4. 注疏章
4. Aṭṭhakathākaṇḍaṃ
三法义摄释义
Tikaatthuddhāravaṇṇanā
1384“理趣门”者:“理趣”,谓由此而被导引、能导引,或众生由此被导引,故名理趣;“门”,谓由此而进行;理趣本身,或理趣之门,即为“理趣门”。又,进行本身即是门。以首句中的“等”字,摄阿毗达摩分别等之摄与不摄、单一等类之纯粹现证等,以及母论、子论等五部论典中之理趣门。至于“顺等”,则指逆、顺、逆顺、顺逆诸方式,以及一本等诸方式。“于他们义已抉择”者,谓于此注疏章,依心之生起门,由地界差别之特定关联,对一切论母诸句之义,已作梗概之确立。
1384.Nayagamananti nīyati, neti, nīyanti vā etenāti nayo, gammati etenāti gamanaṃ, nayova, nayassa vā gamanaṃ nayagamanaṃ. Gati eva vā gamanaṃ. Paṭhamena ādi-saddena abhidhammabhājanīyādisaṅgahāsaṅgahādiekakādisuddhikasacchi kaṭṭhādimūlamūlādikā pañcapakaraṇikā nayagati saṅgayhati. Anulomādīti pana paccanīyaanulomapaccanīyapaccanīyānulomapakārā ekamūlādippakārā ca. Ettha atthesu nicchitesūti etasmiṃ aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe cittuppādavasena bhūmantaravisesayogato sabbesaṃ mātikāpadānaṃ atthesu saṅkhepato vavatthāpitesu.
“问义之摘要”等中,以“善法缘善法,由因缘而生起耶?”等为始,以善句为首,善、不善、无记终者为三种善等类,善、无记、不善、无记、善、不善终者为三种,善、不善、无记终者为一种,如是善等类有七问;同样,不善等类、无记等类、善无记等类、不善无记等类、善不善等类、善不善无记等类,依七种七类,于法顺中,依善三法,于因缘成四十九问;于其余诸缘、其余三法、法逆等中亦然。由此而言“以四十九、以四十九”。以“缘因法,因法由因缘而生起耶?”等为始,“缘因,因;缘因,非因;缘因,因与非因。缘非因,非因;缘非因,因;缘非因,因与非因。缘因与非因,因;缘因与非因,非因;缘因与非因,因与非因”,于每一对中,于每一因缘等缘中,各有九问。由此而言“于九问、于九问中”。
Pañhuddhārantiādīsu ‘‘siyā kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā’’tiādinā (paṭṭhā. 1.1.25) kusalapadaṃ ādiṃ katvā kusalākusalābyākatantā tisso kusalādikā, kusalābyākataakusalābyākatakusalākusalantā tisso, kusalākusalābyākatantā ekāti kusalādikā satta pucchā, tathā akusalādikā, abyākatādikā, kusalābyākatādikā, akusalābyākatādikā, kusalākusalādikā, kusalākusalābyākatādikāti sattannaṃ sattakānaṃ vasena dhammānulome kusalattikaṃ nissāya hetupaccaye ekūnapaññāsa pucchā, tathā sesapaccayesu sesatikesu dhammapaccanīyādīsu ca. Taṃ sandhāya ‘‘ekūnapaññāsāya ekūnapaññāsāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Siyā hetuṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca hetudhammo uppajjeyya hetupaccayā’’tiādinā (paṭṭhā. 3.1.1) ‘‘hetuṃ paṭicca hetu, hetuṃ paṭicca nahetu, hetuṃ paṭicca hetu ca nahetu ca. Nahetuṃ paṭicca nahetu, nahetuṃ paṭicca hetu, nahetuṃ paṭicca hetu ca nahetu ca. Hetuñca nahetuñca paṭicca hetu, hetuñca nahetuñca paṭicca nahetu, hetuñca nahetuñca paṭicca hetu ca nahetu cā’’ti ekekasmiṃ duke hetupaccayādīsu ekamekasmiṃ paccaye nava nava pucchā honti. Tā sandhāya ‘‘navasu navasu pañhesū’’ti vuttaṃ.
