四、臾那国教法史章
4. Yonakaraṭṭhasāsanavaṃsakathāmaggo
4现在,我当讲述臾那国教法的起源。世尊为利益应度者,期望自己的教法于臾那国长久住世,便与比丘僧团一同游方教化,来到名为拉布惹的城市。当时,有一位猎人奉上榕果,世尊受用后,将榕果核抛向空中,果核未曾落地,径直停于空中。世尊见此情景,微微而笑。阿难长老见世尊微笑,便请问原因。世尊预言道:‘阿难,未来此处将建起我的舍利塔,教法将得以兴盛。’因为世尊曾在此食用榕果,所以该国称为‘哈里布惹’;又因两位苦行者放置了火线,以臾那语故,该地名为‘拉布惹’。
4. Idāni pana yonakaraṭṭhe sāsanassuppattiṃ kathessāmi . Bhagavā hi veneyyahitāvaho yonakaraṭṭhe mamasāsanaṃ cirakālaṃ pabhiṭṭhahissatīti āpekkhitvā saddhiṃ bhikkhu saṅghena desacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto labhuñjaṃ nāma nagaraṃ agamāsi. Tadā eko nesādo hariphalaṃ datvā taṃ paribhuñjitvā haribīje khipite pathaviyaṃ apatitvā ākāseyeva patiṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā sitaṃ patvākāsi. Tamatthaṃ disvā ānandatthero pucchi. Anāgate kho ānanda imasmiṃ ṭhāne mama dhātucetiyaṃ patiṭṭhahissati, sāsanaṃ virūḷamāpajjissatīti byākāsi. Bhagavatā pana hariphalassa bhuñjitaṭṭhānattāharibhuñjoti tassa raṭṭhassa nāmaṃ ahosi. Dvinnaṃ tāpasānaṃ ṭhapitaṃ jalasuttikaṃ paṭicca yonakānaṃ bhāsāya labhuñjoti nāmaṃ ahosi.
其时,一位织工家族的长者坐在名为马品纳的墓地旁,将自己七岁的儿子托付给世尊,令其出家。这位沙弥依止业处而修习,不久便证得阿拉汉果。因为任何七岁沙弥证得阿拉汉果之处,在臾那语中即被称为“苍甘伽”(Caṅgamaṅgha)。随着时日渐久,便转称为“章伽玛伽”(Jaṅgamaṅgha)。自此,教法便在臾那国确立。
Tadā tattha mapinnāya nāma ekissā mātikāya samīpe nisinno eko lavakulikajeṭṭhako attano puttaṃ sattavassikaṃ bhagavato niyyādetvā pabbājesi. Kammaṭṭhānānuyogavasena acireneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Sattavassi kassaca sāmaṇerassa arahattaṃ sacchikataṭṭhānataṃ paṭicca yonakabhāsāya etaṃ ṭhānaṃ caṅgamaṅgha iti vuccati. Cirakāla vasena jaṅgamaṅgha iti vuccati. Tato paṭṭhāyayeva yonakaraṭṭhe sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhātīti.
教法度越二百三十五年之际,大护长老前往臾那国,于甘波阇、克马瓦拉、哈里布惹、阿尤陀等众多国土中建立起教法。注释书的导师们在统摄、开示所有这些国土时,便是以“臾那世界”这一通称来宣说的。这乃是作者们为了显示义理的差别,依循某种方式而作的通称。
Sāsane pana pañcatiṃsādhike dvivassasate sampatte mahārakkhitatthero yonakaraṭṭhaṃ gantvā kambojakhemāvara haribhuñjāyuddhayādīsu anekesu raṭṭhesu sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. Tāni hi sabbāni raṭṭhāni saṅgahetvā dassentehi aṭṭhakathācariyehi yonakalokanti okāsakālokavācakena sāmaññasaddena vuttaṃ. Pakati hesā ganthakārānaṃ yena kenacākārena atthantarassa viññāpanāti.
大护长老与五位比丘从华氏城取道阿尼拉路来到臾那世界,以《迦拉咖拉马经》令臾那人深生净信。他令百十七万(七十万零七千)人得获道果之庄严。在其座下,有一万人出家。如是,他于彼处建立起教法。此为复注中的记载。
Mahārakkhitatthero ca saddhiṃ pañcahi bhikkhūhi pāṭaliputtato anilapathamaggena yonakalokaṃ āgantvā kāḷakārāmasuttena yonake pasādesi. Sattatisahassādhikapāṇasatasahassaṃ maggaphalālaṅkāraṃ adāsi. Santike cassa dasasahassāni pabbajiṃsu. Evaṃ so tatthasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Tathā ca vuttaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ,–
前往臾那国之后,这位大护仙人;
以《迦拉咖拉马经》令臾那人生起净信。
Yonakaraṭṭhaṃ tadā gantvā, so mahārakkhito isi; Kāḷakārāmasuttena, te pasādesi yonaketi.
