhappamāṇenā’’ti iminā asāruppavasena khuddakapaṭikkhepo katoti veditabbo. ‘‘Nātimahanta’’nti ca atimahantasseva paṭikkhittattā khuddake āpatti na dissatīti. Kabaḷoti ālopo.
1914 「于根类副食等一切处,应关联『可嚼食』。」「果与非果」:即小果与大果。显示巴利原文
1914. Mūlakhādanīyādike sabbattha khajjake panāti yojanā. Phalāphaleti khuddake, mahante ca phale.
1915 第十项中,没有什么需要说明的。显示巴利原文
1915. Dasame natthi kiñci vattabbaṃ.
1916 「未至」者,此句义为「未至口门」。如言「『未至』者,即未持来,意为未到达口门」。「正开口门者」:仅言此时,因‘口门’一词为关系词,为回应‘谁的’之期待,故以自指语「我将开口门」所表示的意义,应知是执取自我。‘及’字是‘即’义,应连接‘或未到达’,意为‘即未到达’。显示巴利原文
1916.‘‘Anāhaṭe’’ti etassa atthapadaṃ ‘‘mukhadvāraṃ appatte’’ti. Yathāha ‘‘anāhaṭeti anāharite, mukhadvāraṃ asampāpiteti attho’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 617). ‘‘Mukhadvāraṃ vivarantassā’’ti ettake vutte mukhadvāra-saddassa sambandhisaddattā kassāti apekkhāya ‘‘mukhadvāraṃ vivarissāmī’’ti attanopadekavacanena byañjitamevatthaṃ pakāsetuṃ attano-gahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Ca-saddo evakārattho, appatte vāti yojetabbo, asampatteyevāti attho.
1917 「全手」者,此处‘手’一词应视为手指等部分。如同‘手印’等语,原用于整体之语亦转用于部分,故即使将一根手指放入口中,亦不许可。显示巴利原文
1917.Sakalaṃhatthanti ettha hattha-saddo tadekadesesu aṅgulīsu daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Hatthamuddā’’tiādīsu viya samudāye pavattavohārassa avayavepi pavattanato ekaṅgulimpi mukhe pakkhipituṃ na vaṭṭati.
1918 「其」者,指比丘。「正说话者」者,指正在说话者。显示巴利原文
1918.Assāti bhikkhuno. Byāharantassāti kathentassa.
1920 「抛团食者」:即抛掷食团而食者。于此,对于可嚼食及果实,不犯。「或截断食团者」:即截断食团而食者。于此,对于可嚼食与果实,乃至连同额外副食,亦不犯。「作颊囊而食者」:此处唯对于果实不犯。显示巴利原文
1920.Piṇḍukkhepakanti piṇḍaṃ ukkhipitvā ukkhipitvā. Idhāpi khajjakaphalāphalesu anāpatti. Kabaḷacchedakampi vāti kabaḷaṃ chinditvā. Idha khajjakaphalāphalehi saddhiṃ uttaribhaṅgepi anāpatti. Gaṇḍe katvāti ettha phalāphalamatteyeva anāpatti.
1921-2 「抖手而食者」:应连带「抖手而食饭食」而作理解。「撒落饭粒者」:即撒落饭粒而食者。「或伸舌者」:即伸出舌头而食者。「或作『咂咂』声者」:即作『咂咂』之声而食者。第七者,指「不抖手食」之学处。第八者,指「不撒落饭粒食」之学处。此处,「刮舌者」:指刮除舌苔。显示巴利原文
1921-2.Hatthaṃ niddhunitvānāti hatthaṃ niddhunitvā bhattaṃ bhuñjatoti ca sambandho. Sitthāvakārakanti sitthāni avakiritvā avakiritvā. Jivhānicchārakaṃ vāpīti jivhaṃ nicchāretvā nicchāretvā. Capu capūti vāti ‘‘capu capū’’ti evaṃ saddaṃ katvā. Sattameti ‘‘na hatthaniddhunaka’’nti sikkhāpade. Aṭṭhameti ‘‘na sitthāvakāraka’’nti sikkhāpade. Kacavarujjhaneti kacavarāpanayane.
1923 应联结为『不应作「嘶嘶」之声而食』。「或舔手者」:即舔手而食者。显示巴利原文
1923. ‘‘Suru surū’’ti evaṃ saddaṃ katvā na bhottabbanti yojanā. Hatthanillehakaṃ vāpīti hatthaṃ nillehitvā nillehitvā.
