Dhātukathāpakaraṇa-anu复注
113 段
《界论》复注显示巴利原文
Dhātukathāpakaraṇa-anuṭīkā
著作起始之注释显示巴利原文
Ganthārambhavaṇṇanā
为显示《界论》的教导时间——其说法地点、说法者与听众等如前所述,故说“正在教导《界论》”等。因为“就在它之后教导了”一语,已表明《界论》是在《分别论》之后宣说,由此标示其教导时间。然而,有人主张“在《分别论》之后教导了《论事》”,为驳斥彼说,才说“为显示在《分别论》之后……”。显示巴利原文
Dhātukathāpakaraṇadesanāya desadesakaparisāpadesā vuttappakārā evāti kālāpadesaṃ dassento ‘‘dhātukathāpakaraṇaṃ desento’’tiādimāha. ‘‘Tasseva anantaraṃ adesayī’’ti hi iminā vibhaṅgānantaraṃ dhātukathā desitāti tassā desanākālo apadiṭṭho hoti. Ye pana ‘‘vibhaṅgānantaraṃ kathāvatthupakaraṇaṃ desita’’nti vadanti, tesaṃ vādaṃ paṭikkhipanto ‘‘vibhaṅgānantaraṃ…pe… dassetu’’nti āha.
依据“欲是你们的第一支军队”等语,也可说摧毁烦恼即是摧破天子魔之力。但此处因说“以令不生起的方式,对烦恼、行、蕴之魔……”,故应以忍力、信力等的威力,摧破精进与群众之力,视为摧破天子魔之力。超越所缘即是超越欲界。以断除集谛与遍知的方式,即依断现观与遍知现观。难道诸声闻不是也能摧破这五魔吗?为回应此诘难,故说“无其他所依”等。“英雄的状态”即指精进,故说“大精进即大英雄”。此大精进性,当知由圆满的精进巴拉密、具足四支的精进决意,以及不共外道的四正勤成就而了知。正因如此,他的精进不会减损,成就喜悦。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’tiādivacanato (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28; cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47) kilesaviddhaṃsanampi devaputtamārassa balavidhamananti sakkā vattuṃ, ‘‘appavattikaraṇavasena kilesābhisaṅkhāramārāna’’nti pana vuccamānattā khantibalasaddhābalādiānubhāvena ussāhaparisābalabhañjanameva devaputtamārassa balaviddhaṃsanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Visayātikkamanaṃ kāmadhātusamatikkamo. Samudayappahānapariññāvasenāti pahānābhisamayapariññābhisamayānaṃ vasena. Nanu cetaṃ pañcannaṃ mārānaṃ bhañjanaṃ sāvakesupi labbhatevāti codanaṃ manasi katvā āha ‘‘parūpanissayarahita’’ntiādi. Vīrassa bhāvo vīriyanti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘mahāvīriyoti mahāvīro’’ti. Mahāvīriyatā ca paripuṇṇavīriyapāramitāya caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānena anaññasādhāraṇacatubbidhasammappadhānasampattiyā ca veditabbā. Tato eva hissa vīriyāhānisiddhipīti.
以蕴等诸法为所依、近依、所缘而展开阿毗达摩论说,故说“或以阿毗达摩论说之所依的含义”。因为是对它们进行论说,即是对那些蕴等进行论说。由是,“论”即是依止于特殊义理的文句集合。再者,在此中讨论界,或通过此讨论界,故名为“界论”,即如此生起的文句与义理的集合。若如此,七部论都会成为“界论”了——为回应此诘难,故说“虽然……”等。其中,“殊胜”是指教导以特别、丰富且无遗漏的方式展开。正如所说:“《法集论》的全部都是《界论》的论母”。因此说:“在其他地方,只是部分地论说而已”。显示巴利原文
Khandhādike dhamme adhiṭṭhāya nissāya visayaṃ katvā abhidhammakathā pavattāti āha ‘‘abhidhammakathādhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena vā’’ti. Tesaṃ kathanatoti tesaṃ khandhādīnaṃ kathābhāvato. Etena atthavisesasannissayo byañjanasamudāyo pakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā dhātuyo kathīyanti ettha, etena vāti dhātukathā, tathāpavatto byañjanatthasamudāyo. Yadi evaṃ sattannampi pakaraṇānaṃ dhātukathābhāvo āpajjatīti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘yadipī’’tiādi. Tattha sātisayanti savisesaṃ vicittātirekavasena anavasesato ca desanāya pavattattā. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī dhātukathāya mātikā’’ti (dhātu. 5). Tenevāha ‘‘ekadesakathanameva hi aññattha kata’’nti.
现在,为显示“界”一词在教法中通用的那些意义,从而说明此论书具有与其他论书不共的“界论”性质,而说“或以蕴、处、界……”等。其中,“在彼处”指在蕴、处、界之中。具有广大、随从分别的所缘者,称为“大所缘”,这是指界,而非蕴与处,因为后者的分类较少。又或者,诸法以某种自性,依摄不摄、相应不相应等,于总说与别说中得以安立,此自性即是“界”。在此,此“界”被特别地教导,故因对界作了特说,此论书称为“界论”。因为“界”一词在此处是“自性”的意义,如同“诸比丘,众生以界而相合”等(《相应部》2.98)中的用法。“界类别”即界的区分。“论”是剩余的词。为什么能获得“论”这个词呢?答:“因为七部论的注释是按次第进行的”。以此结合后,即以此“论”字,结合成“界论即是论,故为《界论》”。那阐明,即对《界论》的义理阐明,是以阐明义理的方式进行的注释。说了“我将阐明义理”之后,又说“你们听吧”,这是通过耳门策励他们对此专注,故说“通过听闻那阐明的言说而专注吧,这是其义”。显示巴利原文
Idāni sāsane yesu dhātu-saddo niruḷho, tesaṃ vasena aññehipi asādhāraṇaṃ imassa pakaraṇassa dhātukathābhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘khandhāyatanadhātūhi vā’’tiādimāha. Tattha tatthāti khandhāyatanadhātūsu. Mahanto pabhedānugato visayo etāsanti mahāvisayā, dhātuyo, na khandhāyatanāni appatarapadattā. Yena vā sabhāvena dhammā saṅgahāsaṅgahasampayogavippayogehi uddesaniddese labhanti, so sabhāvo dhātu. Sā dhātu idha sātisayaṃ desitāti savisesaṃ dhātuyā kathanato idaṃ pakaraṇaṃ ‘‘dhātukathā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sabhāvattho hi ayaṃ dhātu-saddo ‘‘dhātuso, bhikkhave , sattā saṃsandantī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.98) viya. Dhātubhedanti dhātuvibhāgaṃ. Pakaraṇanti vacanaseso. Kuto pakaraṇa-saddo labbhatīti āha ‘‘sattannaṃ pakaraṇānaṃ kamena vaṇṇanāya pavattattā’’ti. Tena yojanaṃ katvāti tena pakaraṇa-saddena ‘‘dhātukathāva pakaraṇaṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇa’’nti yojanaṃ katvā. Taṃ dīpananti taṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇassa atthadīpanaṃ, atthadīpanākārena pavattaṃ vaṇṇanaṃ. ‘‘Atthaṃ dīpayissāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘taṃ suṇāthā’’ti vadanto sotadvārānusārena tattha upadhāraṇe niyojetīti āha ‘‘taṃdīpanavacanasavanena upadhārethāti attho’’ti.
一、论母注释显示巴利原文
1. Mātikāvaṇṇanā
一、方法论母注释显示巴利原文
1. Nayamātikāvaṇṇanā
1 “以十四种方式”即十四种类型,指十四个项目。其中,“摄与不摄”是一个项目,同样“相应与不相应”也是一个项目。而“与所摄者相应、不相应”等,则是每三个词为一个项目。其余项目的划分容易理解。通过这些,即通过摄等方式。引导、令到达,而此又有进行与了知之义,故说“进行、被了知”两种意义。那些正在被列举的引导本身就是论母。在两种意义中,由于进行与了知的作用是工具格的意义,故摄等方式被称为“引导”。因此,在义注中说:“以此摄等的方式”(《界论义注》1)。“句”即阐明意义的言辞。因为通过它而到达意义,故为“句”。而“句”是所属格,表示整体与部分的关系;“论”则是部分与整体的关系。显示巴利原文
1.Cuddasavidhenāti cuddasappakārena, cuddasahi padehīti attho. Tattha ‘‘saṅgaho asaṅgaho’’ti idamekaṃ padaṃ, tathā ‘‘sampayogo vippayogo’’ti. ‘‘Saṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayutta’’ntiādīni pana tīṇi tīṇi padāni ekekaṃ padaṃ. Itaresu padavibhāgo suviññeyyova. Etehīti saṅgahādippakārehi. Nayanaṃ pāpanaṃ, taṃ pana pavattanaṃ ñāpanañca hotīti ‘‘pavattīyati ñāyantī’’ti ca dvidhāpi attho vutto. Nayā eva uddisiyamānā mātikā. Atthadvayepi pavattanañāṇakiriyānaṃ karaṇabhāvena saṅgahādippakārā nayāti vuttā. Tenāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘iminā saṅgahādikena nayenā’’ti (dhātu. aṭṭha. 1). Padānanti atthadīpakānaṃ vacanānaṃ. Pajjati etena atthoti hi padaṃ. Padānanti ca saṃsāmisambandhe sāmivacanaṃ, pakaraṇassāti pana avayavāvayavīsambandhe.
二、内部论母注释显示巴利原文
2. Abbhantaramātikāvaṇṇanā
2 二、所谓“缘起之义”,即指缘起诸义。“缘起”是指由此而生起行等,即无明等各个缘法。正如《行藏》中所说:“十二缘,十二缘起”。“他们”指蕴等。“如是所示”指仅以计数、列举、分别的方式所示者。然而,为何此处缘起仅以十二种体性来把握?难道不是于彼处以业有等差别而把握“有”,并以此经文中以忧等自体而把握吗?针对此问难,而说“在那里”等语。“在那里”是指在“以一百二十五句”等如此所说的注释语中。以业有的存在性,以生有的存在性。若从词义来说,业有是“由此而存在”故为有,另一种是“存在”或“存在性”。以其为因的苦性,即以老死为因的苦性。显示巴利原文
2.Tadatthānīti paṭiccasamuppādatthāni. Paṭicca samuppajjati saṅkhārādikaṃ etasmāti hi paṭiccasamuppādo, paccekaṃ avijjādiko paccayadhammo. Tathā hi vuttaṃ saṅkhārapiṭake ‘‘dvādasa paccayā, dvādasa paṭiccasamuppādā’’ti. Tesanti khandhādīnaṃ. Tathādassitānanti gaṇanuddesavibhāgamattena dassitānaṃ. Kasmā panettha paṭiccasamuppādo dvādasabhāveneva gahito, nanu tattha bhavo kammabhavādibhedena, sokādayo ca sarūpatoyeva idha pāḷiyaṃ gahitāti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘tatthā’’tiādi. Tattha tatthāti tasmiṃ ‘‘pañcavīsādhikena padasatenā’’ti evaṃ vutte aṭṭhakathāvacane. Kammabhavassa bhāvanabhāvena, upapattibhavassa bhavanabhāvena. Padatthato pana kammabhavo bhavati etasmāti bhavo, itaro bhavati, bhavanaṃ vāti. Tannidānadukkhabhāvenāti jarāmaraṇanidānadukkhabhāvena.
“《法集》全部是《界论》的论母”这句话,也只是对《界论》论母的称述而已,因此,不能同意“全部……论母是《界论》论母之外所说”的说法,而说“或者”等语。意思是:在其它论典中所说的内容,作为《界论》的论母。虽然在此是作为论母而说,但由于属于其它论典,故是从他处当取之形态,因此名为“外部”;而像五蕴等,以自体把握者,则是“内部”。因此说“以自体显示而安置故”。所谓“未被论母所摄”,是指未被论母以自体所摄,并非以其它方式不被所摄。因为没有任何词义不被论母所摄。“以分散性”,是说在蕴分别等中,各各分散、扩散的状态。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī dhātukathāya mātikā’’ti idampi dhātukathāya mātikākittanamevāti ‘‘sabbāpi…pe… mātikāti ayaṃ dhātukathāmātikāto bahiddhā vuttā’’ti vacanaṃ asambhāvento ‘‘atha vā’’tiādimāha . Pakaraṇantaragatā vuttā dhātukathāya mātikābhāvenāti attho. Kāmañcettha mātikābhāvena vuttā, pakaraṇantaragatattā pana aññato gahetabbarūpā ito bahibhūtā nāma honti, sarūpato gahitāva pañcakkhandhātiādikā abbhantarā. Tenāha ‘‘sarūpato dassetvā ṭhapitattā’’ti. Mātikāya asaṅgahitattāti mātikāya sarūpena asaṅgahitattā, na aññathā. Na hi mātikāya asaṅgahito koci padattho atthi. Vikiṇṇabhāvenāti khandhavibhaṅgādīsu visuṃ visuṃ kiṇṇabhāvena visaṭabhāvena.
3. 门径之母论释显示巴利原文
3. Nayamukhamātikāvaṇṇanā
3 三、诸理趣的摄等种种方式的宣说,其出口之处即为门。如前所说的诸法,随其所应,即蕴、处、界以及无色蕴,这些法的列举,便是理趣门论母。因此说“诸理趣”等语。具有分离的性质,或者说这些存在分离,故称为“分离者”;同样,“结合者”。至于“摄与不摄诸法”、“分离者与结合者诸法”、“摄……诸法”等,是以摄与不摄、分离与结合的方式而转起的自性,这就是它们的含义。以“十四”等句,使此义更为明了。“以他们”是指以蕴等及无色蕴等。“他们四种”是指摄等四种。“与谛等”就是与谛、根、缘起等一起。“随其可能”,即随应可能,凡某句适合说为“所摄”或“非所摄”,便那样说,这就是它的含义。显示巴利原文
3.Nayānaṃ saṅgahādippakāravisesānaṃ pavatti desanā, tassā viniggamaṭṭhānatāya dvāraṃ. Yathāvuttadhammā yathārahaṃ khandhāyatanadhātuyo arūpino ca khandhāti tesaṃ uddeso nayamukhamātikā. Tenāha ‘‘nayāna’’ntiādi. Viyujjanasīlā, viyogo vā etesaṃ atthīti viyogino, tathā sahayogino, saṅgahāsaṅgahadhammā ca viyogīsahayogīdhammā ca saṅgahā…pe… dhammā, saṅgaṇhanāsaṅgaṇhanavasena viyujjanasaṃyujjanavasena ca pavattanakasabhāvāti attho. Cuddasapītiādinā tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti. Yehīti yehi khandhādīhi arūpakkhandhehi ca. Te cattāroti te saṅgahādayo cattāro. Saccādīhipīti saccaindriyapaṭiccasamuppādādīhipi saha. Yathāsambhavanti sambhavānurūpaṃ, yaṃ yaṃ padaṃ saṅgahito asaṅgahitoti ca vattuṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ tanti attho.
所谓摄与不摄,是就能摄者——蕴等——而说,并非就所摄者——谛等——而说。因为在这里,蕴、处、界正是作为所摄者。只以蕴等本身作为能摄,亦即仅以蕴等作为摄的作用之所摄者,而作这样的规定:“以蕴摄而摄,以处摄而不摄,以界摄而不摄,这些法以四蕴、二处、八界而不摄。”因此,因为谛等是作为能摄者而说,不是作为所摄者,而蕴等才是作为所摄者而说,所以如此。显示巴利原文
So panāti saṅgahāsaṅgaho. Saṅgāhakabhūtehīti saṅgahaṇakiriyāya kattubhūtehi. Tehīti saccādīhi. Na saṅgahabhūtehīti saṅgahaṇakiriyāya karaṇabhūtehi saccādīhi saṅgahāsaṅgaho na vutto. Tatthāpi hi khandhāyatanadhātuyo eva karaṇabhūtāti dasseti. Khandhādīheva saṅgahehīti khandhādīhiyeva saṅgaṇhanakiriyāya karaṇabhūtehi, ‘‘khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatanasaṅgahena asaṅgahitā , dhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā, te dhammā catūhi khandhehi, dvīhāyatanehi, aṭṭhahi dhātūhi asaṅgahitā’’ti saṅgahāsaṅgaho niyametvā vutto. Tasmāti yasmā saccādīni saṅgāhakabhāvena vuttāni, na saṅgahabhāvena, khandhādīniyeva ca saṅgahabhāvena vuttāni, tasmā.
于此,为何不以谛等做摄而说?因为那样的教导不可能。因为不可能以集谛等来提问或回答色蕴等的摄,也不可能以根等来提问或回答想等的摄。同样,在圣果等中生起的受等,已从谛解脱,即使问“受蕴以几谛所摄”,也不能规定说“以一谛所摄”等而显示摄。“随其可能”即是:随其与某法相应、与某法不相应,而于此随应。显示巴利原文
Kasmā panettha saccādayo saṅgahavasena na vuttāti? Tathādesanāya asambhavato. Na hi sakkā rūpakkhandhādīnaṃ samudayasaccādīhi, saññādīnaṃ vā indriyādīhi saṅgahanayena pucchituṃ vissajjituṃ vāti. Tathā ariyaphalādīsu uppannavedanādīnaṃ saccavinimuttatāya ‘‘vedanākkhandho katihi saccehi saṅgahito’’ti pucchitvāpi ‘‘ekena saccena saṅgahito’’tiādinā niyametvā saṅgahaṃ dassetuṃ na sakkāti. Yathāsambhavanti yehi sampayogo, yehi ca vippayogo, tadanurūpaṃ.