从此以后,他们的师弟相承辈出,远超计算,不可胜数。
Tato paṭṭhāya tesaṃ sissaparamparā bahū honti, gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā.
在臾那国的拉库那城,于佛灭五百年时,建造了一尊摩尼宝佛像,毗首羯摩天子将其授予那先长老。那先长老发愿道:“愿舍利来此安住于此佛像中。”仅以愿力,七种舍利即来安住并显现神通——此事记载于《王统史》。
Yonakaraṭṭhe lakunnanagare jinacakke pañcavassasate maṇimayaṃ buddhappaṭimaṃ māpetvā visukammadevaputto nāgasenattherassa adāsi. Nāgesenatthero ca tasmiṃ paṭimamhi dhātu āgantvā patiṭṭhātūti adhiṭṭhāsi. Adhiṭṭhānavaseneva sattadhātuyo āgantvā tattha patiṭṭhahitvā pāṭihāriyaṃ dassesunti rājavaṃse vuttaṃ.
而且,此说与《弥兰陀问经》中“于我般涅槃后五百年过去时,这些将会出现”的记载,在时间上正好相符。在臾那国弥兰陀王时代,恰值佛灭五百年,佛轮依那先长老得以壮大、建立。
Tañca vacanaṃ mama parinibbānato pañcavassasate atikkante ete uppajjissantīti milindapañhāyaṃ vuttavacanena kālaparimāṇavasena ca sameti. Yonakaraṭṭhe milindarañño kāle jinacakke pañcavassasateyeva nāgasenattheraṃ paṭissa jinacakkaṃ virūḷaṃ hutvā patiṭṭhāsi.
于迦利纪六百五十年,从食城迁至拘楼干城。在般若康摩王统治时,迦叶长老与五位长老一同从中部地方到来。
Kaliyuge pañcasaṭṭhivasselabhuñjanagarato saṅkamitvā kyuṅgaranagare māpikassa baññācomaṅgara nāmakassa rañño kāle majjhimadesato kassapatthero pañcahi therehi saddhiṃ āgacchi.
那时,该王建造寺院并赠予他们,又从狮子洲迎请舍利,一位长老因此到来。他见到舍利所示现的神变,生起净信,便建造了食城塔庙。依止那些长老,教法传承遂传入臾那国。
Tadā so rājā vihāraṃ katvā tesaṃ adāsi. Sīhaḷadīpato ca dhātuyo ānetvā eko thero āgacchi. Dhātuto pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasīditvā labhuñjacetiya nidhānaṃ akāsi. Te ca there paṭicca yonakaraṭṭhe sāsana vaṃso āgato.
时值迦利时代第七百六十二年,支那国国王征服了整个臾那国,使其陷入动乱。那时,大法深长老与大慧长老两位长老,与众多比丘一起从臾那国前往狮子洲。当时狮子洲正遭受饥荒怖畏,他们又从那里前往暹罗国的宋加洛城。
Kaliyuge dvāsaṭṭhādhike sattasate sampatthe cinaraṭṭhindo rājā abhibhavitvā sakalampi yonakaraṭṭhaṃ saṅkhubtitaṃ hoti. Tadā mahādhammagambhīratthero mahāmedhaṅkaratthe rocāti dve thero yonakaraṭṭhato saddhiṃ bahūhi bhikkhūhi sīhaḷadīpaṃ agamaṃsu. Tadā ca sīhaḷadīpe dubbhikkhabhayena abhibhūto hutvā tato syāmaraṭṭhe sokkatayanagaraṃ puna agamaṃsu.
此后,他们前往拉贡那城,在那些弘扬教法、具惭耻与善净的比丘们跟前,再次受了学处。那些长老使教法在暹罗国、臾那国等一切处得以安立。
Tato pacchā lakunnanagaraṃ gantvā sāsanaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ lajjipesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike puna sikkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Te ca thero syāmaraṭṭhe yonakaraṭṭhe ca sabbattha sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesunti.
迦利时代,八百二十五年之际,吉祥正法世间主转轮王将食城塔庙再度扩建后,于其附近建造了四座寺院,供养给大慧长老与舍利弗长老。彼时,两位长老令教法清净后,予以确立。
Kaliyuge pañcavīsādhike aṭṭhavassasate sampatte sirisaddhammalokapaticakkavattirājā labhuñjacetiyaṃ puna mahantaṃ katvā tassa cetiyassa samīpe cattāro vihāre kārāpetvā mahāmedhaṅkarattherassa sāriputtattherassa ca adāsi. Tadāpi te dve therā sāsanaṃ parisuddhaṃ katvā patiṭṭhāpesunti.
