巴拉基咖篇
Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ
「仅仅是称呼而已」:此处,依年少而称「尊者」,依年长而称「友」,有此二种称呼;但在此处,对年长与年少者唯有一种称呼:「圣尼」。
Abhilāpamattamevāti ettha daharavasena ‘‘bhante’’ti ca vuḍḍhavasena ‘‘āvuso’’ti ca tattha duvidho abhilāpo, idha pana vuḍḍhadaharānaṃ ‘‘ayyā’’ti ekameva.
「以身触中所说的方法」:此处,依其多数情形而说由作为生起。然而,因为未说「若行身触」,而说「若接受」,故应知亦由不作为生起。如此,在下文中,以「若与女人于三道行淫法者,犯波罗夷」等方法说由作为生起后,紧接着又以「比丘的怨敌将女人带至比丘近前,以大便道坐于男根上,若彼接受插入」等方法,亦说由不作为生起,故于第一波罗夷,亦应知唯依其多数情形而为由作为生起。因为在接受插入等处,不见由作为生起。
Kāyasaṃsagge vuttanayenāti ettha tabbahulanayena kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā vuttā. ‘‘Kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajjeyyā’’ti avatvā pana ‘‘sādiyeyyā’’ti vuttattā akiriyatopi samuṭṭhātīti veditabbaṃ. Yathā cettha, evaṃ heṭṭhā ‘‘manussitthiyā tayo magge methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpatti pārājikassā’’tiādinā (pārā. 56) nayena kiriyasamuṭṭhānataṃ vatvā tadanantaraṃ ‘‘bhikkhupaccatthikā manussitthiṃ bhikkhussa santikaṃ ānetvā vaccamaggena aṅgajātaṃ abhinisīdenti, so ce pavesanaṃ sādiyatī’’tiādinā (pārā. 58) nayena akiriyasamuṭṭhānassapi vuttattā paṭhamapārājikāyapi tabbahulanayeneva kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā veditabbā. Na hi pavesanasādiyanādimhi kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā dissati.
此处,生殖器的移动不应视为本质,因为于「若彼不接受插入,不接受已入,不接受停住,接受拔出,犯波罗夷」中,在不接受停住时,自然亦有完全的移动。而此处,因接受为缘的行淫移动,实不可见,故唯应依其多数情形而理解为由作为生起。
Aṅgajātacalanañcettha na sārato daṭṭhabbaṃ ‘‘so ce pavesanaṃ na sādiyati, paviṭṭhaṃ na sādiyati, ṭhitaṃ na sādiyati, uddharaṇaṃ sādiyati, āpatti pārājikassā’’ti (pārā. 58) ettha ṭhitanasādiyane pakatiyāpi paripuṇṇacalanattā. Sādiyanapaccayā paṭisevanacalanañcettha na dissatevāti tabbahulanayeneva kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā gahetabbā.
再者,比丘尼的第一波罗夷,亦因其以‘接受’形态为说,故参照相应分别而观察后,便说为‘由作为生起’。然而,正如在这些法中依多数情形而说为由作为生起,酒等亦唯独以不善心饮用方成犯。否则,若说‘凡唯以不善心而犯者,是世间罪;其余是制定罪’,则世间罪与制定罪的决断便得成立。但并未如此说,而是说‘于彼有心的一方,心唯不善者,是世间罪;其余是制定罪’,如此一来,‘世间罪’之语可能落空,因为在不知事物的情况下,亦唯以不善心而饮。因为在彼处,饮酒违犯无不善心生起,故于犍度注疏中说:‘然而对于饮酒,比丘即使不知,从种性而饮者,仍犯波逸提。沙弥唯知而饮者犯破戒,不知则不犯。’并未说:‘在不知事物的情形下,即便生起类似杀生等成就的不善心,沙弥亦不犯破戒。’这种固执之语,是因为沙弥的饮酒与杀生等有同等性质。当知‘这是酒、酿酒’的事物后,以应饮用等方式违犯时,不善心不可能不存在。因此说‘于彼有心的一方’等。