色与色、色与涅槃,以及涅槃与色,都不是不相应的关系。为什么?因为“相应”在此是不可能发生的性质。由于四蕴彼此有相应性,便可能有“色与涅槃也有此相应”的疑惑,因此说它们与其他、其他与它们的不相应;然而,色与色、色与涅槃、涅槃与色,在任何处都无相应,没有那样的疑惑,所以不说色与色的不相应、色与涅槃的不相应或涅槃与色的不相应,而只说与无色蕴的不相应。因此说“仅四种”等语。对于非所缘的眼处等,以及非所缘及非所缘杂——即与非所缘的耳处等及与非所缘杂的法处等——对于杂的法处等,应连接为“与非所缘及非所缘杂,没有”。然而,为了显示哪些与哪些有不相应,而说“对于非所缘”等。正如同有所缘与非所缘及非所缘杂有不相应,同样,与有所缘也有不相应;对非所缘及非所缘杂也应当如此理解。显示巴利原文
Rūpaṃ rūpena nibbānena vā vippayuttaṃ na hoti, nibbānaṃ vā rūpena. Kasmā? Sampayuttanti anāsaṅkanīyasabhāvattā. Catunnañhi khandhānaṃ aññamaññaṃ sampayogībhāvato ‘‘rūpanibbānehipi so atthi natthī’’ti siyā āsaṅkā, tasmā tesaṃ itarehi, itaresañca tehi vippayogo vuccati, na pana rūpassa rūpena, nibbānena vā, nibbānassa vā rūpena katthaci sampayogo atthīti tadāsaṅkābhāvato vippayogopi rūpassa rūpanibbānehi, nibbānassa vā tena na vuccati, arūpakkhandhehiyeva pana vuccatīti āha ‘‘catūhevā’’tiādi. Anārammaṇassa cakkhāyatanādikassa. Anārammaṇaanārammaṇamissakehīti anārammaṇena sotāyatanādinā anārammaṇamissakena ca dhammāyatanādinā. Missakassa dhammāyatanādikassa. Anārammaṇaanārammaṇamissakehi na hotīti yojetabbaṃ. Yesaṃ pana yehi hoti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘anārammaṇassa panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yathā hi sārammaṇassa anārammaṇena anārammaṇamissakena ca vippayogo hoti, evaṃ sārammaṇenapi so hotiyeva. Tena viya anārammaṇassa anārammaṇamissakassa cāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
4. 相之母论释显示巴利原文
4. Lakkhaṇamātikāvaṇṇanā
4 四、应作别立瑜伽——凡由三种摄及四种相应所说者,即是同类性的结合;凡由三种不摄及四种不相应所说者,即是异类性。为显示此义而说“摄……乃至……可知”。凡被摄之法,即蕴等,是同类;凡不被摄,即是异类。于相应等中也应如此了知。如今,为了依自相状抉择、显示如前所说的同类性,故说“其中”等。于此,于摄中,同自性者即是同类;于相应中,同生起等即是同类。以此显示:于不摄中,无同自性者即是异类;于不相应中,凡夫起等即是异类。此义已成立,故不再说。显示巴利原文
4.Visuṃ yojanā kātabbāti yo tīhi saṅgaho catūhi ca sampayogo vutto, taṃ sabhāgo bhāvo payojeti, yo ca tīhi asaṅgaho catūhi ca vippayogo vutto, taṃ visabhāgo bhāvoti imamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘saṅgaho…pe… viññāyatī’’ti āha. Yassa saṅgaho, so dhammo khandhādiko sabhāgo. Yassa asaṅgaho, so visabhāgo. Tathā sampayogesupi veditabbaṃ. Idāni yathāvuttaṃ sabhāgataṃ sarūpato niddhāretvā dassetuṃ ‘‘tatthā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha samānabhāvo saṅgahe sabhāgatā, ekuppādādiko sampayogeti iminā ruppanādividhuro asamānasabhāvo asaṅgahe visabhāgatā, nānuppādādiko vippayogeti ayamattho atthasiddhoti na vuttoti.
5. 外部母表解说显示巴利原文
5. Bāhiramātikāvaṇṇanā
5 所谓“以此安立方式”,是指不取其自相,而是依如前所述的方式——通过征引另一部论典的母表,于此论中以说明无有母表之名而安立。所谓“因置于外部后方”,是说他论所安立的母表,因不作区分而于后方受持,故说为置于外部。“在此安立后”,即是不说出此《界论》的自相。所谓“如已显示故”,是指以无有母表而彰显。因为仅仅摄取了依照于《法集论》首章而来的《法集论》之母表。《界论》的解说有诸多理路,于那些理路中,于所应分别的蕴等之中,当转起之门与相状被列举之时,依《界论》的略说,其所应说者便已宣说;因此,在宣说了略说所应说之后,为了显示如前所述蕴等的善等分别,便说“一切《法集论》是《界论》的母表”——当知此处母表的安立法门,即是如此。显示巴利原文
5.Etena ṭhapanākārenāti sarūpena aggahetvā yathāvuttena pakaraṇantaramātikāya idha mātikābhāvakittanasaṅkhātena ṭhapanākārena. Pakaraṇantaraṭhapitāya mātikāya avibhāgena pacchato gahaṇaṃ bahi ṭhapananti āha ‘‘bahi piṭṭhito ṭhapitattā’’ti. Idha aṭṭhapetvāti imissā dhātukathāya sarūpena avatvā. Tathā pakāsitattāti mātikābhāvena jotitattā. Dhammasaṅgaṇīsīsena hi dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ āgatamātikāva gahitāti. Yehi nayehi dhātukathāya niddeso, tesu nayesu, tehi vibhajitabbesu khandhādīsu, tesaṃ nayānaṃ pavattidvāralakkhaṇesu ca uddiṭṭhesu dhātukathāya uddesavasena vattabbaṃ vuttameva hotīti yaṃ uddesavasena vattabbaṃ, taṃ vatvā puna yathāvuttānaṃ khandhādīnaṃ kusalādivibhāgadassanatthaṃ ‘‘sabbāpi dhammasaṅgaṇī dhātukathāya mātikā’’ti vuttanti evamettha mātikāya nikkhepavidhi veditabbo.
“所谓牛者,此是食”——在此处,如同“牛”(gāvī)一词一般,在“摄、不摄”之中,由于作词形颠倒的“iti”一词,使得拥有语义、词义的“摄与不摄”一词,在此产生了词义上的作用,为显示此意趣,故说“因所说之词,其义未加抉择”。以此表明,他是从义的提炼中来解释“摄”之一词的。所谓“未抉择特相”,是指未加抉择的、被摄的生等之特相。“应以通名把握”,即是由“摄”这个词所表达的通名而得以了知、得以言说。不应认为此通名唯有一种,因为仍有待分别。即:有多少特相,便依他们而定。“由自生”乃得以了知,譬如说“孝”时,即是指对自母的利益之行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Gāvīti ayamāhā’’ti ettha gāvī-saddo viya ‘‘saṅgaho asaṅgaho’’ti ettha padatthavipallāsakārinā iti-saddena atthapadatthako saṅgahāsaṅgaha-saddo saddapadatthako jāyatīti adhippāyenāha ‘‘aniddhāritatthassa saddasseva vuttattā’’ti. Tena atthuddhārato saṅgahasaddaṃ saṃvaṇṇetīti dasseti. Aniddhāritavisesoti asaṅgahitajātisañjātiādiviseso. Sāmaññena gahetabbatanti saṅgahasaddābhidheyyatāsāmaññena viññāyamāno vuccamāno vā. Na cettha sāmaññañca ekarūpamevāti codanā kātabbā bhedāpekkhattā tassa. Yattakā hi tassa visesā, tadapekkhameva tanti. ‘‘Attano jātiyā’’ti viññāyati yathā ‘‘matteyyā’’ti vutte attano mātu hitāti.
“未抉择法之特相”,即是指对具有被摄等性质的应问、应答诸法,不作特别的简择。“以通名”,指无有差别地。“诸法”,指蕴等诸法。“抉择其余”,即是指将“以摄为不摄”等其余十二种应问、应答法的特相加以抉择,作为诸法问答理路的略说,应作如是结合。然而,若质难说:“以摄为不摄”等,同样未抉择如前所述的特相,岂非也是以通名来作诸法问答理路的略说?为此,便说“以摄为不摄”等。若其义可以明了而文辞有所未及,则须知其为省略,或依重复等方式解说此义。故由所说的省略之“不摄”一词。“特异于所摄之特相”,即是对被眼处所摄等所摄之特相而言,因其为耳处等之体性,故有异于此而不被该摄所摄,此即是耳净等具有变坏自性的法之特相。“依止于彼”,即依托于此法特相而得以成就。“那些诸法以几蕴……以四蕴不被摄”等,当如此不摄性之问答理路于后方的问与答中被详细解说时,便是在此作了略说。“在特相的分别中为具格”,以此显示彼法即是如前所说的、特异于所摄之相。如是,当知是抉择了应问、应答法的特相之后,依问答理路的略说而转起。显示巴利原文
Dhammavisesaṃ aniddhāretvāti saṅgahitatādinā pucchitabbavissajjetabbadhammānaṃ visesanaṃ akatvā. Sāmaññenāti avisesena. Dhammānanti khandhādidhammānaṃ. Avasesā niddhāretvāti ‘‘saṅgahitena asaṅgahita’’ntiādikā avasesā dvādasapi pucchitabbavissajjetabbadhammavisesaṃ niddhāretvā dhammānaṃ pucchanavissajjananayauddesāti yojanā. Nanu ca ‘‘saṅgahitena asaṅgahita’’ntiādayopi yathāvuttavisesaṃ aniddhāretvā sāmaññena dhammānaṃ pucchanavissajjananayuddesāti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘saṅgahitena asaṅgahita’’ntiādi. Yassa attho ñāyati, saddo ca na payujjati, so lopoti veditabbo, āvuttiādivasena vā ayamattho dīpetabbo. Tenāti luttaniddiṭṭhena asaṅgahita-saddena. Saṅgahitavisesavisiṭṭhoti cakkhāyatanena khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitatāvisesavisiṭṭho, tena sotāyatanādibhāvena asaṅgahito sotapasādādiko yo ruppanasabhāvo dhammaviseso. Tannissito taṃ dhammavisesaṃ nissāya labbhamāno. ‘‘Te dhammā katihi khandhehi…pe… catūhi khandhehi asaṅgahitā’’tiādinā asaṅgahitatāsaṅkhāto pucchāvissajjananayo parato pucchitvā vissajjiyamāno idha uddiṭṭho hoti. Visesane karaṇavacananti iminā tassa dhammassa yathāvuttasaṅgahitatāvisesavisiṭṭhataṃyeva vibhāveti. Evamete pucchitabbavissajjetabbadhammavisesaṃ niddhāretvā pucchanavissajjananayuddesā pavattāti veditabbā.
然而,难道仅凭“以摄为不摄”这一句就能获得此义吗?不能获得,因为它只是法的单纯指示。这只是理路的略说,并非法的略说。因为在巴利圣典中,对于“摄、不摄”一词的解说,先说“以眼处诸法为蕴摄所摄,处……乃至……界摄所不摄”,然后问“那些诸法以几蕴……不摄”,答“那些诸法以四蕴、二处、八界不摄”,在此采取了第二个不摄词。否则,便应只解说为:“以眼处诸法为蕴摄所摄,那些诸法以处摄为不摄,以界摄为不摄。这是为什么?”显示巴利原文
Nanu ca ‘‘saṅgahitena asaṅgahita’’nti ettāvatāpi ayamattho labbhatīti? Na labbhati tassa dhammamattadīpanato. Nayuddeso heso, na dhammuddeso. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ saṅgahitenaasaṅgahitapadaniddese ‘‘cakkhāyatanena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatana…pe… dhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā’’ti vatvā ‘‘te dhammā katihi khandhehi…pe… asaṅgahitā’’ti (dhātu. 171) pucchitvā ‘‘te dhammā catūhi khandhehi dvīhāyatanehi aṭṭhahi dhātūhi asaṅgahitā’’ti dutiyaṃ asaṅgahitapadaṃ gahitaṃ. Aññathā ‘‘cakkhāyatanena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, te dhammā āyatanasaṅgahena asaṅgahitā, dhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā. Te katame’’icceva niddisitabbaṃ siyā.
“此引导”是为了更清晰地阐明通过类推所示之义,而说“于他们中”等语。“以第三句”是指通过省略说明而应被理解的句子。在施事义中使用具格说明,是因为通过那些已摄与未摄之法,来说明诸法的被摄与未被摄性。正如在那里巴利文中,以“以他们法,凡诸法”这样的方式,以法为门而说明了被摄与未被摄性。然而在第二、第三句中,是通过称为被摄与未被摄性的差别之门来说明诸法的未被摄与被摄性,因此在那里说“于差别中为具格”。由此而说“因为在那里……他法”。在那里,“以自性差别”即是以称为被摄与未被摄性的自性差别、以方式差别。“他自性差别”即是以称为未被摄与被摄性的他自性差别。“于这些中”指第四、第五句。“以他法”即通过另一法。“他法之”即对另一法的差别被作出。因为在那里,通过观察中间的方式差别,法本身即被法所差别。“即以首句”即以“以已摄”等所说的第一句。“以其余”即以“相应、不相应”等所说的第二、第三句。“在此”即在第十一等四者中。意思是,应当如第二、第三句中那样,在差别中看待具格,而非如第四、第五句中那样在施事义中。通过“问答之”等显示巴利原文
Esa nayoti atidesena dassitamatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ ‘‘tesupī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tatiyapadenāti luttaniddesena gahetabbanti vuttapadaṃ sandhāyāha. Kattuatthe karaṇaniddeso saṅgahitāsaṅgahitehi tehi dhammehi dhammānaṃ saṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatāya vuttattā. Tathā hi tattha pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘tehi dhammehi ye dhammā’’ti dhammamukheneva saṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatā vuttā. Dutiyatatiyesu pana saṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatāsaṅkhātavisesanadvārena dhammānaṃ asaṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatā vuttāti tattha ‘‘visesane karaṇavacana’’nti vuttaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘tattha hi…pe… dhammantarassā’’ti. Tattha sabhāvantarenāti saṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatāsaṅkhātena sabhāvantarena pakārantarena. Sabhāvantarassāti asaṅgahitatāsaṅgahitatāsaṅkhātassa sabhāvantarassa. Etesūti catutthapañcamesu. Dhammantarenāti aññadhammena. Dhammantarassāti tato aññassa dhammassa visesanaṃ kataṃ. Tattha hi antarena pakāravisesāmasanaṃ dhammeneva dhammo visesitoti. Ādipadenevāti ‘‘saṅgahitenā’’tiādinā vuttena paṭhamapadeneva. Itarehīti ‘‘sampayuttaṃ vippayutta’’ntiādinā vuttehi dutiyatatiyapadehi. Etthāti ekādasamādīsu catūsu. Dutiyatatiyesu viya visesane eva karaṇavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na catutthapañcamesu viya kattuattheti adhippāyo. Pucchāvissajjanānantiādinā tamevatthaṃ vibhāveti.
“种种安立”是指从多种多样、种种方面进行安立,即各别地以及共同地安立摄与不摄的能差别与所差别状态之义。而这分别也就是依所说方式进行分析,故说“即区分的意义”。以决断为相的信解,是相应法以对所缘决定的行相而转起,因此是依决断力而说的法。它们以及与之一起的法,并连同被它们所摄的其余法,即双五识及疑俱法,而说“以决断力所说及一切心生起,即是以决断力所说的一切心生起”。“其余”指触等。“一切”指八十九心生起。“应被把握”即应依摄等方式来把握。“以大境信解”。“其他”指寻等。“指语”即指在《法集》注释中“信解就是信解,它以决断为相”,以及在《缘起分别》中“缘渴爱而有信解,缘信解而有有”等语。“义存在时”即当说“决断……由共通”此义时。“于应说中”即为把握摄等而应解说的内容。所说触等乃至作意为终点。因为没有如此类者,即没有与触等相似的共通之法,也没有与信解相似的不共之法。显示巴利原文
Vividhakappanatoti vividhaṃ bahudhā kappanato, saṅgahāsaṅgahānaṃ visuṃ saha ca visesanavisesitabbabhāvakappanatoti attho. Taṃ pana vikappanaṃ vuttākārena vibhajanaṃ hotīti āha ‘‘vibhāgatoti attho’’ti. Sanniṭṭhānalakkhaṇena adhimokkhena sampayuttadhammā ārammaṇe nicchayanākārena pavattiyā sanniṭṭhānavasena vuttadhammā. Te ca tehi saddhiṃ tadavasiṭṭhe dvipañcaviññāṇavicikicchāsahagatadhamme ca saṅgahetvā āha ‘‘sanniṭṭhānavasena vuttā ca sabbe ca cittuppādā sanniṭṭhānavasena vuttasabbacittuppādā’’ti. Itareti phassādayo. Sabbesanti ekūnanavutiyā cittuppādānaṃ. Pariggahetabbāti saṅgahādivasena pariggaṇhitabbā. Mahāvisayena adhimokkhena. Aññesanti vitakkādīnaṃ. Vacanaṃ sandhāyāti ‘‘adhimuccanaṃ adhimokkho, so sanniṭṭhānalakkhaṇo’’ti dhammasaṅgahavaṇṇanāyaṃ (dha. sa. aṭṭha. yevāpanakavaṇṇanā) ‘‘taṇhāpaccayā adhimokkho, adhimokkhapaccayā bhavo’’ti paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge ca āgataṃ vacanaṃ sandhāya. Atthe satīti ‘‘sanniṭṭhāna…pe… sādhāraṇato’’ti evamatthe vuccamāne. Vattabbesūti saṅgahādipariggahatthaṃ vattabbesu. Vuttā phassādayo manasikārapariyosānā. Tādisassāti phassādisadisassa sādhāraṇassa adhimokkhasadisassa asādhāraṇassa aññassa dhammassa abhāvā.