1924 应作如是连结:以手指取糖浆或浓粥,将手指放入口中而食,亦为允许。显示巴利原文
1924. Phāṇitaṃ , ghanayāguṃ vā aṅgulīhi gahetvā aṅguliyo mukhe pavesetvāpi taṃ bhottuṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
1925 即便以一根手指,亦不应舔钵。应作如是连结:即便一唇,亦不应以舌舔之。外唇亦不应以舌舔。粘附在唇上的饭粒等任何东西,只应以两唇肉夹取,纳入口中,这样是允许的。显示巴利原文
1925. Ekāya aṅgulikāyapi patto na lehitabbova. Jivhāya ekaoṭṭhopi na nillehitabbakoti yojanā. Bahi oṭṭhañca jivhāya na lehitabbaṃ. Oṭṭhe laggaṃ sitthādiṃ yaṃ kiñci ubhohi oṭṭhamaṃsehiyeva gahetvā anto kātuṃ vaṭṭati.
1926-8 应作如是连结:“不应取,因厌恶而禁止。”“希”字,即“因为”之义,因此后面说“因此”。“饮水器”一词仅是举例,因为螺贝等也同样不应取。“或碗”,即是盘子。显示巴利原文
1926-8.Na ca gahetabbaṃ, paṭikkūlavasena paṭikkhittanti yojanā. Hi-iti ‘‘yasmā’’ti etassa atthe, teneva vakkhati ‘‘tasmā’’ti. ‘‘Pānīyathālaka’’nti idaṃ upalakkhaṇamattaṃ saṅkhādīnampi tathā nagahetabbattā. Sarāvaṃ vāti taṭṭakaṃ vā.
「以无染之手」者,以无染污之手的一部分。如所说:「然而若手的一部分未被食物染污,以该部分执取,是允许的。」显示巴利原文
Anāmisena hatthenāti āmisarahitena hatthekadesena. Yathāha ‘‘sace pana hatthassa
若部分未沾着食物,以此部分执取,是允许的。若以沾有食物的手,心想“我将清洗”或“我将让人清洗”而执取,则无犯。显示巴利原文
Ekadeso āmisamakkhito na hoti, tena padesena gahetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 631). Āmisamakkhiteneva hatthena ‘‘dhovissāmī’’ti vā ‘‘dhovāpessāmī’’ti vā gaṇhantassa pana anāpatti.
1929 “取出后”:若钵洗水中有饭粒,取出饭粒后,将该钵洗水倒于屋外或屋内,无犯。“碎散后”:若钵洗水中有饭粒,将饭粒压碎,与水混合使其散开,仅呈水流状,然后将该水倒于屋外或屋内,无犯。“执取后”:执取有饭粒的钵洗水,弃于受器中,无犯。应知此处的补充解释为:将有饭粒的钵洗水从屋内取出,弃于屋内,无犯。其中,受器是指痰盂等盛残食、洗手水的特别容器。显示巴利原文
1929.Uddharitvāti sasitthakā pattadhovanā sitthakāni uddharitvā taṃ pattadhovanodakaṃ gharā bahi antaraghare chaḍḍentassa anāpatti. Bhinditvāti sasitthake pattadhovane sitthakāni madditvā udakena sambhinditvā udakagatikāneva katvā taṃ udakaṃ gharā bahi antaraghare chaḍḍentassa anāpatti. Gahetvāti sasitthakaṃ pattadhovanodakaṃ gahetvā paṭiggahe chaḍḍentassa anāpatti. Sasitthakaṃ pattadhovanodakaṃ gharā bahi nīharitvā antaraghare chaḍḍentassa anāpattīti ajjhāhārayojanā veditabbā. Ettha paṭiggaho nāma kheḷamallādiko ucchiṭṭhahatthadhovanabhājanaviseso.
1930 “伞,任何”:即所谓三种伞——白伞、草席伞、叶伞,有圆形编制、有条状编制——中的任何一种。其中,“白伞”是指以布裹覆的白色伞。“草席伞”是指竹篾所编之伞。“叶伞”是指以棕榈叶等任何材料所做之伞。“圆形编制、条状编制”,这是为了显示三种伞的骨架而说的,因为这些伞既有圆形编制的,也有条状编制的。“任何”是以无所遗漏的方式,含摄了注疏中所说的特殊伞类:“即使是用当地生长的杆所做成的单叶伞,也属于伞。”“以手”:此处应补充“不放下”。“以身”:此处应补充“执取”。连接起来,其义为:以肩、头等身体部位执持,同时以手不放下而持伞者。显示巴利原文
1930.Chattaṃ yaṃ kiñcīti ‘‘chattaṃ nāma tīṇi chattāni setacchattaṃ kilañjacchattaṃ paṇṇacchattaṃ maṇḍalabaddhaṃ salākabaddha’’nti (pāci. 634) vuttesu tīsu chattesu aññataraṃ. Ettha ca setacchattanti vatthapaliguṇṭhitaṃ paṇḍaracchattaṃ. Kilañjacchattanti vilīvacchattaṃ. Paṇṇacchattanti tālapaṇṇādīhi yehi kehici kataṃ. ‘‘Maṇḍalabaddhaṃ salākabaddha’’nti idaṃ pana tiṇṇampi chattānaṃ pañjaradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tāni hi maṇḍalabaddhāni ceva honti salākabaddhāni ca. ‘‘Yaṃ kiñcī’’ti anavasesapariggahavacanena ‘‘yampi ca tatthajātadaṇḍena kataṃ ekapaṇṇacchattaṃ hoti, tampi chattamevā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 634) aṭṭhakathāya vuttaṃ chattavisesaṃ gaṇhāti. Hatthenāti ettha ‘‘amuñcitvā’’ti seso. Sarīrāvayavenāti ettha ‘‘gahetvā’’ti seso. Vā-saddo api-saddattho. Aṃsakūṭādisarīrāvayavena gahetvāpi hatthena amuñcitvā dhārentassāti attho.