“可得者”者:于善三法中,于缘起分因缘中,从“缘善法,善法由因缘生起;缘善之一蕴,三蕴”等开始,善依善、善依无记、善依善无记、不善依不善、不善依无记、不善依不善无记、无记依无记、善无记依无记、不善无记依无记,如此于九种九问中,依义理可能的问题,以解答方式摘要而说;同样,于其余缘分、三法等中亦然。“即于他们中”者:即于前述那些问题中,依义理可能,将已分别的问答以“因有九”等安立计数。“于散法”者:如于前二章中,从“于何时欲界善心生起”等开始,将触等诸法如散花般分散而说。不作特别说明即是通名说明,意指已了知法义之人。
Labbhamānassāti kusalattike tāva paṭiccavāre hetupaccaye ‘‘kusalaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca kusalo dhammo uppajjati hetupaccayā, kusalaṃ ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca tayo khandhā’’tiādinā (paṭṭhā. 1.1.53) kusalena kusalaṃ, kusalena abyākataṃ, kusalena kusalābyākataṃ, akusalena akusalaṃ, akusalena abyākataṃ, akusalena akusalābyākataṃ, abyākatena abyākataṃ, kusalābyākatena abyākataṃ, akusalābyākatena abyākatanti navannaṃ navannaṃ pañhānaṃ atthato sambhavantassa pañhassa vissajjanavasena uddharaṇaṃ, tathā sesapaccayavārattikādīsu. Tesuyevāti yathāvuttesu eva pañhesu atthasambhavato yathāvibhattānaṃ pañhavissajjanānaṃ ‘‘hetuyā navā’’tiādinā gaṇanāṭhapanaṃ. Pasaṭe dhammeti yathā heṭṭhā kaṇḍadvaye ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ citta’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 1) vippakiṇṇe muttapupphe viya phassādayo dhamme. Avisiṭṭhaniddeso sāmaññaniddeso. Viññātadhammassa puggalassāti adhippāyo.
若在“心生起”与“色”篇章中,已依四地心生起等方式,开始为已了知法义者教授义理的摘要,既然如此,此处为何又说善三法的说明?答曰:“虽善三法之广说”等。“为法之差别状态”者:显示“法”字的主要地位。由此,其所应问者便成为应问。“已了知者”者:关联于说地的差别相。“此处为主要”者:在摘要中,“善”字本来应当用来差别诸法,但在“于四地中善”这一说明中,由于应当以地来差别,所以“善”字成为主要;由于没有以差别状态来说明的意欲,虽然有如欲界等、触等差别等所应差别的法,但不顾这些,唯取那无过失、乐异熟性,名为自善的行相而转起,因此说“唯取一性而转起”。一切善法确实因为无过失、乐异熟性而同一自性。
Yadi cittuppādarūpakaṇḍesu catubhūmicittuppādādivasena viññātadhammassa atthuddhāradesanā āraddhā, evaṃ sante idha kasmā kusalattikaniddeso vuttoti āha ‘‘yadipi kusalattikavitthāro’’tiādi. Dhammavisesanabhāvatoti ‘‘dhammā’’ti padassa padhānabhāvaṃ dasseti. Ato hi tadabhidheyyā pucchitabbā jātā. Viññātāhīti bhūmīnaṃ visesanalakkhaṇayogamāha. Ettha padhānanti kiñcāpi uddese kusalapadena dhammā visesitabbā, ‘‘catūsu bhūmīsu kusala’’nti imasmiṃ pana niddese bhūmīhi visesitabbattā kusalapadaṃ padhānanti visesanabhāvena vacanicchāya abhāvato satipi visesitabbadhammānaṃ kāmāvacarādiphassādibhede tadanapekkhaṃ anavajjasukhavipākatāsaṅkhātaṃ attano kusalākārameva gahetvā pavattamānattā ‘‘ekattameva upādāya pavattatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Sabbepi hi kusalā dhammā anavajjasukhavipākatāya ekasabhāvāyevāti.
1385“应如理配合”者:以四地为依处而作差别,不顾及时分、触等的差别,以异熟性将其统一,说为“于四地中异熟”,应当如此配合。在“于三地中唯作无记”等情况中,道理也是如此。
1385.Yathāyogaṃ yojetabbanti catūhi bhūmīhi ādhārabhūtāhi visesetvā samayaphassādibhedaṃ anāmasitvā vipākabhāvena ekattaṃ netvā ‘‘catūsu bhūmīsu vipāko’’ti vuttanti yojetabbaṃ. Esa nayo ‘‘tīsu bhūmīsu kiriyābyākata’’ntiādīsupi.
