“为比丘尼众之利益,护者宣说巴帝摩卡”,此为连结。其中,“宣说”即教导、制定之义。
Nātho bhikkhunīnaṃ hitatthāya yaṃ pātimokkhaṃ pakāsayīti sambandho. Tattha pakāsayīti desayi, paññāpayīti attho.
共通波罗夷
Sādhāraṇapārājikaṃ
一、淫欲法学处的注释
1. Methunadhammasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“仅言说”者,仅是言语,并非实义,这是它的意趣。“仅性别之差异”者,即男性与女性之差别而已。“差别”者,即相异性。“以欲”者,以爱染、以亲爱为义。“以乐欲”者,以意欲为义。“被侵犯”者,即被染污。“具足戒圆满”者,即其具足戒已圆满,由二部僧团授予具足戒之义。
Abhilāpamattanti vacanamattaṃ, na atthoti adhippāyo. Liṅgabhedamattanti purisaliṅgaṃ itthiliṅganti visesamattaṃ. Visesoti nānāttaṃ. Chandena cevāti pemena ceva, sinehena cevāti attho . Ruciyā cāti icchāya ca. Padhaṃsitāyāti dūsitāya. Paripuṇṇā upasampadā yassā sā paripuṇṇūpasampadā, ubhatosaṅghena upasampannāti attho.
不共波罗夷
Asādhāraṇapārājikaṃ
五、膝上部位学处的注释
5. Ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“肘以上”者,从第二大关节向上。“从此至彼的往来”者,即手或身体的横向移动,从此至彼。
Ubbhakapparanti dutiyamahāsandhito uddhaṃ. Ito cito ca sañcaraṇanti hatthassa vā kāyassa vā tiriyaṃ ito cito ca sañcaraṇaṃ.
“一方流出”者:指比丘尼有流出时,即比丘尼因身触之贪而处于流出状态,这就是它的含义。而且,应仅依比丘尼一方来理解“一方流出”的情况。这一点在《普端严》中已有说明。
Ekatoavassuteti (pāci. aṭṭha. 662) bhikkhuniyā avassave, bhikkhuniyā kāyasaṃsaggarāgena avassutabhāve satīti attho. Bhikkhuniyā vaseneva ca ekatoavassutabhāvo gahetabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ samantapāsādikāyaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 662) –
“一方流出”:此处虽然“一方”一词在字面上是笼统地说,但应知,只有在比丘尼有流出时,才会论及此罪的不同分类。
‘‘Ekatoavassuteti ettha kiñcāpi ‘ekato’ti avisesena vuttaṃ, tathāpi bhikkhuniyā eva avassute sati ayaṃ āpattibhedo vuttoti veditabbo’’ti.
“男子之身”者:指男子的任何身体部分。“于双方流出时亦”者:即使在比丘尼与男子双方皆因身触之贪而有流出的情况下,也是如此。“以身”者:以自己界定的身体。“身所系属”者:系属于男子身体之物。“或以余身”者:以所界定身体之外的其余身体,即所谓锁骨以上、膝轮以下、肘腕以下的身体。“他的身”者:有流出之彼男子的任何身体。在此,若自己(比丘尼)触摸,为偷兰遮;同样,应知若同意他方触摸,也是如此。“男子无身触之贪”者:指男子无淫欲贪、无在家之爱染,或内心清净。“余”者:波罗夷境以外的其他情况。“以身所系属等、身所系属等之部分”:指“以身所系属触身所系属,犯恶作”等一切情形。在“非故意”等情况下,若未遂而触摸,或由他人所为,或不知“此是男子”或“女人”,或虽被他所触而心生耽着,即便有所碰触也不犯。
Purisassa kāyanti purisassa yaṃ kañci kāyaṃ. Ubhatoavassutepīti bhikkhuniyā ceva purisassa ca kāyasaṃsaggarāgena avassutabhāve satipi. Kāyenāti yathāparicchinnena attano kāyena. Kāyappaṭibaddhanti purisassa kāyappaṭibaddhaṃ. Avasesakāyena vāti yathāparicchinnakāyato avasesena kāyena, ubbhakkhakaadhojāṇumaṇḍalaadhokapparasaṅkhātena kāyenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa kāyanti avassutassa tassa purisassa yaṃ kañci kāyaṃ. Yathā cettha sayaṃ āmasantiyā thullaccayaṃ, evaṃ tassa āmasanaṃ sādiyantiyāpīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Purisassa kāyasaṃsaggarāgo natthīti purisassa methunarāgo, gehasitapemaṃ, suddhacittaṃ vā. Avaseseti pārājikakhettato avasese. Kāyappaṭibaddhena kāyappaṭibaddhādibhedeti ‘‘kāyappaṭibaddhena kāyappaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’tiādike (pāci. 659, 662) sabbavāre. ‘‘Asañciccā’’tiādīsu virajjhitvā vā āmasantiyā, aññavihitāya vā, ‘‘ayaṃ puriso’’ti vā ‘‘itthī’’ti vā ajānantiyā vā, tena phuṭṭhāyapi taṃ phassaṃ assādayantiyā vā āmasanepi sati anāpatti.