难道命根与心住也是共通的吗?确实是共通的,然而其中有差别。为显示此差别而说“然而命根……”等。非定自性、未达到力之状态者,唯应以共通语而说——这是联结。以共通语与差别语,定自性的心一境性应被宣说。至于应以差别语说的其他内容,即除了已具力的定之外,其他应以共通语周遍、应以差别语遮除者,并不存在,因为只有定自性的心一境性被把握。非周遍他、非遮除他的共通与差别,即非他……的差别,能被显了。即对于彼法,对于那具力的定法。以显了差别者,即应以能显了差别之定力等语而说。所说的“相”,即显了非周遍他、非遮除他的共通差别之语。与此相反,取其他应周遍与应遮除而现起的共通差别语而说,不应像对非乐等自性的受那样宣说。因此,正因为心一境性被分为非定自性与定自性两种而被把握,故唯应显了非定自性,因其不待差别语而现起。其他,即定力等差别语。在此,即在此内母论的列举中,当列举共通的触等,或大境之信解时,难道不分开把握的心一境性,如同受那样是共通的吗?针对此问难,而说“或不分开亦……”等。由“心之住是心一境性,不散乱之心念。”(《法集》11,15)“非色法之寿是住。”(《法集》19)显示巴利原文
Nanu jīvitindriyacittaṭṭhitiyopi sādhāraṇāti? Saccaṃ sādhāraṇā, atthi pana visesoti dassento āha ‘‘jīvitindriyaṃ panā’’tiādi. Asamādhisabhāvā balabhāvaṃ appattā sāmaññasaddeneva vattabbāti yojanā. Sāmaññavisesasaddehi cāti sāmaññavisesasaddehi vattabbā ca samādhisabhāvā cittekaggatā. Visesasaddavacanīyaṃ aññanti balappattasamādhito aññaṃ sāmaññasaddena byāpetabbaṃ, visesasaddena ca nivattetabbaṃ natthi samādhisabhāvāya eva cittekaggatāya gahitattā. Na aññabyāpakanivattako sāmaññaviseso anañña…pe… viseso, tassa dīpanato. Tasseva dhammassāti tasseva balappattasamādhidhammassa. Bhedadīpakehīti visesadīpakehi samādhibalādivacanehi vattabbā. Vuttalakkhaṇā anaññabyāpakanivattakasāmaññavisesadīpanā saddā. Tato viparītehi aññaṃ byāpetabbaṃ nivattetabbañca gahetvā pavattehi sāmaññavisesasaddeheva na sukhādisabhāvā vedanā viya vattabbā. Tasmāti yasmā asamādhisabhāvā samādhisabhāvāti dvedhā bhinditvā gahitā cittekaggatā, tasmā. Asamādhisabhāvameva pakāseyya visesasaddanirapekkhaṃ pavattamānattā. Itaroti samādhibalādiko visesasaddo. Idhāti imasmiṃ abbhantaramātikuddese, sādhāraṇe phassādike, mahāvisaye vā adhimokkhe uddisiyamāne. Nanu ca abhinditvā gayhamānā cittekaggatā vedanā viya sādhāraṇā hotīti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘abhinnāpi vā’’tiādi. ‘‘Cittassa ṭhiti cittekaggatā avisāhaṭamānasatā (dha. sa. 11, 15). Arūpīnaṃ dhammānaṃ āyu ṭhitī’’ti (dha. sa. 19) vacanato samādhijīvitindriyānaṃ aññadhammanissayena vattabbatā veditabbā. Na arahatīti idha uddesaṃ na arahati samukheneva vattabbesu phassādīsu uddisiyamānesūti attho.
2. 解说之释显示巴利原文
2. Niddesavaṇṇanā
1. 第一理趣:摄与不摄句释显示巴利原文
1. Paṭhamanayo saṅgahāsaṅgahapadavaṇṇanā
1. 蕴句之释显示巴利原文
1. Khandhapadavaṇṇanā
6 六、以“应证知法”之义说“有四蕴”等,以及“色蕴应证知”等,是以证知为特相之境,故说“从自性上已被证知者”。“应遍知等”:“等”字摄应断、应证、应修习。“增上等”:指增上缘、现起、精勤等。“如谛等差别”:如同苦谛等次第,即应证知、逼迫义等差别。如此而作:因为是以论母之门,依于应证知而说。正如那些色法作为五蕴,以蕴性而共属,以色蕴性而共属,并非以受蕴性等而共属,这是摄的特相。“iti(故)”:因此,由于色法彼此以色蕴性而共属,故有此义。以名为色蕴性的义门而摄时,即以色蕴性而摄。若以声门而摄,则以名为色蕴之词,或以可被色蕴之词所言说性而摄。今为使此义更明了,而说“所谓色蕴”等。显示巴利原文
6. ‘‘Abhiññeyyadhammabhāvena vuttā cattāro khandhā hontī’’tiādinā, ‘‘rūpakkhandho abhiññeyyo’’tiādinā ca abhiññātalakkhaṇavisayāti āha ‘‘sabhāvato abhiññātāna’’nti. Pariññeyyatādīti ādi-saddena pahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbatā saṅgayhati. Adhipatiyādīti adhipatipaccayabhāvaupaṭṭhānapadahanādīni. Saccādiviseso viyāti dukkhasaccādipariyāyo abhiññeyyapīḷanaṭṭhādiviseso viya. Evañca katvāti nayamukhamātikāya abhiññeyyanissayena vuccamānattā eva. Tesaṃ rūpadhammānaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ khandhabhāvena viya rūpakkhandhabhāvena sabhāgatā hoti, na vedanākkhandhādibhāvenāti saṅgahalakkhaṇamāha. Itīti tasmā, yasmā rūpadhammā aññamaññaṃ rūpakkhandhabhāvena sabhāgā, tasmāti attho. Rūpakkhandhabhāvasaṅkhātena rūpakkhandhabhāvena atthamukheneva gahaṇe. Saddadvārena pana gahaṇe rūpakkhandhavacanasaṅkhātena vā rūpakkhandhavacanavacanīyatāsaṅkhātena. Idāni tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ ‘‘rūpakkhandhoti hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
“前者”指色蕴。在“以想蕴为根本”等句中,应引入“若与前者结合”等,并随宜结合。由于未加分别的五问答在蕴词解说中全在最后,故说“在分别的五问答之后”。显示巴利原文
Purimenāti rūpakkhandhena. Saññākkhandhamūlakātiādīsu ‘‘purimena yojiyamāne’’tiādiṃ ānetvā yathārahaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Abhedato pañcakapucchāvissajjanaṃ khandhapadaniddese sabbapacchimamevāti āha ‘‘bhedato pañcakapucchāvissajjanānantara’’nti.
处句等之释显示巴利原文
Āyatanapadādivaṇṇanā
40 因为即使对于单一法,也有类似的解答:集谛与道谛的解答已如‘集谛摄于一蕴……乃至……道谛摄于一蕴、一处、一界,而不摄于四蕴、十一处、十七界’(《界论》41)所示。‘在此’:指在此根解说中。眼耳二法与眼乐根二法:即眼根与耳根二法、眼根与乐根二法,这些二法。眼、耳、乐根各自均有‘摄于一蕴、一处、一界,不摄于四蕴、十一处、十七界’这般与单一法类似的解答。然而,眼耳根二法则是‘眼根与耳根摄于一蕴、二处、二界,不摄于四蕴、十处、十六界’;眼乐根二法则是‘眼根与乐根摄于二蕴、二处、二界,不摄于三蕴、十处、十六界’,这些是不类似的解答。同样,也不能由二法类推三法:即不能由眼耳、眼乐根等二法,推知眼耳乐根等三法也有类似的解答。‘在此’:指在谛解说中。以三法而言:即苦、集、道等三法,则有‘摄于五蕴、十二处、十八界,而无任何蕴、处、界所不摄’这样的相似解答。显示巴利原文
40.Yadipiekakepi sadisaṃ vissajjanaṃ vissajjanaṃ samudayamaggasaccānaṃ ‘‘samudayasaccaṃ ekena khandhena…pe… maggasaccaṃ ekena khandhena ekenāyatanena ekāya dhātuyā saṅgahitaṃ, catūhi khandhehi ekādasahi āyatanehi sattarasahi dhātūhi asaṅgahita’’nti (dhātu. 41) niddiṭṭhattā. Etthāti etasmiṃ indriyapadaniddese . Cakkhusotacakkhusukhindriyadukānanti cakkhusotadukaṃ cakkhusukhindriyadukanti etesaṃ dukānaṃ. Cakkhusotasukhindriyānañhi ‘‘ekena khandhena ekenāyatanena ekāya dhātuyā saṅgahitaṃ, catūhi khandhehi ekādasahi āyatanehi sattarasahi dhātūhi asaṅgahita’’nti ekake sadisaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Cakkhusotindriyadukassa pana ‘‘cakkhundriyañca sotindriyañca ekena khandhena dvīhāyatanehi dvīhi dhātūhi saṅgahitā, catūhi khandhehi dasahāyatanehi soḷasahi dhātūhi asaṅgahitā’’ti, ‘‘cakkhundriyañca sukhindriyañca dvīhi khandhehi dvīhāyatanehi dvīhi dhātūhi saṅgahitā, tīhi khandhehi dasahāyatanehi soḷasahi dhātūhi asaṅgahitā’’ti cakkhusukhindriyadukassa ca asadisaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Nāpi dukehi tikassāti cakkhusotacakkhusukhindriyādidukehi cakkhusotasukhindriyāditikassa nāpi sadisaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Idhāti saccapadaniddese. Tikena cāti dukkhasamudayamaggāditikena ca. ‘‘Pañcahi khandhehi dvādasahāyatanehi aṭṭhārasahi dhātūhi saṅgahitā, na kehici khandhehi na kehici āyatanehi na kāhici dhātūhi asaṅgahitā’’ti sadisaṃ vissajjanaṃ.
6. 缘起之释显示巴利原文
6. Paṭiccasamuppādavaṇṇanā
61 ‘以无明之词’:即在‘无明缘行’中,由‘无明’一词所摄。不应作简别,应说‘一切识’,此为意趣。于此说出理由:‘因为善等也……’等。由于以与解答相似的方式含摄一切识等。‘那些’:指识等词。‘在此’:指这第一种理趣中。即使非业所生的也被含摄,这得以了知,因为声处亦被含摄。显示巴利原文
61.Avijjāvacanenāti ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’ti ettha avijjāggahaṇena. Visesanaṃ na kattabbaṃ, ‘‘sabbampi viññāṇa’’nti vattabbanti adhippāyo. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘kusalādīnampī’’tiādinā. Vissajjanāsadisena sabbaviññāṇādisaṅgahaṇato. Tesanti viññāṇādipadānaṃ. Idhāti imasmiṃ paṭhamanaye. Akammajānampi saṅgahitatā viññāyati saddāyatanassapi gahitattā.
71 ‘正在生……乃至……慢等’:指处于正在生等阶段的诸法。‘因为仅是正在生等的状态’:因为仅是产生等阶段的状态。‘分离后’:即从非阶段的状态中分离出来。从胜义上说,它们并不存在,唯是自性而已;也就是说,它们仅是胜义法无有阶段的状态。即便非胜义自性的色法,也因其产生等状态,而以变坏性被执取。因此引出‘与色蕴共属,而非色的生、老、死等’来加以结合。‘各各存在’:如同在一个色聚中,生等各各自在,在一个非色聚中也是如此,这就是所说之义。因此说‘如色聚的生等那样’等。具有领纳、认知、了别作用的受等,即便有其产生等状态,也不那样被执取,故说‘领纳……乃至……不被执取’。由此说明生等不被受蕴等所摄。‘诸比丘,生是无常、有为的’等语,故生等亦有‘有为’的同义词,因此说‘以有为的造作作用,被行蕴所摄’,即‘有为……乃至……共属’。由此应知行蕴具有非单一的胜义作用。‘如此有两种’:依所说方式,以成为色法与非色法的产生等,而有二种。‘以此’:即依所说共属之义。‘由这些蕴等’:即由色蕴、行蕴、法处、法界。显示巴利原文
71.Jāyamāna…pe… mānānanti jāyamānādiavatthānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Jāyamānādibhāvamattattāti nibbattanādiavatthāmattabhāvato. Vinibbhujjitvāti avatthābhāvato vinibbhogaṃ katvā. Paramatthato avijjamānāni, sabhāvamattabhūtānīti paramatthadhammānaṃ avatthābhāvamattabhūtāni . Aparamatthasabhāvānipi rūpadhammassa nibbattiādibhāvato ruppanabhāvena gayhanti. Tato ‘‘rūpakkhandhassa sabhāgāni, arūpānaṃ pana jātijarāmaraṇānī’’ti ānetvā yojanā. Ekekabhūtānīti yathā ekasmiṃ rūpakalāpe jātiādīni ekekāniyeva honti, evaṃ ekasmiṃ arūpakalāpepīti vuttaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘rūpakalāpajātiādīni viyā’’tiādi. Anubhavanasañjānanavijānanakiccānaṃ vedanādīnaṃ nibbattiādibhūtānipi jātiādīni tathā na gayhantīti āha ‘‘vediyana…pe… agayhamānānī’’ti. Tena vedanākkhandhādīhi jātiādīnaṃ saṅgahābhāvamāha. ‘‘Jāti, bhikkhave, aniccā saṅkhatā’’tiādivacanato jātiādīnampi saṅkhatapariyāyo atthīti saṅkhatābhisaṅkharaṇakiccena saṅkhārakkhandhena tesaṃ saṅgahoti vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅkhatā…pe… sabhāgānī’’ti. Teneva ca saṅkhārakkhandhassa anekantaparamatthakiccatā veditabbā. Tathā duvidhānīti vuttappakārena rūpārūpadhammānaṃ nibbattiādibhāvena dvippakārāni. Tenāti yathāvuttasabhāgatthena. Tehi khandhādīhīti rūpakkhandhasaṅkhārakkhandhadhammāyatanadhammadhātūhi.
2. 第二理趣:以已摄者释未摄者句显示巴利原文
2. Dutiyanayo saṅgahitenaasaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
171 “已摄与未摄”此句中,“已摄”与“未摄”二词不应被理解为所指对象不同,因为此处意在表达限定者与被限定者的关系。事实上,前文曾以具有“已摄”这一共相而殊胜的方式所列出的“未摄”法,在此处正是以“未摄”的名义被问及并加以解答。为显明这一点,论师说:“那即是……正是为显示那一点。”因为那些通过眼处而在蕴摄中已被摄、而在处摄与界摄中未被摄的法,正是再度依蕴等摄而被问及并解答其未被摄的情形,故说:“由眼处……语。”“遍一切处”义指于一切理趣、一切轮转之中。“蕴等摄的共相”是指以“由蕴摄”等方式不加区分而说的蕴等摄。“共相的阐明必依别相而安立”,故说“因为常需观待别相”。问与答正是为了明了别相,所以说“因为问答是依于分别而建立的”。蕴等的计数本身即带有别相,因此,即使是以“由蕴摄”等方式不加区分地说,蕴等的计数实际上也是以色蕴等带有别相的方式而存在,其义为“由蕴等所摄”。“纯净的”是指纯粹的、无余的,即作为共相而存在。显示巴利原文
171.‘‘Saṅgahitena asaṅgahita’’nti ettha saṅgahitāsaṅgahitasaddā bhinnādhikaraṇā na gahetabbā visesanavisesitabbatāya icchitattā. Yo hi dhammo saṅgahitatāvisesavisiṭṭho asaṅgahito heṭṭhā uddiṭṭho, sveva idha asaṅgahitabhāvena pucchitvā vissajjīyatīti dassento ‘‘yaṃ taṃ…pe… tadeva dassento’’ti āha. Ye hi dhammā cakkhāyatanena khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena ca asaṅgahitā, tesaṃyeva puna khandhādīhi asaṅgaho pucchitvā vissajjito. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cakkhāyatanena…pe… āhā’’ti. Sabbatthāti sabbesu nayesu vāresu ca. Khandhādisaṅgahasāmaññānanti ‘‘khandhasaṅgahenā’’tiādinā avisesena vuttānaṃ khandhādisaṅgahānaṃ. ‘‘Sāmaññajotanā visese avatiṭṭhatī’’ti āha ‘‘niccaṃ visesāpekkhattā’’ti. Visesāvabodhanatthāni pañhabyākaraṇānīti vuttaṃ ‘‘bhedanissitattā ca pucchāvissajjanāna’’nti. Savisesāva khandhādigaṇanāti ‘‘khandhasaṅgahenā’’tiādinā avisesena vuttāpi rūpakkhandhādinā savisesāva khandhādigaṇanā, khandhādinā saṅgahoti attho. Suddhāti kevalā anavasesā, sāmaññabhūtāti vuttaṃ hoti.
“在其中”是指如前所述的第二种理趣。由于是以阐明共相的方式来指定所限定的内容,故说“已摄……已被简择出来”。“于三摄中”是指在蕴、处、界这三种摄中。“由其他”是指由所说的其余两种或一种摄。仅凭这些就足以显示,因为“已摄”与“未摄”的状况已由此得到了阐明。“那些”是指通过已摄与未摄的方式所说的诸法。“像这样的”是指如“眼处、耳处”等那样未被简择出别相的法。“因为不可能”是指不可能以所说的方法加以指出。论母的作用仅为显示摄等理趣,而摄等的具体内容——蕴等、善等,才是它们的所缘境,离开了这些,摄等便无法运作。因此说:“因为论母是观待内在与外在的论母。”应说为“能摄者与不能摄者”。因为在此处,一个被说为能摄者的法,同样也被说为不能摄者。显示巴利原文
Tatthāti yathādhikate dutiyanaye. Sāmaññajotanāya visesaniddiṭṭhattā āha ‘‘saṅgahi…pe… niddhāritattā’’ti. Tīsu saṅgahesūti khandhādisaṅgahesu tīsu. Aññehīti vuttāvasesehi dvīhi ekena vā. Ettakeneva dassetabbā siyuṃ tāvatāpi saṅgahitena asaṅgahitabhāvassa pakāsitattā. Tesanti saṅgahitenaasaṅgahitabhāvena vuttadhammānaṃ. Evaṃvidhānanti ‘‘cakkhāyatanaṃ sotāyatana’’ntiādinā aniddhāritavisesānaṃ. Asambhavāti vuttappakārena niddisituṃ asambhavā. Saṅgahādinayadassanamattaṃ nayamātikāya byāpāro, yattha pana saṅgahādayo, te khandhādayo kusalādayo ca tesaṃ visayabhūtāti tehi vinā saṅgahādīnaṃ pavatti natthi. Tenāha ‘‘nayamātikāya abbhantarabāhiramātikāpekkhattā’’ti. Saṅgāhakaṃ asaṅgāhakañcāti vattabbaṃ. Yo hi idha saṅgāhakabhāvena vutto dhammo asaṅgāhakabhāvenapi vuttoyevāti.