“生起”于此中,即是生起,也就是心所。因为于一切时,它们都是心的依止等缘,且在此以生起故,被期待为依止状态。又如心所是心的依止,心亦由于对心所为依止等缘,故应被称为依止状态;如此,便不违前文所说“生起”一词之所指。这就是所说:“心生起”中,虽心以差别状态而转起,但因自身具有如前所述生起之义的道理,故不舍应差别之状态,而成为彼之差别状态。因此说“以部分由整体表征之道理”。由于与心同趣者,在此应被心所摄而统摄,故以“二种五识”为例将说,而说“心……已摄”。在彼处,“其他”即指色。
Uppajjatietthāti uppādo, cetasikā. Te hi cittassa sabbathāpi nissayādipaccayabhāvato ettha ca uppattiyā ādhārabhāvena apekkhitā. Yathā ca cetasikā cittassa, evaṃ cittampi cetasikānaṃ nissayādipaccayabhāvato ādhārabhāvena vattabbataṃ arahatīti yathāvuttaṃ uppādasaddābhidheyyataṃ na vinivattati. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘cittuppādo’’ti ettha uppādassa visesanabhāvena pavattamānampi cittaṃ attani yathāvuttauppādaatthasambhavato apariccattavisesitabbabhāvameva hutvā tassa visesanabhāvaṃ paṭipajjatīti. Yadāha ‘‘avayavena samudāyopalakkhaṇavasena attho sambhavatī’’ti. Cittasamānagatikassa idha cittaggahaṇena gahetabbatāya ‘‘dvepañcaviññāṇānī’’ti nidassanena vakkhamānattā ‘‘citta…pe… gahaṇaṃ kata’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha aññassāti rūpassa.
1420在五门中,实在没有什么可说的,因为五门心绝对以有限所缘为境。说“体验可意不可意所缘”,是就异熟而言,指它没有对所缘的分别执取。意思是:依业而转起的异熟,因为属于有限业的异熟,只适合以有限所缘而转起,而不能以广大、无量所缘为境。即使是以定为主的某业,若未达安止,也必定没有类似的异熟性,因此以“未达安止”来限定此业。不取色相特征等,只是随顺世间名言而执取地等,由于是由遍作想所引生的,其境属于似相所摄的“随想转境”。同样地,由于以定为主及未达安止,与随想转境性,故无差别。“彼亦”中的“亦”字是总括之义。由此显示:“如同自业以同地法为所缘,此异熟也以彼所缘为所缘,因此异熟确实随顺于业。”
1420.Pañcadvāre vattabbameva natthi ekantaparittārammaṇattā pañcadvārikacittānaṃ. Iṭṭhāniṭṭhārammaṇānubhavananti vipākassa pakappetvā ārammaṇaggahaṇābhāvamāha. Tato kammānurūpaṃ pavattamāno vipāko parittakammavipākatāya parittārammaṇeyeva pavattitumarahati, na mahaggatappamāṇārammaṇeti adhippāyo. Samādhippadhānassapi kassaci kammassa appanāappattassa ekantena sadisavipākatāabhāvato ‘‘appanāppattassā’’ti kammaṃ visesitaṃ. Vaṇṇalakkhaṇādiṃ aggahetvā lokasaññānurodheneva gahite pathavādike parikammasaññāya samuppāditattā paṭibhāganimittasaṅkhātaṃ saññāvasaṃ ārammaṇaṃ assāti saññāvasārammaṇaṃ. Tādisenevāti samādhippadhānatāya appanāppattīhi viya saññāvasārammaṇatāya ca nibbiseseneva. Sopīti pi-saddo sampiṇḍanattho. Tenetaṃ dasseti ‘‘attano kammassa samānabhūmikadhammārammaṇatāya viya tassa ārammaṇārammaṇatāyapi vipāko kammānurūpoyeva nāma hotī’’ti.