六、覆藏罪者学处的注释
6. Vajjappaṭicchādikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
「犯波罗夷法」者,即犯与比丘共通的四种,及不共通的四种,此八种中随犯其一。此波罗夷为后来所制,然而结集的长老们将其与前者配为双组,置于此处,应如此理解。然而从「八种波罗夷中任一」的语句,应知此为覆藏罪者,彼正是覆藏罪者。覆藏罪虽由贪爱而生,但其违犯学处之心唯是忧,故属苦受,因此说「于此波逸提……乃至……余亦如是」。
Pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpannanti bhikkhūhi sādhāraṇānaṃ catunnaṃ, asādhāraṇānaṃ catunnañcāti aṭṭhannamaññataraṃ ajjhāpannaṃ. Idañca pārājikaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 666) pacchā paññattaṃ, saṅgītikārakācariyehi pana purimena saddhiṃ yugaḷaṃ katvā imasmiṃ okāse ṭhapitanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Aṭṭhannaṃ pārājikānaṃ aññatara’’nti (pāci. 666) vacanato pana vajjappaṭicchādikaṃ yā paṭicchādeti, sāpi vajjappaṭicchādikā evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi vajjappaṭicchādanaṃ pemavasena hoti, tathāpi sikkhāpadavītikkamacittaṃ domanassameva hotīti katvā dukkhavedanaṃ hotīti ‘‘tatra hi pācittiyaṃ…pe… sesaṃ tādisamevā’’ti vuttaṃ.
7. 随举(比丘)学处注释
7. Ukkhittānuvattikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
「以大师的教敕」者,即依白法成就与羯磨说示成就。然而在此,唯以举罪、忆念为先的白与羯磨说示,方为大师的教敕,故说「于此亦」等。「作」者,为白的提出与羯磨说示之言说。「不恭敬」者,于人于法,皆无恭敬。故说「由何」等。其中,「或于所摄之众」者,即于彼僧团所摄、称为多人的大众。「以不正行者之义」,此是说明其意趣所在。「一羯磨等」者,即一羯磨、一说戒、同一戒律。「与共住之状态」者,即与如法行持的状态。「共住对他们为同」者,即为共同共住者。
Satthusāsanenāti ñattisampadāya ceva anussāvanasampadāya ca. Idha pana codanāsāraṇāpubbakameva ñattianussāvanaṃ satthusāsananti āha ‘‘idhāpī’’tiādi. Karaṇanti ñattiṭṭhapanañceva anussāvanāvacanañca. Anādaranti puggale ceva dhamme ca ādaravirahitaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘yenā’’tiādi. Tattha pariyāpannagaṇe vāti tasmiṃ saṅghe pariyāpanne sambahulapuggalasaṅkhāte gaṇe vā. ‘‘Sammāvattanāya avattamānanti attho’’ti iminā adhippāyattho vutto. Ekakammādiketi ekakammaekuddesasamasikkhātāya. Saha ayanabhāvenāti saha vattanabhāvena. Samāno saṃvāso etesanti samānasaṃvāsakā.
如今,以何种共住而称他们为「共同共住者」?那共住,对被举者与那些众而言,并不存在。由于他们的共住不存在,他并不将那些比丘视作自己的伴侣,因此名为「未作伴侣」。为阐明此义,故说「然而对何者」等。如是作字句解释后,今为揭示其义,故说「未得共同共住状态之义」。如何是其随顺?若有疑惑,为如实说明,故说「彼成为何见者」等。其中「彼」者,即指那被举者。
Idāni yena saṃvāsena te ‘‘samānasaṃvāsakā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 669) vuttā, so saṃvāso tassa ukkhittakassa tehi saddhiṃ natthi, yehi ca saddhiṃ tassa so saṃvāso natthi, na tena te bhikkhū attano sahāyā katā honti, tasmā so akatasahāyo nāmāti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yassa panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ padavaṇṇanaṃ katvā idāni atthamattaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘samānasaṃvāsakabhāvaṃ anupagatanti attho’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiṃ taṃ anuvattananti kassaci āsaṅkā siyāti taṃ sarūpato dassento ‘‘yaṃdiṭṭhiko so hotī’’tiādimāha. Tattha soti yo ukkhittako, so.