迦利时代,九百四十三年,含萨瓦底城有位名为阿奈卡塞提宾陀的国王,征服了希腊国并收归己有。为征收赋税,他将该地赐予其长子阿努鲁达王子,并与众多大臣一同前往,令王子以副王身份治理国政。同时,为净化教法,他派遣萨达摩恰卡萨弥长老与之同行。
Kaliyuge tecattālīsādhike navavassasate sampatte haṃsāvatīnagare anekasetibhindo nāma rājā yonakaraṭṭhaṃ abhibhavitvā attano hatthagataṃ katvā bali bhuñjanatthāya jeṭṭhaputtassa anuruddhassa nāma rājakumārassa datvā bahūhi amaccehi saddhiṃ tattha gantvā anurājatāvena rajjaṃ kārāpesi. Sāsanañca visodhāpetuṃ saddhammacakkasāmittheraṃ tena saddhiṃ pahiṇi.
据说,阿奈卡塞提宾陀王在征服希腊国时,最初心想:“此处乃教法最初建立之地。”因此,他并未将那个国度的居民当作须缴纳贡赋的臣民来对待。
Anekasetibhinno kira rājā yonakaraṭṭhaṃ vijayakāle paṭhamaṃ sāsanassa patiṭṭhānabhūtamidanti katvā taṃraṭṭhavāsino karamarānītabhāvena na aggahesīti.
正如前文所述长老传承中所载,有一位住在拉衮那城的林居长老。他在城中向居士们说:‘今日某处有一人死亡。’所说如实应验,因此他便以‘神通成就者’而闻名。
Yathāvuttattheravaṃsesu ca eko lakunnanagare araññavāsī thero tattha nagare ajja asukasmiṃ ṭhāne eko matoti gihīnaṃ kathetvā yathākathitaṃ bhūtaṃ hutvā ayaṃ abhiññālābhīti pākaṭo ahosi.
就在同一座城中,有一位名为大吉祥的长老。当阿奈卡塞提宾陀王前来征战时,他早在被召见之前便预言:‘阿奈卡塞提宾陀王将会召见我,并派遣同族使者前来。’后来,国王果真如他所预言的方式召见了他,由此他便以‘神通成就者’而声誉远播。
Tasmiṃyeva ca nagare mahāmaṅgalo nāma thero anekasetibhindassa rañño yujjhituṃ āgatakāle anekasetibhindo rājā maṃ pakkosissati, samānajātikaṃ dūtaṃ pessessatīti pakkositakālato paṭhamamevavadi. Yathāvuttaniyāmeneva pakkosanato ayaṃ abhiññā lābhīti kitti ghoso ahosi.
在那座城中,智庄严长老撰写了一部名为《数论阐明》的著作。而《塔姆利卡论》则是吉祥庄严长老居住在巴达兰卡长老的寺院时所撰写的。
Tattha nagare ñāṇavilāsatthero saṅkhyāpakāsakaṃ nāma pakaraṇaṃ akāsi. Taṃḷīkaṃ pana pattalaṅkattherassa vihāre vasanto sirimaṅgalonāma thero akāsi.
《清净道论灯》则是由一位住于桑尼瓦达林野的北寺长老所著。《吉祥灯》为吉祥胜长老所著。《灾异平息》为某位长老所著。据说,持诵此《灾异平息》后,便战胜了支那王的军队。如是,在希腊国,凭借得证神通者及诸著作长老的威力,胜者之教得以清净而建立。如此,应依因果关联之理、前后关联之理,以及如前所述的三种方式,连贯地把握长老传承。
Visuddhimaggadīpaniṃ pana saṃññvattaaraññavāsī uttarārāmo nāma eko thero. Maṅgaladīpaniṃ sirimaṅgalatthero. Uppātasantiṃ aññataro thero. Taṃ kira uppātasantiṃ sajjhāyitvā cīnarañño senaṃ ajinīti. Iccevaṃ yonakaraṭṭhe abhiññālābhīnaṃ ganthakārānañca therānaṃ ānubhāvena jinasāsanaṃ parisuddhaṃ hutvā patiṭṭhāti. Evaṃ hetuphalasambandhavasena ādi anta sambandhavasena ca yathāvuttehi tīhi nayehi theraparamparā ghaṭṭetvā gahetabbā.