然而若他人为其持伞,或伞立于伞鞋中,或立于其侧边,显示巴利原文
Sace panassa añño chattaṃ dhāreti, chattapādukāya vā ṭhitaṃ hoti, passe vā ṭhitaṃ hoti,
当伞刚从手中离开时,便不称为持伞者,对彼说法是许可的。基于“不应对持伞的无病者说法”这一规定,又因在此处将解释“一切处对无病者”,故此处得出“对无病者”。而此处有关法的区分,应依词句法中所说之理来理解。以下亦然。显示巴利原文
Hatthato apagatamatte chattapāṇi nāma na hoti, tassa dhammaṃ desetuṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Na chattapāṇissa agilānassā’’ti vacanato, idha ‘‘sabbattha agilānassā’’ti vakkhamānattā ca ettha ‘‘agilānassā’’ti labbhati. Dhammaparicchedo cettha padasodhamme vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Evamuparipi.
1931 【1931】“持杖者”中:此处分解为“杖在手中者”。问:杖的尺量是多少?答:“四肘量”等。“中等手”是指中等身材者的手量,即所谓“木匠手”。显示巴利原文
1931.Daṇḍapāṇimhīti ettha daṇḍo pāṇimhi assāti viggaho. Kittakappamāṇo daṇḍoti āha ‘‘catuhatthappamāṇo’’tiādi. Majjhimahatthatoti pamāṇamajjhimassa purisassa hatthato, yo ‘‘vaḍḍhakihattho’’ti vuccati.
1932 【1932】“持刀者”中:此处的分解亦如前述。将后文将述的一切弓类、箭类除外,其余刀剑等即名为刀。为断除“即使佩刀而立者,是否也是持刀者?”的疑虑,故说“持刀者”等。“不成,刀”是词句切割。显示巴利原文
1932.Satthapāṇissāti etthāpi viggaho vuttanayova. Vakkhamānaṃ sakalaṃ dhanuvikatiṃ, saravikatiñca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khaggādi satthaṃ nāma. Khaggaṃ sannahitvā ṭhitopi satthapāṇi nu khoti āsaṅkāya nivattanatthamāha ‘‘satthapāṇī’’tiādi. ‘‘Na hoti asi’’nti padacchedo.
1933-5 若有人持箭与弓,或持无箭之弓、无弓之箭,或持已上弦的弓杆,或持已下弦的弓杆而立、而坐、而卧,对如此持物者宣说如《词句法》中所说特相之正法,即犯恶作罪。这是衔接义。然而,若其弓只是挂在肩上而未握持,则允许。因「与弦同在」,故称「已上弦」。显示巴利原文
1933-5. Sarena saddhiṃ dhanuṃ vā suddhadhanuṃ vā suddhasaraṃ vā sajiyaṃ dhanudaṇḍaṃ vā nijiyaṃ dhanudaṇḍaṃ vā gahetvā ṭhitassāpi vā nisinnassāpi vā nipannassāpi vā sace yo tathā padasodhamme vuttalakkhaṇaṃ saddhammaṃ deseti, tassa āpatti dukkaṭaṃ hotīti yojanā. Sace panassa dhanu khandhe paṭimukkaṃ hoti, yāva na gaṇhāti, tāva vaṭṭati. Jiyāya saha vattatīti sajiyaṃ.
1936 「对穿鞋者」:穿着鞋者为穿鞋者,此处即指穿鞋者而言。如何是「已穿着」?故说「已踏入」等。「已踏入而立者」:指未将伞柄插入指间,仅将脚踩入鞋中而立者。「或已穿着者」:指已穿好鞋而立者。此二者皆为「对穿鞋者」的同义词。如所说:「不应为无病的穿鞋者说法。若因不恭敬而为无病的已踏入、已穿上或已脱下鞋者说法,犯恶作罪。」显示巴利原文
1936.Pādukāruḷhakassāti pādukaṃ āruḷho pādukāruḷho, soyeva pādukāruḷhako, tassa. Kathaṃ āruḷhassāti āha ‘‘akkamitvā’’tiādi. Akkamitvā ṭhitassāti chattadaṇḍake aṅgulantaraṃ appavesetvā kevalaṃ pādukaṃ akkamitvā ṭhitassa. Paṭimukkassa vāti paṭimuñcitvā ṭhitassa. Etaṃ dvayampi ‘‘pādukāruḷhakassā’’ti etassa atthapadaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘na pādukāruḷhassa agilānassa dhammo desetabbo. Yo anādariyaṃ paṭicca akkantassa vā paṭimukkassa vā omukkassa vā agilānassa dhammaṃ deseti, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti (pāci. 638).