如果这样,那么为何以广大、无量所缘为境的有限业,其异熟不以彼所缘为所缘呢?因为就像未达安止业的异熟,它以业所缘为所缘并非决定,而且由于随顺于业,而有多种形式。譬如与自己业相似的广大速行,即使以有限所缘为境,彼所缘也不会紧随,因为缺乏熟悉;同样地,即使是在自己业的相上,如果广大、无量所缘未被它的俱生因等所遍取,由于缺乏熟悉,有限异熟便不会转起;然而,若生起以业相为所缘者,则唯以有限者为其所缘。故说“为结生等之本”等。“然而因为……”等,是以圣典本身确定如上所说之义。因为此处所指的,是异刹那的业缘,由于缘与缘所生法的所缘不同而说。“而非……”等,显示此处唯说有限异熟为缘所生法。“此处”即指此释义品中。
Yadi evaṃ kasmā mahaggatappamāṇārammaṇassa parittakammassa vipāko tadārammaṇārammaṇo na hotīti? Appanāppattakammavipākassa viya tassa kammārammaṇārammaṇatāya niyamābhāvato kammānurūpatāya ca anekarūpattā. Yathā attano kammasadisassa mahaggatajavanassa parittārammaṇassapi tadārammaṇaṃ nānubandhakaṃ paricayābhāvato, evaṃ attano kammassa nimittabhūtepi tassa sahakārīkāraṇāhi apariyādinne mahaggatappamāṇe ārammaṇe paricayābhāvato parittavipāko na pavattati, kammanimittārammaṇo pana jāyamāno paritteneva tena hotīti āha ‘‘paṭisandhiādibhūto’’tiādi. Yasmā panātiādinā pāḷiyāva yathāvuttamatthaṃ nicchinoti. Nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayo hi ettha adhippeto paccayapaccayuppannānaṃ bhinnārammaṇatāya vuttattā. Na cātiādinā parittavipākā eva idha paccayuppannabhāvena vuttāti dasseti. Idhāti imasmiṃ atthuddhārakaṇḍe.
为说明念已圆满者仍可能生起缺乏念的身业,故说“由习气之力”。未离欲者即使对有限所缘,有时心也会浮动,因此简别为“离烦恼”而说。“唯由作意之力”中的“唯”字,意在遮除差别,显示唯应遮除的差别,而非其他。“懈怠等”的“等”字,含摄嗔等。应知:作意即是无有热恼,作意者并非具无热恼而作,亦非不作意。然而有说:“漏尽者由于身不堪任及心转向他处,而有不殷重的施等转起,并非出于不尊重。”
Sativepullappattānaṃ sativirahitassa kāyakammassa sambhavaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘vāsanāvasenā’’ti vuttaṃ. Avītarāgānaṃ aparittepi katthaci ārammaṇe siyā cetaso uppilāvitattanti ‘‘kilesavirahe’’ti visesetvā vuttaṃ. Ādarākaraṇavasenevāti ādarākaraṇamattavasenevāti visesanivattiattho eva-saddo tameva nivattetabbaṃ visesaṃ dasseti, nāññathā. Kosajjādīti ādi-saddena dosādayo saṅgaṇhāti. Ādarākaraṇaṃ nirussukkatā evāti ādaraṃ karontā nirussukkabhāveneva na honti, na pana ādaraṃ na karontiyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ekacce pana ‘‘akammaññasarīratāya aññavihitatāya ca khīṇāsavānaṃ asakkaccadānādipavatti na anādaravasenā’’ti vadanti.
1421“极善习者”意为已善修习、极善自在者。意思是:即使于如此善巧的禅那中,仍有转起,因为其中审察的努力微弱。“前已显示”即如前所说“三相是我或我所等”已显示。诸师说:“不存在的,因非真实有;存在的,由世间共许成就,为世俗谛有,故义为心所识知。”由于以彼为境的心生起时,其境不可说,故依别句义复合,称为“不可说所缘”。然而此说似为实有论,认为彼毕竟不存在。为显示与此不同的“不存在施设”,故说“然而于世俗谛……”等。问:若彼毕竟不存在,如何有以彼为境的诸法转起及不可说所缘性?答:“虽不存在……”等。说“非有限等所缘”,即遮止其如有限等那样有各别安立之体。
1421.Atipaguṇānanti subhāvitānaṃ suṭṭhutaraṃ vasippattānaṃ. Evaṃ paguṇajjhānesupi pavatti hoti tattha vicāraṇussāhassa mandabhāvatoti adhippāyo. Pubbe dassitanti ‘‘tīṇi lakkhaṇānīti ahanti vā’’tiādinā pubbe dassitaṃ. ‘‘Avijjamāno aparamatthabhāvato, vijjamāno ca lokasaṅketasiddhiyā sammutisaccabhāvato attho arīyati cittena gammati ñāyatī’’ti ācariyā vadanti. Yato tabbisayā cittuppādā navattabbaṃ ārammaṇaṃ etesanti navattabbārammaṇāti aññapadatthasamāsavasena vuccanti. Ayaṃ pana vādo hevatthikavādo viya hotīti tassa accantaṃ avijjamānataṃ maññanto ito ca aññathā avijjamānapaññattiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sammutisacce panā’’tiādimāha. Kathaṃ pana tassa accantamavijjamānatte tabbisayānaṃ dhammānaṃ pavatti navattabbārammaṇabhāvo cāti āha ‘‘avijjamānampī’’tiādi. Parittādiārammaṇāti na vattabbāti vuttāti parittādayo viya tassa visuṃ vavatthitabhāvaṃ nisedheti.