对于那些没有对所应问、所应答的法进行简择与限定的场合,例如“哪些法由蕴摄所摄,而由处摄、界摄所不摄”以及“哪些法由蕴摄所不摄,而由处摄、界摄所摄”,在第一理趣和第六理趣中,是以应问应答的方式进行的,如“色蕴由几蕴所摄?由一蕴所摄”及“色蕴与几蕴相应?无。与四蕴不相应”。在其余的理趣中,即第二等理趣。“各个”的意思是指:那些以“哪些法”这种不确定的方式被简择出来的应问与应答的内容,又以“那些法”这种确定的方式被确立。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā’’ti, ‘‘ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena asaṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena saṅgahitā’’ti ca yattha pucchitabbavissajjitabbadhammavisesaniddhāraṇaṃ natthi, tattha paṭhamanaye chaṭṭhanaye ca ‘‘rūpakkhandho katihi khandhehi saṅgahito? Ekena khandhenā’’ti (dhātu. 6), ‘‘rūpakkhandho katihi khandhehi sampayuttoti? Natthi. Catūhi khandhehi vippayutto’’ti (dhātu. 228) ca evaṃ pucchitabbavissajjitabbabhāvena. Itaresūti dutiyādinayesu. Tassa tassāti yaṃ pucchitabbaṃ vissajjitabbañca ‘‘ye dhammā’’ti aniyamitarūpena niddhāritaṃ, tassa tassa ‘‘te dhammā’’ti niyāmakabhāvena.
“在此”是指在这部论中。“通过眼处等各能摄者”、“在蕴等摄中”意指在蕴、处、界的摄中。“通过他们”即通过蕴等摄。“其他”是指不同于各能摄者的法。除了那能摄、所摄与所不摄的法类之外,并无任何其他法存在,因为与它同分的能摄者本身并不存在。然而,有人可能认为“这是由同分的某部分所摄”,为破此执,论师便说:“而它并不是……”。通过“而凡是”等语句,遮除随后的文句。显示巴利原文
Etthāti etasmiṃ pakaraṇe. Yena yena cakkhāyatanādinā saṅgāhakena. Khandhādisaṅgahesūti khandhāyatanadhātusaṅgahesu. Tena tenāti khandhādisaṅgahena. Aññanti tato tato saṅgāhakato aññaṃ. Tabbinimuttaṃ saṅgahetabbāsaṅgahetabbaṃ yaṃ dhammajātaṃ atthi, taṃ tadeva ‘‘cakkhāyatanena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā’’ti saṅgāhakāsaṅgāhakabhāvena uddhaṭaṃ. Añño dhammo natthi tassa sabhāgabhāvena saṅgāhakasseva abhāvato. Siyā panetaṃ sabhāgena ekadesena saṅgahoti, taṃ paṭikkhipanto āha ‘‘na ca so…pe… hotī’’ti. Yañcātiādinā vacanantaraṃ pariharati.
以“如果”等语句,也通过显示文句不存在的方式,阐明同一个法并不被彼所摄。其中,“那同一个”是指被说为能摄者的色等蕴;它也正应由那同一个色等蕴所摄,或者说应成为所摄。为了显示它不为彼所摄的特征,论师说:“因为它对自己既非同分,也非异分。”眼处等犹如部分,色蕴等则是整体。色蕴对于眼处等,既非能摄者,也非所不摄,因为同分与异分的关系都不存在。这一道理同样适用于其余诸处。通过“包含在整体内的”等语句,使已说的道理更为明显。其中,“通过”是指通过区分;“那些”是指部分;“对于那些”是指对于各部分。在此应知:由于它们包含在整体内,故无区分;由于无区分,故无同分与异分的关系;由此便显示了无有能摄与所不摄的关系。显示巴利原文
Yadicātiādināpi tasseva tena saṅgahābhāvaṃ pāṭhābhāvadassanena vibhāveti. Tattha so evāti yo rūpādikkhandho saṅgāhakabhāvena vutto, so eva tena rūpādikkhandhena saṅgayheyya saṅgahetabbo bhaveyya, teneva tassa saṅgahābhāve lakkhaṇaṃ dassento āha ‘‘na hi so eva tassa sabhāgo visabhāgo cā’’ti. Ekadesā viya cakkhāyatanādayo samudāyassa rūpakkhandhādikassa. Rūpakkhandho cakkhāyatanādīnaṃ na saṅgāhako asaṅgāhako ca sabhāgavisabhāgabhāvābhāvato. Esa nayo sesesupi. Samudāyantogadhānantiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti. Tattha yenāti vibhāgena. Teti ekadesā. Tesanti ekadesānaṃ. Ettha tadantogadhatāya vibhāgābhāvo, vibhāgābhāvena sabhāgavisabhāgatābhāvo, tena saṅgāhakāsaṅgāhakatābhāvo dassitoti veditabbo.
正如由于完全没有同分与异分,部分的集合既非能摄也非所摄,为了显示“部分具有同分与异分”,所以宣说“如是”等。其中,“正如”等是通过举例使所述义理清晰。“由蕴摄而为能摄与所摄”,是句子的连接。同样地,于其余诸处也是如此。“因为并非部分……异分,由此集合可能成为能摄或所摄”,这是意旨。在此,纵且不说能摄,为何要遮止所摄呢?考虑到此问难,故说“因此”等。其中,“因此”是以原因指代前述之义。“凡异于自身者、异于包含在自身中者、异于某一同分部分者,若有,则为所摄”,这是句子的连接。而这正是针对“色蕴不被色蕴所摄,亦非非所摄”等说法中所说的三种情况而说。“这些只是没有能摄性”的意思是:对于所说的自身、包含在自身中者以及某一同分部分这三者,由于没有同分,能摄性全然不存。因此说“因为那本身并非它的同分”等。“由此”是指由能摄性。“如是”应知,即使存在异分,亦不执取前述三种情况,此为意旨。显示巴利原文
Yathā sabbena sabbaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgābhāvena ekadesānaṃ samudāyo saṅgāhako asaṅgāhako ca na hoti, evaṃ ekadesasabhāgavisabhāgānanti dassento ‘‘tathā’’tiādimāha. Tattha yathātiādi udāharaṇadassanena yathāvuttassa atthassa pākaṭakaraṇaṃ. Khandhasaṅgahena saṅgāhakaṃ asaṅgāhakañcāti yojanā. Tathā sesesupi. Na hi ekadesa…pe… visabhāgaṃ yena samudāyo saṅgāhako asaṅgāhako ca siyāti adhippāyo. Ettha ca saṅgāhakattaṃ tāva mā hotu, asaṅgāhakattaṃ pana kasmā paṭikkhipīyatīti codanaṃ manasi katvā āha ‘‘tasmā’’tiādi. Tattha tasmāti vuttamevatthaṃ hetubhāvena parāmasati. Attato aññassa, attani antogadhato aññassa, attekadesasabhāgato aññassa satipi asaṅgāhakatteti yojanā. Taṃ panetaṃ ‘‘rūpakkhandho rūpakkhandhena saṅgahito asaṅgahito ca na hotī’’tiādinā vutte tayo pakāre sandhāya vuttaṃ. Saṅgāhakattameva etesaṃ natthīti etesaṃ attā, attani antogadho, attekadesasabhāgo cāti vuttānaṃ saṅgāhakabhāvo eva natthi sabhāgābhāvato. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘na hi so eva tassa sabhāgo’’tiādi. Yenāti saṅgāhakattena. Evarūpānanti yathāvuttānaṃ tippakārānaṃ aggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ satipi visabhāgabhāveti adhippāyo.
“由此”是指“法处”等说法,意思是:部分——即受蕴等——的集合被法处所摄,也就是部分为集合所摄;而集合——即色蕴——对部分——即眼处、耳处——的能摄,则是集合摄部分。若不如此显示,又显示什么呢?因此说“以四蕴的计数分类”等。其中,“以四蕴的计数分类”是指依色等四蕴的计数来区分。“五种”是指色等四蕴的摄集和识蕴的摄集,如此以五种方式加以区分。因此说“以应计数与不应计数的状态”。在“以一蕴”等表述中,是工具格的意义,而非主格的意义,所以说“不观待能摄与所摄”。因此说“仅存业与工具”。而第二等方式,则是为了显示不计数等。所谓“不计数等的显示”,即是不计数与计数的显示。难道在第二等方式中,计数等也存在吗?确实存在,但那些是作为差别属性的次要成分,因此是依作为主要成分的所差别者而如此说的。由于在“以眼处,哪些法被蕴摄集所摄”等表述中,主格、工具格、业格被指出,所以说“存在主格、工具格、业格三者”。显示巴利原文
Tenāti ‘‘dhammāyatana’’ntiādinā vacanena. Ekadesassa vedanākkhandhādikassa samudāyassa dhammāyatanassa saṅgāhakattaṃ ekadesena samudāyassa saṅgahitabhāvanti attho, samudāyassa rūpakkhandhassa ekadesassa cakkhāyatanassa sotāyatanassa ca saṅgāhakattaṃ samudāyena ekadesassa saṅgahitabhāvanti vuttaṃ hoti. Yadi evaṃ na dasseti, atha kiṃ dassetīti āha ‘‘catukkhandhagaṇanabhedehī’’tiādi. Tattha catukkhandhagaṇanabhedehīti rūpādicatukkhandhagaṇanavibhāgehi . Pañcadhāti rūpādicatukkhandhasaṅgaho viññāṇakkhandhasaṅgahoti evaṃ pañcappakārena bhinnataṃ. Tenāha ‘‘gaṇetabbāgaṇetabbabhāvenā’’ti. ‘‘Ekena khandhenā’’tiādīsu karaṇatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, na kattuattheti katvā āha ‘‘saṅgāhakāsaṅgāhakanirapekkhāna’’nti. Tenevāha ‘‘kammakaraṇamattasabbhāvā’’ti. Dutiyādayo pana nayā. Agaṇanādidassanānīti agaṇanagaṇanadassanāni. Nanu ca dutiyādīsu gaṇanādīnipi vijjantīti? Saccaṃ vijjanti, tāni pana visesanabhūtāni appadhānānīti visesitabbabhūtānaṃ padhānānaṃ vasenevaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Cakkhāyatanena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā’’tiādinā kattuādayo niddiṭṭhāti āha ‘‘kattukaraṇakammattayasabbhāvā’’ti.
“如是如是”是指种种色蕴等类别。“彼彼蕴等状态的有与无即是同类与异类”,意思是:色法等具有色蕴等状态,是同类;不具有受蕴等状态,是异类。“如所确定的法的显示”,是指在“哪些法,那些法”这种确定类别的法之阐明中。“能摄与所摄”是指眼处等能摄者,与耳处等所摄者。“相同的蕴等状态”是指同一蕴等状态,即色蕴等状态的意思。“彼无”是指那相同蕴等状态的不存在,也就是其他蕴等状态。“此”是指:在第一方式中,被称为“如是如是应计数与不应计数”的彼彼蕴等状态的有与无;在第二等方式中,则是指如前所述,相同蕴等状态的有与无。这就是这两种方式在同类与异类上的差别。显示巴利原文
Tathā tathāti tena tena rūpakkhandhādippakārena. Taṃtaṃkhandhādibhāvābhāvo sabhāgavisabhāgatāti rūpadhammādīnaṃ rūpakkhandhādibhāvo sabhāgatā, vedanākkhandhādiabhāvo visabhāgatāti attho. Yathāniddhāritadhammadassaneti ‘‘ye dhammā, te dhammā’’ti niddhāritappakāradhammanirūpane. Saṅgāhakasaṅgahetabbānanti cakkhāyatanādikassa saṅgāhakassa sotāyatanādikassa ca saṅgahetabbassa. Samānakkhandhādibhāvoti ekakkhandhādibhāvo, rūpakkhandhādibhāvoti attho. Tadabhāvoti tassa samānakkhandhādibhāvassa abhāvo aññakkhandhādibhāvo. Ayanti yvāyaṃ paṭhamanaye tathā tathā gaṇetabbāgaṇetabbatāsaṅkhāto dutiyādinayesu yathāvuttānaṃ samānakkhandhādibhāvābhāvasaṅkhāto taṃtaṃkhandhādibhāvābhāvo vutto, ayametesaṃ dvippakārānaṃ nayānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgatāsu viseso.
“集谛、乐根等”:以“等”字含摄道谛、苦根等。“由于没有非能摄性”:因为具有所摄性的非能摄性并不存在。确实无法说“以集谛,哪些法被蕴摄集所摄,而不被处、界摄集所摄”等。与苦谛相似的,是无记句等。“由其他”:由于不被处、界摄集所摄的非能摄性不存在,因此不被举出,这是句子的连接。“如是”等是作为对前述义理的总结而说。“不是色蕴”的意思是:不是一切色蕴法。显示巴利原文
Samudayasaccasukhindriyādīti ādi-saddena maggasaccadukkhindriyādi saṅgayhati. Asaṅgāhakattābhāvatoti saṅgahitatāvisiṭṭhassa asaṅgāhakattassa abhāvato . Na hi sakkā ‘‘samudayasaccena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena asaṅgahitā’’tiādi vattuṃ. Dukkhasaccasadisāni abyākatapadādīni. Itarehīti āyatanadhātusaṅgahehi saṅgāhakattāsaṅgāhakattābhāvato na uddhaṭānīti yojanā. Evantiādi yathāvuttassa atthassa nigamanavasena vuttaṃ. Na rūpakkhandhoti na sabbo rūpakkhandhadhammoti attho.
“以蕴句”(Khandhapadena):这是工具格的意义,而非主格的意义,因此说“意为:以蕴句摄集”。由此,为否定其主格意义,故说“非以能摄者”。然而,工具不能脱离作者而存在,所以又说“但‘以某个能摄者’此语应当引入”。在能摄者中不适用,在所摄者中亦不适用。因为,色蕴法被称为“哪些法为蕴摄集所摄”?为提出“整体所述之理,于其部分中亦可得见”这一问难,故说“以此方式”等。“eva”(只)一词的作用是排除相对者,因此说:“‘eva’一词之义,并非排除其他,而是排除能摄者以外。”从而说:“‘eva’一词之义,即是排除能摄者以外。”而“应当引入”此句,令其义趣更为明晰。因为,若在观待能摄者而说“而彼……”等语的情况下,在“眼处只摄色蕴”一语中,若眼处为能摄者,则所意趣之理便全然不能成立。为明此不能成立之理,今说“如何”等,此易可解。显示巴利原文
‘‘Khandhapadenā’’ti idaṃ karaṇatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, na kattuattheti āha ‘‘khandhapadasaṅgahenāti attho’’ti. Tenevassa kattuatthataṃ paṭisedhetuṃ ‘‘na saṅgāhakenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Karaṇaṃ pana katturahitaṃ natthīti āha ‘‘kenaci saṅgāhakenāti idaṃ pana ānetvā vattabba’’nti. Saṅgāhakesu na yujjati na saṅgahetabbesūti adhippāyo. Rūpakkhandhadhammā hi ‘‘ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena saṅgahitā’’ti vuttāti. Samudāye vuttavidhi tadavayavepi sambhavatīti codanaṃ samuṭṭhāpento ‘‘etena nayenā’’tiādimāha. Paṭiyogīnivattanaṃ eva-saddena karīyatīti āha ‘‘na hi aññamattanivāraṇaṃ eva-saddassa attho’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘saṅgāhakato aññanivāraṇaṃ eva-saddassa attho’’ti. So ca…pe… pekkhanti iminā tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti. Saṅgāhakāpekkhatte hi ‘‘so cā’’tiādivacanassa ‘‘cakkhāyatanena rūpakkhandhova saṅgahito’’ti ettha cakkhāyatanaṃ saṅgāhakanti yathādhippetassa atthassa asambhavo evāti idāni taṃ asambhavaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘katha’’ntiādimāha, taṃ suviññeyyameva.
此处(Ettha),指“以十一个半的处、界”这句中。应引入“以色蕴”作为处、界的限定语。那色蕴并非就是那些处、界本身,而作为集合体,对于其各部分而言,既是摄集者,亦是非摄集者——此义理前已述及,故说“色蕴……不是”。以此方式(Iminā pariyāyena):因为所说的那种摄集性——“以此所摄者,或可成非所摄”——实际并不存在,故以此方式说明。在注释书《界论注释》(171)中所说“彼……无有”,是就非所摄性之不存在而言。若就“所摄性”而言,其以非间接方式(nippariyāyena)之非所摄性的不存在虽已显明,但仍不合理——这是句子的衔接。所谓“以此方式所摄集的所摄性”,是指己对于己,或对于某些部分的所摄性。以彼(tena),指以色蕴。对于它们(tesaṃ),指对于色蕴及彼之某些部分。而且,与受蕴等有不相属(vippayutta)的关系。正如眼处等一样——这是一个不相似的譬喻。以这些色蕴、受蕴等,及其他同类的。此处其余诸法,亦同此理。显示巴利原文
Etthāti ‘‘aḍḍhekādasahi āyatanadhātūhī’’ti ettha. ‘‘Rūpakkhandhenā’’ti ānetvā vattabbaṃ āyatanadhātuvisesanatthaṃ. Na so eva tassa, samudāyo vā tadekadesānaṃ saṅgāhako asaṅgāhako ca hotīti vuttovāyamatthoti āha ‘‘rūpakkhandho…pe… na hotī’’ti. Iminā pariyāyenāti yasmā vuttappakāraṃ saṅgāhakattaṃ natthi ‘‘yena saṅgahitassa asaṅgāhakaṃ siyā’’ti iminā pariyāyena. Asaṅgahitatāya abhāvo vutto aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dhātu. aṭṭha. 171) ‘‘so ca…pe… natthī’’ti. Saṅgahitatāyāti nippariyāyena saṅgahitabhāvena asaṅgahitatāya abhāvo vuttoti na yujjatīti yojanā. Sā saṅgahitatāti attanā attano, attekadesānaṃ vā saṅgahitatā. Tenāti rūpakkhandhena. Tesanti rūpakkhandhatadekadesānaṃ. Atthi ca vippayuttatā vedanākkhandhādīhi. Cakkhāyatanādīhi viyāti visadisudāharaṇaṃ. Etehi rūpavedanākkhandhādīhi aññehi ca evarūpehi. Etāni aññāni cāti etthāpi eseva nayo.