1937-40 「对穿鞋者亦」:指以踏入等方式已穿上鞋者。如所说「已踏入或已穿上」。「一切处」:此义于持伞等一切学处中皆适用。「对无病者」:此语应贯穿连接——此为余义。故衔接为:「对无病而乘车者说法,犯恶作罪。」其中,「乘车者」指:若由两人以手相握抬运;或除去布而以竹竿抬运;或乘于未套轭的车辆等乘具中;或车虽已拆散,仅坐于车轮上,亦属「乘车者」。显示巴利原文
1937-40.Upāhanagatassāpīti akkantādiākārena upāhanāruḷhassa ca. Yathāha ‘‘akkantassa vā paṭimukkassa vā’’ti. Sabbatthāti chattapāṇiādīsu sabbasikkhāpadesu. Agilānassāti idaṃ yojetabbanti seso. Yāne vā gatassa agilānassa dhammaṃ deseti, dukkaṭanti yojanā. Tattha yāne vā gatassāti sace dvīhi janehi hatthasaṅghātena gahito, sāṭake vā ṭhapetvā vaṃsena vayhati, ayutte vā vayhādike yāne, visaṅkharitvā vā ṭhapite cakkamattepi nisinno hoti, yānagatotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.
若卧于床上,乃至卧于草席或地面,而非患病者——此意。如经中所说:“‘对卧床者’,即乃至卧于草席上、平地上者。”若坐于高座或高床,对站立者或卧者,不得说法——此意。此处言“立”,亦已兼摄“坐”义。若对卧于床上者说法,说法者亦卧于床上,或与同等高度,或处于高处,唯如此卧者方许说法——此意。显示巴利原文
Sayanepi vā antamaso kaṭasārake vā chamāya vā nipannassāpi agilānassāti yojanā. Yathāha ‘‘sayanagatassāti antamaso kaṭasārakepi pakatibhūmiyampi nipannassā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 641). Ucce pīṭhe vā ucce mañcepi vā nisinnena, ṭhitena vā nipannassa desetuṃ na vaṭṭatīti yojanā. ‘‘Ṭhatvā’’ti iminā ‘‘nisīditvā’’ti idañca saṅgahitameva. Sayanesu gatassa ca desentena sayanesu gatenāpi samāne vāpi ucce vā nipanneneva vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
1941 “亦复如是”:以此语,即已摄取“允许”之义。显示巴利原文
1941.‘‘Tathevacā’’ti iminā ‘‘vaṭṭatī’’ti idaṃ gahitaṃ.
1942 “对以抱膝坐姿而坐者”:本应说为“pallatthikāya nisinnassā”,因偈颂结构而省略“ya”音,故说为“pallatthikā nisinnassā”。其义为:以瑜伽抱膝坐姿,或以手抱膝坐姿,或以布抱膝坐姿,即以任何一种抱膝坐姿而坐者。“对缠头者”:以布缠头,或以头巾等,使发际不可得见,如是缠头者。显示巴利原文
1942. ‘‘Pallatthikāya nisinnassā’’ti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena yakārassa lopaṃ katvā ‘‘pallatthikā nisinnassā’’ti vuttaṃ, āyogapallatthikāya vā hatthapallatthikāya vā dussapallatthikāya vā yāya kāyaci pallatthikāya nisinnassāti attho. Veṭhitasīsassāti dussaveṭhanena vā moliādīhi vā yathā kesanto na dissati, evaṃ veṭhitasīsassa.
1943 若露出发际而说法,是允许的——这是此处之衔接。而“此即决断”一语,同时也说明了“露出头部而说法,是允许的”这一无犯条款。显示巴利原文
1943. Yadi kesantaṃ vivarāpetvā deseti, vaṭṭatīti yojanā. ‘‘Ayameva vinicchayo’’ti iminā ‘‘sīsaṃ vivarāpetvā deseti, vaṭṭatī’’ti anāpattivāropi vutto hoti.
