2. 狮子洲教史传承道
2. Sīhaḷadīpikasāsanavaṃsakathāmaggo
2如今,正是宣说锡兰岛教法传承之道的时机,因此我将为之宣说。
2. Idāni sīhaḷadīpasāsanakathāmaggaṃ vattuṃ okāso anuppatto, tasmā taṃ vakkhāmi.
锡兰岛是教法建立之地,故犹如佛塔的胎藏。据说,正自觉者在住世时亦曾三度前往锡兰岛。第一次,为调伏夜叉而独自前往;调伏夜叉后,彼自念:“我般涅槃后,教法当于锡兰岛住立。”为守护铜掌岛,遂三次降临此岛。第二次,为调伏诸龙中舅甥二龙,亦独自前往,调伏已,即离去。第三次,与五百比丘随从俱行,至大塔处、塔园塔处、大菩提安立处、摩诃央伽那塔处、木丁伽那塔处、长池塔处、迦梨耶尼塔处,入灭尽定而坐。
Sīhaḷadīpañhi sāsanassa patiṭṭhānabhūtattā cetiyagabbhasadisaṃ hoti. Sammāsambuddho kira sīhaḷadīpaṃ dharamānakālepi tikkhattuṃ agamāsi. Paṭhamaṃ yakkhānaṃ damanatthaṃ ekakova gantvā yakkhe dametvā mayi parinibbute sīhaḷadīpe sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhahissatīti tambapaṇṇidīpe ārakkhaṃ karonto tikkhattuṃ dīpaṃ āviñchi. Dutiyaṃ mātulabhāgineyyānaṃ nāgarā jūnaṃ damanatthāya ekakova gantvā te dametvā agamāsi. Tatiyaṃ pañcabhikkhusataparivāro gantvā mahācetiyaṭṭhāne ca thūpārāmacetiyaṭṭhāne ca mahābodhipatiṭṭhitaṭṭhāne ca mahiyaṅgaṇacetiyaṭṭhāne ca mudiṅgaṇacetiyaṭṭhāne ca dīghavāpi cetiyaṭṭhāne ca kalyāṇiyacetiyaṭṭhāne ca nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi.
尔时,教法既已深入,暂得安住。其后,依如前所述之长老次第,由住持中大目犍连子帝须长老所派遣,玛欣德长老于胜者轮二百三十五年第二迦提迦月,与伊提耶、乌提耶、桑布拉、跋陀萨罗诸长老一同前往锡兰岛。索那、郁多罗等长老亦于胜者轮二百三十五年第二迦提迦月,为令教法住立,各自分赴其所承担之地。
Tadā ca pana sāsanaṃ ogāhetvāna tāva tiṭṭhati. Pacchā pana yathāvuttattheraparamparāya samabhiniviṭṭhena mahāmoggaliputtatissattherena pesito mahindatthero jinacakke pañcatiṃsādhike dvisate sampatte dutiyakattikamāse iṭṭiyena uttiyena sambulena bhaddasālena cāti etehi therehi saddhiṃ sīhaḷadīpaṃ agamāsi. Soṇuttarattherādayo jinacakke pañcatiṃsādhike dvisate sampatte dutiyakattikamāseyeva sāsanassa patiṭṭhāpanatthāya attano attano sampattabhārabhūtaṃ taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ agamaṃsu.
大玛欣德长老则等待七月之后,于胜者轮二百三十六年最胜月满月之日,为在锡兰岛建立教法而往。是故,于此九处中,彼于二百三十六年前往锡兰岛;其余八处,则于二百三十五年前往,应各别说明。
Mahāmahindatthero pana sattamāsāni āgametvā jinacakke chattiṃsādhike dvisate sampatte jeṭṭhamāsassa puṇṇamiyaṃ sīhaḷadīpaṃ sāsanassa patiṭṭhāpanatthāya agamāsi. Teneva tesu navasu ṭhānesu sīhaḷadīpaṃ chattiṃsādhike dvisa te agamāsi. Aññāni pana aṭṭha ṭhānāni pañcatiṃsādhikadvisateyeva agamāsīti visuṃva vatthapetabbo.
然而,为何大玛欣德尊者等待了七个月,最后才前往楞伽岛呢?须知,楞伽岛有一位名叫穆塔西瓦的国王,年迈体弱,无力护持教法。而他的儿子——天爱帝须王子,年纪尚轻,将堪能护持教法。大玛欣德尊者心想:“且让天爱帝须先登王位,我亦可借此前往韦提沙山城探望母亲及亲属。”因此,他等待了七个月,于胜者轮第二百三十六年,大玛欣德尊者才前往楞伽岛。
Kasmā pana mahāmahindatthero sattamāsāni āgametvā sabbapacchā sīhaḷadīpaṃ gacchatīti. Sīhaḷadīpe muṭabhivo nāma rājā jarādubbalo ahoti, sāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ asamattho, tassa pana putto devānaṃ piya tisso nāma rājakumāro daharo sāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ samattho bhavissati, so ca devānaṃ viyatisso rajjaṃ tāva labhatu vedissakagirinagare mātuyā saddhiṃ ñātake tāva passāmīti apekkhitvā sattamāsāni āgametvā chattiṃsādhikadvisateyeva jinacakke mahāmahindatthero sīhaḷadīpaṃ gacchatīti veditabbaṃ.
大玛欣德尊者与伊提耶等四位尊者、外甥须摩那沙弥、以及名为般度迦的优婆塞,一同于胜者轮第二百三十六年、最胜月的满月日,犹如金天鹅在最胜月升入天空,经由空中,降落在阿努罗陀城东方区域的弥沙迦山山顶。
Mahāmahindatthero ca iṭṭiyādīhi therehi catūhi bhāgineyyena sumanasāmaṇerena bhaṇḍukena nāma upāsake na cāti etehi saddhiṃ chattiṃsādhike dvisate jinacakke jeṭṭhamāsapuṇṇamiyaṃ suvaṇṇahaṃsā viya jeṭṭhamāse nabhaṃ uggantvā ākāsamaggena anurādhapurassa puratthimadisābhāge missa kapabbatakūṭe patiṭṭhāsi.
在最胜月的满月日,楞伽岛正值最胜月根星宿的会合,人们举行了庆典。因此,在名为《要义灯明》的律藏复注中说:“最胜月的满月日,会有最胜星宿或根星宿。”其中,满月星宿是在论及王位更替时,依满月星宿的考察方式而说,应如是知。
Jeṭṭhamāsassa ca puṇṇamiyaṃ laṅkādīpe jeṭṭhamūlanakkhattasabhā hutvā manussā chaṇaṃ akaṃsu. Tenevāha sāratthadīpaniyaṃ nāma vinayaḍīkāyaṃ, jeṭṭhamāsassa puṇṇamiyaṃ jeṭṭhanakkhattaṃ mūlanakkhattaṃ vā hotīti. Tattha ca puṇṇaminakkhattaṃ rājamattante puṇṇaminakkhattavicāraṇanayena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
天爱帝须王下令宣告星宿节,命大臣们筹办庆典。随后,他亲自率领四万随从,出城前往弥沙迦山,意欲游乐狩猎。那时,住在那座山中的一位天神,化作鹿形来引诱国王,将他引向长老面前。
Devānaṃ piya tisso ca rājā nakkhattaṃ nāma ghosāpetvā chaṇaṃ kārethāti amacce āṇāpetvā cattālī sapurisasahassaparivāro nagaramhā nikkhamitvā yena missa kapabbato, tena pāyāsi migavaṃ kīḷitukāmo. Atha tasmiṃ pabbate adhivatthā ekā devatā migarūpena rājānaṃ phalobhetvā pakkositvā therassa abhimukhaṃ akāsi.
长老见国王前来,便决意道:“只让国王看见我,莫叫他人看见。”随后他便唤道:“帝须,帝须,来这里。”国王闻声思忖:“凡是在此岛出生的人,即便合所有人之力,也无人敢直呼我名‘帝须’来称呼我。而这个穿着补丁衣、剃除须发、披着袈裟的人,却直呼我名。他究竟是人是非人?”
Thero rājānaṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā mamaṃyeva rājā passatu mā itareti adhiṭṭhahitvā tissa tissa ito ehīti āha. Rājā taṃ sutvā cintesi, imasmiṃ dīpe jāto sakalopi manusso maṃ tissoti nāmaṃ gahetvā ālapituṃ samattho nāma natthi, ayaṃ pana bhinnabhinnapaṭadharo bhaṇḍukāsāva vasano maṃ nāmena ālapati, ko nukho ayaṃ bhavissati, manusso vā amanusso vāti. Thero āha,–
Samaṇā mayaṃ mahārāja, dhammarājassa sāvakā; Taveva anukampāya, jambudīpā idhāgatāti.
那时,天爱帝须王因阿育王派遣的灌顶使者于毗舍佉月满月日为他灌顶,已受灌顶满一月。他忆念起阿育王所赠、与三宝功德相关的法赠礼中,不久前听闻的教法流传。当他听闻长老说“大王,我等是法王的声闻沙门”时,心念:“圣者果真来了。”便立即放下武器,退坐一面,相互交谈欢喜之语。正如所说:
Tadā ca devānaṃ piyatisso rājā asokaraññā pesitena abhisekena ekamāsābhisitto ahosi. Visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ hissa abhisekamakaṃsu. So ca asokaraññā pesite dhammapaṇṇākāre ratanattayaguṇappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ sāsanappavattiṃ acirasutaṃ anussaramāno taṃ therassa samaṇā mayaṃ mahārāja, dhammarājassa sāvakāti vacanaṃ sutvā ayyā nukho āgatāti tāvadeva āvudhaṃ nikkhipitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ kathayamāno. Yathāha,–
放下武器后,他退坐一面;
国王落座后,共相欢谈,多陈述饶益之语。
Āvudhaṃ nikkhipitvāna, ekamantaṃ upāvisi; Nisajja rājā sammodi, bahuṃ atthūpasañhitanti.