正是基于此,如前文所显,通过显示彼色蕴并无被摄集性。此处(Ettha),指在此轮转分中。不取(Aggahaṇe),即不为宣说、不为开示之义。于苦集圣谛等中(samudayasaccādīsu),即于苦集圣谛、乐根等中,彼理由方可适用。何以故?由于存在着那些以蕴等摄集而被苦集圣谛等所摄集的法类,故彼色蕴之处摄集等非所摄者的状态,并不存在。以色蕴等(rūpakkhandhādīhi),即以诸色蕴、受蕴等。全然无有所摄集者,何以故?因为“彼(色蕴)本身并非自之摄集者”此义已述。即使就色蕴等自身而言,以色蕴等亦……无有——这是句子的衔接。然而,对于其他如受蕴等,由于并无以色蕴等的摄集,故有非所摄集的状态——这是句子的衔接。二者俱无(Ubhayābhāvo),即所摄性与非所摄性俱不存在。此处(ettha),即于此轮转分中。法处、命根等(dhammāyatanajīvitindriyādīnaṃ):法处等是四蕴的摄集者,命根等是二蕴的摄集者——这是句子的衔接。因为于圣典中并未出现。显示巴利原文
Teneva tassa saṅgahitattābhāvadassanena heṭṭhā dassitena. Etthāti etasmiṃ vāre. Aggahaṇeti akathane, adesanāyanti attho. Samudayasaccādīsūti samudayasaccasukhindriyādīsu yujjeyya taṃ kāraṇaṃ. Kasmā? Tehi samudayasaccādīhi khandhādisaṅgahena saṅgahite dhammajāte sati tassa āyatanasaṅgahādīhi asaṅgahitattassa abhāvato. Rūpakkhandhādīhīti rūpakkhandhavedanākkhandhādīhi. Saṅgahitameva natthi, kasmā? ‘‘So eva tassa saṅgāhako na hotī’’ti vuttovāyamattho. Yadipi rūpakkhandhādinā rūpakkhandhādikassa attano…pe… natthīti sambandho. Aññassa pana vedanākkhandhādikassa rūpakkhandhādinā saṅgahitattābhāvena asaṅgahitattaṃ atthīti yojanā. Ubhayābhāvoti saṅgahitattāsaṅgahitattābhāvo. Ettha etasmiṃ vāre. Dhammāyatanajīvitindriyādīnanti dhammāyatanādīnaṃ khandhacatukkasaṅgāhakatte, jīvitindriyādīnaṃ khandhadukasaṅgāhakatteti yojanā. Pāḷiyaṃ anāgatattā ‘‘satī’’ti sāsaṅkaṃ vadati. Ādi-saddena paṭhamena dhammadhātusaḷāyatanādīnaṃ sukhindriyādīnañca, dutiyena ekakkhandhassa saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Sukhindriyañhi vedanākkhandhasseva saṅgāhakaṃ. Tesanti khandhacatukkakhandhadukādīnaṃ asaṅgahitatā na natthi atthevāti tassā abhāvo anekantiko. Pubbe vuttanayenāti ‘‘rūpakkhandhādīhi panā’’tiādinā vuttanayena.
所谓“在那里”,即是在先前所说的“有见有对”之句中。“遮止后执取”,是指遮止先前所说之后,再转而执取、回顾。“他们不应说”,意即那些摄集者、非摄集者、被摄集性、非被摄集性皆不应被言说。正因为非摄集性不存在……非摄集性不存在:因为正如它们的非摄集性不存在,摄集性同样不存在,由此被摄集性与非被摄集性亦不存在——这是显示。显示巴利原文
Tatthevāti tasmiṃyeva pubbe vutte sanidassanasappaṭighapade. Nivattetvā gaṇhantoti pubbe vuttaṃ paṭinivattetvā gaṇhanto paccāmasanto. Tadavattabbatāti tesaṃ saṅgāhakāsaṅgāhakasaṅgahitattāsaṅgahitattānaṃ avattabbatā. Asaṅgāhakattābhāvato eva…pe… na saṅgāhakattābhāvatoti yasmā nesaṃ asaṅgāhakattaṃ viya saṅgāhakattampi natthi, tato eva saṅgahitattāsaṅgahitattampīti dasseti.
3. 第三理趣:以非被摄者释被摄者句之注释显示巴利原文
3. Tatiyanayo asaṅgahitenasaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
179 “以色蕴、以蕴之摄集而非被摄集者中”——此为简别格。“因此”,因为部分之共通性并非总体之共通性,故说“因此”。“以彼”,即以色蕴。“他们”,指受等三蕴与涅槃。并且,正如因部分不共通而有非被摄集性,同样,因部分共通而非被摄集性亦不存在——为显示此义,故说“不仅……”等。他们并非不被摄集——这是句子的连接。“他们”,即受等三蕴、涅槃、微细色法。“以他们”,即以识蕴、眼处等。“不以任何方式混合”,即无论如何都不混合,由不混合性而成立被摄集性之不存在。正如以色蕴……并非如此:如同因与色蕴无共通性,故涅槃不被任何摄集所摄集;同样,以识蕴、眼处等,彼涅槃亦不被那些处摄集、界摄集所摄集,因此蕴摄集之不存在是明显的。已说——这是如此说。显示巴利原文
179.Rūpakkhandhenakhandhasaṅgahena asaṅgahitesūti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ. Tasmāti yasmā ekadesasabhāgatā samudāyasabhāgatā na hoti, tasmā. Tenāti rūpakkhandhena. Tānīti vedanādikkhandhattayanibbānāni. Yathā ca ekadesavisabhāgatāya na saṅgahitatā, evaṃ ekadesasabhāgatāya asaṅgahitatāpi natthīti dassento ‘‘na kevala’’ntiādimāha. Saṅgahitāneva na na hontīti yojanā. Teti vedanādikkhandhattayanibbānasukhumarūpadhammā. Tehīti viññāṇakkhandhacakkhāyatanādīhi. Na kathañci sammissāti kenacipi pakārena na sammissāti asammissatāya saṅgahitattābhāvaṃ sādheti. Rūpakkhandhena viya…pe… na hotīti yathā rūpakkhandhena sabhāgatābhāvato nibbānaṃ na kenacipi saṅgahaṇena saṅgahitaṃ, evaṃ viññāṇakkhandhacakkhāyatanādīhi taṃ āyatanadhātusaṅgahehi saṅgahitaṃ na hotīti khandhasaṅgahābhāvo pākaṭo vuttovāti evaṃ vuttaṃ.
“如是等者”,即色蕴、识蕴、眼处等。因为对于涅槃,不能这样说:“以色蕴、以识蕴、以眼处,那些不以蕴摄集而被摄集的法,却以处摄集、界摄集而被摄集。”因此说“正因为摄集性不存在”。同样,对于“以无记法,那些不以蕴摄集而被摄集的法,却以处摄集、界摄集而被摄集”等,也不能这样说,因为那样的法并不存在,故说“因为与涅槃一起……存在”。应知为“不取”——这是句子的连接。因此说“因为不……”等。“任何”,即任何法类。“他们”,即无记法等。“自己”,是就无记法等而说。“一部分”,即色蕴等。“某些部分共通者”,指涅槃。因为彼涅槃被法处、法界所摄,故与他们有部分共通性。“非被摄集者之摄集者”,是指对于不以蕴摄集而被摄集的想蕴等,而以处摄集、界摄集为其摄集者——这是义理。显示巴利原文
Evarūpānanti rūpakkhandhaviññāṇakkhandhacakkhāyatanādīnaṃ. Na hi nibbānaṃ sandhāya ‘‘rūpakkhandhena viññāṇakkhandhena cakkhāyatanena ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena asaṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena saṅgahitā’’ti sakkā vattuṃ. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅgāhakattābhāvato evā’’ti. Tathā ‘‘abyākatehi dhammehi ye dhammā khandhasaṅgahena asaṅgahitā, āyatanadhātusaṅgahena saṅgahitā’’tiādi na sakkā vattuṃ tādisassa dhammassa abhāvatoti āha ‘‘sanibbāna…pe… bhāvatovā’’ti. Aggahaṇaṃ veditabbanti yojanā. Tenāha ‘‘na hī’’tiādi. Kañcīti kañci dhammajātaṃ. Teti abyākatadhammādayo. Attanoti abyākatadhammādiṃ sandhāyāha. Ekadesoti rūpakkhandhādi. Attekadesasabhāgoti nibbānaṃ. Tañhi dhammāyatanadhammadhātupariyāpannatāya tadekadesasabhāgo. Asaṅgahitasaṅgāhakattāti khandhasaṅgahena asaṅgahitānaṃ saññākkhandhādīnaṃ āyatanadhātusaṅgahena saṅgāhakattāti attho.
由于是不共蕴、不共涅槃的集合之故,任何法既不依蕴摄、亦不依法处而得摄——这是句子的连接。“此”,即“依法处而得摄”这一句,意为依法处之数而得摄。是与粗色相杂的法处之一分。显示巴利原文
Visabhāgakkhandhanibbānasamudāyattā khandhasaṅgahena dhammāyatanena na koci dhammo saṅgahito atthīti yojanā. Etassāti ‘‘dhammāyatanena saṅgahitā’’ti etassa padassa dhammāyatanagaṇanena saṅgahitāti attho. Oḷārikarūpasammissaṃ dhammāyatanekadesaṃ.
4. 第四理趣:以被摄者释被摄者句之注释显示巴利原文
4. Catutthanayo saṅgahitenasaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
191 “三种摄”即指蕴摄、处摄、界摄。先有摄而后无摄,先无摄而后有摄,如此所说的摄与不摄,是依摄的转起差别而说,故说“摄……乃至……已宣说”。因无摄性而有“不摄”,以摄为因的摄转起差别本身,即名为“无摄而有摄之转起”。以某种集谛等三种摄所摄、属于行蕴的某种殊胜法,又被同样的集谛等殊胜法以同样方式所摄,此即“以已摄者而摄”。由于不具能摄性,故不以能摄性举出,并非由于不是能摄者。正如不以三种摄为能摄者,同样,亦不以两种或一种摄为能摄者,在此亦不举出。以他们摄者,即以此三种摄所摄的诸法。所谓“所属”,即属于其自身的能摄者。显示巴利原文
191.Tiṇṇaṃsaṅgahānanti khandhāyatanadhātusaṅgahānaṃ. Saṅgahaṇapubbaṃ asaṅgahaṇaṃ, asaṅgahaṇapubbaṃ saṅgahaṇañca vuccamānaṃ saṅgahaṇāsaṅgahaṇānaṃ pavattivisesena vuttaṃ hotīti āha ‘‘saṅgahaṇā…pe… uddiṭṭhā’’ti. Saṅgahābhāvakato asaṅgaho saṅgahahetuko saṅgahassa pavattivisesoyeva nāma hotīti āha ‘‘saṅgahaṇappavattivisesavirahe’’ti. Kenaci samudayasaccādinā tīhipi saṅgahehi saṅgahitena saṅkhārakkhandhapariyāpannena dhammavisesena puna tatheva saṅgahito so eva samudayasaccādiko dhammaviseso saṅgahitena saṅgahito. Saṅgāhakattābhāvasabbhāvā saṅgāhakabhāvena na uddhaṭā, na asaṅgāhakattā eva. Yathā hi tīhi saṅgahehi na saṅgāhakā, evaṃ dvīhi, ekenapi saṅgahena na saṅgāhakā idha na uddhaṭā. Tehi saṅgahitāti tehi tīhi saṅgahehi saṅgahitā dhammā. Yassāti yassa attano saṅgāhakassa.
“以整体之语”是指无余地说蕴等义。“以此蕴等词”应如此连接:“即以此蕴等词而应入于摄”。然而若不这样连接,便不能说:“将自身的能摄者摄取之后,又以同一能摄者入于摄,那样的其他所摄者是不存在的。”为什么呢?因为并非是以集谛等将已由蕴等摄所摄的行蕴中某些法摄取之后,又以同一集谛等来探问和解答该行蕴中其余法的摄,也不是唯独对集谛等本身的摄进行探问和解答,而是以该行蕴中的触等法来摄。“已摄者”意为具已摄性的殊胜者。因此应知,将自身的能摄者——即具有整体特相等——摄取之后,又以该蕴等词而应入于摄者,这样的法是不存在的。受是单独的蕴,声是单独的处,以其他不同的蕴等,不相混杂,即如无记、苦谛等那样不相混杂。在此场合中,并非以具已摄性的殊胜法所摄的那个法,其具已摄性的殊胜者本身的摄,被探问和解答。“唯是摄”意为仅仅是摄,不观待作者。“非以能摄者”这是显示依上述义理而被排除者。“非”等是其理由。显示巴利原文
Sakalavācakenāti anavasesaṃ khandhādiatthaṃ vadantena. Tena khandhādipadenāti ‘‘teneva saṅgahaṃ gaccheyyā’’ti ettha tena khandhādipadenāti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ pana ayojetvā ‘‘yaṃ attano saṅgāhakaṃ saṅgaṇhitvā puna teneva saṅgahaṃ gaccheyya, taṃ aññaṃ saṅgahitaṃ nāma natthī’’ti evaṃ na sakkā vattuṃ. Kasmāti ce? Na hi yena samudayasaccādinā yaṃ saṅkhārakkhandhapariyāpannaṃ dhammajātaṃ khandhādisaṅgahehi saṅgahitaṃ, teneva samudayasaccādinā tassa tadavasiṭṭhassa saṅkhārakkhandhadhammassa, na ca tasseva kevalassa samudayasaccādikassa saṅgaho pucchito vissajjitoti yojanā, atha kho tena saṅkhārakkhandhadhammena phassādinā. Saṅgahitassāti saṅgahitatāvisiṭṭhassāti attho. Tasmā attano saṅgāhakaṃ sakalakkhaṇādiṃ saṅgaṇhitvā puna tena khandhādipadena yaṃ saṅgahaṃ gaccheyya, taṃ tādisaṃ natthīti attho veditabbo. Vedanā saddo ca khandho āyatanañcāti vedanā visuṃ khandho, saddo ca visuṃ āyatananti attho. Aññena khandhantarādinā. Asammissanti abyākatadukkhasaccādi viya amissitaṃ. Na hi…pe… etthāti saṅgahitatāvisiṭṭhena dhammena yo dhammo saṅgahito, tassa saṅgahitatāvisiṭṭhoyeva yo saṅgaho, so na ettha vāre pucchito vissajjito ca. Saṅgahovāti kevalo saṅgaho , na kattāpekkhoti attho. Na saṅgāhakenāti idaṃ yathāvuttena atthena nivattitassa dassanaṃ. Na hītiādi taṃsamatthanaṃ.
第四理趣——以已聚合者解释已聚合词——的注释已毕。显示巴利原文
Catutthanayasaṅgahitenasaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5. 第五法:以不摄者释不摄句显示巴利原文
5. Pañcamanayo asaṅgahitenaasaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
193 依所说之理:第五理趣远离了与聚合相关的转起差别,而依止于不聚合的殊胜法。因此,这里对于某种以不聚合的殊胜法而再次成为不聚合的殊胜法——即“以不聚合者为不聚合”——应当依于不聚合性来发问与解答。为了显示这种所简择者,便如同在第四理趣中所说的那样,说道:“以色蕴,对诸法……乃至……不聚合;以这些法,对诸法……乃至……不聚合。”所谓“如所简择”,即指巴利文中已被简择出的那一类法。“与微细色俱”,即具有微细色;与这种微细色一同被执取的心识,以及与彼相应的法聚,便称为“与微细…等”。“他们是何?”答:“苦谛等。”某些法,如涅槃、眼处等,是以三种方式聚合的。而以三种方式圆满聚合、却并非能聚合者的,即是圆满聚合的非能聚合者。与无记法相类似的,例如非见所断非修所断、非有学非无学等。其余者,即色蕴等。依相反的理趣,即由于存在虽然应以三种方式聚合、却不被聚合的情形,所以是圆满聚合的非能聚合者。显示巴利原文
193.Vuttanayenāti yasmā saṅgahappavattivisesavirahito asaṅgahitadhammavisesanissito pañcamanayo, tasmā yo ettha kenaci asaṅgahitena dhammavisesena puna asaṅgahito dhammaviseso asaṅgahitena asaṅgahito asaṅgahitatāya pucchitabbo vissajjitabbo ca. Tameva tāva yathāniddhāritaṃ dassento ‘‘rūpakkhandhena ye dhammā khandha…pe… asaṅgahitā, tehi dhammehi ye dhammā khandha…pe… asaṅgahitāti āhā’’ti catutthanaye vuttanayānusārena. Yathāniddhāritadhammadassananti pāḷiyaṃ niddhāritappakāradhammadassanaṃ. Saha sukhumarūpenāti sasukhumarūpaṃ, tena sukhumarūpena saddhiṃ gahitaṃ viññāṇaṃ, tena sahitadhammasamudāyā sasukhuma…pe… dāyā. Ke pana teti āha ‘‘dukkhasaccā’’tiādi. Kesañcīti nibbānacakkhāyatanādīnaṃ. Tīhipi saṅgahehi. Paripuṇṇasaṅgahehi tīhipi saṅgahehi asaṅgāhakā paripuṇṇasaṅgahāsaṅgāhakā. Abyākatadhammasadisā nevadassanenanabhāvanāyapahātabbanevasekkhānāsekkhādayo. Itareti rūpakkhandhādayo. Tabbipariyāyenāti vuttavipariyāyena, tīhipi saṅgahehi asaṅgahetabbassa atthitāya paripuṇṇasaṅgahāsaṅgāhakattāti attho.
