6. 药篇·171. 青年净信大臣事
6. 药篇 · 84 段
171. 青年净信大臣事
171. Taruṇapasannamahāmattavatthu
283人们听说:“听说世尊允许了粥和蜜丸。”他们在清晨时分就准备了作为食物的粥和蜜丸。诸比丘在清晨就用过了作为食物的粥和蜂蜜丸,因此在斋堂里吃得并不尽兴。就在那时,有一位青年净信大臣,已经邀请了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团次日应供。当时,那位青年净信大臣心想:“我不如为这一千二百五十位比丘,准备一千二百五十碗肉,为每一位比丘送上一碗肉。”于是,那位青年净信大臣在那夜过后,让人准备了精致的硬食和软食,以及一千二百五十碗肉,然后派人通知世尊时间:“尊者,时间到了,食物已备好。”那时,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,前往那位青年净信大臣的住处。到了之后,在已设好的座位上坐下,与比丘僧团一起。那时,那位青年净信大臣在斋堂里为诸比丘分发食物。诸比丘这样说:“朋友,请给少一点;朋友,请给少一点。”“尊者们,请不要因为‘这位是青年净信大臣’而只接受一点点。我准备了很多硬食和软食,以及一千二百五十碗肉。我要为每一位比丘送上一碗肉。尊者们,请随意取用吧。”“朋友,我们并非因为那个原因才只接受一点点,而是因为我们清晨时分已经用作为食物的粥和蜜丸吃饱了,因此我们才只接受一点点。”那时,那位青年净信大臣讥嫌、非难、指责道:“这些尊者既然接受了我的邀请,怎么还能吃别人给的作为食物的粥呢?难道我就没有能力让大家随意取用吗?”他生气、不高兴、带着轻蔑的态度,一边往诸比丘的钵里盛满食物,一边走开,说道:“吃吧,或者带走吧!”那时,那位青年净信大臣亲手用精致的硬食和软食招待并满足了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,看到世尊吃完、手离开钵后,便坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的青年净信大臣,用佛法开示、劝导、激励、令其欢喜后,从座位起身离开了。
Assosuṃ kho manussā bhagavatā kira yāgu anuññātā madhugoḷakañcāti. Te kālasseva, bhojjayāguṃ paṭiyādenti madhugoḷakañca. Bhikkhū kālasseva bhojjayāguyā dhātā madhugoḷakena ca bhattagge na cittarūpaṃ paribhuñjanti. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena taruṇapasannena mahāmattena svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito hoti. Atha kho tassa taruṇapasannassa mahāmattassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ aḍḍhatelasannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ aḍḍhatelasāni maṃsapātisatāni paṭiyādeyyaṃ, ekamekassa bhikkhuno ekamekaṃ maṃsapātiṃ upanāmeyya’’nti. Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā aḍḍhatelasāni ca maṃsapātisatāni, bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena tassa taruṇapasannassa mahāmattassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto bhattagge bhikkhū parivisati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘thokaṃ, āvuso, dehi; thokaṃ, āvuso, dehī’’ti. ‘‘Mā kho tumhe, bhante, – ‘ayaṃ taruṇapasanno mahāmatto’ti – thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhatha. Bahuṃ me khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ, aḍḍhatelasāni ca maṃsapātisatāni. Ekamekassa bhikkhuno ekamekaṃ maṃsapātiṃ upanāmessāmīti. Paṭiggaṇhatha, bhante, yāvadattha’’nti. ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, etaṃkāraṇā thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma, api ca mayaṃ kālasseva bhojjayāguyā dhātā madhugoḷakena ca. Tena mayaṃ thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhāmā’’ti. Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā mayā nimantitā aññassa bhojjayāguṃ paribhuñjissanti, na cāhaṃ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṃ dātu’’nti kupito anattamano āsādanāpekkho bhikkhūnaṃ patte pūrento agamāsi – bhuñjatha vā haratha vāti. Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ taruṇapasannaṃ mahāmattaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
那时,世尊离开后不久,那位青年净信大臣生起了追悔和懊恼:“我真是没有得利,我真是没有善得;我真是得遇不善,我真是没有得遇善!我竟然生气、不高兴、带着轻蔑的态度,一边往诸比丘的钵里盛满食物,一边走开,说‘吃吧,或者带走吧!’我这样做了,到底是我积聚了很多功德,还是非功德呢?”于是,那位青年净信大臣就去到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的那位青年净信大臣对世尊这样说:“尊者,您离开后不久,我生起了追悔和懊恼:‘我真是没有得利,我真是没有善得;我真是得遇不善,我真是没有得遇善!我竟然生气、不高兴、带着轻蔑的态度,一边往诸比丘的钵里盛满食物,一边走开,说“吃吧,或者带走吧!”我这样做了,到底是我积聚了很多功德,还是非功德呢?’尊者,我这样做了,到底是我积聚了很多功德,还是非功德呢?”“朋友,从你邀请以佛陀为首的比丘僧团次日阿拉汉那一刻起,你就积聚了很多功德。从每一位比丘接受你所给的每一粒饭食那一刻起,你就积聚了很多功德,你就已开启了通往天界之路。”那时,那位青年净信大臣心想:“听说我得了利益,听说我善得利益,听说我积聚了很多功德,听说我已开启了通往天界之路。”他欢喜踊跃,从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离开了。接着,世尊以这个因缘、这个事件,召集比丘僧团,问诸比丘:“诸比丘,据说诸比丘在其他地方被邀请后,又吃别人给的作为食物的粥,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“诸比丘,这些愚人,怎么能在其他地方被邀请后,又吃别人给的作为食物的粥呢?诸比丘,这不能令未生信者生信……”呵责并说法后,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,在其他地方被邀请后,不应再吃别人给的作为食物的粥。若吃了,应按法处理。”
Atha kho tassa taruṇapasannassa mahāmattassa acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ, ahu vippaṭisāro – ‘‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yohaṃ kupito anattamano āsādanāpekkho bhikkhūnaṃ patte pūrento agamāsiṃ – ‘bhuñjatha vā haratha vā’ti. Kiṃ nu kho mayā bahuṃ pasutaṃ puññaṃ vā apuññaṃ vā’’ti? Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, bhante, acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ, ahu vippaṭisāro ‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yohaṃ kupito anattamano āsādanāpekkho bhikkhūnaṃ patte pūrento agamāsiṃ – bhuñjatha vā haratha vāti. Kiṃ nu kho mayā bahuṃ pasutaṃ, puññaṃ vā apuññaṃ vā’ti. Kiṃ nu kho mayā, bhante, bahuṃ pasutaṃ, puññaṃ vā apuññaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Yadaggena tayā, āvuso, svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito tadaggena te bahuṃ puññaṃ pasutaṃ. Yadaggena te ekamekena bhikkhunā ekamekaṃ sitthaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ tadaggena te bahuṃ puññaṃ pasutaṃ, saggā te āraddhā’’ti. Atha kho so taruṇapasanno mahāmatto – ‘‘lābhā kira me, suladdhaṃ kira me, bahuṃ kira mayā puññaṃ pasutaṃ, saggā kira me āraddhā’’ti – haṭṭho udaggo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññassa bhojjayāguṃ paribhuñjantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā aññatra nimantitā aññassa bhojjayāguṃ paribhuñjissanti. Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, aññatra nimantitena aññassa bhojjayāgu paribhuñjitabbā. Yo paribhuñjeyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’’ti.
172. 贝拉德迦旃延事
172. Belaṭṭhakaccānavatthu
284那时,世尊在暗陀迦频陀随心所欲地住了一段时间后,便与一千二百五十位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,朝着王舍城方向游行。就在那时,贝拉德迦旃延缓着从王舍城到暗陀迦频陀的商道行进,带着大约五百辆车,全都装满了糖罐。世尊远远地看见贝拉德迦旃延正在过来,看见后,便离开道路,坐在一棵树下。那时,贝拉德迦旃延去到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后站在一旁。站在一旁的贝拉德迦旃延对世尊这样说:“尊者,我想给每一位比丘一罐糖。”“那么,迦旃延,你只拿一罐糖过来吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,只拿了一罐糖,去到世尊那里。到了之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,糖罐拿来了。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你把糖分给诸比丘吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,把糖分给诸比丘之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,糖已经分给诸比丘了,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你随意让诸比丘取用糖吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,随意让诸比丘取用糖之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,已让诸比丘随意取用了糖,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你用糖满足诸比丘吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,用糖满足诸比丘。有些比丘把钵装满了,把滤网也装满了,把袋子也装满了。那时,贝拉德迦旃延用糖满足诸比丘之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,已用糖满足诸比丘了,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你把糖分给食客们吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,把糖分给食客们之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,糖已经分给食客们了,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你随意让食客们取用糖吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,随意让食客们取用糖之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,已让食客们随意取用了糖,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“那么,迦旃延,你用糖满足食客们吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,用糖满足食客们。有些食客把罐子、瓶子都装满了,也装满了篮子,甚至围裙里也兜满了。那时,贝拉德迦旃延用糖满足食客们之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,已用糖满足食客们了,但还剩下很多糖。尊者,我该如何做呢?”“迦旃延,在这有天神、魔罗、梵天的世界里,在这有沙门、婆罗门、天与人的众生之中,我看不到有谁能适当地消化这些糖,除了如来或如来的弟子。那么,迦旃延,你把这些糖倒在无草木的地方,或者倒入没有小虫的水中吧。”“是的,尊者。”贝拉德迦旃延答应了世尊,把那些糖倒入了没有小虫的水中。那时,那些糖被投入水中后,嘶嘶作响,滋滋冒泡,冒着烟,散发出浓烟。就像被烧了一整天的犁头,投入水中时会嘶嘶作响,滋滋冒泡,冒着烟,散发出浓烟一样;那些糖被投入水中后,也是这样嘶嘶作响,滋滋冒泡,冒着烟,散发出浓烟。
Atha kho bhagavā andhakavinde yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi, mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ, aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehi. Tena kho pana samayena belaṭṭho kaccāno rājagahā andhakavindaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti, pañcamattehi sakaṭasatehi, sabbeheva guḷakumbhapūrehi. Addasā kho bhagavā belaṭṭhaṃ kaccānaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Atha kho belaṭṭho kaccāno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, ekamekassa bhikkhuno ekamekaṃ guḷakumbhaṃ dātu’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, ekaṃyeva guḷakumbhaṃ āharā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā ekaṃyeva guḷakumbhaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ābhato , bhante, guḷakumbho; kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, bhikkhūnaṃ guḷaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā bhikkhūnaṃ guḷaṃ datvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dinno, bhante, bhikkhūnaṃ guḷo, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, bhikkhūnaṃ guḷaṃ yāvadatthaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā bhikkhūnaṃ guḷaṃ yāvadatthaṃ datvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dinno, bhante, bhikkhūnaṃ guḷo yāvadattho, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, bhikkhū guḷehi santappehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā bhikkhū guḷehi santappesi. Ekacce bhikkhū pattepi pūresuṃ parissāvanānipi thavikāyopi pūresuṃ. Atha kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhikkhū guḷehi santappetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santappitā, bhante, bhikkhū guḷehi, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, vighāsādānaṃ guḷaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā vighāsādānaṃ guḷaṃ datvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dinno, bhante , vighāsādānaṃ guḷo, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, vighāsādānaṃ guḷaṃ yāvadatthaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā vighāsādānaṃ guḷaṃ yāvadatthaṃ datvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dinno, bhante, vighāsādānaṃ guḷo yāvadattho, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, vighāsāde guḷehi santappehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā vighāsāde guḷehi santappesi. Ekacce vighāsādā kolambepi ghaṭepi pūresuṃ, piṭakānipi ucchaṅgepi pūresuṃ. Atha kho belaṭṭho kaccāno vighāsāde guḷehi santappetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santappitā, bhante, vighāsādā guḷehi, bahu cāyaṃ guḷo avasiṭṭho. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ taṃ, kaccāna, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya yassa so guḷo paribhutto sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyya, aññatra tathāgatassa vā tathāgatasāvakassa vā. Tena hi tvaṃ, kaccāna, taṃ guḷaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍehi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho belaṭṭho kaccāno bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā taṃ guḷaṃ appāṇake udake opilāpeti. Atha kho so guḷo udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati padhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati. Seyyathāpi nāma phālo divasaṃsantatto udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati padhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati, evameva so guḷo udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati padhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati.