正当共相欢谈之时,那四万人也来到并围绕在旁。这时,长老又令其余六人显现。国王看见后问道:“这些人何时来的?”长老答:“与我一同前来的,大王。”“那么如今在赡部洲,还有其他这样的沙门吗?”“有的,大王。如今的赡部洲,正值时灯照耀、仙人风吹拂之际——
Sammodanīyaṃ kathañca kurumāneyeva tasmiṃ tānipi cattālīsapurisasahassāni āgantvā samparivāresuṃ. Tadāthero itarepi cha jane dassesi. Rājā disvā ime kadā āgatāti āha. Mayā saddhiṃyeva mahārājāti. Idāni pana jambudīpe aññepi evarūpā samaṇā santīti. Santi mahārāja etarahijambudīpo kālāvapajjoto isivātapaṭivāto, tasmiṃ–
拥有三明、具足神通,善护心意者;
诸漏已尽的阿罗汉,是佛陀的众多声闻弟子。
Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyakovidā; Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakāti.
“尊者,你们是如何来的?”“大王,既非经由水路,也非经由陆路。”国王便知道他们是从空中而来。长老为了考察国王是否具有智慧,便指着近处的一棵芒果树问道:
Bhante kena āgatatthāti. Neva mahārāja udakena, na thalenāti. Rājā ākāsena āgatāti aññāsi. Thero atthi nukho rañño passāveyyattikanti vīmaṃsanatthāya āsannaṃ ambarukkhaṃ ārabbha pañhaṃ pucchi, –
“大王,这棵树叫什么名字?”“尊者,名为芒果树。”“那么,大王,除了这棵芒果树,还有其他的芒果树吗?”“尊者,还有不少其他的芒果树。”“那么,除了这棵芒果树和那些芒果树,还有别的树吗?”“尊者,有,但它们不是芒果树。”“那么,除了那些芒果树及非芒果树,还有别的树吗?”“尊者,就是这棵芒果树。”“善哉,大王,您是有智慧的人。”
Kinnāmo mahārāja ayaṃ rukkhoti. Ambarukkho nāma bhanteti. Imaṃ pana mahārāja ambaṃ muñcitvā añño ambo atthi vā natthi vāti. Atthi bhante aññepi bahū ambarukkhāti. Imañca ambaṃ te ca ambe muñcitvā atthi nukho mahārāja aññe rukkhāti. Atthi bhante, te pana na ambarukkhāti. Aññe ca ambe anambe ca muñcitvā atthi pana añño rukkhoti. Ayameva bhante amba rukkhoti. Sādhu mahārāja paṇḍitosīti.
“大王,您有亲属吗?”“有的,尊者,有很多。”“除了他们之外,还有其他人不是您的亲属吗,大王?”“尊者,不是亲属的人比亲属更多。”“那么,除了您的亲属和不是亲属的人,还有别的什么人吗,大王?”“尊者,就是我自己。”“善哉,大王。这个‘自己’,既不是自己的亲属,也不是非亲属。”
Atthi pana mahārāja te ñātakāti. Atthi bhante bahūjanāti. Te muñcitvā keci aññātakāpi atthi mahārājāti. Aññātakā bhante ñātakehi bahutarāti. Tavañātake ca aññātake ca muñcitvā atthañño koci mahārājāti. Ahameva bhanteti. Sādhu mahārāja attā nāma attano neva ñātako na aññātakoti.
长老知道国王是智者,能够明了法义,便为他宣讲了《小象迹喻经》。讲法结束时,国王与四万众生一同皈依了三宝。此后凡是应当解说的内容,都可依《善见律》等所述的方法来了知。
Atha thero paṇḍito rājā sakkhissati dhammaṃ aññātunti cūḷahatthipadopamasuttaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne rājā tīsu saraṇesu patiṭṭhahi saddhiṃ cattālīsāya pāṇasahassehīti. Tato paraṃ yaṃ yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ taṃ samantapāsādikādīsu vuttanayena veditabbaṃ.
如此,在狮子洲护持教法的玛欣德长老所传下的弟子传承为数众多,不可胜数。是怎样的呢?大玛欣德长老的弟子是阿利多尊者,其弟子为提沙达多,其弟子为迦罗须摩那,其弟子为提迦,其弟子为提迦须摩那,其弟子为迦罗须摩那,其弟子为那伽,其弟子为佛护,其弟子为提沙,其弟子为雷瓦,其弟子为须摩那,其弟子为周罗那伽,其弟子为法护,其弟子为凯摩,其弟子为优波离,其弟子为弗沙提婆,其弟子为须摩那,其弟子为大莲华,其弟子为大尸婆,其弟子为优波离,其弟子为大那伽,其弟子为无畏,其弟子为提沙,其弟子为须摩那,其弟子为周罗无畏,其弟子为提沙,其弟子为周罗提婆,其弟子为尸婆。这应视为直至被称为‘入书’的第四次结集为止的长老传承。
Iccevaṃ sīhaḷadīpe sāsanānuggahaṇa mahindattherato āgatā sissaparamparā bahū honti, gaṇanapathaṃ vīti vattā. Kathaṃ. Mahāmahindattherassa sisso ariṭṭho nāma thero, tassa sisso tissadatto, tassa sisso kāḷasumano, tassa sisso dīgho, tassa sisso dīgha sumano, tassa sisso kāḷasumano, tassa sisso nāgo, tassa sisso buddharakkhito, tassa sisso tisso, tassa sisso revo, tassa sisso sumano, tassa sisso cūḷanāgo, tassa sisso dhammapāli etā, tassa sisso khemo, tassa sisso upalisso, tassa sisso phussadevo, tassa sisso sumano, tassa sisso mahāpadumo, tassa sisso mahāsīvo, tassa sisso upāli, tassa sisso mahānāgo, tassa sisso abhayo, tassa sisso tisso, tassa sisso sumano, tassa sisso cūḷābhayo, tassa sisso tisso, tassa sisso cūḷadevo, tassa sisso sīvoti. Ayaṃ yāva potthakāruḷasaṅkhātā catutthasaṅgītikā, tāva theraparamparāti daṭṭhabbā.
在这部注疏中已说:应知直至今日,正是由他们弟子相续的师承所传承而来的。
Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ,– yāvajjabhanā tesaṃyeva antevāsikaparamparabhūtāya ācariyaparamparāya ābhatantiti veditabbanti.
如是,应知由他们弟子代代相续的师承,至今仍在教法中彰显流传。
Evaṃ tesaṃ sissaparamparabhūtā ācariyaparamparā yāvajjatanā sāsane pākaṭā hutvā āgacchantīti veditabba.
在教法中,持律者确实应具备三相。因为持律者的三种相应当寻求。哪三种呢?他的经教善通达、善流布、善决了——即依经与随文解说,这是第一相;他安住于律而不动摇,这是第二相;他的师承善受持、善作意、善观察,这是第三相。
Sāsane vinayadharehi nāma tilakkhaṇasampannehi bhavitabbaṃ. Tīṇi hi vinayadharassa lakkhaṇāni icchi tabbāni. Katamāni tīṇi. Suttañcassa svāgataṃ hoti suppavatti suvinicchitaṃ suttato anubyañjanatoti idamekaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīroti idaṃ dutiyaṃ, ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā supadhāritāti idaṃ tatiyaṃ.
其中,“师承被善受持”,是指长老师承、法脉师承皆被他善加受持。“善作意”即善加作意,仅一作意,便如明灯般清晰了知。“善观察”即善加观察,从义理与缘由两方面观察前后的关联。
Tattha ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hotīti theraparamparā vaṃsaparamparā cassa suṭṭhugahitā hoti. Sumanasikatāti suṭṭhu manasikatā, āvajjitamatte ñajjali tappadīpo viya hoti.
舍弃己见,依止师长的清净行持而说:“我所从某师处学,彼又从某师处学”。如此,他举出从一切师承乃至长老言说的所有传承依据,最终归结至“优波离长老于正自觉者处学”而确立。又从彼处引述:优波离长老于正自觉者处学,达沙迦长老于其师优波离长老处,索纳迦长老于其师达沙迦长老处,悉伽婆长老于其师索纳迦长老处,目犍连子帝须长老于其师悉伽婆与旃陀跋耆族长老处学习。如此,他举出一切师承与长老言说,追溯至己师而确立。这样受持的师承,才名为善受持。
Supadhāritāti suṭṭhu upadhāritā, pubbāparānusandhito atthato kāraṇato ca upa dhāritā. Attano matiṃ pahāya ācariyasuddhiyā vattā hoti, mayhaṃ ācariyo asukācariyassa santike uggaṇhi, so asukassāti evaṃ sabbaṃ ācariyaparamparaṃ thera vādaṅgaṃ āharitvā yāva upālitthero sammāsambuddhassa santike uggaṇhīti pāpetvā ṭhapeti. Tatopi āharitvā upālitthero sammāsambuddhassa santike uggaṇhi, dāsakatthero attano upajjhāyassa upālittherassa, soṇakatthero attano upajjhāyassa dosakattherassa, siggavatthero attano upajjhāyassa soṇakattherassa, moggaliputtatissatthero attano upajjhāyassa siggavattherassa caṇḍa vajjittherassa cāti evaṃ sabbaṃ ācariyaparamparaṃ theravādaṅgaṃ āharitvā attano ācariyaṃ pāpetvā ṭhapeti. Evaṃ uggahitā hi ācariyaparamparā suggahitā hoti.
如果这样仍不能做到,也应当学取二三种传承。因为依照最根本的道理,师长与师长的师长如何宣说巴利及复注,就应当能够如是了知。
Evaṃ asakkontena pana dve tayo parivaṭṭā uggahetabbā. Sabbapacchimena hi nayena yathā ācariyo ca ācariyācariyo ca pāḷiñca paripuñchañca vadanti, tathā ñātuṃ vattatīti.