散乱指心在种种所缘上转起。不安住指不能于一处安住转起。第二道等的前分、果等至的前分,以及欲界智,由于以涅槃为所缘,且为出世间心的引发定者,故与第一道的前分智相等,因此说“于种姓清净中,取种姓”等。
Vikkhipanaṃ nānārammaṇesu cittassa pavattanaṃ. Anavaṭṭhānaṃ ekasmiṃyeva pavattituṃ appadānaṃ. Dutiyādimaggapurecārikaṃ phalasamāpattipurecārikañca kāmāvacarañāṇaṃ nibbānārammaṇatāya lokuttaracittassa āvajjanaṭṭhāniyatāya ca paṭhamamaggapurecārikañāṇena samānanti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘gotrabhuvodāne gotrabhūti gahetvā’’ti.
“一切处足处”指应成就者,或就作用处依处格而说,如“于心未寂静”等。意即于一切毗婆舍那等应成就者中。因此说“一切”等。应知:宿命智属欲界,故于神变等中不取其例。然有说:其境从过去七日以下,直至现在结生之间。即使是在过去七日中,与蕴相关者,似乎也理应为其境。
Sabbatthapādakanti nipphādetabbe, payojane vā bhummaṃ ‘‘cetaso avūpasame’’tiādīsu viya. Tena sabbesu vipassanādīsu nipphādetabbesūti attho. Tenevāha ‘‘sabbesū’’tiādi. Atītaṃsañāṇassa kāmāvacarattā iddhividhādīsu tassa aggahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tassa pana atītasattadivasato heṭṭhā yāva paccuppannapaṭisandhi, tāva visayoti vadanti. Atītasattadivasesupi khandhapaṭibaddhānaṃ tassa visayabhāvo yutto viya dissati.
所谓“以基础禅那心,由预备行而把握”:入基础禅那后出定,作意“愿此身如心一般速行”,以此前分预备行,表明基础禅那心亦应如色身一般被把握。应知此决意如下进行:即以欲往所愿之处为先导,入基础禅那后出定,作意“愿此身如心一般速行”。随后以业生身为所缘作预备行,落入有分;出有分后再入基础禅那,再次落入有分时,意门转向以业生身为所缘生起,随顺智亦生起。之后,决意心亦同以彼为所缘生起。由其威力,便如所愿到达该处。然以此不可见之身而行时,是在决意心的生时、住时,还是灭时而行?诸师共许:于三时中皆行。“心”指基础禅那心。“融入”意为令身随顺于心,速行如心。正如心之于所愿刹那,纵对极远之境亦能转起,同样,亦使色身获得轻快转变,此即是依心而转变身。于此不应说“因色法转变迟缓,故不能于一心中生至他处”,以决意心已令色身获得轻快转变故。故说:“依于心而决意身已,入于乐想与轻想,以不可见之身而往梵天界。”以具神通者之神变境界,实为不可思议故。
Pādakajjhānacittaṃ parikammehi gahetvāti pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ cittaṃ viya ayaṃ kāyo sīghagamano hotū’’ti pubbabhāgaparikammehi rūpakāyassa viya pādakajjhānacittassapi gahetabbataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Idaṃ pana adhiṭṭhānaṃ evaṃ pavattatīti veditabbaṃ. Adhippetaṭṭhānapāpuṇanatthaṃ gantukāmataṃ purakkhatvā pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘idaṃ cittaṃ viya ayaṃ kāyo sīghagamano hotū’’ti karajakāyārammaṇaṃ parikammaṃ katvā bhavaṅgaṃ otaritvā vuṭṭhāya pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā puna bhavaṅge otiṇṇe manodvārāvajjanaṃ rūpakāyaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati anulomāni ca. Tato adhiṭṭhānacittampi tamevārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati. Tassānubhāvena yathādhippetaṭṭhānaṃ gatoyeva hoti. Evaṃ adissamānena kāyena gacchanto panāyaṃ kiṃ tassa adhiṭṭhānacittassa uppādakkhaṇe gacchati, udāhu ṭhitikkhaṇe bhaṅgakkhaṇe vāti? Tīsu khaṇesu gacchatīti icchanti. Citteti pādakajjhānacitte. Samodahatīti cittānugatikaṃ cittaṃ viya sīghagamanaṃ karotīti attho. Yathā hi cittaṃ icchitakkhaṇe atidūrepi visayaṃ ārabbha pavattati, evaṃ rūpakāyassapi lahuparivattibhāvāpādanaṃ cittavasena kāyapariṇāmanaṃ. Na cettha rūpadhammānaṃ dandhaparivattibhāvato ekacittakkhaṇena desantaruppatti na yujjatīti vattabbā adhiṭṭhānacittena rūpakāyassa lahuparivattibhāvassa āpāditattā. Tenevāha ‘‘cittavasena kāyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā adissamānena kāyena brahmalokaṃ gacchatī’’ti (visuddhi. 2.397). Acinteyyo hi iddhimantānaṃ iddhivisayoti.