非能聚合者中已包含了涅槃,因此,涅槃并非不应被“无见无对”所不摄,这是其义。所以[论中]说:“而且,那并非其能聚合者。”“以受蕴,对诸法”等九个问题是从第二问开始的,这九问与第一问相加,成为十问;而名色问等则有二十四问,因此说“一共三十四问”。所谓“色蕴等差别之词”,是指“以色蕴”等以非能聚合性作为特征差别的色蕴等词语。问,即询问之义。“以色蕴”等一切表述,都是为了使人生起了解而说的,由于它们是询问,因此就是“问”。故注释中说:“此处之问……乃至……共为三十四问。”它们通过特相而被显示,即它们是被简择的法:正是凭借这种不聚合的不聚合性,也即是被称为“简择”的特相而显示的。显示巴利原文
Asaṅgāhakesu nibbānaṃ antogadhaṃ, tasmā taṃ anidassanaappaṭighehi asaṅgahetabbaṃ na hotīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘na ca tadeva tassa asaṅgāhaka’’nti. ‘‘Vedanākkhandhena ye dhammā’’tiādayo nava pañhā dutiyapañhādayo, te paṭhamapañhena saddhiṃ dasa, nāmarūpapañhādayo pana catuvīsatīti āha ‘‘sabbepi catuttiṃsa hontī’’ti. Rūpakkhandhādivisesakapadanti ‘‘rūpakkhandhenā’’tiādinā asaṅgāhakattena visesakaṃ rūpakkhandhādipadaṃ. Pucchāyāti ca pucchanatthanti attho. ‘‘Rūpakkhandhenā’’tiādi sabbampi vā viññāpetuṃ icchitabhāvena vacanaṃ pañhabhāvato pucchā. Tenāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘pañhā panettha…pe… catuttiṃsa hontī’’ti. Te hi lakkhaṇato dassitāti te niddhāritadhammā teneva asaṅgahitāsaṅgahitatāya niddhāraṇasaṅkhātena lakkhaṇena dassitā.
“Tadevā”(即是此)——即通过“eva”(即是)一词:“tadevā”此处的“eva”一词。在“由问所举之词,不被蕴等所摄”一句中,“khandhādīhevā”(以蕴等即是)此限定词是无用的,因为没有其他方式。因为说的是“以三种不摄”。同样,“asaṅgahitamevā”(即是不摄)——因为并未意图否定“被摄”的状态。“Tadevā”(即是此)——然而,其意图是:应当限定仅对所举之词为“不摄”,故说“非任何时候”等。其中,“aññassā”(其他的)即指未举之词。显示其不确定性——此即显示限定之果。“决定”——即可以结合剩余的言词。此亦是为了通过“eva”一词使已成立之义更加明了而说。因为有“eva”一词,故于他处决定。Evaṃpakāramevā(即是如此方式)——即问中所举之方式,意即:凡由问所举之方式,即是该方式。Tassā(其)——即不摄之词。Aññassā(其他的)——即问中未举之方式。以此显示:凡由问所举者,即使以三种摄法亦为不摄,唯此才是此处应当被问与被答的对象,而非其他。故说“因为由问所举”等。在此,当依处与界的摄法,了知色蕴等与他法同在,而识蕴等不与他法同在。显示巴利原文
Tadevāti eva-saddenāti ‘‘tadevā’’ti ettha eva-saddena. ‘‘Yaṃ pucchāya uddhaṭaṃ padaṃ, taṃ khandhādīhi asaṅgahita’’nti ettha ‘‘khandhādīhevā’’ti avadhāraṇaṃ nippayojanaṃ pakārantarassa abhāvato. ‘‘Tīhi asaṅgaho’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Tathā ‘‘asaṅgahitamevā’’ti saṅgahitatānivattanassa anadhippetattā. Tadevāti pana icchitaṃ uddhaṭasseva asaṅgahitenaasaṅgahitabhāvassa avadhāretabbattāti dassento ‘‘na kadācī’’tiādimāha. Tattha aññassāti anuddhaṭassa. Aniyatataṃ dassetīti idaṃ avadhāraṇaphaladassanaṃ. Niyamatoti sakkā vacanaseso yojetunti idampi eva-kārena siddhamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ vuttaṃ. Yato hi eva-kāro, tato aññattha niyamoti. Evaṃpakāramevāti pucchāya uddhaṭappakārameva, yaṃ pakāraṃ pucchāya uddhaṭaṃ, taṃpakāramevāti attho. Tassāti asaṅgahitassa. Aññassāti pucchāya anuddhaṭappakārassa. Etena yo pucchāya uddhaṭo tīhipi saṅgahehi asaṅgahito, tasseva idha pucchitabbavissajjitabbabhāvo, na aññassāti dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘pucchāya uddhaṭañhī’’tiādi. Āyatanadhātusaṅgahavasena cettha rūpakkhandhādīnaṃ aññasahitatā, viññāṇakkhandhādīnaṃ asahitatā ca veditabbā.
其余受等三蕴及涅槃,整体不被色蕴所摄,故不能说‘被摄’;但因部分被摄,故说‘应作如是观:并非不被摄’。‘唯色法’这一限定,是为了表明提问所举之状,故云‘问中……意趣’。由此可知,未举出的受等亦属不摄。在此第五法解释中,初法即第一义理,第二法亦然。以色与识——即以非细色法与识,显示此中意趣,故说‘粗……义’。然而,为何说‘色法’时只取粗色?因为此处以色为名,已取色之一分,故如是说。显示巴利原文
Avasesā vedanādayo tayo khandhā nibbānañca sakalena rūpakkhandhena tesaṃ saṅgaho natthīti ‘‘saṅgahitā’’ti na sakkā vattuṃ, ekadesena pana saṅgaho atthīti ‘‘asaṅgahitā na hontīti evaṃ daṭṭhabba’’nti āha. ‘‘Rūpadhammāvā’’ti niyamanaṃ pucchāya uddhaṭabhāvāpekkhanti dassento ‘‘pucchāya…pe… adhippāyo’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘anuddhaṭā vedanādayopi hi asaṅgahitā evā’’ti. Etthāti etasmiṃ pañcamanayaniddese. Paṭhame nayeti paṭhame atthavikappe. Tathā dutiyeti etthāpi. Rūpaviññāṇehīti asukhumarūpadhammehi viññāṇena cāti ayamettha adhippāyoti dassento ‘‘oḷārika…pe… attho’’ti āha. Kathaṃ pana rūpadhammāti vutte oḷārikarūpasseva gahaṇanti āha ‘‘rūpekadeso hi ettha rūpaggahaṇena gahito’’ti.
196 ‘不摄者’——如‘以眼处……不摄’等语句,虽从不摄的角度来说明,也以应被问与应被答的方式来表述。即使受等四法为不摄,但为显示这不只是指眼处,故说‘然以眼处’等。‘以何等法’——即在蕴等之中,以哪些法。一切已生之法,于经中皆随顺此色等法。为何随顺?故说‘以同类之答’等。这是以初随顺。‘二’——即指‘外与所取二’中的‘二’字。那些不摄之法,如前所示——即以‘色’等所示的方式。随顺法智的生起,便是给与法则。这一法则依据‘色是法处’等词,为二十二词的法则。显示巴利原文
196.Asaṅgāhakanti ‘‘cakkhāyatanena…pe… asaṅgahitā’’ti evaṃ asaṅgāhakabhāvena vuttaṃ pucchitabbavissajjetabbabhāvena vuttampi kāmaṃ vedanādīheva catūhi asaṅgahitaṃ, taṃ pana na cakkhāyatanamevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘cakkhāyatanena panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Yehi dhammehīti khandhādīsu yehi. Sabbaṃ dhammajātaṃ teva rūpādike dhamme udāneti pāḷiyaṃ. Kasmā panetaṃ udānetīti āha ‘‘sadisavissajjanā’’tiādi. Paṭhamena udānena. Dveti ‘‘bāhirā upādā dve’’ti ettha vuttaṃ dve-saddaṃ sandhāyāha. Tassa asaṅgahitassa. Yathādassitassāti ‘‘rūpa’’ntiādinā dassitappakārassa. Dhammanvayañāṇuppādanaṃ nayadānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ dhammāyatana’’ntiādīnaṃ padānaṃ vasena dvevīsapadiko esa nayo.
6. 第六法:相应与不相应句之释显示巴利原文
6. Chaṭṭhanayo sampayogavippayogapadavaṇṇanā
228 ‘于此’——以此显示:在‘分拆相应与不相应词’时,相应与不相应词已被分拆,并且为了应被解说,主要部分是后置的,而非色蕴等词,故说了‘不可得……应当了知’之后,又以‘于色蕴等中’等阐明其含义。其中,不可得——即无法获得‘相应或不相应’的讲法;虽然不可得,但因问所取,便以否定来回答。因为否定也是一种回答。如《双论》中:‘若某人的色蕴未生,其受蕴亦未生’,于问中以‘无’作答。但在此处,是显示色法中无相应的意义。虽然不可得,却仍取相应之词,这是其关联。于一切处——即于色蕴、受蕴等中。于这些——指色与涅槃。异类——即不同类。因为相应具有同生等特性,故为同类;不似‘摄’中的同一种类。因此,无同生等性的色与涅槃,其同生等性被称为异类。以彼无故——即因为那种异类的同生等性不存在。不相应也被遮止,或者说‘异类之性即是不相应’,正是此义。以‘以四’等令所述之义更明了。其中,‘以他们三’——即唯与无色蕴相关。于色与涅槃中,因为是异类,以不存在故。这便是义理。故说‘非色之一分’等。唯以此——即唯以四蕴同类故。显示巴利原文
228. ‘‘Tatthā’’ti iminā ‘‘sampayogavippayogapadaṃ bhājetvā’’ti ettha sampayogavippayogapadaṃ bhājitaṃ, saṃvaṇṇetabbatāya ca padhānabhūtaṃ paccāmaṭṭhaṃ, na rūpakkhandhādipadanti dassento ‘‘yaṃ labbhati…pe… veditabba’’nti vatvā puna ‘‘rūpakkhandhādīsu hī’’tiādinā tamatthaṃ vivarati. Tattha na labbhatīti ‘‘sampayuttaṃ vippayutta’’nti vā gahetuṃ na labbhati, alabbhamānampi pucchāya gahitaṃ paṭikkhepena vissajjetuṃ. Paṭikkhepopi hi pucchāya vissajjanameva. Tathā hi yamake (yama. 1.khandhayamaka.59-61) ‘‘yassa rūpakkhandho nuppajjittha, tassa vedanākkhandho nuppajjitthā’’ti pucchāya ‘‘natthī’’ti vissajjitaṃ. Tena panettha rūpadhammesu sampayogaṭṭho na labbhatīti ayamattho dassito hoti. Alabbhamānampi sampayogapadaṃ gahitanti sambandho. Sabbatthāti rūpakkhandhavedanākkhandhādīsu. Etesanti rūpanibbānānaṃ. Visabhāgatāti ataṃsabhāgatā. Ekuppādādibhāvo hi sampayoge sabhāgatā, na saṅgahe viya samānasabhāgatā, tasmā ekuppādādibhāvarahitānaṃ rūpanibbānānaṃ sā ekuppādāditā visabhāgatā vuttā. Tadabhāvatoti tassā visabhāgatāya ekuppādāditāya abhāvato. Vippayogopi nivārito eva hoti, visabhāgo bhāvo vippayogoti vuttovāyamatthoti. ‘‘Catūsuhī’’tiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti. Tattha tesaṃ tehīti ca arūpakkhandhe eva parāmasati. Visabhāgatā ca hoti rūpanibbānesu avijjamānattāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘na ca rūpekadesassā’’tiādi. Tenevāti catukkhandhasabhāgattā eva.
“以三种识界”,指与鼻识界、舌识界、身识界不相应,且不与所缘相杂、但与色法相杂的法,以此说明色有。这是此处连属之义。“以五种”,指眼识界等五种识界。“以一种意界”。“不相应”,即唯指不相应。正如论中所言:“在不相应时,与七种相应,或与那七种相应。”因此,即通过对不相应性的遮遣来说明。“与它们”,指与七种识界。“说明相应者”,即说明相应者,而非仅说明不相应者,应如此把握其决定。此道理于其余处也如此。与它相应的,即受等诸法。在相应与不相应的状态下,那七识界本身不可说。以相应状态不可说者,即相应而不可说者,指相续已坏、处于异刹那者,以及非色法类。应知:不与所缘相杂的一切识界及其相应法,应以法处等句说明;不与所缘相杂的一切识界,应以非心所等句说明;此二者之合集,应以苦谛等句说明。显示巴利原文
Tīhi viññāṇadhātūhīti ghānajivhākāyaviññāṇadhātūhi vippayutte anārammaṇamissake rūpadhammamissake dhamme dīpeti rūpabhavoti yojanā. Pañcahīti cakkhuviññāṇādīhi pañcahi viññāṇadhātūhi. Ekāya manodhātuyā. Na sampayutteti na sampayutte eva. Tathā hi ‘‘vippayutte ahonte sattahipi sampayutte sattapi vā tā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenāti vippayuttatāpaṭikkhepena. Tāhīti sattaviññāṇadhātūhi. Sampayutte dīpentīti sampayutte dīpentiyeva, na sampayutte evāti evamavadhāraṇaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Esa nayo sesesupi. Sampayutte vedanādike. Sampayuttavippayuttabhāvehi navattabbaṃ, taṃyeva viññāṇadhātusattakaṃ. Sampayuttabhāvena navattabbāni sampayuttanavattabbāni, bhinnasantānikāni, nānākkhaṇikāni ca arūpānipi dhammajātāni. Anārammaṇamissakasabbaviññāṇadhātutaṃsampayuttā dhammāyatanādipadehi dīpetabbā, anārammaṇamissakasabbaviññāṇadhātuyo acetasikādipadehi dīpetabbā, tadubhayasamudāyā dukkhasaccādipadehi dīpetabbāti veditabbā.
如果是这样,即如果不与所缘相杂的法没有“不相应”这一情况。“不与所缘相杂的两种法”,指与色、涅槃共同存在的一切识界及其相应法。“以蕴等”,即仅以蕴、处、界来说明,而非仅以非色蕴来说明。然而,正是针对非色蕴,才说“与那些法不相应的法”,这表明此说并无过失。“彼之一分”,即“不与所缘相杂”等处所说的法集合之一分。“彼之一分与其他集合”,即成为如前所述的那个集合之一分后,又成为其他部分,如色蕴等集合的状态。由于没有区分,即由于没有分离。此处“分离”指绝对的分离。因为集合与部分之间,并不像共相与别相那样有绝对的分离,它们是分离与不分离相交杂的。正是针对它们之间没有绝对的分离,论集中才说:“摄入集合中的一分,没有区分。”因此,由于没有绝对的区分性,由于不具有同分和异分的性质。“它们”,指不与所缘相杂的一切识界等。它们于善等中是不善或无记。“它们”,指善、不善、无记法。因此,此处的意思是:因为对于已经区分开来的自性法来说,并不存在那些法的集合一分等状态。然而,因为善等即是蕴,通过触及蕴,集合一分等状态便已陷入其中,依前所说之理,不相应便无法成立。所以,为了避免这一过失,才说“不触及蕴等”。“它们”,即善等。至此,相互不相应性已经说明。显示巴利原文
Yadi evanti yadi anārammaṇamissānaṃ dhammānaṃ vippayogo natthi. Anārammaṇamissobhayadhammāti rūpanibbānasahitasabbaviññāṇadhātutaṃsampayuttadhammā. Khandhādīhevāti khandhāyatanadhātūhi eva, na arūpakkhandhamattena. Arūpakkhandheyeva pana sandhāya ‘‘tehi dhammehi ye dhammā vippayuttā’’ti vuttanti nāyaṃ dosoti dasseti. Tadekadesāti ‘‘anārammaṇamissā’’tiādinā vuttadhammasamudāyassa ekadesā. Tadekadesaññasamudāyāti tasseva yathāvuttassa samudāyassa ekadesā hutvā aññesaṃ avayavānaṃ rūpakkhandhādīnaṃ samudāyabhūtā. Vibhāgābhāvatoti bhedābhāvato. Bhedoti cettha accantabhedo adhippeto. Na hi samudāyāvayavānaṃ sāmaññavisesānaṃ viya accantabhedo atthi bhedābhedayuttattā. Tesaṃ accantabhedameva hi sandhāya ‘‘samudāyantogadhānaṃ ekadesānaṃ na vibhāgo atthī’’ti saṅgahepi vuttaṃ. Tenāti avibhāgasabbhāvato sabhāgavisabhāgattābhāvena. Tesanti anārammaṇamissakasabbaviññāṇadhātuādīnaṃ . Te ca akusalābyākatā. Tesanti kusalākusalābyākatadhammānaṃ. Tasmāti yasmā vibhattasabhāvānaṃ na tesaṃ samudāyekadesādibhāvo, tasmā. Yasmā pana kusalādayo eva khandhādayoti khandhādiāmasanena samudāyekadesādibhāvo āpanno evāti vuttanayena vippayogābhāvo hoti, tasmā taṃ pariharanto ‘‘khandhādīni anāmasitvā’’tiādimāha. Tesanti kusalādīnaṃ. Aññamaññavippayuttatā vuttā ‘‘kusalehi dhammehi ye dhammā vippayuttā’’tiādinā. Sabbesūti dutiyādisabbapañhesu.