那时,贝拉德迦旃延感到震惊,毛骨悚然,他去到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后坐在一旁。世尊为坐在一旁的贝拉德迦旃延次第开示说法,就是:“布施的说法、持戒的说法、天界的说法;解说欲乐的过患、卑劣与杂染;以及出离的功德利益。”当世尊知道贝拉德迦旃延心已准备妥当、柔软、无盖障、昂扬、净信时,便为他开示了诸佛所独有的说法……就这样,贝拉德迦旃延就在那个座位上,生起了远离尘垢、远离污秽的法眼:“任何集起的法,那一切终将灭尽。”那时,贝拉德迦旃延已见法、得法、知法、深入法,超越疑惑,断除犹豫,获得无畏,于师教法不依赖他人,他对世尊这样说:“太妙了,尊者!太妙了,尊者!尊者,就像将倾倒的扶正……同样地,世尊用种种方式阐明了法。尊者,我从今起,皈依世尊、皈依法、皈依比丘僧团。愿世尊记持我为近事男,从今日起,直至此生终了,皆尽形寿皈依。”
Atha kho belaṭṭho kaccāno saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho belaṭṭhassa kaccānassa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – ‘‘dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ, kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ, nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi belaṭṭhaṃ kaccānaṃ kallacittaṃ, muducittaṃ, vinīvaraṇacittaṃ, udaggacittaṃ, pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi…pe… evameva belaṭṭhassa kaccānassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti. Atha kho belaṭṭho kaccāno diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya…pe… evamevaṃ kho bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇagata’’nti.
那时,世尊在沿途游行中,到达了王舍城。世尊就住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀迦园。就在那时,王舍城里糖非常多。诸比丘因为世尊只允许病者吃糖,而没允许无病者,因此有疑虑,不敢吃糖。他们把这事禀告了世尊。“诸比丘,我允许病者吃糖,无病者喝糖水。”
Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe guḷo ussanno hoti. Bhikkhū – gilānasseva bhagavatā guḷo anuññāto, no agilānassāti – kukkuccāyantā guḷaṃ na bhuñjanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa guḷaṃ, agilānassa guḷodakanti.
173. 巴咤厘村事
173. Pāṭaligāmavatthu
285那时,世尊在王舍城随心所欲地住了一段时间后,便与一千二百五十位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,朝着巴咤厘村方向游行。那时,世尊在沿途游行中,到达了巴咤厘村。巴咤厘村的近事男们听说:“听说世尊已到达巴咤厘村了。”于是,巴咤厘村的近事男们就去到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的巴咤厘村近事男们,用佛法开示、劝导、激励、令其欢喜。那时,巴咤厘村的近事男们被世尊用佛法的开示劝导、激励、欢喜之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,愿世尊慈愍接纳我们,与比丘僧团一起使用客堂。”世尊以沉默表示了允许。巴咤厘村的近事男们知道了世尊的允许后,从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后,便前往客堂。到了之后,他们把客堂铺满所有铺垫,摆设座位,安置好水壶,点亮油灯,然后回到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后站在一旁。站在一旁的巴咤厘村近事男们对世尊这样说:“尊者,客堂已铺满所有铺垫,座位已摆设好,水壶已安置好,油灯已点亮。现在,请世尊决定时机。”
Atha kho bhagavā rājagahe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena pāṭaligāmo tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi, mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ, aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehi. Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pāṭaligāmo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā – ‘‘bhagavā kira pāṭaligāmaṃ anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho pāṭaligāmike upāsake bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi, samādapesi, samuttejesi, sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāraṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ āvasathāgāraṃ santharitvā, āsanāni paññapetvā, udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā, telapadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sabbasantharisanthataṃ, bhante, āvasathāgāraṃ. Āsanāni paññattāni. Udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito. Telapadīpo āropito. Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
那时,世尊披好下衣,拿着钵和衣,和比丘僧团一起,朝公共休息处走去。到了之后,洗过脚,进入公共休息处,背靠着中间的柱子,面向东方坐下。比丘僧团也洗过脚,进入公共休息处,靠着后墙,面向东方坐下,以世尊为最前。巴咤厘村那些男居士也洗过脚,进入公共休息处,靠着东墙,面向西方坐下,以世尊为最前。那时,世尊对巴咤厘村的男居士们说道——
Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi, bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Pāṭaligāmikāpi kho upāsakā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu, bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmike upāsake āmantesi –
“居士们,这是戒行败坏之人、因戒缺失而有过的五种过患。哪五种呢?居士们,在这里,一个戒行败坏、戒缺失的人,会因为放逸而导致巨大的财产损失。这是戒行败坏之人、因戒缺失而有的第一种过患。再者,居士们,一个戒行败坏、戒缺失的人,会有恶名远扬。这是第二种过患。再者,居士们,一个戒行败坏、戒缺失的人,无论走近哪种人群——无论是刹帝利群体、婆罗门群体、居士群体,还是沙门群体,他都心怀怯懦、局促不安地走近。这是第三种过患。再者,居士们,一个戒行败坏、戒缺失的人,在临终时会神志不清。这是第四种过患。再者,居士们,一个戒行败坏、戒缺失的人,在身体破裂、死亡之后,会投生到堕落处、恶道、苦界,甚至地狱。这是第五种过患。居士们,这些就是戒行败坏之人、因戒缺失而有的五种过患。”
, Gahapatayo, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati, yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṃkaroti. Ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
“居士们,这是具足戒行之人、因戒圆满而有的五种利益。哪五种呢?居士们,在这里,一个具足戒行、戒圆满的人,会因为不放逸而获得巨大的财富积聚。这是具足戒行之人、因戒圆满而有的第一种利益。再者,居士们,一个具足戒行、戒圆满的人,会有美名远扬。这是第二种利益。再者,居士们,一个具足戒行、戒圆满的人,无论走近哪种人群——无论是刹帝利群体、婆罗门群体、居士群体,还是沙门群体,他都泰然自若、毫不心虚地走近。这是第三种利益。再者,居士们,一个具足戒行、戒圆满的人,在临终时神志清明。这是第四种利益。再者,居士们,一个具足戒行、戒圆满的人,在身体破裂、死亡之后,会投生到善道、天界。这是第五种利益。居士们,这些就是具足戒行之人、因戒圆满而有的五种利益。”
‘‘Pañcime, gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya . Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati, yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṃkaroti. Ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyāti.
那时,世尊用大量夜晚时间,以法的讲解教导、劝请、激励、令巴咤厘村的男居士们心生欢喜之后,便让他们离开了,说:“居士们,夜深了。现在你们想到什么时候离开,就请便吧。”“是的,尊者。”巴咤厘村的男居士们回应了世尊后,从座位起身,顶礼世尊,右绕之后便离开了。那时,在巴咤厘村的男居士们离开后不久,世尊进入了一间空屋。
Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmike upāsake bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – ‘‘abhikkantā kho, gahapatayo, ratti. Yassadāni tumhe kālaṃ maññathā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti, kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmikesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṃ pāvisi.