所谓“将心相续融入色身”:因以可见身到达所欲之处所需的心相续系列,其行迟缓,故将此决意的相应功能赋予业生身。修此亦是:入基础禅那后出定,作意“愿此心如身一般成为缓行者”,即以出定后的禅那心为所缘作预备行,落入有分;出有分后再入基础禅那,再次落入有分时,意门转向以基础禅那心为所缘生起,随顺智亦生起。之后,决意心亦同以彼为所缘生起。藉其威力,纵使途中生起五识等,亦不坠落而达所欲之处。如此而行时,若他愿意,便依地遍于空中化作道路,以足步行;若他愿意,便依风遍决意风大,如棉絮般随风而行。于此,唯以欲往之想为准则。因欲往之想生时,如此作决意者即被决意之速力抛送,如射手所放之箭,以可见身而行。其中,于空中化作道路而行者,纵无神通智,亦如行于自然地上。故说“以足步行”。决意风大而行者,依神通智等起之风大相续而行。据说,于此二种行中,皆能于途中观赏山林美景等,并听闻入耳之声而行。然有一类师说:“以不可见身于一心中到达所欲之处,以可见身依足行或风行者,乃由神通心等起。”
Cittasantānaṃrūpakāye samodahitanti yattakehi cittehi dissamānena kāyena yathādhippetaṭṭhānappatti, tattakānaṃ cittānaṃ pabandhassa dandhagamanakaraṇato imassa adhiṭṭhānassa karajakāye āropitaṃ tadanuguṇanti attho. Idampi adhiṭṭhānapādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ayaṃ kāyo viya idaṃ cittaṃ dandhagamanaṃ hotū’’ti samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhitajjhānacittārammaṇaṃ parikammaṃ katvā bhavaṅgaṃ otaritvā bhavaṅgato vuṭṭhāya pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā puna bhavaṅge otiṇṇe manodvārāvajjanaṃ pādakajjhānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati anulomāni ca. Tato adhiṭṭhānacittampi tamevārammaṇaṃ katvā uppajjati. Tassānubhāvena antarā pañcaviññāṇādīsu uppannesupi apatanto icchitaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ gacchanto ca sace icchati, pathavīkasiṇavasena ākāse maggaṃ nimminitvā padasā gacchati. Sace icchati, vāyokasiṇavasena vāyuṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā tūlapicu viya vāyunā gacchati. Apica gantukāmatāva ettha pamāṇaṃ. Sati hi gantukāmatāya evaṃ katādhiṭṭhāno adhiṭṭhānavegakkhittoveso issāsapakkhitto saro viya dissamāno gacchatīti. Tattha ākāse maggaṃ nimminitvā gacchanto vināpi abhiññāñāṇena pakatipathaviyaṃ viya gacchati. Teneva ‘‘padasā gacchatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Vāyuṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā gacchanto abhiññāñāṇasamuṭṭhitavāyodhātuparamparāya gacchati. Ubhayatthāpi antarā vanarāmaṇīyakādīni pekkhamāno āpāthagate sadde ca suṇamāno gacchatīti vadanti. Keci pana ‘‘adissamānena kāyena ekacittakkhaṇeneva icchitaṭṭhānagamane dissamānena kāyena padasā vāyunā ca gamane abhiññācittasamuṭṭhitakāyaviññattivipphārena gamana’’nti vadanti. Apare ‘‘abhiññācittassa viññattinibbattanakiccaṃ natthī’’ti vadanti.
