(16) 6. 裸形者品注释
(16) 6. Acelakavaggavaṇṇanā
157-163157-163. 此后诸句中,「粗厉道」(āgāḷhā paṭipadā):指严厉、粗硬,因贪欲而强力执取。「燋热」(Nijjhāmā):由于自我折磨的修行,被极度烧灼、热恼、焦热。「中」(Majjhimā):指既不是粗硬也不是燋热,处于中间。「裸形者」(Acelako):即无衣、裸露者。「放逸行」(Muttācāro):行为放纵,在大小便等事情上,缺少世间良家子弟的行为方式,站着就大小便,吃东西、咀嚼东西。「手舔者」(Hatthāpalekhano):当手上的团食吃完时,用舌头舔手;也指大便后,将手视作棍子,直接用手擦拭。当为了乞食被人招呼“来,尊者”时,他不来,因此叫作「不来请者」(na ehibhadantiko)。如果被招呼“那么站住,尊者”也不停住,因此叫作「不停请者」(na tiṭṭhabhadantiko)。据说他对这两种都不做,心想“如果照做了,那就等于顺从这个人了”。「已持近」(Abhihaṭaṃ):指事先取来并拿到近前的食物。「指定」(Uddissakaṃ):指被通知说“这是专门为你们准备的”食物。「邀请」(Nimantanaṃ):指像“请进入某家、某条街或某个村子”这样被邀请的食物,他都不接受、不取。「非罐口」(Na kumbhimukhā):从罐子里舀出来给的食物,也不取。「非釜口」(Na kaḷopimukhā):釜指锅或篮子,从那里给的食物也不取。为什么不取呢?他认为“罐子和釜会因为我而受到勺子的打击”。「非跨越门槛」(Na eḷakamantaraṃ):把门槛当做间隔而给的食物,不取。为什么?他认为“这个人会因为我而受到间隔的障碍”。对于棍棒和捣臼等也是同样的道理。「两人」(Dvinnan):两个人正在吃的时候,其中一人起身给食,他不取。为什么?他认为这样会导致团食的障碍。
157-163. Ito paresu āgāḷhā paṭipadāti gāḷhā kakkhaḷā lobhavasena thiraggahaṇā. Nijjhāmāti attakilamathānuyogavasena suṭṭhu jhāmā santattā paritattā. Majjhimāti neva kakkhaḷā na jhāmā majjhe bhavā. Acelakoti niccelo naggo. Muttācāroti vissaṭṭhācāro, uccārakammādīsu lokiyakulaputtācārena virahito ṭhitakova uccāraṃ karoti, passāvaṃ karoti, khādati bhuñjati. Hatthāpalekhanoti hatthe piṇḍamhi niṭṭhite jivhāya hatthaṃ apalekhati, uccārampi katvā hatthasmiṃyeva daṇḍakasaññī hutvā hatthena apalekhati. Bhikkhāya gahaṇatthaṃ ‘‘ehi, bhadante’’ti vutto na etīti na ehibhadantiko. ‘‘Tena hi tiṭṭha, bhante’’ti vuttopi na tiṭṭhatīti na tiṭṭhabhadantiko. Tadubhayampi kira so ‘‘etassa vacanaṃ kataṃ bhavissatī’’ti na karoti. Abhihaṭanti puretaraṃ gahetvā āhaṭabhikkhaṃ. Uddissakatanti idaṃ tumhe uddissa katanti evamārocitabhikkhaṃ. Nimantananti ‘‘asukaṃ nāma kulaṃ vā vīthiṃ vā gāmaṃ vā paviseyyāthā’’ti evaṃ nimantitabhikkhampi na sādiyati na gaṇhāti. Na kumbhimukhāti kumbhito uddharitvā dīyamānaṃ bhikkhampi na gaṇhāti. Na kaḷopimukhāti kaḷopīti ukkhali vā pacchi vā, tatopi na gaṇhāti. Kasmā? ‘‘Kumbhikaḷopiyo maṃ nissāya kaṭacchunā pahāraṃ labhantī’’ti. Na eḷakamantaranti ummāraṃ antaraṃ katvā dīyamānaṃ na gaṇhāti. Kasmā? ‘‘Ayaṃ maṃ nissāya antarakaraṇaṃ labhatī’’ti. Daṇḍamusalesupi eseva nayo. Dvinnanti dvīsu bhuñjamānesu ekasmiṃ uṭṭhāya dente na gaṇhāti. Kasmā? Kabaḷantarāyo hotīti.