174. 苏尼德瓦萨咖拉事
174. Sunidhavassakāravatthu
286那时候,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉正在巴咤厘村建造一座城,用来防备离车人。那时,世尊在深夜将尽、天刚破晓时起床,用那清净、超越凡人的天眼神通,看见众多天人在巴咤厘村各处划分地块。凡是那些有大威力的天人划分地块的地方,那些有大威力的国王和大臣们的心就会倾向于在那里建造住所。凡是那些有中等威力的天人划分地块的地方,那些有中等威力的国王和大臣们的心就会倾向于在那里建造住所。凡是那些有微弱威力的天人划分地块的地方,那些有微弱威力的国王和大臣们的心就会倾向于在那里建造住所。那时,世尊问具寿阿难:“阿难,那些在巴咤厘村建造城的是谁?”“尊者,是摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉,他们正在巴咤厘村建造一座城,用来防备离车人。”“阿难,这就好像和三十三天的天人们商量过一样。阿难,那摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉,正是这样在巴咤厘村建造一座城,用来防备离车人。阿难,我刚才在深夜将尽、天刚破晓时起床,用那清净、超越凡人的天眼神通,看见众多天人在巴咤厘村各处划分地块。凡是那些有大威力的天人划分地块的地方,那些有大威力的国王和大臣们的心就会倾向于在那里建造住所……凡是那些有微弱威力的天人划分地块的地方,那些有微弱威力的国王和大臣们的心就会倾向于在那里建造住所。阿难,只要是圣者们活动的区域,只要是商路通达的地方,这个地方将成为一座顶级的大城市,但那时的华氏城,将会是因为货物的集散而得名。阿难,华氏城将会有三种灾难——来自火的、来自水的,或是来自内部的纷争分裂。”
Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Addasā kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ke nu kho te, ānanda, pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpentī’’ti? ‘‘Sunidhavassakārā , bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāyā’’ti. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṃsehi saddhiṃ mantetvā, evameva kho, ānanda, sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Idhāhaṃ, ānanda, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya addasaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṃ āyatanaṃ, yāvatā vaṇippatho, idaṃ agganagaraṃ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṃ puṭabhedanaṃ. Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti – aggito vā udakato vā abbhantarato vā mithubhedāti.
那时,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉朝世尊走去。到了之后,与世尊互相问候致意。在说完亲切、令人难忘的话语后,他们站在一旁。站在一旁后,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉对世尊这样说:“请乔达摩大师接受我们今日的饭食供养,和比丘僧团一起。”世尊以沉默的方式接受了。那时,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉知道世尊接受后,便离开了。然后,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉让人准备了精美的硬食和软食,并派人告知世尊时间:“乔达摩大师,时间到了,饭食已经准备好了。”那时,世尊在午前时分,披好下衣,拿着钵和衣,朝摩揭陀大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉的供食处走去。到了之后,和比丘僧团一起,在铺设好的座位上坐下。那时,摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉亲手用精美的硬食和软食,侍奉以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,让他们饱足、满意。看到世尊吃完饭、手已经离开钵了,他们便坐在一旁。摩揭陀的大臣孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉坐在一旁后,世尊用这些偈颂来随喜赞叹——
Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘adhivāsetu no bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesuṃ – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ parivesanā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena . Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –
“无论在哪一个地方,贤智之人设立住处,”
在那里供养了那些具足戒行、自制且梵行的修行者。
那里有的那些天神,他应向他们作施舍;
受到供养的她们供养他,受到尊敬的她们尊敬他。
“之后,他们会悲悯他,犹如母亲悲悯自己的亲生子;
为诸天神所悲愍的人,常得见诸吉祥。”
‘‘Yasmiṃ padese kappeti, vāsaṃ paṇḍitajātiyo; Sīlavantettha bhojetvā, saññate brahmacārayo . ‘‘Yā tattha devatā āsuṃ, tāsaṃ dakkhiṇamādise; Tā pūjitā pūjayanti, mānitā mānayanti naṃ. ‘‘Tato naṃ anukampanti, mātā puttaṃva orasaṃ; Devatānukampito poso, sadā bhadrāni passatī’’ti.
那时,世尊以这些偈颂随喜孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉摩揭陀大臣后,从座位起身离开。那时,孙尼达与瓦萨咖拉摩揭陀大臣跟随着世尊,心想:“今日沙门乔达摩从哪个门出去,那个门就将叫作乔达摩门;他从哪个渡口渡过恒河,那个渡口就将叫作乔达摩渡口。”那时,世尊从那个门出去,那个门就成了乔达摩门。那时,世尊前往恒河。那时,恒河水满堤平,乌鸦可饮。人们有的寻找船,有的寻找筏,有的绑木筏,想要从此岸到彼岸。世尊看见那些人们——有的寻找船,有的寻找筏,有的绑木筏,想要从此岸到彼岸——看见之后,就像强壮的男子伸直弯曲的手臂,或弯曲伸直的手臂那样,就在恒河此岸隐没,与比丘僧团一起出现在彼岸。那时,世尊知道了这件事,在那时发出这样的感叹:
Atha kho bhagavā sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti, ‘‘yenajja samaṇo gotamo dvārena nikkhamissati, taṃ gotamadvāraṃ nāma bhavissati ; yena titthena gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ uttarissati, taṃ gotamatitthaṃ nāma bhavissatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yena dvārena nikkhami, taṃ gotamadvāraṃ nāma ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā yena gaṅgā nadī tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena gaṅgā nadī pūrā hoti samatittikā kākapeyyā. Manussā aññe nāvaṃ pariyesanti , aññe uḷumpaṃ pariyesanti, aññe kullaṃ bandhanti orā pāraṃ gantukāmā. Addasā kho bhagavā te manusse aññe nāvaṃ pariyesante, aññe uḷumpaṃ pariyesante, aññe kullaṃ bandhante orā pāraṃ gantukāme, disvāna seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva kho gaṅgāya nadiyā orimatīre antarahito pārimatīre paccuṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
“那些渡过海洋湖泊的人;
造桥而放弃池塘;
因为人们绑木筏,
有智慧的人们已度脱。”
‘‘Ye taranti aṇṇavaṃ saraṃ; Setuṃ katvāna visajja pallalāni; Kullañhi jano bandhati; Tiṇṇā medhāvino janā’’ti.
175. 国帝村谛论
175. Koṭigāme saccakathā
287那时,世尊朝着拘提村的方向走去。到了那里,世尊就住在拘提村里。那时,世尊对在场的诸比丘说:“诸比丘啊,由于对四圣谛没有真正通晓、没有彻底洞彻,我和你们才会在这么长的时间里,一直轮回流转、不断轮回。是哪些四圣谛呢?诸比丘,由于对苦圣谛没有真正通晓、没有彻底洞彻,我和你们才会在这么长的时间里,一直轮回流转、不断轮回。由于对苦集圣谛……对苦灭圣谛……对通往苦灭之道圣谛没有真正通晓、没有彻底洞彻,我和你们才会在这么长的时间里,一直轮回流转、不断轮回。而现在,诸比丘,这苦圣谛已经被通晓、被洞彻了,苦集圣谛已经被通晓、被洞彻了,苦灭圣谛已经被通晓、被洞彻了,通往苦灭之道圣谛已经被通晓、被洞彻了,对再生的渴爱已经被断除,再生的引导因已经耗尽,如今不会再有再生了。”
Atha kho bhagavā yena koṭigāmo tenupasaṅkami. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā koṭigāme viharati. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Dukkhassa, bhikkhave, ariyasaccassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa…pe… dukkhanirodhassa ariyasaccassa…pe… dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ariyasaccassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, ucchinnā bhavataṇhā, khīṇā bhavanetti, natthidāni punabbhavo’’ti.
由于未能如实照见四圣谛,
便在这漫长的时光里,一次次地受生种种生命形态,流转不已。
这些(四圣谛)如今已被洞悉,再生的引导因已被彻底拔除;
痛苦的根源已被斩断,如今再没有新的再生了。
Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ, yathābhūtaṃ adassanā; Saṃsitaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, tāsu tāsveva jātisu. Tāni etāni diṭṭhāni, bhavanetti samūhatā; Ucchinnaṃ mūlaṃ dukkhassa, natthidāni punabbhavoti.