然而,据长老师承相传,从世尊住世之时起,直至书册出现,三藏皆唯以口诵持守,并未完整书写成册。大长老们正是这样行难行之事,护持教法。其事如下:
Yathā vuttattheraparamparā pana bhagavato dharamānakālato paṭṭhāya yāva potthakāruḷā mukhapāṭheneva piṭakattayaṃ dhāresuṃ, paripuṇṇaṃ pana katvā potthake likhitvā na ṭhapenti. Evaṃ mahātherā dukkarakammaṃ katvā sāsanaṃ paggaṇhiṃsu. Tatridaṃ vatthu,–
据说在锡兰岛,因旃陀罗帝须之难而动荡不安,又逢天不降雨,生起饥荒之怖。那时,天帝释前来,说道:“诸位尊者,你们将无法持守三藏,可登船前往阎浮洲;若船只不够,便以木筏或竹筏渡海。为保平安,我们会守护。”
Sīhaḷadīpe kira caṇḍālatissabhayena saṅkhubbhitvā devo ca avassitvā dubbhikkhabhayaṃ uppajji. Tadā akko devānamindo āgantvā tumhe bhante piṭakaṃ dhāretuṃ na sakkhissatha, nāvaṃ pana ārūhitvā jambudīpaṃ gacchatha, sace nāvā appahonakā bhaveyya, kaṭṭhena vā veḷunā vā taratha, abhayatthāya pana mayaṃ rakkhissāmāti āha.
那时,约有六十位比丘来到海滨,又这样想:“我们不往阎浮洲,就住在此地持守三藏。”随后,船从渡口折返,他们便去了锡兰岛的一处地方——摩罗雅国,仅靠根果等维持生命,并作诵习。因饥荒逼切,无法再这样修行,他们便在沙地上,胸口贴地,头面相对,不发语声,只在心中默诵。如此十二年,连同注释一同护持三藏,摄受教法。
Tadā saṭṭhimattā bhikkhū samuddatīraṃ gantvā puna etadahosi,– mayaṃ jambudīpaṃ na gacchissāma, idheva vasitvā tepiṭakaṃ dhārissāmāti. Tato pacchā nāvā titthato nivattitvā sīhaḷadīpekadesaṃ malayajanapadaṃ gantvā mūlaphalādīhiyeva yāpetvā sajjhāyaṃ akaṃsu. Chātakabhayena atipīḷitā hutvā evampi kātuṃ asakkonto vāḷukatale uraṃ ṭhapetvā sīsena sīsaṃ abhimukhaṃ katvā vācaṃ anicchāretvā manasāyeva akaṃsu. Evaṃ dvādasavassāni saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya tepiṭakaṃ rakkhitvā sāsanaṃ anuggahesuṃ.
过了十二年,那场灾难平息下来后,原先想去阎浮洲的七百位比丘来到了锡兰岛的一处地区——罗摩国的曼达拉寺。其中约有六十位比丘也到了那座寺院,互相问讯之后,一同诵习。当时彼此和合无诤,就像恒河水与阎牟那河水交融一样。应知大长老仅凭口诵受持三藏,正是难行之事。
Dvādasavassesu pana atikkantesu taṃ bhayaṃ vūpasamitvā pubbe jambudīpaṃ gacchantā sattabhikkhusatā āgantvā sīhaḷadīpekadesaṃ rāmajanapade maṇḍalārāmavihāraṃ āpajjiṃsu. Tepi saṭṭhimattā bhikkhū tameva vihāraṃ gantvā aññamaññaṃ sammantetvā sajjhāyiṃsu. Tadā aññamaññaṃ samenti, na virujjhanti, gaṅgādakena viya yamunodakaṃ saṃsandenti. Evaṃ piṭakattayaṃ mukhapāṭheneva dhāretvā mahātherā dukkarakammaṃ karontīti veditabbā.
他们对于教理,乃至一字也不违失地受持,此即是难行之事。
Yampi pariyattiṃ ekapadamattampi avirajjhitvā dhārenti, taṃ dukkarakammameva.
据说在锡兰岛,有一位名为富那婆苏的居士,他的儿子提萨长老学习了佛语之后,来到这阎浮洲,想在耶那迦达摩罗耆长老座下学习佛语。当他学毕离开,到达登船的渡口时,对一个词生起了疑惑,便从这百由旬的路途折返,去往师父身边。途中他与一位居士谈论法义,那位居士生起信心,欢喜踊跃,将一条价值十万的毛毯赠与他。他带着毛毯供养师父。长老让人把毛毯敲碎,用作坐处的资具。这是为什么呢?是为了摄受未来之人。他心里这样想:‘回顾我们所行的道,未来的同梵行者们将会说,应当圆满修行。’提萨长老在师父跟前断除了疑惑,便回到锡兰岛原来的住处。如此,于教理乃至一字也不违失地受持,应知此即是难行之事。
Sīhaḷadīpe kira punabbasukassa nāma kuṭumbikassa putto tissatthero buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā imaṃ jambudīpaṃ āgantvā yonakadhammarakkhitattherassa santike buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā gacchanto nāvaṃ abhirūhanatitthe ekasmiṃ pade uppannakaṅkho yojanasatamaggaṃ nivattitvā ācariyassa santikaṃ āgacchanto antarāmagge ekassa kuṭumbikassa pañhaṃ kathesi. So pasīditvā satasahassagghanakaṃ kampalaṃ adāsi. Sopi taṃ āharitvā ācariyassa adāsi. Thero vā siyā koṭṭetvā nisīdanaṭṭhāne paribhaṇḍaṃ kāresi. Kimatthāyāti. Pacchimāya janatāya anuggahatthāya. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi,– amhākaṃ gatamaggaṃ āvajjitvā anāgate sabrahmacārino paṭipattiṃ pūretabbaṃ maññissantīti. Tissattheropi ācariyassa santike kaṅkhaṃ chinditvā sīhaḷadīpameva sakaṭṭhānaṃ āgamāsīti. Iccevaṃ pariyattiṃ ekapadamattampi avirajjhitvā dhāraṇampi dukkarakammamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
他们大多并未使之精通,但为了不令其消失、不令其混乱,便以学习、受持等方便而守护——这即是难行之事。
Yampi yebhuyyena paguṇaṃ na karonti, tassa anantaradhānatthāya asammosatthāya uggahadhāraṇādivasena rakkhanampi karonti, taṃ dukkarakammameva.
据说,就在锡兰岛,当大恐怖发生时,只有一位比丘精通《大义释》。那时,四部尼柯耶持者帝须长老的戒师——一位名叫大守护长老的大三藏长老,对另一位大守护长老说:“贤友大守护,请到某甲那里学习《大义释》。”“尊者,那是恶作,我不学。”“贤友,学吧,我会坐在你身边陪你。”“善哉,尊者,若您坐在身边,我便学。”于是他开始学习,日夜无间地修学。在最后一天,他看到床下藏着的女人后说道:“尊者,我先前只是听闻过此事,若早知如此,便不会在这样的人身边学习佛法了。”然而,正是在他那里,众多大长老学习之后,将《大义释》确立了下来。如此,对于那些多数人并未精通的法,为令其不消失、不忘失,以学习、持诵等方式而守护,也应视为难行之事。
Sīhaḷadīpeyeva kira mahābhaye ekasseva bhikkhuno mahāniddeso paguṇo ahosi. Atha catunikāyikatissattherassa upajjhāyo mahātipiṭakatthero nāma mahārakkhitattheraṃāha,– āvuso mahārakkhita asukassa santike mahāniddesaṃ gaṇhāhīti. Pāpokirāyaṃ bhante na gaṇhāmīti. Gaṇhāvuso ahaṃ te santike nisīdissāmīti. Sādhu bhante tumhesu nisinnesu gaṇhissāmīti paṭṭhapatvā rattindivaṃ nirantaraṃ pariyāpuṇanto osānadivase heṭṭhāmañce itthiṃ disvā bhante sutaṃyeva me pubbe, sacāhaṃ evaṃ jāneyyaṃ, na īdisassa santike dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇeyyanti āha. Tassa pana santike bahū mahātherā uggaṇhitvā mahāniddesaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ. Evaṃ yaṃ yebhuyyena paguṇaṃ na karonti, tassa anantaradhānatthāya asammosattāya uggahadhāraṇādivasena rakkhanampi dukkarakammaṃ yevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
如是,从世尊在世时起,于漫长岁月中,如上所述的大长老传承唯以口诵的方式持守着教法。啊!正是由于古代大长老们正念、智慧与定力之广大,他们才能够仅凭口诵而持守。古代长老们仅凭口诵持守教法,前后长达四百九十五年。
Iccevaṃ bhagavato dharamānakālato pabhuti cirakālaṃ yathāvuttamahātheraparamparā pariyattiṃ mukhapāṭheneva dhāresuṃ . Ahovata porāṇikānaṃ mahātherānaṃ satipaññāsamādhivepullatāya hi te mukhapāṭheneva dhāretu sakkāti. Mukhapāṭheneva porāṇakattherānaṃ pariyattidhāraṇaṃ pañcanavutādhikāni catusatāni ahosi.