在三十六对底分句处,有二十对分句可适用于此理,其余仅有十六对,因此说“应说为十六”。由此,在“一百二十三”之处,“二十三”应与“应说为二十一”连属。“于一切处”,即于一切问难之中。对于同一时、同一相续,以及不同时、不同相续的众多法,成为集合的行蕴、法处、法界,因此说“时、相续…… 界”。“与一分混合”,即如心如意足等,仅以其自身的一分与蕴等混合的如意足等,而不与无所缘的色、涅槃混合。“以同一时相续”,即于同一时相续、无时相续差别的一分之间,以行蕴等的一分之间,以行蕴等的一分差别状态来把握的念处、正勤、想蕴等,以及已区分的集谛等,以相应或不相应的状态被把握,而色蕴等则以不相应的状态被把握,这是此处的连属之义。“与它们”,即与集谛等。“它们”,即想蕴等。与某些可俱生、已区分的一分之间。因为即使被包含于行蕴等之中,集谛等与道谛等也不能获得相应。“它们”,即受蕴、想蕴等。“俱生等…… 异分性”,即称为俱生等的、随其所宜的同分性与异分性。由此,即依所述之理,相应与不相应可得成立。显示巴利原文
Chattiṃsāya piṭṭhidukapadesu vīsati dukapadāni imasmiṃ naye labbhanti, avasiṭṭhāni soḷasevāti āha ‘‘soḷasāti vattabba’’nti. Tato eva ‘‘tevīsapadasata’’nti ettha ‘‘tevīsa’’nti idañca ‘‘ekavīsa’’nti vattabbanti yojanā. Sabbatthāti sabbapañhesu. Ekakālekasantānānaṃ bhinnakālabhinnasantānānañca anekesaṃ dhammānaṃ samudāyabhūtā saṅkhārakkhandhadhammāyatanadhammadhātuyoti āha ‘‘kālasantāna…pe… dhātūna’’nti. Ekadesasammissāti cittiddhipādādinā attano ekadeseneva khandhantarādīhi sammissā iddhipādādayo, anārammaṇehi rūpanibbānehi ca asammissā. Samānakālasantānehīti ekakālasantānehi kālasantānabhedarahitehi ekadesantarehi, saṅkhārakkhandhādīnaṃ ekadesantarehi, saṅkhārakkhandhādīnaṃ ekadesavisesabhūtehi satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānasaññākkhandhādīhi vibhattā eva samudayasaccādayo sampayogīvippayogībhāvena, rūpakkhandhādayo vippayogībhāvena gahitāti yojanā. Tehi samudayasaccādīhi. Te saññākkhandhādayo. Kehici sahuppajjanārahehi ekadesantarehi vibhattehi. Na hi saṅkhārakkhandhādipariyāpannattepi samudayasaccādayo maggasaccādīhi sampayogaṃ labhanti. Tesanti vedanākkhandhasaññākkhandhādīnaṃ. Ekuppādā…pe… visabhāgatā cāti ekuppādāditāsaṅkhātā yathārahaṃ sabhāgatā visabhāgatā ca. Tena yathāvuttakāraṇena sampayogassa vippayogassa ca labhanato.
不同时的诸聚集之聚集,即是不同时聚集。而当下,于同一相续中,一一法各各转起。所谓“因此”,正因为此正是如此,所以如此。由于受蕴等并非所应区分的部分,乐根等虽也是受蕴之一分,然是以不作区分故。若因同一时间中没有应区分者,眼识界等便不对识蕴作区分,那为何又说“眼识界……乃至……意识界与十六界不相应”?将此疑置于心中,而说“蕴、处……乃至……说为不相应”。正是如此,即如由界区分而对识所作的区分一样,正是如此。显示巴利原文
Bhinnakālānaṃ samudāyīnaṃ samudāyā bhinnakālasamudāyā. Vattamānā ca ekasmiṃ santāne ekekadhammā vattanti. Tasmāti yasmā etadeva, tasmā. Tesaṃ vedanākkhandhādīnaṃ vibhajitabbassa ekadesabhūtassa abhāvato. Sukhindriyādīni vedanākkhandhekadesabhūtānipi. Tena vibhāgākaraṇena . Yadi samānakālassa vibhajitabbassa abhāvato cakkhuviññāṇadhātādayo viññāṇakkhandhassa vibhāgaṃ na karonti, atha kasmā ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇadhātu…pe… manoviññāṇadhātu soḷasahi dhātūhi vippayuttā’’ti vuttanti codanaṃ manasi katvā āha ‘‘khandhāyatana…pe… vippayuttāti vutta’’nti. Evamevanti yathā dhātuvibhāgena vibhattassa viññāṇassa, evamevaṃ.
235 “与彼相应之状态”:即与他们蕴相应的状态。正如同一时间、同一相续、同一心聚中生起的受蕴、想蕴、识蕴,与集谛是相应;同样,与不同相续、不同时间的他们蕴,与集谛则是不相应,因此说“如是,与彼不相应之状态……未说”。由于未对异类所系属作区分,故与他们无区分的三蕴……依“若区分……”等文句,令其义更为明了。“无区分者”:即由于同一时间、同一相续、同一心生起,故对未作区分的受蕴等,不可说为不相应。因此说“于存在……的状态”。其中,此意指存在、相同、同类。因为存在的色与非色并非互为异类。“如未生的诸法”:这是显示不相似的譬喻。如同“未生的诸法”指未来时,即未触及时间差别;同样,此处是指未触及时间差别的意思。应提取出来,以教说而说,这是所说的意思。唯有存在的与存在的相应,唯有具相应能力者方为不相应,这是依于存在性而说相应与不相应,故说“依于现在性”。因此说“于不存在者……”等。而那个,即提取。显示巴利原文
235.Taṃsampayogībhāvanti tehi khandhehi sampayogībhāvaṃ. Yathā hi samānakālasantānehi ekacittuppādagatehi vedanāsaññāviññāṇakkhandhehi samudayasaccassa sampayuttatā, evaṃ bhinnasantānehi bhinnakālehi ca tehi tassa vippayuttatāti āha ‘‘evaṃ taṃvippayogībhāvaṃ…pe… na vutta’’nti. Visabhāgatānibandhassa vibhāgassa abhāvena avibhāgehi tehi tīhi khandhehi. Vibhāge hītiādinā tamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti. Vibhāgarahitehīti samānakālasantānehi ekacittuppādagatattā avibhattehi vedanākkhandhādīhi na yuttaṃ vippayuttanti vattuṃ. Tenāha ‘‘vijjamānehi…pe… bhāvato’’ti. Tattha vijjamānassa samānassa samānajātikassāti adhippāyo. Na hi vijjamānaṃ rūpārūpaṃ aññamaññassa visabhāgaṃ na hoti. Anuppannā dhammā viyāti idaṃ visadisudāharaṇadassanaṃ. Yathā ‘‘anuppannā dhammā’’ti anāgatakālaṃ vuccatīti āmaṭṭhakālabhedaṃ, evaṃ yaṃ āmaṭṭhakālabhedaṃ na hotīti attho. Uddharitabbaṃ desanāya desetabbanti vuttaṃ hoti. Vijjamānasseva vijjamānena sampayogo, sampayogārahasseva ca vippayogoti atthibhāvasannissayā sampayuttavippayuttatāti āha ‘‘paccuppannabhāvaṃ nissāyā’’ti. Tenevāha ‘‘avijjamānassā’’tiādi. Tañcāti uddharaṇaṃ.
“无区分者”:因无异类性故,而无区分。“未触及时间差别”:即未触及时间的特殊性。通过“于不存在者……相应不存在”,以排除法显示了存在的与存在的相应。当显示不存在性的差别已被把握时——即于已如所把握的诸法中,例如那些显示与彼不相应者之不存在性的差别,如“无色有与一蕴、十处、十六界不相应”等已被把握时——通过以“能坏”等为差别的把握,它们彼此间的异类性也已被把握,因此不相应得以成立,这是连接。然而,若差别未被把握,则通过各别的把握,即于如所说的显示不存在性等的特殊性,或异类性未被把握时,如“受、想、行蕴与三蕴、一处、七界相应”等,通过各别显示同类性的把握,由于异类性未被把握,便唯有同类性。若如此,于同类性中,此处的同类性又是什么呢?因此说“由于存在性……成为”。那个,即是同类性。如此,由于异类性不可得,而同类性可得。显示巴利原文
Vibhāgarahitehīti visabhāgatābhāvato avibhāgehi. Anāmaṭṭhakālabhedeti anāmaṭṭhakālavisese. Avijjamānassa…pe… sampayogo natthīti etena pārisesato vijjamānassa ca vijjamānena sampayogo dassito. Avijjamānatādīpake bhede gahiteti yathāgahitesu dhammesu tehi vippayogīnaṃ avijjamānabhāvadīpake tesaṃyeva visese ‘‘arūpabhavo ekena khandhena dasahāyatanehi soḷasahi dhātūhi vippayutto’’tiādinā (dhātu. 246) gahite teneva ruppanādinā bhedena tesaṃ aññamaññaṃ visabhāgatāpi gahitā evāti vippayogo hotīti yojanā. Bhede pana aggahite tena tena gahaṇenāti yathāvutte avijjamānatādīpake visese, visabhāge vā aggahite ‘‘vedanā, saññā, saṅkhārakkhandho tīhi khandhehi ekenāyatanena sattahi dhātūhi sampayutto’’tiādinā tena tena gahaṇena sabhāgatādīpanena visabhāgatāya aggahitattā sabhāgatāva hoti. Tathā ca sati sabhāgatte kā panettha sabhāgatāti āha ‘‘vijjamānatāya…pe… hotī’’ti. Tassāti sabhāgatāya. Tasmāti visabhāgatāya alabbhamānattā, sabhāgatāya ca labbhamānattā.
262 “如寻”是指如同在有寻有伺的心生起中的寻一样。因为第二禅的伺无寻,故为无寻唯伺。因此说“在另一部分心的生起中不迟钝”。正因如此,它并非主要的,而第二禅的诸法在此才是主要的,所以说“那些是主要的”。正是因此,在有寻有伺的心生起中,寻并未以无寻唯伺的方式被把握,而在这里唯以第二禅的第三组为意趣。在接下来的方法中,即在相应与不相应句的解说中,与集谛同趣、相似地转起。像这样,以此因由,那些无寻唯伺的法未被把握,如同集谛未被教说所收录。它们不与有寻有伺者同趣,这是其中的关联。因为如果它们与有寻有伺者同趣,则应说“与无寻唯伺法相应的那些法,与那些法不相应的那些法,不与任何蕴、任何处、与一界不相应”。然而,因为它们与集谛同趣——正如与集谛相应者不相应的那些,无法说其与某些的不相应;同样,对于它们也是如此。因为将说“集谛等”。第十种方法中……已说。在此,第十种方法中,与那些无寻唯伺的不相应者不相应的,以十六界说不相应;在最后的方法中,与那些不相应者的摄,以十八界说,由此显示它们不与有寻有伺者同趣。显示巴利原文
262.Vitakko viyāti savitakkasavicāresu cittuppādesu vitakko viya. So hi vitakkarahitattā avitakko vicāramatto ca. Tenāha ‘‘koṭṭhāsantaracittuppādesu alīnā’’ti. Tato eva so appadhāno, dutiyajhānadhammā evettha padhānāti āha ‘‘ye padhānā’’ti. Tenevāti savitakkasavicāresu cittuppādesu vitakkassa avitakkavicāramattaggahaṇena idha aggahitattā, vitakkattike dutiyarāsiyeva ca adhippetattā. Anantaranayeti sampayuttenavippayuttapadaniddese. Samudayasaccena samānagatikā sadisappavattikā. Itīti iminā kāraṇena. Te avitakkavicāramattā dhammā na gahitā, samudayasaccaṃ viya na desanāruḷhā. Na savitakkasavicārehi samānagatikāti yojanā. Yadi hi te savitakkasavicārehi samānagatikā siyuṃ, ‘‘avitakkavicāramattehi dhammehi ye dhammā sampayuttā, tehi dhammehi ye dhammā vippayuttā, te dhammā na kehici khandhehi, na kehici āyatanehi, ekāya dhātuyā vippayuttā’’ti vattabbā siyuṃ. Yasmā pana te samudayasaccena samānagatikā. Yathā hi ye samudayasaccena sampayuttehi vippayuttā, tesaṃ kehici vippayogaṃ vattuṃ na sakkā, evaṃ tehipi . Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘samudayasaccādīnī’’tiādi. Dasamo…pe… vuttoti ettha dasamanaye tehi avitakkavicāramattehi vippayuttehi vippayuttānaṃ soḷasahi dhātūhi vippayogo vutto, osānanaye tehi vippayuttānaṃ aṭṭhārasahi dhātūhi saṅgaho ca vuttoti tasmā na te savitakkasavicārehi samānagatikāti dasseti.
“与寻俱者”即与寻共存者。“于他们”是指在无寻唯伺者中,与寻一起,即在第二禅的诸法中,被称为“无寻唯伺”的所把握、所说的意思。“所有那些”即第二禅的诸法以及寻,所有那些法都可以说。正如在相应与不相应句的解说中说:“无寻唯伺的法与一蕴、一处、一界,与某些相应。”其中,“与一蕴”即与行蕴。因为那是集合,即被称为“无寻唯伺的法”的法集合。难道寻不也在此进入了法集,而且它与伺以外的其他法也相应?针对此问难而说:“因为不是其一部分的……成为。”通过“如同……”等,以神足的例子阐明该义。其义为:如同作为神足集合的一部分的欲神足等,与三蕴的相应已被说,但那个集合却没有;同样,在此,寻与其他法的相应,对于无寻唯伺的集合来说是没有的。显示巴利原文
Vitakkasahitesūti sahavitakkesu. Tesūti avitakkavicāramattesu saha vitakkena dutiyajjhānadhammesu, ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā’’ti gahitesu vuttesūti attho. Sabbepi teti dutiyajjhānadhammā vitakko cāti sabbepi te dhammā sakkā vattuṃ. Tathā hi sampayogavippayogapadaniddese ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā dhammā ekena khandhena ekenāyatanena ekāya dhātuyā kehici sampayuttā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha ekena khandhenāti saṅkhārakkhandhena. So hi samudāyoti ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā dhammā’’ti vuttadhammasamudāyo. Nanu vitakkopettha dhammasaṅgahaṃ gato, so ca vicārato aññenapi sampayuttoti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘na hi tadekadesassa…pe… hotī’’ti. Yathātiādinā tamevatthaṃ iddhipādanidassanena vibhāveti. Tassattho – yathā iddhipādasamudāyassa ekadesabhūtānaṃ chandiddhipādādīnaṃ tīhi khandhehi sampayogo vutto, taṃsamudāyassa na hoti, evaṃ idhāpi vitakkassa aññehi sampayogo avitakkavicāramattassa samudāyassa na hotīti.
若如此,则不应说“神足与二蕴相应”等?为显示并非不应说,而说“然而如同……”等。其中,“于他们”指于神足。“于集合”指于神足的集合。通过“神足与二蕴相应”等说法,说明了与那些受蕴等的相应性。“以此”指以此审察。通过“并非……”等,以举例说明的方式阐明:对于如实证得的诸法,以其相应性,并非不可说。有些人认为疑及与疑俱的、除痴以外的法,有些与痴相应,有些不相应。所谓“与痴”,是就与疑俱的痴本身而说。因此,以此理由,集合不与那个痴相应。也没有其他任何法具有因的性质,可令那个集合被称为“以见所断为因”。如是,以此理趣,应显示“修习……乃至……那些相应者”并非不可说。如是,如同以见所断为因的集合的相应性不可说,同样,没有任何法可令无寻……乃至……可能。因此,因为在无寻唯伺的诸法中,没有任何一法与伺不相应,所以。他们指无寻唯伺的诸法。即使于一法……乃至……所作,如同“无因的诸法、无为的诸法”。显示巴利原文
Yadi evaṃ ‘‘iddhipādo dvīhi khandhehi sampayutto’’tiādi na vattabbanti ce? No na vattabbanti dassento ‘‘yathā panā’’tiādimāha. Tattha tesūti iddhipādesu. Samudāyassāti iddhipādasamudāyassa. Tehi vedanākkhandhādīhi sampayuttatā vuttā ‘‘iddhipādo dvīhi khandhehi sampayutto’’tiādinā. Tenāti vicārena. Na hītiādinā yathādhigatadhammānaṃ sampayuttatāya navattabbābhāvaṃ udāharaṇadassanavasena vibhāveti. Keci vicikicchā taṃsahagatā ca mohavajjā mohena sampayuttā, keci asampayuttā. Mohenāti vicikicchāsahagatamohameva sandhāya vadati. Iti iminā kāraṇena na samudāyo tena mohena sampayutto. Añño koci dhammo hetubhāvo nāpi atthi, yena hetunā so dassanenapahātabbahetukoti vutto samudāyo. Evanti iminā nayena ‘‘bhāvanā…pe… yopi sampayuttā’’ti navattabbatāya nidassetabbāti attho. Evanti yathā dassanenapahātabbahetukasamudāyassa sampayuttatā na vattabbā, evaṃ yena dhammena avitakka…pe… siyā, taṃ na natthi. Tasmāti yasmā avitakkavicāramattesu kocipi vicārena asampayutto natthi, tasmā. Teti avitakkavicāramattā dhammā. Ekadhammepi…pe… kato yathā ‘‘appaccayā dhammā asaṅkhatā dhammā’’ti.
7. 第七种方法:以相应者解释不相应句显示巴利原文
7. Sattamanayo sampayuttenavippayuttapadavaṇṇanā
306 虽有三蕴及其部分等与苦集谛等相应,且色、涅槃等其他法亦与他们相应,但并非不相应。为详明略说之义,而说“并非……”等。是故,除贪俱心生起之外的其他法——即所余善、不善、无记法——于蕴等中,与任何法皆无不相应,以五蕴等已含摄他们故。他们正是心生起,即彼贪俱心生起本身。所谓“其他法”,应知为省略pi字的“对其他法也”。如是,以此归结其义:并非他们唯是十二处、十八界,而是那些诸法及其他法。显示巴利原文
306.Tehi samudayasaccādīhi khandhattayakhandhekadesādike sampayutte satipi, sampayuttehi ca vippayutte rūpanibbānādike tadaññadhamme satipi vippayogābhāvato. Saṅkhepena vuttamatthaṃ vitthārena dassetuṃ ‘‘na hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tato lobhasahagatacittuppādato aññadhammānaṃ avasiṭṭhānaṃ kusalākusalābyākatadhammānaṃ khandhādīsu kenaci vippayogo na hi atthi khandhapañcakādīnaṃ saṅgaṇhanato tesaṃ. Te eva cittuppādāti te lobhasahagatacittuppādā eva. Tadaññadhammānanti tadaññadhammānampīti pi-saddalopo daṭṭhabbo. Tathāti iminā na ca te eva dhammā aḍḍhadutiyāyatanadhātuyo, atha kho te ca tato aññe cāti imamatthaṃ upasaṃharati.