176. 庵婆婆利事
176. Ambapālīvatthu
288妓女庵婆婆利听说世尊到了拘提村。于是,她吩咐备好一辆又一辆华贵的车乘,登上一辆又一辆华贵的车,乘着这些华贵的车,从毗舍离城出发前去拜见世尊。车乘所能行到的地面,她都乘车过去;走完了车程便下车,步行到世尊那里。走到近前,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊以法语教示、劝导、激励、使感到欣喜地开示了坐在一旁的庵婆婆利。当时,经世尊以法语教示、劝导、激励、令心生欢喜后,庵婆婆利便对世尊说:“尊者,愿世尊和比丘僧团一起,接受我明天的供食。”世尊静静地接受了邀请。了知世尊已接受邀请后,庵婆婆利从座位起身,顶礼世尊,右绕礼敬后便离去了。
Assosi kho ambapālī gaṇikā – bhagavā kira koṭigāmaṃ anuppattoti. Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi vesāliyā niyyāsi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā, pattikāva yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho ambapāliṃ gaṇikaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
177. 离车族事
177. Licchavīvatthu
289那些毗舍离的离车族听说世尊到了拘提村。于是,这些离车族也吩咐备好一辆又一辆华贵的车乘,登上一辆又一辆华贵的车,乘着这些华贵的车,从毗舍离城出发前去拜见世尊。离车族当中,有的身穿蓝色,呈现蓝色外貌,披着蓝衣,佩戴蓝色装饰;有的身穿黄色,呈现黄色外貌,披着黄衣,佩戴黄色装饰;有的身穿红色,呈现红色外貌,披着红衣,佩戴红色装饰;有的身穿白色,呈现白色外貌,披着白衣,佩戴白色装饰。而那时,妓女庵婆婆利的车,与那些年轻的离车族的车,车辕碰着车辕,车轭碰着车轭,车轮碰着车轮,车轴碰着车轴,交错刮蹭在一起。于是,那些离车族对庵婆婆利说:“喂,庵婆婆利,你干嘛跟我们这些年轻的离车族车辕碰车辕、车轭碰车轭、车轮碰车轮、车轴碰车轴地刮蹭啊?”她回答道:“各位少爷,因为我已经邀请了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,明天接受我的供食。”离车族说:“喂,庵婆婆利,把这次供食让给我们,我们给你十万钱。”她说:“各位少爷,就算你们把整个毗舍离城连同食物都给我,我也不会让出那餐饭的。”听了这话,那些离车族拍着手指,感叹地说:“哎呀,我们真的被那个庵婆婆利赢了,我们真的输给了那个庵婆婆利啊。”于是,那些离车族来到世尊所在的地方。世尊远远地看到他们正走过来,便对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,如果你们有谁还没见过三十三天的诸天神,就仔细观察这离车族的集会吧;好好端详这离车族的集会;把这离车族集会想象成三十三天集会来看待吧。”那时,那些离车族乘车到了车能行到的地面边缘,便下车,步行到世尊那里。走到近前,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊以法语教示、劝导、激励、使感到欣喜地开示了坐在一旁的离车族。经世尊以法语教示、劝导、激励、令心生欢喜后,这些离车族对世尊说:“尊者,愿世尊和比丘僧团一起,接受我们明天的供食。”世尊回答:“离车族,我已经接受了妓女庵婆婆利明天的供食了。”听了这个,那些离车族又拍着手说:“哎呀,我们真的被那个庵婆婆利赢了,我们真的输给了那个庵婆婆利啊。”于是,那些离车族心生欢喜,随喜赞叹了世尊的开示后,从座位起身,顶礼世尊,右绕礼敬后便离去了。
Assosuṃ kho vesālikā licchavī – bhagavā kira koṭigāmaṃ anuppattoti. Atha kho vesālikā licchavī bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi vesāliyā niyyāsuṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Appekacce licchavī nīlā honti nīlavaṇṇā nīlavatthā nīlālaṅkārā, appekacce licchavī pītā honti pītavaṇṇā pītavatthā pītālaṅkārā, appekacce licchavī lohitā honti lohitavaṇṇā lohitavatthā lohitālaṅkārā, appekacce licchavī odātā honti odātavaṇṇā odātavatthā odātālaṅkārā. Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā daharānaṃ daharānaṃ licchavīnaṃ īsāya īsaṃ yugena yugaṃ cakkena cakkaṃ akkhena akkhaṃ paṭivaṭṭesi . Atha kho te licchavī ambapāliṃ gaṇikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa, je ambapāli, daharānaṃ daharānaṃ licchavīnaṃ īsāya īsaṃ yugena yugaṃ cakkena cakkaṃ akkhena akkhaṃ paṭivaṭṭesī’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana mayā, ayyaputtā, svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito’’ti. ‘‘Dehi, je ambapāli, amhākaṃ etaṃ bhattaṃ satasahassenā’’ti. ‘‘Sacepi me, ayyaputtā, vesāliṃ sāhāraṃ dajjeyyātha, neva dajjāhaṃ taṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho te licchavī aṅguliṃ phoṭesuṃ – ‘‘jitamhā vata, bho, ambakāya, parājitamha vata, bho, ambakāyā’’ti. Atha kho te licchavī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho bhagavā te licchavī dūratova āgacchante, disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘yehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi devā tāvatiṃsā adiṭṭhapubbā, oloketha, bhikkhave, licchavīparisaṃ; apaloketha, bhikkhave, licchavīparisaṃ; upasaṃharatha, bhikkhave, licchavīparisaṃ tāvatiṃsaparisa’’nti. Atha kho te licchavī yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikāva yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te licchavī bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho te licchavī, bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. ‘‘Adhivuṭṭhomhi, licchavī, svātanāya ambapāliyā gaṇikāya bhatta’’nti. Atha kho te licchavī aṅguliṃ phoṭesuṃ – ‘‘jitamha vata, bho, ambakāya, parājitamha vata , bho, ambakāyā’’ti. Atha kho te licchavī bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
那时,世尊在拘提村随心住了一段时间后,便前往那提咖。在那里,世尊就住在那提咖的砖瓦堂中。那时,妓女庵婆婆利在那夜过后,在自己的园林里准备了上等的嚼食和啖食,然后让人去告诉世尊:“尊师,时间到了,食物已经准备好了。”那时,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵和上衣,前往妓女庵婆婆利供食的地方。到了以后,就在铺设好的座位上,和比丘僧团一起坐下。那时,妓女庵婆婆利亲手用上等的嚼食和啖食,令以佛陀为首的比丘僧团满意、饱足。见到世尊吃完、手已离钵,她便坐在一边。坐在一边后,妓女庵婆婆利对世尊这样说:“尊师,我把这个芒果园布施给以佛陀为首的比丘僧团。”世尊接受了这座园林。接着,世尊用佛法开示教导、鼓舞、激励、令妓女庵婆婆利欢喜后,便从座位起身,前往大林。在那里,世尊就住在毗舍离城大林中的重阁讲堂。
Atha kho bhagavā koṭigāme yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena nātikā tenupasaṅkami. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā tassā rattiyā accayena sake ārāme paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena ambapāliyā gaṇikāya parivesanā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena . Atha kho ambapālī gaṇikā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho ambapālī gaṇikā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imāhaṃ, bhante, ambavanaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dammī’’ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā ārāmaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā ambapāliṃ gaṇikaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena mahāvanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ.
178. 狮子将军事
178. Sīhasenāpativatthu
290那时,许多显赫有名的离车族,聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。那时,尼乾子的弟子狮子将军也坐在那个集会中。这时,狮子将军心里想:“毫无疑问,那位世尊必定是阿拉汉、正自觉者!因为这么多显赫有名的离车族,聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。我何不去拜访那位世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者呢?”于是,狮子将军去拜访尼乾子·若提子。到了之后,对尼乾子·若提子这样说:“尊师,我想去拜访沙门乔达摩。”尼乾子说:“狮子啊,你一个主张‘有作用’的人,为什么要去拜访主张‘无作用’的沙门乔达摩呢?狮子啊,沙门乔达摩是个‘无作用论者’,他教导‘无作用’的法,并用这个来训导弟子。”那时,狮子将军心中原本生起要去见世尊的念头,就这样打消了。第二次,许多显赫有名的离车族,又聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。狮子将军第二次心想:“毫无疑问,那位世尊必定是阿拉汉、正自觉者!因为这么多显赫有名的离车族,聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。我何不去拜访那位世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者呢?”于是,狮子将军第二次去拜访尼乾子·若提子。到了之后,对尼乾子·若提子这样说:“尊师,我想去拜访沙门乔达摩。”尼乾子说:“狮子啊,你一个主张‘有作用’的人,为什么要去拜访主张‘无作用’的沙门乔达摩呢?狮子啊,沙门乔达摩是个‘无作用论者’,他教导‘无作用’的法,并用这个来训导弟子。”狮子将军心中要去见世尊的念头,第二次又打消了。第三次,许多显赫有名的离车族,又聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。狮子将军第三次心想:“毫无疑问,那位世尊必定是阿拉汉、正自觉者!因为这么多显赫有名的离车族,聚集在议事厅里坐着,用种种方式称赞佛陀、称赞法、称赞僧。这些尼乾子们,我告知他们也罢,不告知他们也罢,他们能对我做什么呢?我何不干脆不去告知那些尼乾子,就直接去拜访那位世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者呢?”
Tena kho pana samayena abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī sandhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Tena kho pana samayena sīho senāpati nigaṇṭhasāvako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho sīhassa senāpatissa etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhavissati, tathā hime abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī santhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti. Atha kho sīho senāpati yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, sīha, kiriyavādo samāno akiriyavādaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissasi? Samaṇo hi, sīha, gotamo akiriyavādo akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’’ti. Atha kho sīhassa senāpatissa yo ahosi gamikābhisaṅkhāro bhagavantaṃ dassanāya, so paṭippassambhi. Dutiyampi kho abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī sandhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyānena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Dutiyampi kho sīhassa senāpatissa etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhavissati, tathā hime abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī sandhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti. Dutiyampi kho sīho senāpati yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, sīha, kiriyavādo samāno akiriyavādaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissasi? Samaṇo hi, sīha, gotamo akiriyavādo akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti , tena ca sāvake vinetī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho sīhassa senāpatissa yo ahosi gamikābhisaṅkhāro bhagavantaṃ dassanāya, so paṭippassambhi. Tatiyampi kho abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī sandhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Tatiyampi kho sīhassa senāpatissa etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhavissati, tathā hime abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī sandhāgāre sannisinnā sannipatitā anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti. Kiñhi me karissanti nigaṇṭhā apalokitā vā anapalokitā vā? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ anapaloketvāva nigaṇṭhe taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha’’nti.
那时,狮子将军就在大白天,带着五百辆车,从毗舍离城出发去见世尊。车子能走的地方,他就坐车走;过了车能走的地界,他便下车,徒步走到世尊那里。到了之后,他顶礼世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的狮子将军对世尊这样说:“尊师,我听说过这样的话:‘沙门乔达摩是个“无作用论者”,他教导“无作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’尊师,那些这样说的人——‘沙门乔达摩是个“无作用论者”,他教导“无作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子’——他们说的是世尊您实际所教导的吗?他们没有用不实的话来诽谤世尊吗?他们是依法、随法而解说的吗?还有,会不会有任何如法而顺法的议论,落到应受呵责的地步呢?尊师,我们并不想曲解世尊啊。”
Atha kho sīho senāpati pañcahi rathasatehi divā divassa vesāliyā niyyāsi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sīho senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ me taṃ, bhante, ‘akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’ti. Ye te, bhante, evamāhaṃsu ‘akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’ti. Kacci te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavanta’’nti.