世尊般涅槃后,依《大史》与《教义纲要》所传,于佛灭四百五十年时,在铜掌岛(锡兰),第十八代王——不信提须王之子瓦塔伽摩尼王登基为王。于其治世第六年,预见到“未来众生正念、智慧与定力薄弱,将无法以口诵持守”,前述约五百位大长老,承瓦塔伽摩尼王护持,在铜掌岛摩罗耶地区的光明窟中,将连同注释书的三藏书写于贝叶之上。
Bhagavato parinibbānato mahāvaṃsasāratthasaṅgahesu āgatanayena jinacakke paṇṇāssādhike catusate sampatte tambapaṇṇidīpe rājūnaṃ aṭṭhārasamako’saddhātissassa nāma rañño putto vaṭṭagāmaṇi nāma rājā rajjaṃ patvā chavassakāle anāgate sattā hīnasatipaññāsamādhikā hutvā na sakkhissanti mukhapāṭhena dhāretunti upaparikkhitvā pubbe vuttehi mahātherehi anupubbena āgatā pañcamattā mahātherasatā vaṭṭagāmaṇirājānaṃ nissāya tambapaṇṇidīpekadese malayajanapade ālokaleṇe aṭṭhakathāya sahapiṭakattayaṃ potthake āropesuṃ.
而此次结集,参照前述的结集,应知即名为第四结集。正如名为《教义灯》的律藏复注中所说:“所谓书写于贝叶的结集,实与第四结集相似。”
Tañca yathāvuttasaṅgītiyo upanidhāya catutthasaṅgītiyeva nāmāti veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ sāratthadīpaniyaṃ nāma vinayaṭīkāyaṃ,– catutthasaṅgītisadisā hi potthakārohasaṅgītīti.
然而,在锡兰岛,瓦塔伽摩尼王与摩罗摩罗国吉祥田城一位名为鸡冠王的国王,于同时期各自统御。在建造阿摩罗补罗城的那位国王的时代,由锡兰岛比丘送来此处的书信中,则说是于四百三十三年时书写于贝叶。其中这样记载:“四百三十三之量时。”
Sīhaḷadīpe pana vaṭṭagāmaṇirājā marammaraṭṭhe sirikhettanagare eko nāma kukkuṭasīsarājā ca ekakālena rajjaṃ kāresi. Amarapuramāpakassa rañño kāle sīhaḷadīpabhikkhuhi idha pesitasandesakathāyaṃ pana tettiṃsādhikacatusate sampatte potthakāruḷaṃ akaṃsūti āgataṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ tattha,– tettiṃsādhikacatuvassasataparimāṇakālanti.
此后,在赡部洲洲和锡兰岛上,比丘们各自分裂为不同的部派,如同从无热恼池流出的河流,分流为恒河、阎牟那河等支流。其中,赡部洲洲诸部的分裂情况,将在后文说明。
Athāparaṃ jambudīpe sīhaḷadīpe ca bhikkhū visuṃ visuṃ gaṇavasena bhijjiṃsu, yathā anotattadahato nikkhamananadiyā gaṅgāyamunādivasena bhijjantīti. Tattha jambudīpe gaṇānaṃ bhijjamānataṃ upariyeva vakkhāma.
而锡兰岛上诸部的分裂情况,应当如此看待。如何呢?在锡兰岛,自教法确立以来,经过二百一十八年,于瓦塔伽摩尼王所建造的无畏山寺中,有比丘对《附随篇》的读诵与义理加以颠倒错解,由此从大寺住众中分离出来,独立成为一个部派,此部派即无畏山住众,亦名法喜部。
Sīhaḷadīpe pana gaṇānaṃ bhijjamānatā evaṃ daṭṭhabbā. Kathaṃ. Sīhaḷadīpe hi sāsanassa patiṭṭhamānakālato aṭṭhārasādhi kadvivassasate sampatte vaṭṭagāmaṇiraññā kārāvite abhayagirivihāre parivārakhandhakaṃ pāṭhato ca atthato ca vipallāsaṃ katvā mahāvihāravāsigaṇato puthu hutvā eko gaṇo bhijji, so abhayagirivāsigaṇo nāma, dhammarucigaṇoti ca tasseva nāmaṃ.
自无畏山住众分裂以来,经过三百四十二年,在摩诃塞那王所建造的祇园寺中,有比丘以颠倒的方式篡改了《两部分别》的读诵,于是从无畏山住众中脱离出来,另成一个独立的部派,此部派即祇园寺住众,亦名萨伽利耶部。
Abhayagirivāsigaṇassa bhijjamānato dvecattālīsādhikativassasate sampatte mahāsenena nāma raññā kārāpite jetavanavihāre bhikkhū ubhatovisaṅgapāṭhe viparītavasena abhisaṅkharitvā abhayagirivāsigaṇato visuṃ eko gaṇo ahosi, so jetavanavāsigaṇo nāma, sāgaliyagaṇoti ca tasseva nāmaṃ.
自祇园寺住众分裂以来,经过三百五十一年,库伦达住众与科兰巴住众的比丘们依靠外甥达塔波提王,将《两部分别》与《附随篇》的诵文以颠倒的方式篡改,脱离前述的两个部派,另立一部,揣度并执取大寺住众的义理,也取名大寺,成为独立的部派。如此,在锡兰岛,连同以玛欣德大长老等为传承的大寺住众,共有四个部派分裂。
Jetavana vāsigaṇassa bhijjamānakālato ekapaññāsavassādhikānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vassasatānaṃ upari kurundavāsino ca kolambavāsino ca bhikkhū bhāgineyyaṃ dāṭhāpatiṃ nāma rājānaṃ nissāya ubhatovibhaṅgaparivārakhandhakapāṭhe viparītavasena abhisaṅkharitvā vuttehi dvīhi gaṇehi visuṃ hutvā mahāvihāra vāsigaṇhattamaṃ tulayitvā upadhāretvā mahāvihāranāmaṃ gahetvā eko gaṇo bhijji. Evaṃ sīhaḷadīpe mahāmahindattherādīnaṃ vaṃsabhūtena mahāvihāravāsi gaṇena saddhiṃ cattāro gaṇā bhijjiṃsu.
其中,唯有大寺住众是如法说者,其余皆是非法说者。那三个非法说的部派,舍弃真实义,以不实义轻慢法而行,因此,在锡兰岛,这三个非法说的无耻部派,不持守“圆整、善披覆”等学处,随意外出游方。从此以后,教法中某些比丘以种种方式穿着下衣、上衣等,应知即由此而来。
Tattha mahāvihāravāsi gaṇoyeva eko dhammavādī ahosi, sesā pana adhammavādino. Te ca tayo adhammavādino gaṇā bhūtatthaṃ pahāya abhūtatthena dhammaṃ agaruṃ katvā cariṃsūti vacanato sīhaḷadīpe adhammavādino tayopi alajjino gaṇā parimaṇḍalasuppaṭicchannādisikkhāpadāni anādiyitvā vicariṃsu. Tato paṭṭhāya sāsane ekaccānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ nānappakāravasena nivāsanapārupanādīni dissantiti veditabbaṃ.
自非法说部派分裂时起,又过了五百二十七年,有一位名为尸利僧伽菩提的国王,拥护大寺派,镇压了三个非法说部派,振兴了胜者的教法。这位尸利僧伽菩提王,与我国缅甸地区阿利摩陀那城的阿努律陀王同时,享有王位。
Adhammavādigaṇānaṃ bhijjamānakālato sattavīsādhikānaṃ pañcasatānaṃ vassānañca upari sirisaṅghabodhi nāma rājā mahāvihāra gaṇassa pakkho hutvā adhammavādinā tayo gaṇe niggahitvā jinasāsanaṃ paggahesi. So ca sirisaṅgha bodhirājā amhākaṃ marammaraṭṭhe arimandananagare anuruddhena nāma raññā samakālavasena rajjasampattiṃ anubhavi.
此后,在锡兰岛,当沃诃罗迦帝须为王时,他与一位名叫迦比罗的大臣商议,依靠大寺的比丘们,镇压了非法说者之众,振兴了胜者的教法。
Tato pacchā sīhaḷadīpe vohārakatissassa nāma rañño kāle kapilena nāma amaccena saddhiṃ mantetvā mahāvihāra vāsino bhikkhū nissāya adhammavādigaṇe niggaṇhitvā jinasāsanaṃ paggaṇhāti.
此后,当瞿他婆耶为王时,他将无畏山寺的比丘们驱逐到海外,依靠大寺的比丘们净化了教法。
Tato pacchā ca goṭṭhābhayassa nāma rañño kāle abhayagiri vāsino bhikkhū parasamuddaṃ pabbājetvā mahāvihāra vāsino bhikkhū nissāya sāsanaṃ visodhayi.
此后,在瞿他婆耶王之子——摩诃舍那王在位时,无畏山寺比丘中有一位名叫僧伽蜜多的比丘,担任了国王的首席导师。他与摩诃舍那王商议,开始毁坏大玛欣德长老等阿拉汉们曾经居住的大寺园苑。那时,大寺长达九年没有比丘居住了。呜呼!那些无耻的比丘毁坏了诸大长老、大神通者的住处,犹如乌鸦毁坏了金天鹅的住处。
Tato pacchāpi goṭṭhābhayarañño puttabhūtassa mahāsenassa nāma rañño kāle abhayagirivāsīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ abbhantare saṅghamitto nāma eko bhikkhu rañño padhānācariyo hutvā mahāmahindattherādīnaṃ arahantānaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ mahāvihārārāmaṃ vinassituṃ mahāsenaraññā mantetvā ārabhi. Tadā navavassāni mahāvihāre bhikkhu sañño ahosi. Ahovata mahātherānaṃ mahiddhikānaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ alajjino bhikkhū vinassāpesuṃ, suvaṇṇahaṃssānaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ kākā viyāti.