难道不正因为是“其他”,故他们与其余法的不相应即已成立?因此说“并非……”等。所谓“与其他集合”,即从彼贪俱心生起之外的其他集合中,其他贪俱法并非不相应。何以故?以集合……乃至……无不相应故。其义为:集合,即贪俱及他们余法的集合,与部分贪俱法无不相应;同样,他们作为部分而成为余之组成部分的集合,于集合亦无不相应。由此显示:集合与支分、集合的支分与彼集合并非不相应,唯支分与支分方为不相应。此理趣,即是于苦谛中所说之法,于道谛、乐根等亦同,以他们为无色蕴之一分故。所言“无余”,指无超越之寻。因寻于集合上并未被超越。由于可得“因彼集合”等前述理趣,故说“未见不取之理”。显示巴利原文
Nanu tadaññabhāvato eva tehi itaresaṃ vippayogo siddhoti āha ‘‘na cā’’tiādi. Tadaññasamudāyehīti tato lobhasahagatacittuppādato aññasamudāyehi aññe lobhasahagatā dhammā vippayuttā na honti. Kasmā? Samudāye…pe… vippayogābhāvato. Tassattho – samudāyena lobhasahagatatadaññadhammarāsinā ekadesānaṃ lobhasahagatadhammānaṃ vippayogābhāvato, tathā ye ekadesā hutvā aññesaṃ avayavānaṃ samudāyabhūtā, tesañca samudāyena vippayogābhāvatoti. Anena samudāyena avayavassa samudāyassa avayavena ca tassa na vippayogo, avayavasseva pana avayavenāti dasseti. Esa nayoti yvāyaṃ samudayasacce vutto vidhi, eseva maggasaccasukhindriyādīsu arūpakkhandhekadesattā tesanti dasseti. Niravasesesūti abahikatavitakkesu. Vitakko hi samudāyato abahikato. ‘‘So hi samudāyo’’tiādiko vuttanayo labbhatīti āha ‘‘aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ na dissatī’’ti.
于余如苦谛等中,解答应见……乃至……,以此处未取苦谛等为意趣。由相应增上而言,“以其他”一词乃指与相应相异者,故说“以不相应、不混杂为义”。今为依遮遣亦确立此义,而说“不苦不乐……乃至……已取”等。以此特相,即所说“以不相应、不混杂”之特相。以“心”标示“与心、诸法,哪些法”之问。由俱行句而有七者,即依“与心所、诸法,哪些法”等显示与心俱行法之句,而有七问。因未取三组三句,乃说为不足。针对他们,说“于三中为三”。然应了知,此为指受、喜三法中之最后者,以及寻三法中之最初者,即此三句。显示巴利原文
Aññesupi samudayasaccādīsu vissajjanassa…pe… daṭṭhabbaṃ, yato samudayasaccādi idha na gahitanti adhippāyo. Sampayuttādhikārato ‘‘aññenā’’ti padaṃ sampayuttato aññaṃ vadatīti āha ‘‘asampayuttena asammissanti attho’’ti. Idāni byatirekenapi tamatthaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ ‘‘adukkhamasukhā…pe… gahitānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Etena lakkhaṇenāti ‘‘asampayuttena asammissa’’nti vuttalakkhaṇena. Cittanti ‘‘cittehi dhammehi ye dhammā’’ti pañhaṃ upalakkheti. Sahayuttapadehi sattāti ‘‘cetasikehi dhammehi ye dhammā’’tiādinā cittena sahayutte dhamme dīpentehi padehi āgatā satta pañhā. Tiṇṇaṃ tikapadānamaggahaṇena ūnoti katvā. Ye sandhāya ‘‘tike tayo’’ti vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana vedanāpītittikesu pacchimaṃ, vitakkattike paṭhamanti padattayaṃ veditabbaṃ.
309 由所举之句所显示的诸义,依不离喻而称为“所举之句”,故说“以所举之句与相应者”。且依如前所述的所举之句。所谓“与意相应”,因此处仅是思量,故称意界为“意”,因此说“与意界绝对相应”。显示巴利原文
309. Uddhaṭapadena pakāsiyamānā atthā abhedopacārena ‘‘uddhaṭapada’’nti vuttāti āha ‘‘uddhaṭapadena sampayuttehī’’ti. Tena ca yathāvuttena uddhaṭapadena. Manena yuttāti ettha mananamattattā manodhātu ‘‘mano’’ti vuttāti āha ‘‘manodhātuyā ekantasampayuttā’’ti.
8. 第八种方法:以不相应者解释相应句显示巴利原文
8. Aṭṭhamanayo vippayuttenasampayuttapadavaṇṇanā
317 与色蕴不相应者,名为四无色蕴。它们与其他法没有相应,因为不存在那样的其他相应者。而且,整体与部分无相应,此义已说。与受蕴等不相应的是色法与涅槃,它们与任何法都不相应,因此说“与色蕴等……乃至……没有”。由此而有“与色蕴不相应的诸法”等说法。显示巴利原文
317. Rūpakkhandhena vippayuttā nāma cattāro arūpino khandhā, tesaṃ aññehi sampayogo nāma natthi tādisassa aññassa sampayogino abhāvato. Samudāyassa ca ekadesena sampayogo natthīti vuttovāyamattho. Vedanākkhandhādīhi vippayuttaṃ rūpaṃ nibbānañca, tassa kenaci sampayogo natthevāti āha ‘‘rūpakkhandhādīhi…pe… natthī’’ti. Tenāti ‘‘rūpakkhandhena ye dhammā vippayuttā’’tiādivacanena.
九、第九方法:以相应者说相应词句之解释显示巴利原文
9. Navamanayo sampayuttenasampayuttapadavaṇṇanā
319 说“这是一个复合词”之后,为说明这是何种复合词,而说“由蕴等所具有的”等语,意即“由受蕴等所具有的”。这里所说的相应,是指在这第九论法中,所说由法所生的相应。在色蕴等无诤法中的内外论母法之中——这是简别句中的处格。因为那由法所生的,被简别为与自身相应的受蕴等,即是自相应。不相应即是不结合。这将在第十论法中说到。因为在那里,说了“受等与色蕴不相应,色蕴与它们不相应”之后,针对“涅槃如何”的质问而说:“然而涅槃只是如同微细色法一样”。因为在“意处与一处、一界、某些法不相应”这句话中,如同微细色法一样,涅槃虽未以自性被举出,但通过“某些”一词已被包含,所以在这些地方,涅槃被理解为如同微细色法一样;同样地,在这里,通过“或者与色混杂者”等语,也应理解为:与包括无执受、非执取等在内的、和涅槃相混杂的法也不相应。为了显示:由于与具足四蕴的诸法共存的、其他的相应者不存在,且与过去未来的相应也绝对不存在,所以那种结合并不成立,因而说:“只是现在的……乃至……无色有等,这是意思”。而“其他”是指那些获……显示巴利原文
319. ‘‘Samāsapadaṃ ida’’nti vatvā ayaṃ nāma samāsoti dassento ‘‘yassa khandhādino’’tiādimāha, yassa vedanākkhandhādinoti attho. Yaṃ idha sampayuttaṃ vuttanti imasmiṃ navamanaye yaṃ dhammajātaṃ sampayuttanti vuttaṃ. Rūpakkhandhādīsu araṇantesu abbhantarabāhiramātikādhammesūti niddhāraṇe bhummaṃ. Tañhi dhammajātaṃ attanā sampayuttena vedanākkhandhādinā sayaṃ sampayuttanti niddhāritaṃ. Ayogoti asampayogo. Vakkhati dasamanaye. Tattha hi ‘‘rūpakkhandhena vedanādayo vippayuttā, tehi rūpakkhandho vippayutto’’ti vatvā nibbānaṃ kathanti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘nibbānaṃ pana sukhumarūpagatikamevā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Manāyatanaṃ ekenāyatanena ekāya dhātuyā kehici vippayutta’’nti ettha hi yathā sukhumarūpaṃ viya sarūpato anuddhaṭampi nibbānaṃ kehicītipadena gahitameva hotīti edisesu ṭhānesu nibbānaṃ sukhumarūpagatikanti viññāyati, evamidhāpi ‘‘rūpamissakehi vā’’ti etena anupādinnaanupādāniyādīhi nibbānamissakehipi asampayogo vutto hotīti daṭṭhabbo. Avikalacatukkhandhasaṅgāhakehi padehi sahavattino aññassa sampayogino abhāvato atītānāgatehi ca sampayogo natthevāti tassa ayujjamānataṃ dassento ‘‘vattamānānameva…pe… arūpabhavādīhīti attho’’ti āha. Itareti ye sampayogaṃ labhanti, ke pana te rūpena asammissā arūpekadesabhūtā. Tenāha ‘‘vedanākkhandhādayo’’ti.
10. 第十种方法:以不相应者解释不相应句显示巴利原文
10. Dasamanayo vippayuttenavippayuttapadavaṇṇanā
353 为了阐明这样的意义:在圣典中,有些法并未以“与不相应者不相应”的方式被收录——其中,有些是因为并不存在其他不相应的法,有些是因为与蕴等的不相应本身不可能存在——故而说“法处等法”等语。此处,“为一切心生起所摄之法性”这句,意在说明:由于具有异时等差别,无色蕴并无其他不相应的法;而“非所缘混杂性”这句,则说明所有法皆无。欲有、生有、想有、五蕴有,这是四种大有。所谓“不相应不存在”,是因为不相应不可能。因为,那些与苦谛等不相应的法,它们与苦谛等这些本身,在蕴等之中,与任何法的不相应都是不可能存在的。显示巴利原文
353. Ye vippayuttena vippayuttabhāvena pāḷiyaṃ aggahitā, tesu keci vippayuttassa dhammantarassa abhāvato keci khandhādīhi vippayogasseva asambhavatoti imamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘dhammāyatanādidhammā’’tiādimāha. Tattha sabbacittuppādagatadhammabhāvatoti iminā bhinnakālatādivisesavato arūpakkhandhassa vippayuttassa dhammantarassa abhāvamāha, anārammaṇamissakabhāvatoti iminā pana sabbassapi. Kāmabhavo upapattibhavo saññībhavo pañcavokārabhavoti ime cattāro mahābhavā. Vippayogābhāvatoti vippayogāsambhavato. Na hi ye dukkhasaccādīhi vippayuttā, tehi vippayuttānaṃ tesaṃyeva dukkhasaccādīnaṃ khandhādīsu kenaci vippayogo sambhavati.
11. 第十一种方法:以所摄者解释相应与不相应句显示巴利原文
11. Ekādasamanayo saṅgahitenasampayuttavippayuttapadavaṇṇanā
409 “它们”是指行蕴诸法。“与其余的”,是指与剩余的受蕴、想蕴、识蕴诸蕴。以“与此有结合”这句话,通过显示诸法结合的方式,令“与集谛相应的诸法”这一圣典句义的解释更加显了之后,为了解释“某些”一词的意义,而说“然而对于‘某些’……”等语。其连接是:为了显示意义而说。在此“特别地”中,应知:说明那些渴爱等所除外的诸法属于行蕴、法处、法界,这是特别之处,因此说它们被集谛以蕴等之摄而摄。自己与自己不相应,所以说“除自己之外”。因此说:“心不可说与心相应,也不可说与心不相应”。“与应相应者”这一限定语,是针对微细色与涅槃两者而作的,并非针对渴爱等。显示巴利原文
409.Teti saṅkhārakkhandhadhammā. Sesehīti avasiṭṭhehi vedanāsaññāviññāṇakkhandhehi. ‘‘Etena saha sambandho’’ti iminā padānaṃ sambandhadassanamukhena ‘‘samudayasaccena ye dhammā sampayuttā’’ti pāḷiyā atthavivaraṇaṃ pākaṭataraṃ katvā kehicītipadassatthaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘kehicīti etassa panā’’tiādimāha. Atthaṃ dassetuṃ āhāti sambandho. Visesetvāti ettha tesaṃ dhammānaṃ taṇhāvajjānaṃ saṅkhārakkhandhadhammāyatanadhammadhātupariyāpannatākittanaṃ visesanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, yato te samudayasaccena khandhādisaṅgahena saṅgahitāti vuttā. Sayaṃ attanā sampayutto na hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘attavajjehī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘cittaṃ na vattabbaṃ cittena sampayuttantipi, cittena vippayuttantipī’’ti. Sampayogārahehīti visesanaṃ sukhumarūpaṃ nibbānanti dve sandhāya kataṃ, na taṇhādike.
12. 第十二种方法:以相应者解释所摄与不所摄句显示巴利原文
12. Dvādasamanayo sampayuttenasaṅgahitāsaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
417 在第九论法中,以相应为殊胜的“相应”被举出;在第十二论法中,同样以相应为殊胜的“所摄、不摄”被举出。在两者中,都是以相应为殊胜者才被摄取,因此说:“第十二……乃至……可获得”。显示巴利原文
417. Navamanaye sampayogavisiṭṭhā sampayuttā uddhaṭā, dvādasamanaye ca sampayogavisiṭṭhā saṅgahitāsaṅgahitāti ubhayatthāpi sampayogavisiṭṭhāva gahitāti āha ‘‘dvādasama…pe… labbhantī’’ti.
13. 第十三种方法:以不所摄者解释相应与不相应句显示巴利原文
13. Terasamanayo asaṅgahitenasampayuttavippayuttapadavaṇṇanā
448 “由那些”指由色蕴、法处等。“以三种”指以蕴、处、界三种摄法。又,“由那些”指由无色有等。它们仅是粗显的处,因为即使依处摄和界摄,它们也不被含摄。“它们”指四蕴有等。“所说的其余”指色蕴、法处等所剩余者。即使有“不被摄”的情形,被它们所不摄的那些法,相应也不可能存在,因此受蕴等在此第十三论中不适用、不入于解答。是故,注疏中说:“因为依受蕴、依蕴等方式,色法与非色法不被含摄,而它们之间亦无所谓的相应。”它们并非不被摄者,因为它们是具足五蕴等的集合体。显示巴利原文
448.Yehīti rūpakkhandhadhammāyatanādīhi. Tīhipi khandhāyatanādisaṅgahehi. Puna yehīti arūpabhavādīhi. Oḷārikāyatanāneva honti āyatanadhātusaṅgahehipi asaṅgahitattā. Teti catuvokārabhavādayo. Vuttāvasesāti rūpakkhandhadhammāyatanādīhi avasiṭṭhā. Satipi asaṅgāhakatte tehi asaṅgahitānaṃ sampayogo na sambhavatīti vedanākkhandhādayo idha terasamanaye vissajjanaṃ na ruhanti nārohanti. Tenāha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘vedanākkhandhena hi khandhādivasena rūpārūpadhammā asaṅgahitā honti, tesañca sampayogo nāma natthī’’ti (dhātu. 448) asaṅgāhakā eva na honti avikalapañcakkhandhādisamudāyabhāvato.
“它们”指以“苦谛等”中的“等”字所表示的法。“非一切……乃至……可能成为”,犹如无寻无伺等法一样。它们并非没有不相应,因为以彼为缘的心生起是可能的。对于不被受蕴所摄的诸法,由于它们与非所缘相混杂,故不说“有不相应的存在”。同样,注疏说:“色法与非色法不被含摄。”由于两者皆不存在,即相应与不相应俱不存在。应知:与一切识、界、相应、彼两者诸法、非心所、心所、世间句等相关的,是依非所缘俱行等而了知的。显示巴利原文
Teti ‘‘dukkhasaccādī’’ti ādi-saddena vuttadhammā. Asabba…pe… siyuṃ avitakkāvicārādidhammā viya. Na tesaṃ vippayogo natthi tabbinimuttassa cittuppādassa sambhavato. Vedanākkhandhena asaṅgahitānaṃ anārammaṇamissakattā na ‘‘vippayogassa atthitāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā cāha ‘‘rūpārūpadhammā asaṅgahitā’’ti. Ubhayābhāvatoti sampayogavippayogābhāvato. Anārammaṇasahitasabbaviññāṇataṃdhātusampayuttatadubhayadhammā acetasikacetasikalokiyapadādīnaṃ vasena veditabbā.
第十三法门“与不摄法相应及不相应之句”的解释完毕。显示巴利原文
Terasamanayaasaṅgahitenasampayuttavippayuttapadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
第十四法门:由不相应法所摄及不摄之句的解释显示巴利原文
14. Cuddasamanayo vippayuttenasaṅgahitāsaṅgahitapadavaṇṇanā
456 因为是纯粹的法自性,即因为是自性法、纯然的法、仅仅是种种不同的状态。显示巴利原文
456.Dhammasabhāvamattattāti sabhāvadhammānaṃ dhammamattattā avatthāvisesamattattā.
以此而断除,故为‘断除’。这是摄等思择的究竟,即第十四理趣,因此说‘在最后之理趣中’。与应解答之法相离的问,称为‘无义问’;它虽如此,却能显示应解答之法的不存在,故说‘因其问无义,所以他们不可得’。此有‘无义问’者,即有无义之问。第八理趣在此,因为一切问皆无义。而与此第八理趣一起,即在此终结理趣与第八理趣中,这些法处等一切种类都不可得。‘亦因无离’——于此说出了原因。显示巴利原文
Samucchijjati etenāti samucchedo. Saṅgahādivicārapariniṭṭhānabhūto cuddasamanayo. Tenāha ‘‘pariyosāne naye’’ti. Vissajjetabbadhammavivittā pucchā moghapucchā, sā tathābhūtāpi vissajjetabbadhammābhāvassa ñāpikā hotīti āha ‘‘tesaṃ pucchāya moghattā te na labbhantī’’ti. Moghā pucchā etassāti moghapucchako. Aṭṭhamo nayo tattha sabbapucchānaṃ moghattā . Tena ca sahāti tena aṭṭhamanayena saddhiṃ imasmiṃ osānanaye aṭṭhamanaye ca osānanaye ca ete dhammāyatanādayo sabbappakārena na labbhanti. Vippayogassapi abhāvāti tattha kāraṇamāha.