3. 律摄要
3. Vinayapeyyālaṃ
201“比丘们,此二种义利因缘”(Dveme, bhikkhave, atthavase paṭiccā)意为:比丘们,依于两种利益,基于两种原因。“学处已施设”(Sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ)指学处的部分已制定下来。“为僧众优越”(Saṅghasuṭṭhutāyā)是为了僧团的良善状态,即令僧众说“善哉,尊者”后得以欣然接受。“为僧众安乐”(Saṅghaphāsutāyā)是为了僧团的安住轻安。“对恶戒之人”(Dummaṅkūnaṃ)指对于破戒者。“对善乐戒之人”(Pesalānaṃ)指对于喜爱持戒者。“现世诸漏”(Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ)指于此现有之身,因违犯戒律所得、名为杀戮与束缚等苦法所含摄的那些漏。“为防护”(Saṃvarāyā)是为了予以遮止。“来世诸漏”(Samparāyikānaṃ)指此类苦法在未来世生起、名为恶趣之苦的那些漏。“为对治”(Paṭighātāyā)是为了予以遣除。“怨仇”(Vera)
201.Dveme, bhikkhave, atthavase paṭiccāti, bhikkhave, dve atthe nissāya dve kāraṇāni sandhāya. Sikkhāpadaṃ paññattanti sikkhākoṭṭhāso ṭhapito. Saṅghasuṭṭhutāyāti saṅghassa suṭṭhubhāvāya, ‘‘suṭṭhu, bhante’’ti vatvā sampaṭicchanatthāyāti attho. Saṅghaphāsutāyāti saṅghassa phāsuvihāratthāya. Dummaṅkūnanti dussīlānaṃ. Pesalānanti pīyasīlānaṃ. Diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānanti diṭṭhadhamme imasmiṃyeva attabhāve vītikkamapaccayā paṭiladdhabbānaṃ vadhabandhanādidukkhadhammasaṅkhātānaṃ āsavānaṃ. Saṃvarāyāti pidahanatthāya. Samparāyikānanti tathārūpānaṃyeva apāyadukkhasaṅkhātānaṃ samparāye uppajjanakaāsavānaṃ. Paṭighātāyāti paṭisedhanatthāya. Verānanti akusalaverānampi puggalaverānampi. Vajjānanti dosānaṃ. Te eva vā dukkhadhammā vajjanīyattā idha vajjāti adhippetā. Bhayānanti cittutrāsabhayānampi bhayahetūnaṃ tesaṃyeva dukkhadhammānampi. Akusalānanti akkhamaṭṭhena akusalasaṅkhātānaṃ dukkhadhammānaṃ. Gihīnaṃ anukampāyāti gihīsu ujjhāyantesu paññattasikkhāpadaṃ gihīnaṃ anukampāya paññattaṃ nāma. Pāpicchānaṃ pakkhupacchedāyāti pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyunti tesaṃ pakkhupacchedanatthāya. Appasannānaṃ pasādāyāti pubbe appasannānampi paṇḍitamanussānaṃ sikkhāpadapaññattisampadaṃ disvā pasāduppattiatthāya. Pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāyāti pasannānaṃ uparūparipasādabhāvāya. Saddhammaṭṭhitiyāti saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ. Vinayānuggahāyāti pañcavidhassāpi vinayassa anuggaṇhanatthāya.
202-230“巴帝摩卡已施设”(Pātimokkhaṃ paññattaṃ)指已制定巴帝摩卡,共有两种:比丘巴帝摩卡与比丘尼巴帝摩卡。“诵巴帝摩卡”(Pātimokkhuddeso)即已制定九种诵巴帝摩卡的方式:比丘有五种,比丘尼有四种。“中止巴帝摩卡”(Pātimokkhaṭṭhapananti)即是中止布萨。“自恣已施设”(Pavāraṇā paññattā)指已制定两种自恣:十四日自恣和十五日自恣。“中止自恣已施设”(Pavāraṇaṭṭhapanaṃ paññattaṃ)即当正对一位犯戒比丘进行自恣时,允许中止自恣的制定。关于呵责羯磨等:针对那些用言语讥刺的般度迦、罗希达迦比丘,制定了呵责羯磨(《小品》1等)。针对愚痴、不机巧、好共住且多恶行的比丘,制定了驱依止甘马。针对污家的阿说示、布那婆娑克比丘,制定了驱出羯磨(《小品》21等)。针对辱骂在家人的须达摩长老,制定了令作谢过羯磨(《小品》33等)。于不见罪等情形中,制定了举罪甘马。针对犯罪重且对所犯罪行加以覆藏的人,制定了