祇园寺的比丘中,有一位名为帝须的比丘,也与此王商议,欲破坏大寺的界场。然而,由于他们并不精通此事,破坏界场的企图并未得逞。唉,那些破戒恶人的行径真是匪夷所思!恰如一只卑贱的树猴,发狂般地撕碎昂贵的迦尸布;该破坏的对象与破坏者之间,其差距也是如此悬殊。于此有偈颂:
Jetavanavāsīnañca bhikkhūnaṃ abbhantare eko tisso nāma bhikkhu teneva raññā mantetvā mahāvihāre sīmaṃ samūhani . Achekattā pana tesaṃ sīmasamūhanakammaṃ na sampajjīti. Ahovata dussīlānaṃ pāpakānaṃ kammaṃ acchariyaṃ, seyyathāpi nāma sākhamigo aggaggho kāsivatthaṃ mahagghaṃ bhinnati, evameva bhinditabbavatthunā bhedakapuggalo ativiya dūro ahosīti. Bhavanti cettha, –
犹如邪恶的树猴,自身毫无价值,
却以极大的蛮力,将那昂贵的迦尸布撕得粉碎。
如此,邪恶的非法说者,对那善妙的说法僧团,
以大精进加以破坏——啊,这真是奇特!
破坏者与被破坏者,彼此远离,遥相悬远;
从大地至有顶天,呜呼!他们竟不知此业行。
Yathā sākhamigo pāpo, appagghoyeva kāsikaṃ; Mahagghaṃ kacca bhinnaṃbhinnaṃ, mahussāhena chindati. Evaṃ adhammavādī pāpo, dhammavādigaṇaṃ subhaṃ; Mahussāhena bhindayi, aho acchariyo ayaṃ. Ārakā dūrato āsuṃ, bhinditabbehi bhedakā; Bhūmitova bhavagganto, aho kammaṃ ajānatanti.
因此,邪说众势力强盛,正说众便衰落了。犹如金天鹅因秃鹫翅膀扇起的风而无法安住本处,同样,邪说者强盛,正说者便衰落了。又像金鹿在虎林中无处藏身而觅食,正法者不能随心所欲地如法修行,得不到任何机会。
Iccevaṃ adhammavādigaṇānaṃ balavatāya dhammavādigaṇo parihāyati. Yathā hi gijjhasakuṇassa pakkhavātena suvaṇṇahaṃsā pakatiyā ṭhātuṃ na sakkonti, evameva adhammavādīnaṃ balavatāya dhammavādī parihāyati. Byagghavane viya suvaṇṇamigo nillayitvā gocaraṃ gaṇhāti, yathārucivasena dhammaṃ carituṃ okāsaṃ na labhi.
在锡兰岛,自教法建立后,已过七百二十二年;自正自觉者般涅槃后,则过了八百七十余年。那时,一位名为大王的国王统治着国家。这位国王依止以优昙跋罗耆厘山住持迦叶长老为首的大寺比丘众,正是靠国王的护持,他们清除了教法中的垢秽,犹如金匠剔除黄金中的杂质一般。
Sīhaḷadīpe sāsanassa patiṭṭhānato dvisattatādhikānaṃ catusatānaṃ vassasahassānañca upari sammāsambuddhassa parinibbānato aṭṭhasattasatādhikānaṃ vassasahassānaṃ upari mahārājā nāma bhūpālo rajjaṃ kāresi. So pana rājā ñadumbaragirivāsikassapattheraggamukhā mahāvihāravāsino bhikkhū tameva rājānaṃ nissāya sāsane malaṃ visodhesuṃ, yathā heraññiko hiraññe malanti.
他们令大寺住众以外的其他非法说者还俗并驱逐,从而净化了教法。应知,这位大王与我们缅甸国阿梨摩陀那城的君主那罗波帝阇耶苏那王同时代统治。
Mahāvihāravāsigaṇato aññe adhammavādinā uppabbā jetvā visodhesuṃ. So ca mahārājā amhākaṃ marammaraṭṭhe arimaddananagare narapaticaññisūnā nāma raññā samakāla vasena rajjaṃ kāresīti veditabbo.
此后,又依靠毗阇耶巴忽王和波罗迦罗摩巴忽王,大寺住众比丘们令教法完全清净,将一切非法说者全部勒令还俗,唯有大寺住众一支得以确立,犹如明月脱离了云雾等随烦恼的垢秽。
Tato pacchā vi vijayabāhurājānaṃ parakkamabāhurājānañca nissāya mahāvihāra vāsino bhikkhū sāsanaṃ parisuddhaṃ akaṃsu, adhammavādino sabbepi uppabbājetvā mahāvihāravāsigaṇoyeva eko patiṭṭhahi, yathā abbhādiupakkilesamalehi vimutto nisānāthoti.
吉祥僧伽菩提王、决断王帝须王、牛栏无畏王等国王,虽致力于净化教法,但因非法说者群体并未完全灭尽,教法尚未彻底清净。唯有在吉祥僧伽菩提大王、毗阇耶巴忽大王、波罗迦罗摩巴忽大王这几位国王的时期,一切非法说者才完全灭尽,教法方得彻底清净。那时,非法说者甚至无法抬头,犹如日出时的猫头鹰。
Sirisaṅghabodhirājā vohārikatissarājā goṭṭhābhayarājāti ete rājāno sāsanaṃ visodhentopi sabbena sabbaṃ adhammavādigaṇānaṃ avinassanato sāsanaṃ parisuddhaṃ na tāva ahosi. Sirisaṅghabodhirañño mahārañño vijayabāhurañño parakkamabāhuraññoti etesaṃyeva rājūnaṃ kāle sabbena sabbaṃ adhammavādīnaṃ vinassanato sāsanaṃ parisuddhaṃ ahosi. Tadā pana adhammavādinā sīsampi uṭṭhahituṃ na sakkā, yathā aruṇugge kosiyāti.
又历经漫长岁月之后,因对邪见者与凡夫的畏惧,楞伽岛上的教法衰微,乃至连勉强凑数的僧团亦不复存在。至摩诃毗阇耶巴忽王时,从罗摩那国迎请僧团,重建教法。
Aparabhāge pana ciraṃ kālaṃ atikkante micchādiṭṭhikānaṃ vijātiyānaṃ bhayena laṅkādīpe sāsanaṃ osakkitvā gaṇapūraṇamattassapi bhikkhusaṅghassa avijjamānatāya mahāvijayabāhurañño kāle rāmaññadesato saṅghaṃ ānetvā sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.
其后,于离垢法日王时,自守护城国迎请僧团,重建教法。其后,于离垢王时,复从彼处迎请僧团,重建教法。其后,于称誉吉祥狮子王时,从暹罗国迎请僧团,亦如是重建了教法。
Tato pacchā ca vimaladhammasūriyassa nāma rañño kāle rakkhāpuraraṭṭhato saṅghaṃ ānetvā sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Tato pacchā ca vimalassa nāma rañño kāle tatoyeva saṅghaṃ ānetvā sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Tato pacchā ca kittissirirājasīhassa nāma rañño kāle syāmaraṭṭhato saṅghaṃ ānetvā tatheva akāsīti.
其后,当胜者教法历经八百九十年时,值佛授王在位,有一位说法长老,除律藏与阿毗达摩藏外,将其余的经藏译为锡兰语,并加以整理后确立。此事载于《小史》中。
Tato pacchā jinasāsane navutādhike aṭṭhavassasate sampatte buddhadāsassa nāma rañño kāle eko dhamma kathikatthero ṭhapetvā vinayapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakañca avasesaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya parivattitvā abhisaṅkharitvā ṭhapesi. Tañca kāraṇaṃ cūḷavaṃse vuttaṃ.
据说,这位佛授王有约八十位王子,皆以八十位大弟子的名字命名。在这些王子中,有一位依舍利弗长老之名命名的优波提舍王子,在父王驾崩后,统治国家四十二年。
Tassa kira buddhadāsassa rañño puttā asītimattā asītimahāsāvakānaṃ nāmeneva vohāritā ahesuṃ. Tesu puttesu sāriputtattherassa nāmena vohārito eko upatisso nāma rājakumāro pitari devaṅgate dvecattālīsavassāni rajjaṃ karesi.
此后,其幼弟——名为大名的王子,统治了二十二年。在那位国王的时代,正值胜者教法已流转九百三十三年,锡兰岛上约六十六位国王的统绪圆满之时,一位名为佛音的长老前往锡兰岛,将用锡兰语写成的注释书典籍转译为摩揭陀语,并加以书写。
Tato pacchā kaniṭṭho mahānāmo nāma rājakumāro dvāvīsavassāni rajjaṃ kāresi. Tassa rañño kāle jina cakke tettiṃsādhikanavasatavasse sīhaḷadīpe chasaṭṭhimattānaṃ rājūnaṃ pūraṇakāle buddhaghoso nāma thero sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā sīhaḷabhāsāya likhite aṭṭhakathāganthe māgadhabhāsāya parivattitvā likhi.
而这位大名王,是与我们缅甸国吉祥因缘城一位名为萨维朗尼伽罗维的国王同时代统治的。然而,《小护卫经序论》却说他是与名为布鲁摩维提的国王同时代统治的,这种说法并不正确。
So pana mahānāma rājā amhākaṃ marammaraṭṭhe siripaccayanagare savilaññikrovi nāmakena raññā samakālo hutvā rajjaṃ kāresi. Parittaniddāne pana brūmavi?Thī? Nāmakena raññā samakālo hutvā rajjaṃ kāresīti vuttaṃ. Taṃ na yujjatiyeva.
在锡兰岛,有一位名为称誉吉祥云的国王即位。他在位的第九年,正是该岛六十二位王统圆满之时,也是胜者教法轮转的第八百三十年。当时,在瞻部洲的羯陵伽城,一位名为曲齿王的国王,其女婿檀牙童子带着名为金鬘的公主,盗取了佛牙舍利,乘船渡海,来到了锡兰岛。当胜者教法轮转到第八百三十八年时,最胜帝须王已统治了九年。
Sīhaḷadīpe pana kittissirimegho nāma rājā hutvā navame vasse tasmiṃyeva dīpe rājūnaṃ dvāsaṭṭhimattānaṃ pūraṇakāle jinacakke tiṃsādhike aṭṭhasatavasse jambudīpe kaliṅgapurato kuhasivassa nāma rañño jāmātā dantakumāro hemamālaṃ nāma rājadhītaṃ gahetvā dāṭhādhātuṃ thenetvā navāya taritvā sīhaḷadīpaṃ agamāsi. Jinacakke tiṃsādhikaaṭṭhavassasate jeṭṭhatissarājā navavassāni rajjaṃ kāresi.