291“狮子,有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确地描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“无作用论者”,他教导“无作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“有作用论者”,他教导“有作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“断灭论者”,他教导“断灭”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“厌弃者”,他教导“厌弃”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“调伏者”,他教导“调伏”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“苦行者”,他教导“苦行”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“离胎者”,他教导“离胎”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’狮子,也有一种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“得安稳者”,他教导“安稳”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’
‘‘Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – kiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo kiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ucchedavādo samaṇo gotamo ucchedāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – jegucchī samaṇo gotamo, jegucchitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – venayiko samaṇo gotamo, vinayāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – tapassī samaṇo gotamo, tapassitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – apagabbho samaṇo gotamo, apagabbhatāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti. Atthi, sīha , pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – assattho samaṇo gotamo, assāsāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
292“狮子,是哪种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“无作用论者”,他教导“无作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子’呢?狮子,因为我宣说不应做身恶行、不应做语恶行、不应做意恶行;我宣说种种恶、不善法的不应做。狮子,正是这个角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“无作用论者”,他教导“无作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti , tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, akiriyaṃ vadāmi kāyaduccaritassa vacīduccaritassa manoduccaritassa; anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ akiriyaṃ vadāmi. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo , yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
“狮子,是哪种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“有作用论者”,他教导“有作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子’呢?狮子,因为我宣说应做身善行、应做语善行、应做意善行;我宣说种种善法的应做。狮子,正是这个角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“有作用论者”,他教导“有作用”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – kiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, kiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, kiriyaṃ vadāmi kāyasucaritassa vacīsucaritassa manosucaritassa, anekavihitānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ kiriyaṃ vadāmi. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – kiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo, kiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
“狮子,是哪种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“断灭论者”,他教导“断灭”的法,并用这个来训导弟子’呢?狮子,因为我宣说贪欲的断灭、嗔恚的断灭、愚痴的断灭;我宣说种种恶、不善法的断灭。狮子,正是这个角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“断灭论者”,他教导“断灭”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ucchedavādo samaṇo gotamo, ucchedāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, ucchedaṃ vadāmi rāgassa dosassa mohassa; anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ucchedaṃ vadāmi. Ayaṃ kho , sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ucchedavādo samaṇo gotamo ucchedāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
“狮子,是哪种角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“厌弃者”,他教导“厌弃”的法,并用这个来训导弟子’呢?狮子,因为我厌弃身恶行、厌弃语恶行、厌弃意恶行;我厌弃成就种种恶、不善法的状态。狮子,正是这个角度,从这种角度出发,正确描述我的人可以这样说:‘沙门乔达摩是个“厌弃者”,他教导“厌弃”的法,并用这个来训导弟子。’”
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – jegucchī samaṇo gotamo, jegucchitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, jigucchāmi kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena; anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā jigucchāmi. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – jegucchī samaṇo gotamo, jegucchitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
狮子啊,从哪个角度来说,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是调伏者,他为了调伏而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们”呢?狮子啊,我确实是为了调伏贪欲、嗔恚、愚痴而说法;是为了调伏种种不善的、罪恶的法而说法。狮子啊,正是从这个角度,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是调伏者,他为了调伏而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们。”
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – venayiko samaṇo gotamo, vinayāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, vinayāya dhammaṃ desemi rāgassa dosassa mohassa; anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vinayāya dhammaṃ desemi. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – venayiko samaṇo gotamo, vinayāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
狮子啊,又从哪个角度来说,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是苦行者,他为了苦行而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们”呢?狮子啊,我说那些应当被烧灼的、罪恶不善的法——即身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。狮子啊,如果一个人的那些应当被烧灼的、罪恶不善的法已经被断除,连根拔起,如同截顶的多罗树,归于灭无,未来不再生起,那我就称他为苦行者。狮子啊,如来那些应当被烧灼的、罪恶不善的法,确实已经被断除了,连根拔起,如同截顶的多罗树,归于灭无,未来不再生起。狮子啊,正是从这个角度,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是苦行者,他为了苦行而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们。”
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – tapassī samaṇo gotamo, tapassitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Tapanīyāhaṃ, sīha, pāpake akusale dhamme vadāmi – kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ. Yassa kho, sīha, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, tamahaṃ tapassīti vadāmi. Tathāgatassa kho, sīha, tapanīyā pāpakā akusalā dhammā pahīnā ucchīnnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya ‘‘tapassī samaṇo gotamo tapassitāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’’ti.
狮子啊,又从哪个角度来说,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是‘离胎藏者’,他为了‘离胎藏’而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们”呢?狮子啊,如果一个人未来的投胎入胎、再有再生,已经被断除了,连根拔起,如同截顶的多罗树,归于灭无,未来不再生起,那我就称他为离胎藏者。狮子啊,如来未来的投胎入胎、再有再生,确实已经被断除了,连根拔起,如同截顶的多罗树,归于灭无,未来不再生起。狮子啊,正是从这个角度,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是‘离胎藏者’,他为了‘离胎藏’而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们。”
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – apagabbho samaṇo gotamo apagabbhatāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Yassa kho, sīha, āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā punabbhavābhinibbatti pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, tamahaṃ apagabbhoti vadāmi. Tathāgatassa kho, sīha, āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā punabbhavābhinibbatti pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – apagabbho samaṇo gotamo, apagabbhatāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti.
狮子啊,又从哪个角度来说,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是得安稳者,他为了得到安稳而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们”呢?狮子啊,我确实是得到了最上的安稳而得安稳者,我为了得到安稳而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们。狮子啊,正是从这个角度,一个人可以正确地评价我,说:“沙门乔达摩是得安稳者,他为了得到安稳而说法,并且以此来教导弟子们。”
‘‘Katamo ca, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – assattho samaṇo gotamo assāsāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetīti? Ahañhi, sīha, assattho paramena assāsena, assāsāya dhammaṃ desemi, tena ca sāvake vinemi. Ayaṃ kho, sīha, pariyāyo, yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya – assattho samaṇo gotamo assāsāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’’ti.
293听了这话,狮子将军对世尊说:“太好了,尊者!…… 请世尊接受我为在家弟子,从今日起,直到生命结束,我都皈依。” 世尊说:“狮子啊,你要仔细观察后再做决定。像你这样有名望、为人所知的人,仔细观察后再做决定是好的。” 狮子将军说:“尊者,世尊这样对我说:‘狮子啊,你要仔细观察后再做决定……’,这让我对世尊更加满意、更加欢喜了。尊者,因为其他外道,若是得到了我做弟子,怕是要在全毗舍离城张挂旗帜宣传:‘狮子将军皈依我们了!’可世尊却这样对我说:‘你要仔细观察后再做决定……’ 尊者,这第二遍,我皈依世尊、法和比丘僧团。请世尊接受我为在家弟子,从今日起,直到生命结束,我都皈依。” 世尊说:“狮子啊,你的家族长久以来是尼乾子们的供养来源,所以当他们到来时,你应当记得要给他们食物。” 狮子将军说:“尊者,世尊这样对我说:‘狮子啊,你的家族长久以来是尼乾子们的供养来源……’,这让我对世尊更加满意、更加欢喜了。尊者,我曾听说:‘沙门乔达摩这样说:只应供养我,不应供养他人;只应供养我的弟子,不应供养其他人的弟子;只有供养我才有大果报,供养他人没有大果报;只有供养我的弟子才有大果报,供养其他人的弟子没有大果报。’可是,世尊却鼓励我供养尼乾子们。不过,尊者,我们会知道何时该做这些事的。这第三遍,我皈依世尊、法和比丘僧团。请世尊接受我为在家弟子,从今日起,直到生命结束,我都皈依。”
Evaṃ vutte sīho senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. ‘‘Anuviccakāraṃ kho, sīha, karohi; anuviccakāro tumhādisānaṃ ñātamanussānaṃ sādhu hotī’’ti. ‘‘Imināpāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato bhiyyosomattāya attamano abhiraddho, yaṃ maṃ bhagavā evamāha – ‘anuviccakāraṃ kho, sīha, karohi; anuviccakāro tumhādisānaṃ ñātamanussānaṃ sādhu hotī’ti. Mamañhi, bhante, aññatitthiyā sāvakaṃ labhitvā kevalakappaṃ vesāliṃ paṭākaṃ parihareyyuṃ – ‘sīho kho amhākaṃ senāpati sāvakattaṃ upagato’ti. Atha ca pana maṃ bhagavā evamāha – ‘anuviccakāraṃ kho, sīha, karohi; anuviccakāro tumhādisānaṃ ñātamanussānaṃ sādhu hotī’ti. Esāhaṃ, bhante, dutiyampi bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. ‘‘Dīgharattaṃ kho te, sīha, nigaṇṭhānaṃ opānabhūtaṃ kulaṃ, yena nesaṃ upagatānaṃ piṇḍakaṃ dātabbaṃ maññeyyāsī’’ti. ‘‘Imināpāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato bhiyyosomattāya attamano abhiraddho, yaṃ maṃ bhagavā evamāha – ‘dīgharattaṃ kho te, sīha, nigaṇṭhānaṃ opānabhūtaṃ kulaṃ, yena nesaṃ upagatānaṃ piṇḍakaṃ dātabbaṃ maññeyyāsī’ti. Sutaṃ me taṃ, bhante, samaṇo gotamo evamāha – ‘mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na aññesaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ; mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na aññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dānaṃ dātabbaṃ ; mayhameva dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, na aññesaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ; mayhameva sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, na aññesaṃ sāvakānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphala’nti. Atha ca pana maṃ bhagavā nigaṇṭhesupi dāne samādapeti. Api ca, bhante, mayamettha kālaṃ jānissāma. Esāhaṃ, bhante, tatiyampi bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
那时,世尊为狮子将军次第说法,比如:布施的论说…… 他对于师长的教法,已生起了没有疑惑的信心,于是对世尊说:“尊者,请世尊和比丘僧团明天接受我的饭食供养。” 世尊沉默地接受了。狮子将军知道世尊接受了,就从座位起身,向世尊行礼,右转绕行后离开了。
Atha kho bhagavā sīhassa senāpatissa anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ…pe… aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho sīho senāpati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
294那时,狮子将军吩咐一个人说:“伙计,你去,找找看有没有自然死掉的肉。” 那天夜晚过后,狮子将军让人准备了丰盛的食物,然后派人去通知世尊时间:“尊者,是时候了,饭食准备好了。” 那时,世尊在上午,穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,往狮子将军的住处走去。到达后,和比丘僧团一起在准备好的座位上坐下。
Atha kho sīho senāpati aññataraṃ purisaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, pavattamaṃsaṃ jānāhī’’ti. Atha kho sīho senāpati tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sīhassa senāpatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena.