1944-5 在第八条“对坐于座者”中,是指“至少铺设衣服或草而坐的人”;在第九条“在高座”中,是指“即使坐在地面高起之处,也不得为其说法”;以及第十条中以“即使”等语将要说明的决断——除这些之外,因为没有应说的差别,所以说“在第八、第九条中,而在第十条中则无任何”。此处“应说”为省略。当年轻比丘前往长老处站立,而坐在座上的长老若提问——这是补充的衔接。为了显示应说的方式,故说“然而,对其旁边的另一人,应由知者说”。此处“对站立者”为省略。如果附近没有其他人,那么即使是为了确立诵习而说法,也是允许的。显示巴利原文
1944-5. Aṭṭhame ‘‘āsane nisinnassāti antamaso vatthampi tiṇānipi santharitvā nisinnassā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 645) idañca navame ‘‘ucce āsaneti antamaso bhūmippadesepi unnate ṭhāne nisinnassa desetuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 647) idañca dasame ‘‘sacepī’’tiādinā vakkhamānavinicchayañca ṭhapetvā vattabbavisesābhāvā āha ‘‘aṭṭhame navamevāpi, dasame natthi kiñcipī’’ti. Ettha ‘‘vattabba’’nti seso. Therupaṭṭhānaṃ gantvāna ṭhitaṃ daharaṃ āsane nisinno thero ce pañhaṃ pucchatīti ajjhāhārayojanā. Kathetabbamupāyaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘tassa passe panaññassa, kathetabbaṃ vijānatā’’ti. Ettha ‘‘ṭhitassā’’ti seso . Tassa samīpavattino kassaci abhāve sajjhāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvāpi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
1946 “对前行者”:此处省略了“由后行者”。由后行者不应对前行者提出法义问题——这是此处的衔接。如果前行者提出问题,应该怎么做?因而宣说“对后者”等。显示巴利原文
1946.Gacchato puratoti ettha ‘‘pacchato gacchantenā’’ti seso. Pacchato gacchantena purato gacchato pañhaṃ na vattabbanti yojanā. Sace purato gacchanto pañhaṃ pucchati, kiṃ kātabbanti āha ‘‘pacchimassā’’tiādi.
1947 后面行走的人与前面行走的人一起诵习所学的法,是允许的——这是连接。并排行走者互相说法,是允许的——这是连接。‘互相’是指彼此。‘互相’一词即‘彼此’的同义语。显示巴利原文
1947. Uggahitaṃ dhammaṃ purato gacchantena saddhiṃ pacchato gacchanto sajjhāyati, vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Samameva gacchato yugaggāhaṃ kathetuṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Yugaggāhanti aññamaññaṃ. Aññamañña-saddapariyāyo hi yugaggāha-saddo.
1948 在车道上,各自沿一条车轮轨迹行走的人,可为沿另一条车轮轨迹并排行走的人说法。沿非道行走的人,也可为沿非道并排行走的人说法——这是补充连接。‘沿非道’是指不走正路。如此显示无犯的范围后,应知与之相反者,即是犯戒的范围。显示巴利原文
1948. Sakaṭamagge ekekassa cakkassa pathena gacchanto ekekassa cakkassa pathena samaṃ gacchato dhammaṃ desetuṃ vaṭṭati. Uppathenāpi gacchanto uppathena samaṃ gacchantassa dhammaṃ desetuṃ vaṭṭatīti ajjhāhārayojanā. Uppathenāti amaggena. Evaṃ anāpattivisaye dassite tabbipariyāyato āpattivisayo dassitoyevāti veditabbo.
1949 第三项中‘无有应说’者,是指‘无病而站立者,我当大便或小便’这条学处的判断,依文句即可清楚理解,所以这样说。如果前往隐蔽处的人,突然有大便或小便排出,这称为非故意所作,无犯。此处应知这一差别。痰与唾液虽已包含在鼻涕中,但在三十二身分中特别作为一项显示,故将学处中未说者亦收录而说‘大便等四法’。显示巴利原文
1949.Tatiye natthi vattabbanti ‘‘na ṭhito agilāno uccāraṃ vā passāvaṃ vā karissāmī’’ti (pāci. 651) etassa vinicchayo yathārutavasena suviññeyyoti katvā vuttaṃ. Sace paṭicchannaṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchantassa sahasā uccāro vā passāvo vā nikkhamati, asañcicca kato nāma, anāpatti. Ayamettha viseso daṭṭhabbo. Siṅghāṇikāya kheḷeneva saṅgahitattepi bāttiṃsakoṭṭhāsesu visuṃyeva dassito eko koṭṭhāsoti sikkhāpadesu avuttampi saṅgahetvā āha ‘‘uccārādicatukka’’nti.
1950 此处,为了说明“所谓绿色,即指此”,故说“活树”等。“树”是举例,因为活着的草、藤等也摄在绿色之中。由“可见而去”这句话,反过来便可了知不可见而去者不属于绿色。如果是树枝触地、可见而去,那一切也都属于绿色。如此连接。显示巴利原文
1950. Ettha haritaṃ nāma idanti dassetumāha ‘‘jīvarukkhassā’’tiādi. Rukkhassāti upalakkhaṇaṃ jīvamānakatiṇalatādīnampi hariteyeva saṅgahitattā. ‘‘Dissamānaṃ gacchatī’’ti vacaneneva adissamānagataṃ aharitanti byatirekato viññāyati. Sākhā vā bhūmilaggā dissamānā gacchati, taṃ sabbaṃ haritamevāti yojanā.
