裸形者品的注释。
(16) 6. Acelakavaggavaṇṇanā
157-163对于其余经句,在阐明所说“紧密”(gāḷhā)之义时,他说了“粗硬”(kakkhaḷā)。其“粗硬行”并非指本性粗劣,而是指因渴爱而坚固执取,故说“因贪而坚固执取”。或者,“不紧密的修行”是指沉溺于诸欲的修行,即“随顺欲乐”之义。“焦干的修行”是指以烧灼、耗损身体而转起的修行,即“随顺自我折磨”之义。“无衣者”:舍弃衣服者,完全拒绝一切衣服者,因受持裸形戒而裸体。“他站着便溺”等,只是举例,以此显示连呕吐后舔舐嘴唇等行为也因该戒而被舍弃。用舌头舔手,即不清洗,因不用水洗而舔舐。第二种解释同理。当被说“来,尊者”时,上前的举动称为“来,尊者”,奉行此者称为“奉行‘来,尊者’者”,拒绝此者即“不奉行‘来,尊者’者”。他不这样做,是出于
157-163. Ito paresu pana suttapadesu ‘‘gāḷhā’’ti vuttamatthaṃ vivaranto ‘‘kakkhaḷā’’ti āha. Kakkhaḷacāro cassā na lūkhasabhāvo. Atha kho taṇhāvasena thiraggahaṇanti āha ‘‘lobhavasena thiraggahaṇā’’ti. Agāḷhā paṭipadāti vā kāmānaṃ ogāhanaṃ paṭipatti, kāmasukhānuyogoti attho. Nijjhāmā paṭipadāti kāyassa nijjhāpanavasena khepanavasena pavattā paṭipatti, attakilamathānuyogoti attho. Nicceloti nissaṭṭhacelo sabbena sabbaṃ paṭikkhittacelo. Naggiyavatasamādānena naggo. Ṭhitakova uccāraṃ karotītiādi nidassanamattaṃ vamitvā mukhavikkhālanādiācārassapi tena vissaṭṭhattā. Jivhāya hatthaṃ apalekhati avalekhati udakena adhovanato. Dutiyavikappepi eseva nayo. ‘‘Ehi, bhadante’’ti vutte upagamanasaṅkhāto vidhi ehibhadanto, taṃ caratīti ehibhadantiko, tappaṭikkhepena na ehibhadantiko. Na karoti ‘‘samaṇena nāma parassa vacanakarena na bhavitabba’’nti adhippāyena.
“更早”:比他自己前往该处更早。据说,他不接受,是因为心想:“名为比丘者,理当随己意取乞食。”他不接受,是因为认为:“这是专门为我做的,以我为缘,招致众多小生命遭到杀戮。”他不接受邀请,是担心:“这样就成了听从他们的话行事了。”对于锅等,他也心存“众生想”,故他说“锅、钵”等。“成为团食的障碍”:对于起身去接受的人,两种团食都会成为障碍。依村落集会等方式收集,并因此而受到称扬,故称“称扬集”,犹如收集在一起的杂粮堆等。“属于人的”:指做杂役的人。
Puretaranti taṃ ṭhānaṃ attano upagamanato puretaraṃ. Taṃ kira so ‘‘bhikkhunā nāma yadicchakā eva bhikkhā gahetabbā’’ti adhippāyena na gaṇhāti. Uddissa kataṃ mama nimittabhāvena bahū khuddakā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpāditāti na gaṇhāti. Nimantanaṃ na sādiyati evaṃ tesaṃ vacanaṃ kataṃ bhavissatīti. Kumbhi ādīsupi so sattasaññīti āha ‘‘kumbhi-kaḷopiyo’’tiādi. Kabaḷantarāyo hotīti uṭṭhitassa dvinnampi kabaḷantarāyo hoti. Gāmasabhāgādivasena saṅgamma kittenti etissāti saṅkitti, yathāsaṃhatataṇḍulādisañcayo. Mānusakānīti veyyāvaccakarā manussā.
“仅饮酒”:仅饮已达到迷醉品性的苏罗酒。在此,举苏罗酒也包含了迷罗耶酒。“只向一家乞食”:即一家乞食者。“仅以一口维生”:即一口食者。“datti”意为“施物”,指仅取二三口食量的小乞食器皿,故他说“小钵”。“一日食者”:就进食而言,他一天只吃一次,即以此为食,这称为“一日食”。然而,此人实际上是隔日食者,故他说“隔一日食者”。“二日食者”等,也是如此。断食一天后进食一天为“一日轮”,其本质即一日食。断食两天后进食两天为“二日轮”。其余两词同理。然而,最上的轮食者
Surāpānamevāti majjalakkhaṇappattāya surāya pānameva. Surāgahaṇenevettha merayampi saṅgahitaṃ. Ekāgārameva uñchatīti ekāgāriko. Ekālopeneva vattatīti ekālopiko. Dīyati etāyāti datti, dvattiālopamattaggāhi khuddakaṃ bhikkhādānabhājanaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘khuddakapātī’’ti. Abhuñjanavasena eko aho etassa atthīti ekāhiko, āhāro, taṃ ekāhikaṃ. So pana atthato ekadivasaṃ laṅghako hotīti āha ‘‘ekādivasantarika’’nti. Dvāhikantiādīsupi eseva nayo. Ekāhaṃ abhuñjitvā ekāhaṃ bhuñjanaṃ ekāhavāro, taṃ ekāhikameva atthato. Dvīhaṃ abhuñjitvā dvīhaṃ bhuñjanaṃ dvīhavāro. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Ukkaṭṭho pana pariyāyabhattabhojaniko dvīhaṃ abhuñjitvā ekāhameva bhuñjati. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo.
说「专勤于蹲踞精进」(ukkuṭikavīriyamanuyutto),正是基于邪精进,即随顺蹲踞行。「自我折磨的随顺」(attakilamathānuyogo):即随顺对自我的折磨,意思是造成身体痛苦的原因。这里「自我」(attā)一词是「身体」的同义语,如同「自苦者」(attantapo)等处的用法。「两端」(dve antā):即两个极端,意思是两种低劣的修行。因为低劣的也称为「端」(anto),如「诸比丘,此是谋生之端」及「末端」「尽头」等。这些是偏离中道的歧途,不可喜乐、不应行走、应当明了,故为「端」(antā),因此是低劣的。
Micchāvāyāmavaseneva ukkuṭikavatānuyogoti āha ‘‘ukkuṭikavīriyamanuyutto’’ti. Attakilamathānuyoganti attano kilamathānuyogaṃ, sarīradukkhakāraṇanti attho. Sarīrapariyāyo hi idha attasaddo ‘‘attantapo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.413) viya. Dve anteti ubho koṭiyo, ubho lāmakapaṭipattiyoti attho. Lāmakampi hi antoti vuccati ‘‘antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ (saṃ. ni. 3.80; itivu. 61), koṭṭhako anto’’ti evamādīsu. Majjhimapaṭipadāya uppathabhāvena amanīyā gantabbā ñātabbāti antā. Tato eva lāmakā.