就在那时,许多尼乾子在毗舍离城里,走街串巷,在十字路口挥舞着手臂哭喊说:“今日,狮子将军杀了一头大牲口,为沙门乔达摩准备了饭食!那个沙门乔达摩,明知这是为他而杀的肉,还故意吃下去,这行为是他主导的!” 那时,有一个人来到狮子将军那里,凑近他的耳边报告说:“大人,您知道吗,那些尼乾子正在到处哭喊:‘今日狮子将军杀了大牲口为沙门乔达摩备饭,沙门乔达摩明知是专为他杀的肉还故意吃。’” 狮子将军说:“够了,朋友!那些长老们,长久以来就希望佛陀被诽谤,希望法被诽谤,希望僧团被诽谤。但那些长老们从不厌倦用虚假、空洞、不实的谎言来诋毁世尊。我们即使为了活命,也绝不会故意夺取众生的生命。” 那时,狮子将军亲手用丰盛的食物,供奉以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使他们吃饱喝足。等到世尊吃完,放下钵,洗过手后,他就坐在一边。世尊对坐在一边的狮子将军,用佛法开示、劝导、鼓励、令其欢喜后,便从座位起身离开了。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘,在作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,不可以吃明知专为自己杀的肉。如果吃了,就犯恶作罪。诸比丘,我允许你们吃三种条件下清净的鱼和肉:没看见、没听说、不怀疑是专为自己杀的。”
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā nigaṇṭhā vesāliyaṃ rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ bāhā paggayha kandanti – ‘‘ajja sīhena senāpatinā thūlaṃ pasuṃ vadhitvā samaṇassa gotamassa bhattaṃ kataṃ, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭiccakamma’’nti. Atha kho aññataro puriso yena sīho senāpati tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā sīhassa senāpatissa upakaṇṇake ārocesi ‘‘yagghe, bhante, jāneyyāsi, ete sambahulā nigaṇṭhā vesāliyaṃ rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ bāhā paggayha kandanti – ‘ajja sīhena senāpatinā thūlaṃ pasuṃ vadhitvā samaṇassa gotamassa bhattaṃ kataṃ, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭiccakamma’’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ ayyo, dīgharattampi te āyasmantā avaṇṇakāmā buddhassa, avaṇṇakāmā dhammassa, avaṇṇakāmā saṅghassa; na ca pana te āyasmantā jiridanti taṃ bhagavantaṃ asatā tucchā musā abhūtena abbhācikkhantā; na ca mayaṃ jīvitahetupi sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropeyyāmā’’ti. Atha kho sīho senāpati buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho sīhaṃ senāpatiṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, jā naṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tikoṭiparisuddhaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ – adiṭṭhaṃ assutaṃ aparisaṅkita’’nti.
179. 允许净地
179. Kappiyabhūmianujānanā
295那时,毗舍离城食物充足,庄稼丰收,容易乞得团食,靠捡拾和接受供养就能过活。那时,世尊在独处静修时,心中生起这样的思惟:“那些我在饥荒、歉收、难以乞得团食时,为诸比丘开许的——内藏的、内煮的、自己煮的、拿起接受的食物、从那里取出的、食前接受的、林中的、池中的——这些食物,现在诸比丘还在受用吗?”那时,世尊在傍晚从静修处出来,对具寿阿难说:“阿难,那些我在饥荒、歉收、难以乞得团食时,为诸比丘开许的——内藏的、内煮的、自己煮的、拿起接受的食物、从那里取出的、食前接受的、林中的、池中的——这些食物,现在诸比丘还在受用吗?”“还在受用,世尊。”那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘,做了法的开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,那些我在饥荒、歉收、难以乞得团食时,为你们开许的——内藏的、内煮的、自己煮的、拿起接受的食物、从那里取出的、食前接受的、林中的、池中的——从今日起,我禁止这些。诸比丘,不应受用内藏的、内煮的、自己煮的、拿起接受的食物。如果受用,犯恶作。诸比丘,也不应在已食饱、已拒绝的情况下,受用从那里取出的、食前接受的、林中的、池中的非残食。如果受用,应按法处理。”
Tena kho pana samayena vesālī subhikkhā hoti susassā sulabhapiṇḍā, sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yāni tāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ anuññātāni dubbhikkhe dussasse dullabhapiṇḍe anto vuṭṭhaṃ anto pakkaṃ sāmaṃ pakkaṃ uggahitapaṭiggahitakaṃ tato nīhaṭaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ vanaṭṭhaṃ pokkharaṭṭhaṃ, ajjāpi nu kho tāni bhikkhū paribhuñjantī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘yāni tāni, ānanda, mayā bhikkhūnaṃ anuññātāni dubbhikkhe dussasse dullabhapiṇḍe anto vuṭṭhaṃ anto pakkaṃ sāmaṃ pakkaṃ uggahitapaṭiggahitakaṃ tato nīhaṭaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ vanaṭṭhaṃ pokkharaṭṭhaṃ, ajjāpi nu kho tāni bhikkhū paribhuñjantī’’ti? ‘‘Paribhuñjanti bhagavā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘yāni tāni, bhikkhave, mayā bhikkhūnaṃ anuññātāni dubbhikkhe dussasse dullabhapiṇḍe anto vuṭṭhaṃ anto pakkaṃ sāmaṃ pakkaṃ uggahitapaṭiggahitakaṃ tato nīhaṭaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ vanaṭṭhaṃ pokkharaṭṭhaṃ, tānāhaṃ ajjatagge paṭikkhipāmi. Na, bhikkhave, anto vuṭṭhaṃ anto pakkaṃ sāmaṃ pakkaṃ uggahitapaṭiggahitakaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Na ca, bhikkhave, tato nīhaṭaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ vanaṭṭhaṃ pokkharaṭṭhaṃ bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Yo paribhuñjeyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’’ti.
那时,乡下的人们把很多盐、油、米、嚼食装上车子,停在寺院外围的院门边,把车子转成一圈待着,心想:“等轮到我们的时候,我们就备办饭食。”这时,天上起了大乌云。于是,那些人来到具寿阿难那里,到了之后,对具寿阿难说:“阿难尊者,这里有很多盐、油、米、嚼食装在车子上停放着,天上的大乌云已经起来了。阿难尊者,我们该怎么办呢?”于是,具寿阿难把这件事禀告了世尊。“那样的话,阿难,僧团应当指定一个边远的寺院为净地,让食物放在那里。不管僧团想指定哪种——寺院也好、半圆屋也好、殿堂也好、楼阁也好、山洞也好。诸比丘,应该这样指定:应由一位能干、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:
Tena kho pana samayena jānapadā manussā bahuṃ loṇampi, telampi, taṇḍulampi, khādanīyampi sakaṭesu āropetvā bahārāmakoṭṭhake sakaṭaparivaṭṭaṃ karitvā acchanti – yadā paṭipāṭiṃ labhissāma, tadā bhattaṃ karissāmāti. Mahā ca megho uggato hoti. Atha kho te manussā yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante ānanda, bahuṃ loṇampi, telampi, taṇḍulampi, khādanīyampi sakaṭesu āropitā tiṭṭhanti, mahā ca megho uggato ; kathaṃ nu kho, bhante ānanda, paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Tena hānanda, saṅgho paccantimaṃ vihāraṃ kappiyabhūmiṃ sammannitvā tattha vāsetu, yaṃ saṅgho ākaṅkhati vihāraṃ vā aḍḍhayogaṃ vā pāsādaṃ vā hammiyaṃ vā guhaṃ vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者,请僧团听我说。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应指定某寺院为净地。这是动议。
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ kappiyabhūmiṃ sammanneyya, esā ñatti.
“尊者,请僧团听我说。僧团指定某寺院为净地。哪位具寿同意指定某寺院为净地,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ kappiyabhūmiṃ sammannati . Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa vihārassa kappiyabhūmiyā sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已指定某寺院为净地。僧团同意,因此保持沉默。我这样受持此事。”
‘‘Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo vihāro kappiyabhūmi. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,人们就在指定的净地里煮粥、烧饭、准备菜肴、剁肉、劈柴。世尊在后夜时分起身,听到高声、大声、像乌鸦般的嘈杂声。听了之后,对具寿阿难说:“阿难,那边那么高声、那么大声、像乌鸦般的嘈杂声,到底是什么回事?”“世尊,现在人们就在指定的净地里煮粥、烧饭、准备菜肴、剁肉、劈柴。世尊,这就是那高声、大声、像乌鸦般的嘈杂声。”那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘,做了法的开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,不应受用指定的净地。如果受用,犯恶作。诸比丘,我开许三种净地:宣告边净地、牛卧处净地、居士净地。”
Tena kho pana samayena manussā tattheva sammutiyā kappiyabhūmiyā yāguyo pacanti, bhattāni pacanti, sūpāni sampādenti, maṃsāni koṭṭenti, kaṭṭhāni phālenti. Assosi kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya uccāsaddaṃ mahāsaddaṃ kākoravasaddaṃ, sutvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so, ānanda, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo kākoravasaddo’’ti? ‘‘Etarahi, bhante, manussā tattheva sammutiyā kappiyabhūmiyā yāguyo pacanti, bhattāni pacanti, sūpāni sampādenti, maṃsāni koṭṭenti, kaṭṭhāni phālenti. So eso, bhagavā, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo kākoravasaddo’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, sammuti kappiyabhūmi paribhuñjitabbā. Yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tisso kappiyabhūmiyo – ussāvanantikaṃ gonisādikaṃ gahapati’’nti.