佛陀达萨王统治了二十九年,乌波利萨王统治了四十四年,摩诃男王统治了二十二年。将这些年数全部合计,佛陀教法住世的时间便是九百三十二年。
Buddhadāsarājā ekūnatiṃsati vassāni upalissarājā cadvicattālīsavassāni mahānāmarājā dvāvīsavassānīti sabbāni sampiṇḍitvā jinasāsanaṃ dvattiṃsādhikanavavassasatappamāṇaṃ hoti.
在那时,当教法住世的时间还差两年(即还不足九百三十二年),也就是摩诃男王时代、教法住世约九百三十年之际,一位名为佛音的长老来到了楞伽岛。
Tasmiñca kāle yadā dvīhi vassehi ūnaṃ ahosi, tadā mahānāmarañño kāle tiṃsādhikanavavassasatamatte sāsane buddhaghoso nāma thero laṅkādīpaṃ agamāsi.
然而,据说在阿马罗城建造者国王的时代,锡兰岛的比丘们寄来信函,其时教法已过九百五十六年。
Amarapuramāpakassa rañño kāle sīhaḷadīpikehi bhikkhūhi pesitasannesapaṇṇe pana chapaṇṇāsādhikanavavassasatātikkante sūti vuttaṃ.
在此,我们简要讲述佛音长老的事迹。如何讲述呢?大长老们心想:‘谁能将用锡兰语字母转写的教法,转写为摩揭陀语字母呢?’他们礼请帝释天后,前往三十三天,见到名为‘音’的天子,便与诸天之主帝释一同请求他。于是,他在菩提树附近的音村,投生于一位名叫凯萨的婆罗门与一位名叫凯西娅的婆罗门女的母胎中。降生时,恰逢婆罗门们相互招呼‘请吃吧,诸贤!请喝吧,诸贤!’等,发出‘音’声,因此取名为‘音’。七岁时,他便精通了三吠陀。
Ettha ṭhatvā buddhaghosattherassa aṭṭhuppattiṃsaṅkhepamattaṃ vakkhāma. Kathaṃ. Sīhaḷabhāsakkharehi parivattitaṃ pariyattisāsanaṃ māgadhasāsakkharena ko nāma puggalo parivattituṃ sakkhissatīti mahātherā nimantayitvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gantvā ghosaṃ devaputtaṃ disvā saddhiṃ sakkena devānamindena taṃ yācitvā bodhirukkhasamīpe ghosagāme kesassa nāma brāhmaṇassa kesiyā nāma brāhmaṇiyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhāpesuṃ. Khādatha bhonto pivatha bhontotiādinā brāhmaṇānaṃ aññamaññaṃ ghosakāle vijāyanattā ghosoti nāmaṃ akāsi. Sattavassikakāle so tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū ahosi.
那时,他与一位阿罗汉共同谈论吠陀之事。结束谈论后,他请问名为‘胜义吠陀’的佛陀教语,即‘善法、不善法、无记法’等。他听后生起求学之念,便在那位阿罗汉座下出家。此后,他日日以约六万语词读诵三藏,令成口传。仅仅一个月,他便通达了三藏。
Atha kho ekena arahantena saddhiṃ vedakathaṃ sallapanto taṃ kathaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā kusalā dhammā akusalā dhammā abyākatā dhammātiādinā paramatthavedaṃ nāma buddhamantaṃ pucchi. Tadā so sutvā uggaṇhitukāmo hutvā tassa arahantassa santike pabbajitvā devasikaṃ devasikaṃ piṭakattayaṃ saṭṭhimattehi padasahassehi sajjhāyaṃ akāsi, vācuggataṃ akāsi. Ekamāseneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ pāragū ahosi.
此后,他独自在静处坐时,生起此念:‘于佛陀所说的三藏中,是我的智慧更高,还是戒师的智慧更高?’戒师知道了其中缘由,便呵责教诫他。他生起悚惧,顶礼请求原谅。戒师说:‘贤友,你前往楞伽岛,将用僧伽罗字母书写的三藏,以摩揭陀字母书写出来。若能如此,我便原谅你。’
Tato paccā raho ekakova nisinnassa etadahosi,– buddhabhāsite piṭakattaye mama vā paññā adhikā, udāhu upajjhāyassa vāti. Taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā upajjhācariyo niggahaṃ katvā ovadi. So saṃvegappatto hutvā khamāpetuṃ vandi. Upajjhācariyo tvaṃ āvuso sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā piṭakattayaṃ sīhaḷassāsakkharena likhitaṃ māgadhabhāsakkharena likhāhi, evaṃ sati ahaṃ khamissāmīti āha.
佛音使父亲脱离邪见,顶戴受持导师的教言,为书写三藏,乘船前往楞伽岛。那时,船在海上航行三日时,佛授长老也从楞伽岛乘船而来,凭借诸天的威神力,二人于途中相遇,彼此相见,询问缘由后便即明了。明了之后,佛授长老这样说道:‘贤友,我所造的《胜者庄严》被认为影响不彰,因此他们未给我转写、书写三藏的机会。然而,你前去注释三藏吧。’说完,他将帝释天所赐的诃子果、铁笔和利石送给了佛音长老。就这样,两位长老相互交谈着,两艘船自行分道而去。
Buddhaghoso ca pitaraṃ micchādiṭṭhibhāvato mocetvā ācariyassa vacanaṃ sirasā paṭiggahetvā piṭakattayaṃ likhituṃ sīhaḷadīpaṃ nāvāya agamāsi. Tadā samuddamajjhe tīhi divasehi tarante buddhadattatthero ca sīhaḷadīpato nāvāya āgacchanto antarāmagge devāna ānubhāvena aññamaññaṃ passitvā kāraṇaṃ pucchitvā jāni. Jānitvā ca buddhadattatthero evamāha,- mayā āvuso kato jinālaṅkāro appassāroti maññitvā piṭakattayaṃ parivattituṃ likhituṃ okāsaṃ nādāsuṃ, tvaṃ pana piṭakattayaṃ saṃvaṇṇehīti vatvā attano sakkena devānamindena dinnaṃ haritakiphalaṃ ayomayalekhana daṇḍaṃ nisitasilañca buddhaghosattherassa adāsi. Evaṃ tesaṃ dvinnaṃ therānaṃ aññamaññaṃ sallapantānaṃyeva nāvā sayameva apanetvā gacchiṃsu.
佛音长老到达楞伽岛后,首先拜见僧护长老,告知来意:‘我是为了用摩揭陀字母转写三藏而来的。’并呈上以‘锡兰比丘安住于戒……’为起始的偈颂。他们命他解释此偈的意义,并令他遍查三藏后作注释。即于当日傍晚,他便以此偈为起首,著作《清净道论》。论著完成后,帝释天为考验其智慧所生,便令那部著作消失。长老又重新著作了一次,帝释天同样使其消失,长老又著作了一次。如此令其著作三次后,长老出示了前两部著作,三部论著彼此一字不差。僧护长老心生满意,便将三藏交付给他。如是,在《清净道论》中有一说,谓此论是应僧护长老之请而作;而在《佛音事迹》中,则说为应僧王长老之请而作。
Buddhaghosatthero ca sīhaḷadīpaṃ patvā paṭhamaṃ saṅghapālattheraṃ passitvā piṭakattayaṃ māgadhabhāsakkharena parivattetuṃ āgatomhīti kāraṇaṃ ārocetvā sīhaḷabhikkhū ca sīle patiṭṭhāyātiādigāthaṃ niyyādetvā imissā gāthāya atthaṃ piṭakattayaṃ āloletvā saṃvaṇṇehīti uyyojesuṃ, tasmiṃyeva divase sāyanhakālato paṭṭhāya yathāvuttagāthaṃ pamukhaṃ katvā visuddhimaggaṃ akāsi. Katvā taṃ kammaṃ nipphādetvā tassa ñāṇappabhavaṃ vīmaṃsetukāmo devānamindo tañca ganthaṃ antaradhāpesi. Punāpi thero akāsi . Tatheva devānamindo antaradhāpesi. Punāpi thero akāsi. Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ kārāpetvā pubbaganthepi dassesi. Tiṇṇampi ganthānaṃ aññamaññaṃ ekapadamattenapi visesatā natthi saṅghapālatthero ca taṃ ārādhayitvā piṭakattayaṃ niyyādesi. Evaṃ visuddhimagge saṅghapālattherassa yācanaṃ ārabbha visuddhimaggo katoti āgataṃ. Buddhaghosuppattikathāyaṃ pana saṅgharājattherassa āyācanaṃ ārabbhāti āgataṃ.
这是依《佛音事迹》所述而展示的佛音事迹概要。
Ayaṃ buddhaghosuppattikathāyaṃ āgatanayena dassitabuddhaghosuppattikathāsaṅkhepo.
