(12)安陀迦频陀品
(12) 2. Andhakavindavaggo
《依止家族经》等的注释
1-4. Kulūpakasuttādivaṇṇanā
111-114111-114. 在第二品的第一经中,对不熟悉的家族产生信赖,这叫“不熟而信者”。自己没有主导权却去分配、安排,这叫“无主导权而分配者”。对于已经离散、因分裂而各自分开的家族,为了让他们和合而习惯于亲近,这叫“亲近离散者”。第二经等则意思浅显易懂。
111-114. Dutiyassa paṭhame asanthavesu kulesu vissāso etassāti asanthavavissāsī. Anissaro hutvā vikappeti saṃvidahati sīlenāti anissaravikappī. Vissaṭṭhāni visuṃ khittāni bhedena avatthitāni kulāni ghaṭanatthāya upasevati sīlenāti vissaṭṭhupasevī. Dutiyādīni uttānatthāneva.
5-13. 悭吝女经等的注释
5-13. Maccharinīsuttādivaṇṇanā
115-123115-123. 在第五经中,住处悭等五种悭吝,这里是按照比丘尼的情况来说的,但也应当知道这些同样适用于比丘。具足住处悭的比丘,一看到有客比丘来,就说“这里存放着塔庙或僧团的资具”之类的话,不肯把僧团的住处让出来。具足家族悭的比丘,用各种理由指出过患,阻止别人进入自己的护持者(供养者)家庭。具足利得悭的比丘,连僧团所得的利养也心生悭吝,依靠不如法的依止和强力的依附,设法让别人得不到。具足色相悭的比丘,称赞自己的容貌,对别人的容貌则说“他有什么色相?”而数落种种缺陷。这里所说的“色相”,应当知道既指身体相貌,也指德行。
115-123. Pañcame āvāsamacchariyādīni pañca idha bhikkhuniyā vasena āgatāni, bhikkhussa vasenapi tāni veditabbāni. Āvāsamacchariyena hi samannāgato bhikkhu āgantukaṃ disvā ‘‘ettha cetiyassa vā saṅghassa vā parikkhāro ṭhapito’’tiādīni vatvā saṅghikaāvāsaṃ na deti. Kulamacchariyena samannāgato bhikkhu tehi tehi kāraṇehi ādīnavaṃ dassetvā attano upaṭṭhāke kule aññesaṃ pavesampi nivāreti. Lābhamacchariyena samannāgato saṅghikampi lābhaṃ maccharāyanto yathā aññe na labhanti, evaṃ karoti attanā visamanissitatāya balavanissitatāya ca. Vaṇṇamacchariyena samannāgato attano vaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇeti, paresaṃ vaṇṇe ‘‘kiṃ vaṇṇo eso’’ti taṃ taṃ dosaṃ vadati. Vaṇṇoti cettha sarīravaṇṇopi, guṇavaṇṇopi veditabbo.
具足法悭的人会想:“这人学会这个法之后,就会压过我。”因此不肯教给别人。但如果他想:“这人学会这个法之后,会歪曲法义、毁掉正法”,出于护法而不给;或者他想:“这人学会这个法之后,会变得掉举、傲慢、内心不平静,造作非福”,出于对这人本身的怜愍而不给,那就不算悭吝。这里说的“法”,指的是教理之法。因为证悟之法只属于圣者,而圣者不会对它悭吝——悭吝已被彻底断除,所以根本不可能生起。其中,因住处悭,会在铜屋地狱里被煎煮,或者投生为夜叉、饿鬼,头顶着那住处的垃圾到处行走。因家族悭,会变得财物匮乏。因利得悭,会投生到粪泥地狱;如果对僧团或群体的利养心生悭吝,却又拿来自己享用,就会投生为夜叉、饿鬼或大蟒蛇。因色相悭,投生到各种存在中都不会有好色相。因法悭,会投生到热灰地狱。第六经等的内容意义浅显,容易明白。
Dhammamacchariyena samannāgato – ‘‘imaṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā eso maṃ abhibhavissatī’’ti aññassa na deti. Yo pana – ‘‘ayaṃ imaṃ dhammaṃ uggahetvā aññathā atthaṃ viparivattetvā nāsessatī’’ti dhammanuggahena vā – ‘‘ayaṃ imaṃ dhammaṃ uggahetvā uddhato unnaḷo avūpasantacitto apuññaṃ pasavissatī’’ti puggalānuggahena vā na deti, na taṃ macchariyaṃ. Dhammoti cettha pariyattidhammo adhippeto. Paṭivedhadhammo hi ariyānaṃyeva hoti, te ca naṃ na maccharāyanti macchariyassa sabbaso pahīnattāti tassa asambhavo eva. Tattha āvāsamacchariyena lohagehe paccati, yakkho vā peto vā hutvā tasseva āvāsassa saṅkāraṃ sīsena ukkhipitvā carati. Kulamacchariyena appabhogo hoti. Lābhamacchariyena gūthaniraye nibbattati, saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā lābhaṃ maccharāyitvā puggalikaparibhogena vā paribhuñjitvā yakkho vā peto vā mahāajagaro vā hutvā nibbattati. Vaṇṇamacchariyena bhavesu nibbattassa vaṇṇo nāma na hoti. Dhammamacchariyena kukkuḷaniraye nibbattati. Chaṭṭhādīni uttānatthāneva.