那时,具寿亚索阇生病了。为了他,人们带来了药物。诸比丘把药存放在外面。虫鼠来吃,盗贼也偷走。他们把这件事禀告了世尊。“诸比丘,我开许受用指定的净地。诸比丘,我开许四种净地:宣告边净地、牛卧处净地、居士净地、僧团指定的净地。”
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā yasojo gilāno hoti. Tassatthāya bhesajjāni āhariyanti. Tāni bhikkhū bahi vāsenti. Ukkapiṇḍikāpi khādanti, corāpi haranti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi , bhikkhave, sammutiṃ kappiyabhūmiṃ paribhuñjituṃ . Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catasso kappiyabhūmiyo – ussāvanantikaṃ gonisādikaṃ gahapatiṃ sammutinti.
180. 面达咖居士事
180. Meṇḍakagahapativatthu
296那时,在跋提城中住着一位名叫面达咖的居士。他有这样的神通威力:洗完头后,让人清扫谷仓,然后坐在门外,谷物便从空中像水流般落下,把谷仓装满。他的妻子有这样的神通威力:她只靠近一口容量一阿罗哈的锅和一个汤菜碗坐着,就能用饭食招待奴仆和工人,只要她不站起来,食物就不会耗尽。他的儿子有这样的神通威力:他只拿一个千钱袋,就能给奴仆和工人发放六个月的工钱,只要那钱袋还在他手里,钱就不会耗尽。他的媳妇有这样的神通威力:她只靠近一个容量四斗的篮子坐着,就能给奴仆和工人发放六个月的粮食,只要她不站起来,粮食就不会耗尽。他的奴隶有这样的神通威力:用一张犁耕地,能犁出七道犁沟。
Tena kho pana samayena bhaddiyanagare meṇḍako gahapati paṭivasati. Tassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo hoti – sīsaṃ nahāyitvā dhaññāgāraṃ sammajjāpetvā bahidvāre nisīdati, antalikkhā dhaññassa dhārā opatitvā dhaññāgāraṃ pūreti. Bhariyāya evarūpo iddhānubhāvo hoti – ekaṃyeva āḷhakathālikaṃ upanisīditvā ekañca sūpabhiñjanakaṃ dāsakammakaraporisaṃ bhattena parivisati, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. Puttassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo hoti – ekaṃyeva sahassathavikaṃ gahetvā dāsakammakaraporisassa chamāsikaṃ vetanaṃ deti, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāvassa hatthagatā. Suṇisāya evarūpo iddhānubhāvo hoti – ekaṃyeva catudoṇikaṃ piṭakaṃ upanisīditvā dāsakammakaraporisassa chamāsikaṃ bhattaṃ deti, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. Dāsassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo hoti – ekena naṅgalena kasantassa satta sītāyo gacchanti.
摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王听说:“听说在我们的国土上,跋提城住着一位名叫面达咖的居士。他有这样的神通威力:洗完头,让人打扫谷仓,坐在门外,谷物就从天空像雨一样落下来,把谷仓装满。他的妻子有这样的神通威力:只需坐在一锅饭和一碟菜旁边,就能给奴仆和工人分发食物,只要她不站起来,食物就不会减少。他的儿子有这样的神通威力:只拿着一千个钱袋,就能给奴仆和工人发六个月的工钱,只要钱袋还在他手里,钱就不会减少。他的媳妇有这样的神通威力:只需坐在一个四斗的篮子旁边,就能给奴仆和工人发六个月的食物,只要她不站起来,食物就不会减少。他的奴仆有这样的神通威力:用一张犁耕地,就能犁出七条犁沟。”于是,摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王召来一位全权大臣,说:“喂,听说在我们的国土上,跋提城住着一位名叫面达咖的居士。他有这样的神通威力……(重复上述内容)去,喂,你去看个究竟。就像我亲眼所见一样,你也要亲眼看到。”
Assosi kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro – ‘‘amhākaṃ kira vijite bhaddiyanagare meṇḍako gahapati paṭivasati. Tassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – sīsaṃ nahāyitvā dhaññāgāraṃ sammajjāpetvā bahidvāre nisīdati, antalikkhā dhaññassa dhārā opatitvā dhaññāgāraṃ pūreti. Bhariyāya evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – ekaṃyeva āḷhakathālikaṃ upanisīditvā ekañca sūpabhiñjanakaṃ dāsakammakaraporisaṃ bhattena parivisati, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. Puttassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – ekaṃyeva sahassathavikaṃ gahetvā dāsakammakaraporisassa chamāsikaṃ vetanaṃ deti, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāvassa hatthagatā. Suṇisāya evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – ekaṃyeva catudoṇikaṃ piṭakaṃ upanisīditvā dāsakammakaraporisassa chamāsikaṃ bhattaṃ deti, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. Dāsassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – ekena naṅgalena kasantassa satta sītāyo gacchantī’’ti. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro aññataraṃ sabbatthakaṃ mahāmattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘amhākaṃ kira, bhaṇe, vijite bhaddiyanagare meṇḍako gahapati paṭivasati. Tassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo – sīsaṃ nahāyitvā dhaññāgāraṃ sammajjāpetvā bahidvāre nisīdati, antalikkhā dhaññassa dhārā opatitvā dhaññāgāraṃ pūreti. Bhariyāya…pe… puttassa… suṇisāya… dāsassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo, ekena naṅgalena kasantassa satta sītāyo gacchantīti. Gaccha, bhaṇe, jānāhi. Yathā mayā sāmaṃ diṭṭho, evaṃ tava diṭṭho bhavissatī’’ti.
297那位大臣回答摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王说:“是的,陛下。”然后便率领四兵组成的军队向跋提城进发。他一路前行,到了跋提城,到了面达咖居士那里。到了之后,他对面达咖居士说:“居士,我是奉国王之命而来的。国王说:‘听说在我们的国土上,跋提城住着一位名叫面达咖的居士,他有这样的神通威力……去,喂,你去看个究竟。就像我亲眼所见一样,你也要亲眼看到。’居士,请让我们看看你的神通威力吧。”于是,面达咖居士洗完头,让人打扫谷仓,坐在门外,谷物就从天空像雨一样落下来,把谷仓装满了。“居士,你的神通威力已经看到了。我们想看看你妻子的神通威力。”于是,面达咖居士吩咐他的妻子:“那么,你就用食物款待这四兵组成的军队吧。”于是,面达咖居士的妻子只坐在一锅饭和一碟菜旁边,就给四兵组成的军队分发食物,只要她不站起来,食物就不会减少。“居士,你妻子的神通威力也看到了。我们想看看你儿子的神通威力。”于是,面达咖居士吩咐他儿子:“那么,你就给这四兵组成的军队发六个月的工钱吧。”于是,面达咖居士的儿子只拿着一个千钱袋,就给四兵组成的军队发了六个月的工钱,只要钱袋还在他手里,钱就不会减少。“居士,你儿子的神通威力也看到了。我们想看看你媳妇的神通威力。”于是,面达咖居士吩咐他媳妇:“那么,你就给这四兵组成的军队发六个月的食物吧。”于是,面达咖居士的媳妇只坐在一个四斗的篮子旁边,就给四兵组成的军队发了六个月的食物,只要她不站起来,食物就不会减少。“居士,你媳妇的神通威力也看到了。我们想看看你奴仆的神通威力。”面达咖居士说:“主人,我奴仆的神通威力要在田里看。”大臣说:“够了,居士,你奴仆的神通威力也看到了。”于是,那位大臣又率领四兵组成的军队回到了王舍城。他去见摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王,到了之后,就把这件事禀告了国王。
Evaṃ , devāti kho so mahāmatto rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa paṭissuṇitvā caturaṅginiyā senāya yena bhaddiyaṃ tena pāyāsi. Anupubbena yena bhaddiyaṃ yena meṇḍako gahapati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañhi, gahapati, raññā āṇatto ‘amhākaṃ kira, bhaṇe, vijite bhaddiyanagare meṇḍako gahapati paṭivasati, tassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo, sīsaṃ nahāyitvā…pe… bhariyāya… puttassa… suṇisāya… dāsassa evarūpo iddhānubhāvo, ekena naṅgalena kasantassa satta sītāyo gacchantī’ti, gaccha, bhaṇe, jānāhi. Yathā mayā sāmaṃ diṭṭho, evaṃ tava diṭṭho bhavissatī’ti. Passāma te, gahapati, iddhānubhāva’’nti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati sīsaṃ nahāyitvā dhaññāgāraṃ sammajjāpetvā bahidvāre nisīdi, antalikkhā dhaññassa dhārā opatitvā dhaññāgāraṃ pūresi. ‘‘Diṭṭho te, gahapati, iddhānubhāvo. Bhariyāya te iddhānubhāvaṃ passissāmā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati bhariyaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ bhattena parivisā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa bhariyā ekaṃyeva āḷhakathālikaṃ upanisīditvā ekañca sūpabhiñjanakaṃ caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ bhattena parivisi, na tāva taṃ khiyyati, yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. ‘‘Diṭṭho te, gahapati, bhariyāyapi iddhānubhāvo. Puttassa te iddhānubhāvaṃ passissāmā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati puttaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi caturaṅginiyā senāya chamāsikaṃ vetanaṃ dehī’’ti . Atha kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa putto ekaṃyeva sahassathavikaṃ gahetvā caturaṅginiyā senāya chamāsikaṃ vetanaṃ adāsi, na tāva taṃ khiyyati, yāvassa hatthagatā. ‘‘Diṭṭho te, gahapati, puttassapi iddhānubhāvo. Suṇisāya te iddhānubhāvaṃ passissāmā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati suṇisaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi caturaṅginiyā senāya chamāsikaṃ bhattaṃ dehī’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa suṇisā ekaṃyeva catudoṇikaṃ piṭakaṃ upanisīditvā caturaṅginiyā senāya chamāsikaṃ bhattaṃ adāsi, na tāva taṃ khiyyati yāva sā na vuṭṭhāti. ‘‘Diṭṭho te, gahapati, suṇisāyapi iddhānubhāvo. Dāsassa te iddhānubhāvaṃ passissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Mayhaṃ kho, sāmi, dāsassa iddhānubhāvo khette passitabbo’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gahapati, diṭṭho te dāsassapi iddhānubhāvo’’ti. Atha kho so mahāmatto caturaṅginiyā senāya punadeva rājagahaṃ paccāgañchi. Yena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa etamatthaṃ ārocesi.