Apica bhikkhuniyāpi paṭhamapārājike tassa sādiyanassa sarūpena vuttattā tadanurūpavasena vibhaṅganayamanoloketvā ‘‘kiriyasamuṭṭhāna’’micceva vuttaṃ. Yathā cetesu tabbahulanayena kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā vuttā, tathā surādīnaṃ akusaleneva pātabbatā. Itarathā ‘‘yaṃ akusaleneva āpajjati, ayaṃ lokavajjā, sesā paṇṇattivajjā’’ti vutte lokavajjapaṇṇattivajjānaṃ niyamalakkhaṇasiddhi hoti, tathā taṃ avatvā ‘‘yassā sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, ayaṃ lokavajjā, sesā paṇṇattivajjā’’ti (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā) vutte lokavajjavacanaṃ niratthakaṃ siyā vatthuajānanapakkhepi akusaleneva pātabbattā. Yasmā tattha surāpānavītikkamassa akusalacittuppādo natthi, tasmā khandhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘majjapāne pana bhikkhuno ajānitvāpi bījato paṭṭhāya majjaṃ pivantassa pācittiyaṃ. Sāmaṇero jānitvāva pivanto sīlabhedaṃ āpajjati, na ajānitvā’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 108) vuttaṃ, na vuttaṃ ‘‘vatthuajānanapakkhe pāṇātipātādīnaṃ siddhikaraakusalacittuppādasadise cittuppāde satipi sāmaṇero sīlabhedaṃ nāpajjatī’’ti. Abhinivesavacanaṃ pāṇātipātādīhi samānagatikattā sāmaṇerānaṃ surāpānassa. ‘‘Surāmerayime’’ti vatthuṃ jānitvā pātabbatādivasena vītikkamantassa akusalassa asambhavo natthi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yassā sacittakapakkhe’’tiādi.
于此,若依理而言:因阿拉汉不犯,便于有心与无心方面有不善的决定么?不然,因为依法性,有学亦不犯。为显示在无心方面并无不善决定之义,应举例如熟睡者口中滴入的水滴般的酒滴等。因为依彼多数情形而取义时,前后的注疏与经文一致。诸师长亦说,于饮酒无有不善的决定。然而有一些人说:那由作为生起的,只是彼多数情形,而非第一波罗夷。如何呢?身触学处即是第一波罗夷的生起。在此,当比丘与比丘尼有身触时,比丘尼即使不移动身肢,仅以心接受,亦犯;比丘则不然,比丘唯有移动时方犯。同样,于第一波罗夷,亦唯有移动时犯,非无移动时。‘接受插入’:此处,接受插入是指行淫心的生起,或以道入道者的欲求。彼亦有身体的移动,绝对存在。即便如此,仍应审察而取,他们是这样说而书写的。
Kiñcettha – yuttivacanena arahantānaṃ appavisanato sacittakācittakapakkhesu akusalaniyamoti ce? Na, dhammatāvasena sekkhānampi appavisanato. Acittakapakkhe akusalaniyamābhāvadassanatthaṃ supantassa mukhe pakkhittajalabindumiva surābinduādayo udāharitabbā. Tabbahulanayena hi atthe gahite pubbenāparaṃ aṭṭhakathāya sameti saddhiṃ pāḷiyā cāti. Ācariyāpi surāpāne akusalaniyamābhāvameva vadanti. Ekacce pana kiriyasamuṭṭhānatā panassa tabbahulanayameva, na paṭhamapārājike. Kathaṃ? Kāyasaṃsaggasikkhāpadaṃ paṭhamapārājikasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Ettha bhikkhussa ca bhikkhuniyā ca kāyasaṃsaggabhāve sati bhikkhunī kāyaṅgaṃ acopayamānāpi citteneva adhivāseti, āpajjati, na evaṃ bhikkhu. Bhikkhu pana copayamānova āpajjati, evameva paṭhamapārājikepi copane sati eva āpajjati, nāsati. Pavesanaṃsādiyatīti ettha pavesanasādiyanaṃ nāma sevanacittuppādanaṃ, maggena vā maggappaṭipannampi icchanti. Tassāpi kāyacalanaṃ ekantaṃ atthi eva. Evaṃ santepi vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbanti vadantīti likhitaṃ