然而《小史》中如此记载:有位名为佛音的长老,生于大菩提树附近的一个婆罗门村,精通三吠陀,于种种论议极为善巧。他欲与他人进行问答,便在赡部洲洲游历。来到一座寺院后,作为客僧在那里坐下。彼时,寺中住着一位名为离婆多的长老。那位婆罗门青年与离婆多长老交谈,于三吠陀中无碍地问难,长老对所问一一解答。而当长老提问时,青年却无法回答。于是青年问:“尊者,这叫什么咒语?”被告知“这叫佛咒”后,他便生起学习的渴望,于是依止长老出家,学习三藏。不久,他便精通三藏。因他音声如佛,故以“佛音”之名著称。
Cūḷavaṃse panevaṃ āgato. Buddhaghosatthero nāma mahābodhirukkhasamīpe ekasmiṃ brāhmaṇagāme vijāto tiṇṇampi vedānaṃ pāragū ahosi tesu tesu vādesu ca aticheko. So aññehi ca saddhiṃ pucchābyākaraṇakammaṃ kattukāmo jambunīpatale āhiṇḍanto ekaṃ vihāraṃ patvā tasmiṃ vā āgantukabhāvena nisīdi. Tasmiñca vihāre revato nāma thero vasi. Tena therena saddhiṃ bhallapanto so brāhmaṇamāṇavo tīsu vedesu aloletvā pañhaṃ pucchi. Pucchitaṃ pucchitaṃ thero byākāsi. Therassa pana pucchitaṃ pañhaṃ māṇavo na sakkā byākātuṃ. Atha māṇavo pucchi,–ko nāmāyaṃ bhante mantoti. Buddhamanto nāmāyanti vutte uggaṇhitukāmo hutvā therassa santike pabbajitvā piṭakattayaṃ uggaṇhi. Aciraneva tiṇṇampi piṭakānaṃ pāragū ahosi. Buddhasseva ghoso yassa atthīti buddhaghosoti nāmena pākaṭo ahosi.
佛音长老坐在具寿离婆多面前,著成了一部名为《智生》的论著,以及一部名为《法集论注》的论著。之后,他发心要撰写护卫经注释,便着手进行。那时,老师这样对他说:“贤友,在赡部洲洲只有巴利圣典本身,却没有注释书,而且师承之说也已分歧。正因如此,由大玛欣德长老带来的注释书,以及在三藏结集中诵出的巴利圣典、由舍利弗长老等所开示的论道,都完整地保存在锡兰岛。你去那里,用摩揭陀语把它们记录下来吧。”佛音长老受此派遣,便前往锡兰岛,进入阿努罗陀补罗的大寺,在僧护长老面前,与锡兰注释书一道听闻了上座部的教说。之后,他禀告说:“我将撰写注释书。”锡兰比丘们便依照先前所述的方式,将“安立于戒”等偈颂交付给他。于是,佛音长老将三藏纲要连同注释书一起摄集,著成了《清净道论》。
Buddhaghoso ca āyasmato revatassa santike nisīdanto ñāṇodayaṃ nāma ganthaṃ aṭṭhassāliniñca nāma ganthaṃ akāsi. Tato pacchā parittaṭṭhakathaṃ kattukāmo hutvā ārabhi. Tadā ācariyo evamāha,– jambudīpe pana āvuso pāḷimattaṃyeva atthi, aṭṭhakathā pana natthi, ācariyavādo ca bhinno hutvā atthi, teneva mahāmahindhattherena ānitā aṭṭhakathā tīsu ca saṅgītīsu āruḷo pāḷiyo sāriputtattherādīhi desito kathāmaggo sīhaḷadīpe atthi, tvaṃ gantvā māgadhabhāsakkharena likhehīti uyyojiyamāno buddhaghosatthero sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā anurādhapure mahāvihāraṃ pavisitvā saṅghapālattherassa santike saddhiṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāya theravāde sutvā aṭṭhakathaṃ karissamīti ārocesi. Sīhaḷabhikkhū ca pubbe vuttanayeneva sīle patiṭṭhāyātiādi gāthā niyyādesuṃ. Buddhaghoso ca saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya piṭakattayaṃ saṅkhipitvā visuddhimaggaṃ akāsi.
如同先前所述的方式,帝释天隐去身形,令他抄写了三遍。僧护长老亦感满意,将三藏交付于他。
Pubbe vuttanayeneva sakko antaradhāpetvā tikkhattuṃ kārāpesi. Saṅghapālattheropi arādhayitvā piṭakattayaṃ niyyādesīti.
虽然佛音的生平在各典籍中有种种不同记述,但佛音长老前往锡兰岛书写三藏并撰写注释书这件事,才是可靠的标准,不应心生疑垢。佛音长老书写三藏已毕,便返回了赡部洲洲。
Kiñcāpi nānā ganthesu nānākārehi buddhaghosuppatti āgatā, tathāpi buddhaghosattherassa sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā piṭakattayassa likhanaṃ aṭṭhakathānañca karaṇameva pamāṇanti manokiliṭṭhaṃ na uppādetabbanti. Buddhaghosatthero vikaṭattayaṃ likhitvā jambudīpaṃ paccāgamāsi.
如此,以巴利语推动教法之后,由于师资相承的弟子及再传弟子之故,胜者之轮在锡兰岛犹如正午的太阳般极度辉煌。数以千万计的须陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿罗汉令楞伽岛无比庄严。犹如以遍开众花的三十由旬波利质多罗树为庄严的三十三天,又如遍布百叶莲花等的大莲池,在所有大道、支路、商铺、门前、渡口、山林、山岳、洞窟、殿堂、精舍、讲堂等处,没有一处未得道果之地。即使稍待片刻,在托钵站立之处,也能证得道果。
Iccevaṃ pāḷibhāsāya pariyattiṃ parivattitvā pacchā ācariyaparamparasissānusissavasena sīhaḷadīpe jinacakkaṃ majjhanti kaṃsumāsī viya atidibbati, anekakoṭippamāṇehi sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmiarahantehi laṅkādīpaṃ atisobhati, sabbapāliphullena tiyojanikapāricchattakarukkhena tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ viya satapattapadumādīhi mahāpokkharaṇī viya tesu tesu ṭhānesu maggamahāmaggaāpakagharadvāratitthavanapabbataguhamandiravihārasālādīsu aladdhamaggaphalaṭṭhānaṃ nāma kiñci natthi, thokaṃ āgametvā piṇḍāya patiṭṭhamānapadesepi maggaphalāni labhiṃsuyeva.
由于证得道果的人极多,不得不伸出手指来指出:“这是凡夫,这是凡夫。”在某个时期,楞伽岛没有凡夫比丘。正如《分别论注》中所说:“曾有一时,没有凡夫比丘。”
Maggaphalāni sacchikarontānaṃ puggalānaṃ bāhullatāya ayaṃ puthujjano ayaṃ puthujjanoti aṅguliṃ pasāretvā dassetabbo hoti. Ekasmiṃ kāle sīhaḷadīpe puthujjana bhikkhu nāma natthi. Tathā hi vuttaṃ vibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, ekavāraṃ puthujjanabhikkhu nāma natthīti.
据说,由于具足神通、大威力的比丘们往来不息,在谷仓中劳作的女人们连喘口气的工夫也没有,全然得不到堆积谷物的机会。
Abhiññālābhīnaṃ kira mahiddhikānaṃ gamanāgamanavasena sūriyossāsaṃ alabhitvā dhaññakoṭṭakā mātugāmā dhaññakoṭṭituṃ okāsaṃ na labhiṃsu.
善意沙弥从天上将右锁骨舍利带来楞伽岛。为显示其神通,他以水滴遍覆三百由旬的整个楞伽岛,使其如同世尊曾受用的塔院广场一般。乘船航行于大海的人,从水面上望见仅如椰子大小的景象,便向整个楞伽岛礼敬。阿利咤长老与大约五百位比丘,首先在大玛欣德长老面前学习了律藏。由于这些因缘,楞伽岛成为胜者之轮的安立处,获得了“胜岛”的名称。
Devalokato sumanasāmaṇero dakkhiṇakkhakaṃ sīhaḷadīpaṃ anetvā tassa pāṭihāriyaṃ dassanavasena uddhakabindhūhi tiyojanasataṃ sakalampi laṅkādīpaṃ byāpatvā bhagavatā paribhuttacetiyaṅgaṇaṃ viya hutvā navāya gacchantā mahāsamudde udakato nāḷikeramattampi disvā sakalaṅkādīpaṃ pūjenti, mahāmahindattherassa santike ariṭṭhattherena saddhiṃ pañcamattā bhikkhusatā paṭhamaṃ tāva vinayapiṭakaṃ uggaṇhiṃsūti imehi kāraṇehi laṅkādīpaṃ jinacakkassa patiṭṭhānaṃ hutvā varadīpanti nāmaṃ paṭilabhi.
就在锡兰岛,将三藏写成书册,令其确立。其后,在名为盗龙的国王时期,饥荒之怖遍及全楞伽岛,持诵三藏的比丘们便前往赡部洲洲。那些没有前往、留住当地的比丘,也被饥渴之怖所迫,绑紧腹皮,将腹部贴在沙堆上,坚持持诵三藏。
Sīhaḷadīpeyeva piṭakattayaṃ potthakāruḷavasena patiṭṭhāpetvā tato pacchā coranāgassa nāma rañño kāle sakalalaṅkādīpaṃ dubbhikkhabhayena pīḷetvā piṭakattayaṃ dhārentā bhikkhū jambudīpaṃ āgamaṃsu. Anāgantvā tattheva ṭhitāpi bhikkhū chātakabhayena pīḷetvā udarapaṭalaṃ bandhitvā kucchiṃ vālukarāsimhi ṭhapetvā piṭakattayaṃ dhāresuṃ.
到了曲耳提沙王时,饥荒之怖平息,比丘们从赡部洲洲重返锡兰岛,与留在锡兰岛的比丘们一起,在大寺将三藏逐一对照,令无乖违,达到彼此一致后方才确立。确立之后,便于锡兰岛妥善地持诵守护。
Kuṭa kaṇṇatissassa rañño kāleyeva dubbhikkhabhayaṃ vūpasamitvā jambudīpato bhikkhū puna gantvā sīhaḷadīpe ṭhitehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ mahāvihāre piṭakattayaṃ avirodhāpetvā samasamaṃ katvā ṭhapesuṃ. Ṭhapetvā ca pana sīhaḷadīpeyeva suṭṭhu dhāresuṃ.