298那时,世尊在毗舍离随意住了一段时间后,便与一千二百五十位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,朝着跋提方向游化而行。世尊一路次第游化,到了跋提。在那里,世尊就住在跋提的薛荔林。面达咖居士听说:“那位沙门乔达摩,是释迦族的儿子,从释迦族出家,已经来到了跋提,正住在跋提的薛荔林。关于那位世尊乔达摩,流传着这样美好的声誉:‘那位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’他亲身证知并开示了这个有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界,这包含沙门婆罗门、天神和人类的众生。他宣说的法,开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾也是善的,意义和文句都完备圆满,完全清净,他开显的是梵行。能见到这样的阿拉汉,确实是件好事。”“于是,面达咖居士让人套上各种华美的车辆,亲自登上一辆华美的车,乘着华美的车辆从跋提城出发,去拜见世尊。许多外道修行者远远看见面达咖居士走来,看见后,对面达咖居士说:‘居士,你要去哪里?’他说:‘贤者们,我要去拜见那位沙门乔达摩。’他们说:‘居士,你本是持“有造作”论的人,为什么还要去拜见持“无造作”论的沙门乔达摩呢?居士,沙门乔达摩可是持“无造作”论的人,他宣说“无造作”的法,并用这个法来教导他的弟子。’那时,面达咖居士心想:‘这些外道修行人这么嫉妒,那这位世尊必定是真正的阿拉汉、正自觉者了,错不了。’他乘车到了车子能到的地方,便下车步行,来到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。世尊为坐在一边的面达咖居士次第说法,也就是布施论等等……他对世尊的教导生起了远离疑惑的净信,便对世尊说:‘太奇妙了,尊者!……请世尊接受我为近事男,从今日起,直到生命终结,我都皈依三宝。世尊,请您和比丘僧团一起,接受我明天供斋。’世尊以沉默表示应允。面达咖居士知道世尊应允了,便从座起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离开了。
Atha kho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena bhaddiyaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehi. Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena bhaddiyaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā bhaddiye viharati jātiyā vane. Assosi kho meṇḍako gahapati – ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito bhaddiyaṃ anuppatto bhaddiye viharati jātiyā vane. Taṃ kho pana bhagavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ . So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi bhaddiyā niyyāsi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Addasaṃsu kho sambahulā titthiyā meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kahaṃ tvaṃ, gahapati, gacchasī’’ti? ‘‘Gacchāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, gahapati, kiriyavādo samāno akiriyavādaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissasi? Samaṇo hi, gahapati, gotamo akiriyavādo akiriyāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena ca sāvake vinetī’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ, kho so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhavissati, yathayime titthiyā usūyantī’’ti. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ…pe… aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ . Adhivāsetu ca me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
那时,过了那夜,面达咖居士让人准备了丰盛的上等嚼食和啖食,然后派人去告知世尊时间:“尊者,时间到了,斋饭已经准备好了。”那时,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,前往面达咖居士的住处。到了之后,在准备好的座位上,与比丘僧团一起坐下。那时,面达咖居士的妻子、儿子、媳妇和奴仆都来到世尊那里,到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。世尊为他们次第说法,也就是布施论等等……他们对世尊的教导生起了远离疑惑的净信,便对世尊说:“太奇妙了,尊者!……我们皈依世尊、法和比丘僧团。请世尊接受我们为近事男、近事女,从今日起,直到生命终结,我们都皈依三宝。”那时,面达咖居士亲手用丰盛的上等嚼食和啖食,供奉并款待了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使他们完全满足。然后,在世尊吃完饭、从钵中收手之后,他坐到一边。坐在一边的面达咖居士对世尊说:“尊者,只要世尊还住在跋提,我就一直以固定饮食供养以佛陀为首的比丘僧团。”那时,世尊以法义开示教导、鼓励、激励面达咖居士,使他欢喜之后,从座起身,离开了。
Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena meṇḍakassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho meṇḍakassa gahapatissa bhariyā ca putto ca suṇisā ca dāso ca yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu , upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ…pe… aparappaccayā satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ete mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yāva, bhante, bhagavā bhaddiye viharati tāva ahaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dhuvabhattenā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
181. 允许五种美味等
181. Pañcagorasādianujānanā
299那时,世尊在跋提城随意住了一段时间后,没有向面达咖居士告别,便与一千二百五十位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,朝着鸯伽多罗波国方向游化而行。面达咖居士听说:“听说世尊已经与一千二百五十位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,朝着鸯伽多罗波国方向游化去了。”于是,面达咖居士吩咐他的奴仆和雇工们:“喂,你们把大量的盐、油、米和嚼食装上车,跟我来;再带上一千二百五十位牧牛人和一千二百五十头奶牛。我们在哪里见到世尊,就在哪里用新鲜的牛奶供养他。”后来,面达咖居士在荒野的中途遇上了世尊。面达咖居士来到世尊那里,到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一边。站在一边的面达咖居士对世尊说:“尊者,世尊,请您和比丘僧团一起,接受我明天供斋。”世尊以沉默表示应允。面达咖居士知道世尊应允了,便礼敬世尊,右绕之后离开了。
Atha kho bhagavā bhaddiye yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ anāpucchā yena aṅguttarāpo tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehi. Assosi kho meṇḍako gahapati – ‘‘bhagavā kira yena aṅguttarāpo tena cārikaṃ pakkanto mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehī’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati dāse ca kammakare ca āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhaṇe, bahuṃ loṇampi, telampi, taṇḍulampi, khādanīyampi sakaṭesu āropetvā āgacchatha, aḍḍhatelasāni ca gopālakasatāni aḍḍhatelasāni ca dhenusatāni ādāya āgacchantu, yattha bhagavantaṃ passissāma tattha taruṇena khīrena bhojessāmā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavantaṃ antarāmagge kantāre sambhāvesi. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
那时,过了那夜,面达咖居士让人准备了丰盛的上等嚼食和啖食,然后派人去告知世尊时间:“尊者,时间到了,斋饭已经准备好了。”那时,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,前往面达咖居士的供斋处。到了之后,在准备好的座位上,与比丘僧团一起坐下。那时,面达咖居士吩咐那一千二百五十位牧牛人说:“喂,你们一人牵一头奶牛,去伺候每一位比丘,我们要用新鲜的牛奶供养他们。”于是,面达咖居士亲手用丰盛的上等嚼食和啖食,以及新鲜的牛奶,供奉并款待了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使他们完全满足。诸比丘因为有所顾忌,不敢接受牛奶。世尊说:“接受吧,诸比丘,享用吧。”那时,面达咖居士又亲手用丰盛的上等嚼食和啖食,以及新鲜的牛奶,供奉并款待了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,使他们完全满足。世尊吃完饭、从钵中收手之后,面达咖居士就坐到一边。坐在一边的面达咖居士对世尊说:“尊者,有些路是荒野,缺水少食,不带干粮是很难走的。世尊,请您允许诸比丘准备干粮吧。”那时,世尊以法义开示教导、鼓励、激励面达咖居士,使他欢喜之后,从座起身,离开了。后来,世尊以此事为因缘、以此事为缘由,作了法义开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许五种乳品:奶、酪、酪浆、生酥、熟酥。诸比丘,有些路是荒野,缺水少食,不带干粮是很难走的。诸比丘,我允许为了准备干粮而寻取:需要米的人去寻取米,需要绿豆的人去寻取绿豆,需要乌豆的人去寻取乌豆,需要盐的人去寻取盐,需要糖的人去寻取糖,需要油的人去寻取油,需要熟酥的人去寻取熟酥。诸比丘,有些有信心、有净信的人们,会把钱财交给净人,说:‘用这些钱,给尊者们买那些如法的东西吧。’诸比丘,我允许你们接受由这钱买来的、如法得来的东西。但是,诸比丘,无论如何,我绝不说你们可以接受或寻求金银。”
Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena meṇḍakassa gahapatissa parivesanā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati aḍḍhatelasāni gopālakasatāni āṇāpesi – ‘‘tenahi, bhaṇe, ekamekaṃ dhenuṃ gahetvā ekamekassa bhikkhuno upatiṭṭhatha taruṇena khīrena bhojessāmā’’ti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, taruṇena ca khīrena. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā khīraṃ na paṭiggaṇhanti. Paṭiggaṇhatha, bhikkhave, paribhuñjathāti. Atha kho meṇḍako gahapati buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā taruṇena ca khīrena bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho meṇḍako gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santi, bhante, maggā kantārā, appodakā appabhakkhā, na sukarā apātheyyena gantuṃ. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātheyyaṃ anujānātū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañca gorase – khīraṃ, dadhiṃ, takkaṃ, navanītaṃ, sappiṃ. Santi, bhikkhave, maggā kantārā appodakā appabhakkhā, na sukarā apātheyyena gantuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pātheyyaṃ pariyesituṃ taṇḍulo taṇḍulatthikena, muggo muggatthikena, māso māsatthikena, loṇaṃ loṇatthikena , guḷo guḷatthikena, telaṃ telatthikena, sappi sappitthikena. Santi, bhikkhave, manussā, saddhā pasannā, te kappiyakārakānaṃ hatthe hiraññaṃ upanikkhipanti – ‘iminā ayyassa yaṃ kappiyaṃ taṃ dethā’ti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yaṃ tato kappiyaṃ taṃ sādituṃ; na tvevāhaṃ, bhikkhave, kenaci pariyāyena jātarūparajataṃ sāditabbaṃ pariyesitabbanti vadāmī’’ti.