「不从孕妇处」等:若从孕妇取食,其腹中胎儿便会受苦;若从哺乳妇女取食,则障碍孩子哺乳;若从与男子交会的妇女取食,则障碍她的欢爱,因此他不取这些食物。「非混合」:指非混合各种食材所煮之食。据说在饥荒时期,裸形者的弟子们为了裸形者,从各处募集米等食材后煮饭。而最严格的裸形者,并不接受这种食物。「非有狗处」:在狗站立期待“我会得到团食”之处,他不取那种未先施狗便拿来的食物。何以故?他认为这样会障碍狗的食物。「群飞」:指群集而飞。若人们见到裸形者后说“我们要供养此人食物”而进入厨房,当他们进入时,潜伏在锅口等处的苍蝇受惊飞起,群飞乱舞。如此,裸形者便不取从该处拿来的食物。何以故?他认为:“因我之故,苍蝇的觅食范围受到了障碍。”
Na gabbhiniyātiādīsu pana gabbhiniyā kucchiyaṃ dārako kilamati, pāyantiyā dārakassa khīrantarāyo hoti, purisantaragatāya ratiantarāyo hotīti na gaṇhāti. Na saṅkittīsūti saṅkittetvā katabhattesu. Dubbhikkhasamaye kira acelakasāvakā acelakānaṃ atthāya tato tato taṇḍulādīni samādapetvā bhattaṃ pacanti, ukkaṭṭhācelako tato na paṭiggaṇhāti. Na yattha sāti yattha sunakho ‘‘piṇḍaṃ labhissāmī’’ti upaṭṭhito hoti, tattha tassa adatvā āhaṭaṃ na gaṇhāti. Kasmā? Etassa piṇḍantarāyo hotīti. Saṇḍasaṇḍacārinīti samūhasamūhacārinī . Sace hi acelakaṃ disvā ‘‘imassa bhikkhaṃ dassāmā’’ti manussā bhattagehaṃ pavisanti, tesu ca pavisantesu kaḷopimukhādīsu nilīnā makkhikā uppatitvā saṇḍasaṇḍā caranti, tato āhaṭaṃ bhikkhaṃ na gaṇhāti. Kasmā? ‘‘Maṃ nissāya makkhikānaṃ gocarantarāyo jāto’’ti.
「谷酸粥」:指以各种谷物配料制成的酸粥。在此之中,实则唯有饮酒是罪过,但此人却视一切如酒的食物皆有过失。「一家者」:指仅在一家乞得食物,便返回的人。「一口者」:指仅靠一口食物维持生命的人。「两家者」等,道理亦同。「一施食者」:即只取一次施食之人。所谓“一施食”,是指施食中有一个小碗,仅取用其中最上面的那一份食物。「一日间隔食」:指隔日一食。「半月间隔食」:指半月一食。「轮番食」:指按固定天数轮替进食的规则,如一日一食、两日一食、七日一食、半月一食,如此依次轮替而食。「食菜者」等,含义如前所述。
Thusodakanti sabbasassasambhārehi katasovīrakaṃ. Ettha ca surāpānameva sāvajjaṃ, ayaṃ pana sabbesu sāvajjasaññī. Ekāgārikoti yo ekasmiṃyeva gehe bhikkhaṃ labhitvā nivattati. Ekālopikoti ekeneva ālopena yāpeti. Dvāgārikādīsupi eseva nayo. Ekissāpi dattiyāti ekāya dattiyā. Datti nāma ekā khuddakapāti hoti, yattha aggabhikkhaṃ pakkhipitvā ṭhapenti. Ekāhikanti ekadivasantarikaṃ. Addhamāsikanti addhamāsantarikaṃ. Pariyāyabhattabhojananti vārabhattabhojanaṃ, ekāhavārena dvīhavārena sattāhavārena addhamāsavārenāti evaṃ divasavārena ābhatabhattabhojanaṃ. Sākabhakkhotiādīni vuttatthāneva.
「常立者」:指始终站立而不坐下的人。「修习蹲踞精进者」:即致力于蹲姿苦行的人,连行走时亦保持蹲姿,跳跃前行。「荆棘卧床者」:指将铁荆棘或天然荆棘捶入地面,在上铺一张皮革,然后于其上站立、经行等。即使睡眠时,也同样安卧于此处。「傍晚第三次入水者」:即傍晚时分第三次洗澡。他一日三次——早晨、正午、傍晚——皆修习入水沐浴的苦行,心想:“我将以此洗净罪业。”
Ubbhaṭṭhakoti uddhaṃ ṭhitako. Ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyuttoti ukkuṭikavīriyamanuyutto, gacchantopi ukkuṭikova hutvā uppatitvā uppatitvā gacchati. Kaṇṭakāpassayikoti ayakaṇṭake vā pakatikaṇṭake vā bhūmiyaṃ koṭṭetvā tattha cammaṃ attharitvā ṭhānacaṅkamādīni karoti. Seyyanti sayantopi tattheva seyyaṃ kappeti. Sāyaṃ tatiyamassāti sāyatatiyakaṃ. Pāto majjhanhike sāyanti divasassa tikkhattuṃ ‘‘pāpaṃ pavāhessāmī’’ti udakorohanānuyogaṃ anuyutto viharati.
“于身随观身”等处,应依前面《一法品注释》中所说的方法来理解。“比丘们,这称为中道”:比丘们,这即是不趋近欲乐享受与自我折磨两种极端,也不堕常见与断灭两端的中道,应当如此了知。
Kāye kāyānupassītiādīni heṭṭhā ekakanipātavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbāni. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadāti, bhikkhave, ayaṃ kāmasukhallikānuyogañca attakilamathānuyogañcāti dve ante anupagatā, sassatucchedantehi vā vimuttā majjhimā paṭipadāti veditabbā.