8. 八事(学处)注释
8. Aṭṭhavatthukāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“以世间之味、友谊与交往之力”者,即依所谓世间之味的友谊交往之力。为何这么说?故说“以身触之贪”。唯以身触之贪而染著者,此处名为“漏出”,非因淫欲之贪。如何得知?故说“正是此”等。然而此处有何理由?故说“于《一切善见》中,对此作了审察”。此处有此审察:于此处,“非法”者,应知唯是身触,而非淫欲法。因为淫欲之近边不构成偷兰遮。“有智、有能力行身触者”之语,于此亦是证成。凡由谁所作,彼即属于彼。“男子之人”者,为显示属格意义,故说“由男子之人”等。其中,“手”者,即自己之手。且并非仅在此处取手,如所说“手者,从肘以下乃至指甲尖”那样的手之定义,而是将此与其它非波罗夷境之定义合在一起,说为“手之定义”。同样,“取僧伽帝衣角”者,亦非仅取僧伽帝衣角,而是显示此及任何其它衣角的取著,故说“于此,任何”等。“某名之处”者,即如是名为之处。“依次第或逆次第而满”者,此仅是举例。因此,依次第、逆次第或间隔地,以任何方式而满,即是其义。
Lokassādamittasanthavavasenāti (sārattha. ṭī. pācittiya 3.675) lokassādasaṅkhātassa mittasanthavassa vasena. Kiṃ tanti āha ‘‘kāyasaṃsaggarāgenā’’ti. Kāyasaṃsaggarāgeneva tintā idha avassutā nāma, na methunarāgenāti. Kathametaṃ viññāyatīti āha ‘‘ayameva hī’’tiādi. Kiṃ panettha kāraṇanti āha ‘‘samantapāsādikāyaṃ panassa vicāraṇā katā’’ti. Tatthāyaṃ vicāraṇā – ettha ca asaddhammoti kāyasaṃsaggova veditabbo, na methunadhammo. Na hi methunassa sāmantā thullaccayaṃ hoti. ‘‘Viññū paṭibalo kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajjitu’’nti (pāci. 676) vacanampi cettha sādhakanti. Yaṃ yena kataṃ, taṃ tasseva hotīti. Purisapuggalassāti sāmivacananti dassetuṃ ‘‘yaṃ purisapuggalenā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha hatthoti attano hattho. Na kevalañcettha hatthaggahaṇanti ‘‘hattho nāma kapparaṃ upādāya yāva agganakhā’’ti (pāci. 676) vuttassa hatthasseva gahaṇaṃ, atha kho tassa ca aññassapi apārājikakhettassa gahaṇaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘hatthaggahaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Tathā saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇanti na kevalaṃ saṅghāṭikaṇṇasseva gahaṇaṃ, atha kho tassa ca aññassapi yassa kassaci cīvarappadesassa gahaṇaṃ vuttanti dassetuṃ ‘‘ettha ca yassa kassacī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Itthannāmaṃ ṭhānanti evaṃnāmakaṃ ṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Paṭipāṭiyā vā uppaṭipāṭiyā vā pūretvā’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattaṃ. Tasmā paṭipāṭiyā vā uppaṭipāṭiyā vā ekantarikāya vā yena tena nayena pūretvāti attho.
“彼诸罪”者,即彼所犯的诸罪。正如于一一事中,如此于七事中一一分别,纵使违犯百次,说示彼诸罪后,即得解脱。“入于计数”者,即入于所说示的计数。“舍弃重担而”者,指舍弃了“我将犯其他事”的精勤。
Tā āpattiyoti tā āpannā āpattiyo. Yathā cekekasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ evaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sattasu vatthūsu satakkhattumpi vītikkantesu tā āpattiyo desetvā muccati. Gaṇanūpikāti desitagaṇanaṃ upagacchati. Dhuranikkhepaṃ katvāti ‘‘aññaṃ vatthuṃ āpajjissāmī’’ti ussāhaṃ ṭhapetvā.