“二种决意”,即依于心与身而转变身心的,以及以色身和依于色身的禅那心为所缘的两种决意。“与其相应”意为与所说的二种决意相应。“由于有乐想与轻想”,是因为有乐想与轻想,而进入那种状态。此处的“乐想”,是与舍相应的想,因为舍被称为“寂静之乐”。而这种想,由于从盖障以及寻等敌对法中解脱,也应知为“轻想”。当进入这些想时,色身亦变得如同棉絮般极为轻快。他便以这如同被风吹送的棉絮般极轻之身,于一心间以不可见之身,随心所欲而行。
Adhiṭṭhānadvayanti cittakāyavasena kāyacittapariṇāmanabhūtaṃ rūpakāyapādakajjhānacittārammaṇaṃ ubhayaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Taṃsampayuttāyāti yathāvuttaadhiṭṭhānadvayasampayuttāya. Sukhasaññālahusaññābhāvatoti sukhasaññālahusaññāsabbhāvato, tabbhāvaṃ āpajjanatoti attho. Sukhasaññāti cettha upekkhāsampayuttā saññā. Upekkhā hi ‘‘santaṃ sukha’’nti vuttā. Sāyeva ca saññā nīvaraṇehi ceva vitakkādīhi paccanīkehi ca vimuttattā ‘‘lahusaññā’’tipi veditabbā. Tāhi samokkantāhi rūpakāyopi tūlapicu viya sallahuko hoti. So evaṃ vātakkhittatūlapicunā viya sallahukena ekacittakkhaṇena adissamānena ca kāyena yathāruci gacchatīti.
世尊心中思惟:“我已从那无益的苦行中解脱,善哉!我已证得正等觉。”魔罗了知他的心思,便说:“我要让他成为未解脱者。”
‘‘Mutto vatamhi tāya anatthasaṃhitāya dukkarakārikāya, sādhu vatamhi sammāsambodhiṃ sambujjha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.137) pavattaṃ bhagavato cetoparivitakkamaññāya māro ‘‘amuttabhāvamassa karissāmī’’ti,
离开苦行,那些年轻人并不因此清净;
你并不清净,却自以为清净,已偏离清净之道。
‘‘Tapokammā apakkamma, yaṃ na sujjhanti māṇavā; Asuddho maññasi suddho, suddhimaggā aparaddho’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.137) –
这是就“食”等词而言的,由此宣说了“魔王等亦为世尊的心智所知”。所谓“涅槃的观照与宿住随念智……于涅槃……乃至……于已知法中转起”,便是其关联所在。所谓“于涅槃……乃至……于已知法中”,是考虑到:观照虽在神通智之外转起,但如同在神通智的所缘中一样,它有时也能在神通智的所缘中转起,故如此说。“无量所缘”意为“以无量蕴为所缘”。所谓“故”,是因为没有任何文句能说明宿住随念智以涅槃为所缘,因此说它为有限所缘。所谓“在作观照之用时被说”,意思是:不取惯用语,而是将过去对道等的逐一观照、随念、观察,称为“观照”;也就是宿住随念智的作用本身被称作“观照”。所谓“被允许”,即“被看见”,这是就“观照道、果、涅槃”来说的。此处之意为:以宿住随念智看见以涅槃为所缘的蕴后,心中作意“这些法依何而转起?”的时候,宿住随念智便以涅槃为所缘而转起。对未来分智来说,道理亦同。
Āhāti evamādiṃ sandhāya ‘‘mārādīnampi bhagavato cittajānanaṃ vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Nibbānapaccavekkhaṇañca pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena nibbānā…pe… ñātesu pavattatīti sambandho. Nibbānā…pe… ñātesūti idaṃ abhiññāñāṇassa parato pavattamānaṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ abhiññāñāṇassa visaye viya abhiññāñāṇavisayavisayepi kadāci pavattituṃ arahatīti katvā vuttaṃ. Appamāṇārammaṇatanti appamāṇakhandhārammaṇatanti attho. Tasmāti yasmā pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa nibbānārammaṇabhāvadīpako koci pāṭho natthi, tasmā. Paccavekkhaṇakicce vuccamāneti ruḷhiṃ aggahetvā maggādīnaṃ atītānaṃ pati pati avekkhanaṃ anussaraṇaṃ paccavekkhaṇanti pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa kiccaṃyeva paccavekkhaṇanti vuccamāneti attho. Anuññātāti dissatīti ‘‘maggaphalanibbānapaccavekkhaṇato’’ti idameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Ayañhettha attho – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena nibbānārammaṇe khandhe disvā ‘‘ime dhammā kiṃ nu kho ārabbha pavattā’’ti āvajjentassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ nibbānārammaṇe pavattatīti. Anāgataṃsañāṇepi eseva nayo.
