(11) 第一品:安稳住品显示巴利原文
(11) 1. Phāsuvihāravaggo
1-4. 《畏惧经》等的注释显示巴利原文
1-4. Sārajjasuttādivaṇṇanā
101-4 101-4. 第三品的第一篇经文,无特别须说明之处。第二篇经文中,为乞食等目的而适合前往的适当处所,名为「行处」。若行处为妓女,则名为「以妓女为行处者」,意指依朋友亲近的关系而应前往之处。所谓「妓女」,即是以容貌为生的女子。因与她们亲近会障碍沙门的身份,即使是内心清净者也会招致指责,故不应以朋友亲近的方式前往交往。应依布施供养的方式,提起正念后方可前往。「寡妇」指丈夫已死或远行不在的妇女。「大龄童女」则指年纪已长却未出嫁的童女。「黄门」指无性根者。他们烦恼炽盛,内心热恼难以平息,且大多谈论执着世俗利益的话题,因此不应前往。那些「比丘尼」,是以精勤梵行为主导的,比丘们也是如此。由于男女根器性质有别,若以亲近方式相互交往,不出数日便可能成为梵行的障碍,因此不应如此行。若为探病等缘故而需前往,则应保持正念。第三与第四篇经文的含义,于此已明。显示巴利原文
101-4. Tatiyassa paṭhame natthi vattabbaṃ. Dutiye piṇḍapātādiatthāya upasaṅkamituṃ yuttaṭṭhānaṃ gocaro, vesiyā gocaro assāti vesiyāgocaro, mittasanthavavasena upasaṅkamitabbaṭṭhānanti attho. Vesiyā nāma rūpūpajīviniyo, tā mittasanthavavasena na upasaṅkamitabbā samaṇabhāvassa antarāyakarattā, parisuddhāsayassapi garahāhetuto, tasmā dakkhiṇādānavasena satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā upasaṅkamitabbaṃ. Vidhavā vuccanti matapatikā, pavutthapatikā vā. Thullakumāriyoti mahallikā anividdhā kumāriyo. Paṇḍakāti napuṃsakā. Te hi ussannakilesā avūpasantapariḷāhā lokāmisanissitakathābahulā, tasmā na upasaṅkamitabbā. Bhikkhuniyo nāma ussannabrahmacariyā. Tathā bhikkhūpi. Aññamaññaṃ visabhāgavatthubhāvato santhavavasena upasaṅkamane katipāheneva brahmacariyantarāyo siyā, tasmā na upasaṅkamitabbā, gilānapucchanādivasena upasaṅkamane satokārinā bhavitabbaṃ. Tatiyacatutthāni uttānatthāneva.
5. 《安稳住经》的注释显示巴利原文
5. Phāsuvihārasuttavaṇṇanā
105 105. 第五篇经文中:具足慈,故名为「慈的」;以此慈心所发起的「身业」,即名「慈的身业」。其余两项语业与意业,亦同此理。「公开地」即展露无遗。此处所说的展露无遗,是指做慈身业时,对方正在眼前,因此世尊说这是在「面前」。「私下地」即不公开。不公开的状态,是指做慈身业时,对方不在眼前,因此世尊说这是在「背后」。这些慈的身业等,虽是依于殊胜的比丘众而说,但如此善行,于居士众中亦完全能够成就。对比丘而言,本着慈心去履行共住规约,即名「慈的身业」。对居士而言,为礼敬佛塔、礼敬菩提树、邀请僧团等而前往某处;看见比丘入村乞食时,起身迎接、帮忙接过钵、铺设座位、随行护送等等,这类行为即名「慈的身业」。对比丘而言,以慈心教导行为规范、讲解业处、开示佛法乃至三藏佛语,皆名「慈的语业」。对居士而言,当他们说出:‘我们去礼敬佛塔吧,我们去礼敬菩提树吧,我们去听法吧,我们去做灯供、花供吧;我们要受持三种善行来修习;我们要布施饭票供养……’这样的话语时,显示巴利原文
105. Pañcame mettā etassa atthīti mettaṃ, taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ. Esa nayo sesadvayepi. Āvīti pakāsanaṃ. Pakāsabhāvo cettha yaṃ uddissa taṃ kāyakammaṃ karīyati, tassa sammukhabhāvatoti āha ‘‘sammukhā’’ti. Rahoti appakāsaṃ. Appakāsatā ca yaṃ uddissa taṃ kāyakammaṃ karīyati, tassa apaccakkhabhāvatoti āha ‘‘parammukhā’’ti. Imāni mettakāyakammādīni bhikkhūnaṃ vasena āgatāni tesaṃ seṭṭhaparisabhāvato, gihīsupi labbhantiyeva. Bhikkhūnañhi mettacittena ābhisamācārikapūraṇaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma . Gihīnaṃ cetiyavandanatthāya bodhivandanatthāya saṅghanimantanatthāya gamanaṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhe bhikkhū disvā paccuggamanaṃ pattappaṭiggahaṇaṃ āsanapaññāpanaṃ anugamananti evamādikaṃ mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. Bhikkhūnaṃ mettacittena ācārapaññattisikkhāpanaṃ kammaṭṭhānakathanaṃ dhammadesanā tepiṭakampi buddhavacanaṃ mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Gihīnaṃ ‘‘cetiyavandanāya gacchāma, bodhivandanāya gacchāma, dhammassavanaṃ karissāma, dīpamālaṃ pupphapūjaṃ karissāma, tīṇi sucaritāni samādāya vattissāma, salākabhattādīni dassāma, vassāvāsikaṃ dassāma, ajja saṅghassa cattāro paccaye dassāma, saṅghaṃ nimantetvā khādanīyādīni saṃvidahatha, āsanāni paññapetha, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, saṅghaṃ paccuggantvā ānetha, paññattāsane nisīdāpetha, chandajātā ussāhajātā veyyāvaccaṃ karothā’’tiādikathanakāle mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Bhikkhūnaṃ pātova uṭṭhāya sarīrappaṭijagganaṃ katvā cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā vattādīni katvā vivittasenāsane nisīditvā ‘‘imasmiṃ vihāre bhikkhū sukhī hontu averā abyāpajjā’’ti cintanaṃ mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma, gihīnaṃ ‘‘ayyā sukhī hontu averā abyāpajjā’’ti cintanaṃ mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma.