1951 “突然大便排出”,这是文句的关联。指那位比丘。“大便”是举例,因为也显示了小便等。关于“允许”,此处省略了“因住于病者处”的补语。显示巴利原文
1951. Sahasā vaccaṃ nikkhamatevāti sambandho. Assa bhikkhuno. Vaccanti upalakkhaṇaṃ passāvādīnampi dassitattā. Vaṭṭatīti ettha ‘‘gilānaṭṭhāne ṭhitattā’’ti seso.
1952 “或于稻草堆”,即于稻草垫中。此处,“未得无绿色处者”是省略的补语。“于某物”,即于干草等某物。他将大便后以绿色覆盖,这是允许的。如此连接。显示巴利原文
1952.Palālaṇḍupake vāpīti palālacumbaṭakepi. Ettha ‘‘appaharitaṃ alabhantenā’’ti seso. Kismiñcīti sukkhatiṇādimhi kismiñci. Taṃ vaccaṃ pacchā haritaṃ ottharati, vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
1953 「入」:进入。「此中」:即此学处中。「仅以唾液及」:此为词句分解。显示巴利原文
1953.Etīti pavisati. Etthāti imasmiṃ sikkhāpade. ‘‘Kheḷena eva cā’’ti padacchedo.
1954 「厕屋、海等水中」:此处以「等」字,总括一切非受用水。因此说「以其非受用性故」,即唯以非受用性为其理由。显示巴利原文
1954.Vaccakuṭisamuddādiudakesūti ettha ādi-saddena sabbaṃ aparibhogajalaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Teneva ‘‘tesaṃ aparibhogattā’’ti aparibhogattameva kāraṇamāha.
1955 「水流」:此处省略了「生起」一词。「无水」:即无水之处。「水」:指应受用的水。在此处,若从陆地覆盖水,亦无罪。显示巴利原文
1955.Udakogheti ettha ‘‘jāte’’ti seso. Ajalanti ajalaṭṭhānaṃ. Jaleti paribhogārahajale. Idhāpi thalakato udakaṃ ottharati, anāpatti.
1956-7 为显示杂抉择,故说“起等”等语。“应知”:应依将说之理而了知。“于此”:在这些应当学中。“以大笑等为始”:此为复合词解析,是“外义相应”的依主复合词,意为与大笑、不低语等词相关的四条学处。“地、低座、站立、后、非道”:地、低座、站立、后、非道,这些词与相应的学处结合,故为与他们相应的学处,即地……乃至非道,意为含有地等词的五条学处。其中,“站立”一词仅取词根之形,故取学处中所用的“站立”。本当说“于十”,因字母省略或格位倒置,故说“十”。在同类中,此十学处以起等相同,如此连结。显示巴利原文
1956-7. Pakiṇṇakavinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘samuṭṭhānādayo’’tiādi. Ñeyyāti vakkhamānanayena veditabbā. Etthāti etesu sekhiyesu. Ujjagghikā ādi yesanti viggaho, tagguṇasaṃviññāṇoyaṃ bāhiratthasamāso, ujjagghikāappasaddapaṭisaṃyuttāni cattāri sikkhāpadānīti attho. Chamā ca nīcāsanañca ṭhānañca pacchā ca uppatho ca chamānīcāsanaṭṭhānapacchāuppathā, te saddā etesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ atthīti tappaṭisaṃyuttāni sikkhāpadāni chamā…pe… uppathavā, chamādipadavantāni pañca sikkhāpadānīti attho. Ettha ṭhāna-saddena ṭhā-dhātusseva rūpattā sikkhāpadāgato ṭhita-saddo gahito. ‘‘Dasasū’’ti vattabbe vaṇṇalopena, vibhattivipallāsena vā ‘‘dasā’’ti vuttaṃ. Samanubhāsane samuṭṭhānādīhi etesu dasasu sikkhāpadesu samuṭṭhānādayo tulyā vuttāti yojanā.
这是如何说呢?这十学处是以同类劝谏为起因。于此,一一学处为:造作、想解脱、有心、世间罪、身业、语业、不善心、苦受,这是要说的。显示巴利原文
Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Imāni dasa sikkhāpadāni samanubhāsanasamuṭṭhānāni, ekekamettha kiriyaṃ, saññāvimokkhaṃ, sacittakaṃ, lokavajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, akusalacittaṃ, dukkhavedananti vuttaṃ hoti.