佛音长老就在那里将诸注释书转译为摩揭陀语并加以编纂。其后,大部分注释书的复注、随注、鬘注、要义论等,也都在那里撰成。于是,教法如空中明月,显耀于世。
Tattheva aṭṭhakathāyo buddhaghosatthero māgadhabhāsāya parivattetvā viraci. Pacchā ca yebhuyyena tattheva aṭṭhakathāṭīkāanumadhulakkhaṇagaṇṭhiganthantarāni akaṃsu. Puna sāsanaṃ nabhe ravinduva pākaṭanti.
其中,《佛种姓经》的注释由佛授长老撰写。《如是语》《自说》《行藏》《长老偈》《长老尼偈》《天宫事》《饿鬼事》《导论》等注释书,则由法护长老撰写。而这位法护长老因住在锡兰岛附近的达弥罗国枣津,故也应将他归于锡兰岛来叙述。
Tattha buddhavaṃsaṭṭhakathaṃ buddhadattatthere akāsi. Itivuttodānacariyāpiṭakatherātherīvimānavatthupetavatthunettiaṭṭhakathāyo ācariyadhammapālatthero akāsi. So ca ācariyadhammapālatthero sīhaḷadīpassa samīpe damilaraṭṭhe badaratitthamhi nivāsitattā sīhaḷadīpeyeva saṅgahetvā vattabbo.
《无碍解道》的注释由名为大名的长老撰写。《大义释》的注释由名为优波先那的长老撰写。而阿毗达摩复注,则由阿难陀长老撰写。此复注是一切复注中最早产生的,故以‘根本复注’著称。
Paṭisambhidāmaggaṭṭhakathaṃ mahānāmo nāma thero ākāsi. Mahāniddesaṭṭhakathaṃ upaseno nāma thero akāsi. Abhidhammaṭīkaṃ pana ānandatthero akāsi. Sā ca sabbāsaṃ ṭīkānaṃ ādibhūtattā mūlaṭīkāti pākaṭā.
《清净道论》的大复注、《长部》义注的复注、《中部》义注的复注以及《相应部》义注的复注——这些皆是阿阇梨法护长老所造。
Visuddhimaggassa mahāṭīkaṃ dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ṭīkaṃ majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ṭīkaṃ saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ṭīkañhāti imāyo ācariyadhammapālatthero akāsi.
名为《要义灯明》的律藏复注与增支部复注,是应勇臂王之请,由舍利弗长老所作。名为《除疑解闷》的律藏复注,则是住于达米拉国的迦叶长老所作。
Sāratthadīpaniṃ nāma vinayaṭīkaṃ aṅguttaranikāyaṭīkañca parakkamabāhuraññā yācito sāriputtatthero akāsi. Vimativinodaniṃ nāma vinayaṭīkaṃ damilaraṭṭhavāsikassapatthero akāsi.
而随复注则是阿阇梨法护长老所作。由于它解释了根本复注中未阐明的义理,故称为随复注。
Anuṭīkaṃ pana ācariyadhammapālatthero. Sā ca mūlaṭīkāya anuttānatthāni uttānāni saṃvaṇṇitattā anuṭīkā tivuccati.
《清净道论》的小复注和《蜜灯明》,是其他长老所作。此注将根本复注的未尽之义与未阐明之义,对照根本复注而作,且文辞甜美,故称为《蜜灯明》。而名为《断痴》的纲要论,则是迦叶长老所作。
Visuddhimaggassa cūḷaṭīkaṃ makhudīpaniñca aññetarā therā akaṃsu. Sā ca mūlaṭīkāya atthāvasesāti ca anuttānatthāti ca katvā mūlaṭīkāya saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā katattā madhura sattā ca madhudīpaninti vuccati. Mohavicchedaniṃ pana lakkhaṇaganthaṃ kassapatthero akāsi.
《入阿毗达摩论》《色无色分别论》与《律藏决断论》是佛授长老所造。《律藏摄要》是舍利弗长老所造。《小学》是法吉祥长老所造。《究竟谛决断论》《名色分别论》与《阿毗达摩义摄论》是阿那律长老所造。《谛要略》是法护长老所造。《安稳论》是安稳长老所造。这些论著,因注释简要、易于把握要义,故总称为纲要论。
Ābhidhammāvatāraṃ pana rupārūpavibhāgaṃ vinayavinicchayañca buddha dattatthero. Vinayasaṅgahaṃ sāriputtatthero. Khuddasikkhaṃ dhammasiritthero . Paramatthavinicchayaṃ nāmarūpaparicchedaṃ abhidhammatthasaṅgañca anuruddhatthero. Saccasaṅkhepaṃ dhammapālatthero. Khemaṃ khematthero. Te ca saṅkhepato saṃvaṇṇitattā sukhena ca lakkhaṇiyattā lakkhaṇaganthāti vuccanti.
在它们的注释中,《阿毗达摩义摄论》的古注,是新月净觉长老所造。《谛要略》《名色分别论》《安稳论》《入阿毗达摩论》的古注,是语自在声大长老所造。《究竟谛决断论》的古注,是大觉长老所造。
Tesaṃ pana saṃvaṇṇanāsu abhidhammatthasaṅgahassa porāṇaṭīkaṃ navavimalabuddhitthero akāsi. Saccaṃsaṅkhepanāmarūpaparicchedakhemāabhidhammāvatārānaṃ porāṇaṭīkaṃ vācissaramahāsāmitthero. Paramatthavinicchayassa porāṇaṭīkaṃ mahābodhitthero.
《阿毗达摩义摄论》与《入阿毗达摩论》的新复注,是善吉祥长老所造。《谛要略》的新复注,是住林长老所造。《名色分别论》的新复注,是大长老所造。《究竟谛决断论》的新复注,是某一位长老所造。《律藏决断论》的复注,是离婆多长老所造。《小学》的古注,是大名称长老所造。该《小学》的新复注,是护僧长老所造。
Abhidhamatthasaṅgahābhidhammāvatārābhinava ṭīkāyo sumaṅgalasāmitthero. Saccasaṅkhepābhinavaṭīkaṃ araññavāsitthero. Nāmarūpaparicchedābhinavaṭīkaṃ mahāsāmitthero. Paramatthavinicchayābhinavaṭīkaṃ aññataratthero. Vinayavinicchayaṭīkaṃ revatatthero. Khuddasikkhāya purāṇaṭīkaṃ mahāyasatthero. Tāyayeva abhinavaṭīkaṃ saṅgharakkhitattheroti.
名为《金刚智》的律藏句义释,是金刚智长老所作。《小结》、《中结》与《大结》,是锡兰岛住持长老们所作。这些著作因未按次第逐一注释,而仅解说未阐明的义理,故被称为句义释。
Vajirabuddhiṃ nāma vinayagaṇṭhipadatthaṃ vajirabuddhitthero. Cūḷagaṇṭhiṃ majjhimagaṇṭhiṃ mahāgaṇṭhiñca sīhaḷadīpavāsino therā. Te ca padakkamena asaṃvaṇṇetvā anuttānatthāyeva saṃvaṇṇitattā gaṇṭhipadatthāti vuccanti.
而《辞典灯明》是大目犍连长老所作。《义释》是小觉长老所作。《韵起论》、《关系思惟论》和《善觉庄严论》是僧护长老所作。《语法论》是目犍连长老所作。
Abhidhānappadīpikaṃ pana mahāmoggalānatthero. Atthabyakkhānaṃ cūḷabuddhatthero. Vuttodayaṃ sambandhacintanaṃ subodhālaṅkārañca saṅgharakkhitatthero. Byākaraṇaṃ moggalānatthero.
《大史》、《小史》、《岛史》、《塔史》、《菩提树史》与《舍利史》,是锡兰岛住持长老们所作。而《佛牙舍利史》是法称长老所造。这些因是以经典之外的方式所述,故被称为外典。
Mahāvaṃsaṃ cūḷavaṃsaṃ dīpavaṃsaṃ thūpavaṃsaṃ bodhivaṃsaṃ dhātuvaṃ sañca sīhaḷadīpavāsino therā. Dāṭhādhātuvaṃsaṃ pana dhammakittitthero akāsi. Ete ca pāḷimuttakavasena vuttattā ganthantarāti vuccanti.
如是应知:佛音等诸胜长老,尽其所能、尽其力势,护持教法与圣典,犹如大榕树,由众多大根、众多大枝、众多小枝共相扶持,日益增长广大,坚固而长久住立。
Iccevaṃ buddhaghosādayo thera varā yathābalaṃ yathāsattiṃ pariyattiṃ sāsanaṃ upatthambhetvā bahūhi mūlehi bahuhisākhāhi bahūhi ca viṭapehi upatthambhiyamāno vepullamā pajjamāno mahānigrodharukkho viya thiraṃ hutvā cirakālaṃ tiṭṭhatīti veditabbaṃ.
这便是锡兰岛自书册记载以来,教法得以确立之后的情形。
Idaṃ sīhaḷadīpe potthakāruḷhato pacchā sāsanassa patiṭṭhānaṃ.
而这些大长老们,也是各尽其能、各尽其力,
撰成注疏等诸书后,便归于死亡之口。
譬如于世间,月亮放出光明之后,
为众生带来利益,便趣入利乐。
同样地,长老们以智慧之光耀照,
为众生带来利益,达于利乐。
Etepi ca mahāthero, yathāsattiṃ yathābalaṃ; Aṭṭhakathādayo katvā, maccumukhaṃ upāgamuṃ. Seyyathāpi ca lokasmiṃ, obhāsitvāna candimā; Āvahitvāna sattānaṃ, hitaṃ atthaṃva gacchati. Evameva mahātherā, ñāṇobhāsehi bhāsiya; Āvahitvāna sattānaṃ, hitaṃ atthaṃva gacchati.