202-230.Pātimokkhaṃ paññattanti bhikkhupātimokkhaṃ bhikkhunipātimokkhanti duvidhaṃ pātimokkhaṃ paññattaṃ. Pātimokkhuddesoti bhikkhūnaṃ pañca, bhikkhunīnaṃ cattāroti nava pātimokkhuddesā paññattā. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapananti uposathaṭṭhapanaṃ. Pavāraṇā paññattāti cātuddasikā pannarasikāti dve pavāraṇā paññattā. Pavāraṇaṭṭhapanaṃ paññattanti sāpattikassa bhikkhuno pavāraṇā uttiyā vattamānāya pavāraṇaṭṭhapanaṃ paññattaṃ. Tajjanīyakammādīsu bhikkhū vācāsattīhi vitudantānaṃ paṇḍukalohitakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tajjanīyakammaṃ (cūḷava. 1 ādayo) paññattaṃ. Bālassa abyattassa seyyasakassa bhikkhuno niyassakammaṃ paññattaṃ. Kuladūsake assajipunabbasuke bhikkhū ārabbha pabbājanīyakammaṃ (cūḷava. 21 ādayo) paññattaṃ. Gihīnaṃ akkosakassa sudhammattherassa paṭisāraṇīyakammaṃ (cūḷava. 33 ādayo) paññattaṃ. Āpattiyā adassanādīsu ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paññattaṃ. Garukāpattiṃ āpannassa paṭicchannāya āpattiyā parivāsadānaṃ paññattaṃ. Parivāse antarāpattiṃ āpannassa mūlāya paṭikassanaṃ paññattaṃ. Paṭicchannāyapi appaṭicchannāyapi āpattiyā mānattadānaṃ paññattaṃ. Ciṇṇamānattassa abbhānaṃ paññattaṃ. Sammā vattantassa osāraṇīyaṃ paññattaṃ. Asammāvattanādīsu nissāraṇīyaṃ paññattaṃ.
制定了八种具足戒:善来比丘具足戒、皈依具足戒、受教诫具足戒、问答具足戒、白四甘马具足戒、八重法具足戒、二部僧中具足戒、遣使具足戒。“白事羯磨通于九处”(Ñattikammaṃ nava ṭhānāni gacchati)意思是:如此,适用于九种情形的白事羯磨已经制定。“白二甘马通于七处”(Ñattidutiyakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchati)意思是:如此,只适用于七种情形的白二甘马已经制定。“白四甘马通于七处”(Ñatticatutthakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchati)意思是:如此,只适用于七种情形的白四甘马已经制定。对于最初的波罗夷等,最初的制定是在尚未制定学处之处而施设的。对这些学处本身,随附的制定则是在已制定学处之处再作补充施设。依此四种现前——法现前、律现前、僧现前、人现前——而制定了现前毗尼。为保护已得忆念自在分的诸漏尽者不被举罪,制定了忆念调伏。针对疯比丘,制定了不痴毗尼。为了让不承认却被举罪的人摆脱
Ehibhikkhūpasampadā saraṇagamanūpasampadā ovādūpasampadā pañhābyākaraṇūpasampadā ñatticatutthakammūpasampadā garudhammūpasampadā ubhatosaṅghe upasampadā dūtena upasampadāti aṭṭhavidhā upasampadā paññattā. Ñattikammaṃ nava ṭhānāni gacchatīti evaṃ navaṭṭhānikaṃ ñattikammaṃ paññattaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchatīti evaṃ sattaṭṭhānikameva ñattidutiyakammaṃ paññattaṃ. Ñatticatutthakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchatīti evaṃ sattaṭṭhānikameva ñatticatutthakammaṃ paññattaṃ. Paṭhamapārājikādīnaṃ paṭhamapaññatti apaññatte paññattaṃ. Tesaṃyeva anupaññatti paññatte anupaññattaṃ. Dhammasammukhatā vinayasammukhatā saṅghasammukhatā puggalasammukhatāti imassa catubbidhassa sammukhībhāvassa vasena sammukhāvinayo paññatto. Sativepullappattassa khīṇāsavassa acodanatthāya sativinayo paññatto. Ummattakassa bhikkhuno amūḷhavinayo paññatto. Appaṭiññāya cuditakassa āpattiyā ataraṇatthaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ paññattaṃ. Bahutarānaṃ dhammavādīnaṃ laddhiṃ gahetvā adhikaraṇavūpasamanatthaṃ. Yebhuyyasikā paññattā. Pāpussannassa puggalassa niggaṇhanatthaṃ tassapāpiyasikā paññattā. Bhaṇḍanādivasena bahuṃ assāmaṇakaṃ katvā āpattiṃ āpannānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ṭhapetvā thullavajjaṃ ṭhapetvā gihipaṭisaṃyuttañca avasesāpattīnaṃ vūpasamanatthāya tiṇavatthārako paññatto.