于此诸慈业中,对新学比丘而言,于做衣等事务时充当助伴,即名「面前的慈身业」;对长老们而言,为其洗脚、倒水冲脚、扇风送凉等种种示敬和合之行,皆名「面前的慈身业」。不论新学或长老,见他人随意放置的木器等杂物,不以轻慢心弃之不顾,犹如收拾自己的杂物一般,将其归置整齐,此即名「背后的慈身业」。当面称呼‘天长老、帝须长老’这等表示敬重的话语,即名「面前的慈语业」。对不在寺中的人询问:‘我们的天长老去哪里了?我们的帝须长老去哪儿了?他何时归来呢?’——如此充满关怀的亲切话语,即名「背后的慈语业」。以满溢慈爱柔情的柔和目光睁开双眼,面露欢喜之色注视对方,此即名「面前的慈意业」。内心专注祝愿‘愿天长老、帝须长老无病无恼、无敌无害’,此即名「背后的慈意业」。然以满溢慈爱柔情的柔和目光睁开双眼,面露欢喜之色注视对方,此行为本身实为慈的身业,但因其背后的驱动力乃是那一份心意,是心意令目光柔和、容颜欢喜,故于此亦从意门的立场,将此称名为「面前的慈意业」。显示巴利原文
Tattha navakānaṃ cīvarakammādīsu sahāyabhāvagamanaṃ sammukhā kāyakammaṃ nāma, therānaṃ pana pādadhovanasiñcanabījanadānādibhedampi sabbaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ sammukhā kāyakammaṃ nāma, ubhayehipi dunnikkhittānaṃ dārubhaṇḍādīnaṃ tesu avaññaṃ akatvā attanā dunnikkhittānaṃ viya paṭisāmanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ nāma. ‘‘Devatthero tissatthero’’ti vuttaṃ evaṃ paggayhavacanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma, vihāre asantaṃ pana paṭipucchantassa ‘‘kuhiṃ amhākaṃ devatthero, kuhiṃ amhākaṃ tissatthero, kadā nu kho āgamissatī’’ti evaṃ piyavacanaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ nāma. Mettāsinehasiniddhāni pana nayanāni ummīletvā pasannena mukhena olokanaṃ sammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma, ‘‘devatthero tissatthero arogo hotu abyāpajjo’’ti samannāharaṇaṃ parammukhā mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāma. Kāmañcettha mettāsinehasiniddhānaṃ nayanānaṃ ummīlanaṃ, pasannena mukhena olokanañca mettaṃ kāyakammameva. Yassa pana cittassa vasena nayanānaṃ mettāsinehasiniddhatā, mukhassa ca pasannatā, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘mettaṃ manokammaṃ nāmā’’ti. Samādhisaṃvattanappayojanāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni.
「达到戒行的平等」:指与居住于各方的比丘们达到同等的戒行。「所导向的」:即此‘这是我与你们现量亲证的’。「见」:指正见。「圣的」:指无有过失。「能出离」:指从轮回之苦中出离、超脱。因为这种见本身即能出离,故说它能令具足此见之人从轮回之苦中解脱。「遵照所教导而行者」:指遵从导师教诫、依教法而行的人。「为了灭尽苦」:即为了彻底灭尽一切苦。「达到见的平等」:指达到同等的正见状态。显示巴利原文
Samānasīlataṃgatoti tesu tesu disābhāgesu viharantehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ samānasīlataṃ gato. Yāyanti yā ayaṃ mayhañceva tumhākañca paccakkhabhūtā. Diṭṭhīti sammādiṭṭhi. Ariyāti niddosā. Niyyātīti vaṭṭadukkhato nissarati niggacchati. Sayaṃ niyyantīyeva hi taṃsamaṅgipuggalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhato niyyāpetīti vuccati. Yā satthu anusiṭṭhi, taṃ karotīti takkaro, tassa, yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjakassāti attho. Dukkhakkhayāyāti sabbadukkhakkhayatthaṃ. Diṭṭhisāmaññagatoti samānadiṭṭhibhāvaṃ upagato.
6-10. 《阿难经》等注释显示巴利原文
6-10. Ānandasuttādivaṇṇanā
106-110 第六句的「增上戒」:此为表相义的处格,意即不责备、不非难戒相。「attānupekkhī」:指以戒持续观察自我与业者。第七句等词的意义显而易见。显示巴利原文
106-110. Chaṭṭhe adhisīleti nimittatthe bhummaṃ, sīlanimittaṃ na upavadati na nindatīti attho. Attani kamme ca anu anu pekkhati sīlenāti attānupekkhī. Sattamādīni uttānatthāneva.