1958-9 “伞”等词是诸学处的标示词。这十一学处在起因等方面,与法说相同、相似,——当如此连结。此即:这十一学处以法说为起因,有作有非作,想解脱,有心,世间罪,语业,不善心,苦受。显示巴利原文
1958-9.‘‘Chatta’’ntiādīni sikkhāpadānaṃ upalakkhaṇapadāni. Etāni ekādasa sikkhāpadāni samuṭṭhānādinā pana dhammadesanena tulyāva sadisā evāti yojanā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – imāni ekādasa sikkhāpadāni dhammadesanāsamuṭṭhānāni, kiriyākiriyāni, saññāvimokkhāni, sacittakāni, lokavajjāni, vacīkammāni, akusalacittāni, dukkhavedanānīti.
“以汤饭之求取”者,即以“汤饭”一词所标示的求取学处。因求取学处众多,唯此学处被特别指出。“与盗军相同”者,意谓:从起缘等方面视之,与盗军学处相同。此即所说:汤饭求取学处以盗军之起缘为起,是造作,是想解脱,是有心,是世间罪,是身业,是语业,是不善心,是苦受。显示巴利原文
Sūpodanena viññattīti sūpodana-saddena lakkhitaṃ viññattisikkhāpadaṃ. Viññattisikkhāpadānaṃ bahuttā idameva visesitaṃ. Theyyasatthasamaṃ matanti samuṭṭhānādīhi theyyasatthasikkhāpadena samānaṃ matanti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sūpodanaviññattisikkhāpadaṃ theyyasatthasamuṭṭhānaṃ, kiriyaṃ, saññāvimokkhaṃ, sacittakaṃ, lokavajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, akusalacittaṃ, dukkhavedananti.
1960 “其余五十三”者,即其余五十三条学处。“与第一相同”者,意谓:从起缘等方面来看,与第一波罗夷学处相同,亦即所说与第一波罗夷起缘等相似。“难时无犯”者,此为断句。所谓难,是指圆满着下衣、披覆而行时,遭遇盗贼等灾难。以“亦”字包含渡河等。“于一切应学法”是依多数而说。显示巴利原文
1960.Avasesā tipaññāsāti avasesāni tepaññāsasikkhāpadāni. Samānā paṭhamena tūti paṭhamena pārājikena samuṭṭhānādito samānānīti attho, paṭhamapārājikasadisasamuṭṭhānānīti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Anāpatti āpadāsū’’ti padacchedo. Parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā, pārupitvā carantānaṃ corupaddavādi āpadā nāma. Api-saddena nadisantaraṇādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Sekhiyesu sabbesūti yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ.
1961 “我将不以挑剔想观看他人之钵”等,因其无犯的情况不可能发生,故未出现,在圣典中未曾提及。然而,对其的犯相亦应依具体事相而如实观见。显示巴利原文
1961. ‘‘Na ujjhānasaññī paresaṃ pattaṃ olokessāmī’’tiādīnaṃ (pāci. 614) imassa anāpattivārassa asambhavato na panāgatoti pāḷiyaṃ na vutto. Tassāpi yathāvatthukāva āpattiyo daṭṭhabbā.
在《律决择》注释中显示巴利原文
Vinayavinicchayavaṇṇanāya
1962 凡了知此决择而安住者,于律中即成为通达者,心得调伏,且不为他人所轻易摧伏。以此之故,应恒常专注学习此律决择。——此即连结。显示巴利原文
1962. Yo imaṃ vinicchayaṃ viditvā ṭhito, so hi yasmā vinaye visārado hoti, vinītamānaso ca hoti, parehi duppadhaṃsiyo ca hoti, tato tasmā kāraṇā samāhito satataṃ imaṃ vinayavinicchayaṃ sikkheyyāti yojanā.
其中,“知此决择”:即是从义理、文句与决择三方面,恭敬了知此律决择——它是一切世间与出世间功德成就之因。“通达者”:有怯弱即是“怯弱”,远离那种怯弱故为“通达者”,于律藏教理与犯等分别中,无畏、无疑——这是所说之义。不仅了知此有如此利益,而且“心得调伏”,意为心得制御。“彼”,即恭敬了知此决择而安住的比丘。“他人”,即不了知此的其他人。“不为所轻易摧伏”,即不可被征服。显示巴利原文
Tattha imaṃ vinicchayaṃ viditvāti sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇasampattinidānaṃ imaṃ vinayavinicchayaṃ atthato, ganthato, vinicchayato ca sakkaccaṃ ñatvā. Visāradoti sārajjanaṃ sārado, vigato sārado assāti visārado, vinayapariyattiyā, āpattādivibhāge ca nibbhayo nirāsaṅkoti vuttaṃ hoti. Na kevalaṃ imassa jānane esova ānisaṃso, atha kho vinītamānaso ca hoti, saṃyatacitto hotīti attho. Soti imaṃ vinicchayaṃ sakkaccaṃ viditvā ṭhito bhikkhu. Parehīti imaṃ ajānantehi aññehi. Duppadhaṃsiyo ca hotīti anabhibhavanīyo ca hoti.
「因此」:由于具足于律中得通达等一切功德之故。「恒」即是「因」的意思。「应学」:应通过读诵、听闻等方式来学习,义为应当受持。以「恒常」一词表明:如同于一切处所修业处,此处亦应恒常精勤。散乱者无法如实通达,为对治此而令心趣入一境性,故说「专注」,意即善巧地在律的决择中安立、确立,心得一境。如所说:「此法为不散乱者之法,而非散乱者之法。」显示巴利原文
Tatoti tasmā vinaye visāradatādisabbaguṇasampannahetuttā. Hīti yasmāti attho. Sikkheti sajjhāyanasavanādivasena sikkheyya, uggaṇheyyāti attho. ‘‘Satata’’nti iminā sabbatthakakammaṭṭhāne viya etthāpi satatābhiyogo kātabboti dasseti. Vikkhittassa yathābhūtapaṭivedhābhāvato tappaṭipakkhāya ekaggatāya niyojento āha ‘‘samāhito’’ti, sammā vinayavinicchaye āhito patiṭṭhito ekaggacittoti vuttaṃ hoti. Yathāha ‘‘avikkhittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo vikkhittassā’’ti.
1963 为以另一种方式显示此偈所说之义,故说「此」等。依「他们」而得出「诸」——诸长老、新学或中等者。「最上」:因显示戒为证得不死大涅槃之根本因,故为最上。「无杂」:不与其他部派所得相混杂。「悦」:因具足所说方式之功德,能令身心之乐现前,故为悦。「听闻甘露」:以音声甘味等相应而成为耳之甘露,或因能带来不死大涅槃,以果之方便而称为甘露。「此律决择」应恭敬了知。「增上」:以显示增上戒等三学而为殊胜。「利」:因为是世间、出世间乐之因,故为利;自得果故称「利」,即乐之因。「教法之垢」:能破坏贪等烦恼尘垢。「教法」:指称为律藏的教理教法之一分。「通达」:善巧的状态。「不去」:不前往。若问「他们为何人」——哪些人不去通达?答:无有任何人。此偈之义已无疑地被记录。显示巴利原文
1963. Evaṃ imāya gāthāya vuttamevatthaṃ pakārantarenāpi dassetumāha ‘‘ima’’ntiādi. Teti apekkhitvā ‘‘ye’’ti labbhati. Ye therā vā navā vā majjhimā vā. Paramanti amatamahānibbānappattiyā mūlakāraṇassa sīlassa pakāsanato uttamaṃ. Asaṃkaranti nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ. Saṃkaranti vuttappakāraguṇopetattā kāyacittasukhakāraṇaṃ sammukhaṃ karotīti saṃkaraṃ. Savanāmatanti saddarasādiyogena kaṇṇarasāyanaṃ. Amatanti tatoyeva amataṃ sumadhuraṃ. Amatamahānibbānāvahattā vā phalūpacārena amataṃ. Imaṃ vinayavinicchayaṃ. Aveccāti sakkaccaṃ viditvā. Adhiketi adhisīlādisikkhattayappakāsanena ukkaṭṭhe. Hiteti lokiyalokuttarasukhahetuttena hite. Hinoti attano phalanti ‘‘hita’’nti sukhahetu vuccati. Kalisāsaneti lobhādikilesaviddhaṃsane. Sāsaneti vinayapariyattisaṅkhātasāsanekadese. Paṭuttanti byattabhāvaṃ. Na yanti na gacchanti. Ke teti katame te. ‘‘Na keci santi cā’’ti nissandehe imissā gāthāya attho likhito.
此处应如此理解义理之连结:「最上」即殊胜;「无杂」即不与其他部派所得相混杂;「悦」即能生起一切世间、出世间乐;「听闻甘露」即耳之甘露;此决择论,应恭敬了知;「增上」以显示增上戒等三学而为殊胜;「利」即成为世间、出世间乐之因;「教法之垢」即破坏一切杂染;「教法」即称为律藏的教理教法;「诸不去通达者,他们为何人?」这是连结。凡是了知此论而安住者,他们必定于律藏中达到通达——这是意趣所在。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ ettha atthayojanā veditabbā – paramaṃ uttamaṃ asaṃkaraṃ nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ saṃkaraṃ sakalalokiyalokuttarasukhābhinipphādakaṃ savanāmataṃ sotarasāyanaṃ imaṃ vinicchayappakaraṇaṃ avecca sakkaccaṃ viditvā adhike adhisīlādisikkhattayappakāsanena ukkaṭṭhe hite lokiyalokuttarasukhahetubhūte kalisāsane sakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsake sāsane vinayapiṭakasaṅkhāte pariyattisāsane ye paṭuttaṃ na yanti, te ke nāmāti yojanā, ye imaṃ pakaraṇaṃ avecca viditvā ṭhitā, te ekaṃsato vinayapiṭake paṭuttaṃ pāpuṇanti yevāti adhippāyo.
在《律抉择注》中显示巴利原文
Vinayavinicchayavaṇṇanāya