如果这样,为什么在“有限分”中(《发趣论》2.12.58)说“无量法是广大法的所缘缘”,在“内分”中说“无量蕴是他心智、宿住随念智、未来分智的所缘缘”,并且在这些分别中(《发趣论》2.20.29)只提到“外蕴是神变智、他心智、宿住随念智、随业趣智、未来分智、转向的所缘缘”,却没有说到涅槃呢?假如说“因为它与心智、神变等智一起被宣说”,那么也应该分别解说。难道不应当分别解说的法,会与别的法一同宣说吗?不,不会,因为没有另外宣说。因为对凡夫的宿住随念智与未来分智而言,涅槃确实不是它们的所缘。然而对于圣者,在观照道与果时,已亲证的涅槃无需再由这些智来现观。由于神变智等是凡圣共通的,所以并未提及涅槃。论中只说已生起之蕴的了知,而未曾说未生起之蕴的了知。因为随业趣智的作用正是如此。义理得以成立——这也是针对未来分智不以涅槃为所缘而说的。
Yadi evaṃ kasmā parittattike ‘‘appamāṇo dhammo mahaggatassa dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.12.58) ettha ‘‘appamāṇā khandhā cetopariyañāṇassa pubbenivāsaanāgataṃsañāṇassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti ajjhattattike ca ‘‘bahiddhādhammo bahiddhādhammassa, bahiddhādhammo ajjhattassa dhammassa ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti etesaṃ vibhaṅgesu ‘‘bahiddhā khandhā iddhividhañāṇassa cetopariyapubbenivāsayathākammūpagaanāgataṃsaāvajjanāya ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.20.29) ettakameva vuttaṃ, na vuttaṃ nibbānanti. Cetopariyaiddhividhādiñāṇehi saha vuttattāti ce, evampi visuṃ vibhajitabbaṃ siyā. Na hi visuṃ vibhajanārahaṃ saha vibhajatīti? Na, avacanassa aññakāraṇattā. Yāni hi puthujjanānaṃ pubbenivāsaanāgataṃsañāṇāni, tesaṃ avisayo eva nibbānaṃ. Ariyānaṃ pana maggaphalapaccavekkhaṇehi sacchikatanibbānānaṃ imehi ñāṇehi paccakkhakaraṇe payojanaṃ natthīti sādhāraṇena iddhividhañāṇādīnaṃ gahitattā nibbānaṃ na vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Nibbattakkhandhajānanamāha, na nibbattakakkhandhajānanaṃ. Yathākammūpagañāṇakiccañhi tanti. Attho sambhavatīti idaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇassapi anibbānārammaṇataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
1429在“道所缘”分中,由于心生品所阐述的诸心识中,绝无一种纯粹唯以道为所缘,而以道为所缘的那些法,有时则以道为增上,因此仅提出“哪些法以道为所缘”一个问题,依可纳入三种范畴的方式而作分别解说。依此理趣,在其他类似之处也应如此了知义理。为表明“心生”与“道所缘”所述之法自身并不具备道因,故说“非俱生”,此即指因,意为“非相应”。因此才说“因为无色法”等。由于并未执取“唯在缘取其他法时”这一限定,故不重视它;即便在缘取道时,也不应以道增上性来宣说——此义在注释书中亦已涵盖,应作如是观。因为说“重视而观照时”,所以不重视的情况下,观照时也是存在的。那时,那些法更不应以道增上性来宣说——此义更为成立。
1429. Maggārammaṇattike yasmā cittuppādakaṇḍe bodhitesu cittuppādesu ekantato maggārammaṇāyeva keci natthi, maggārammaṇāyeva pana kadāci maggādhipatino honti, tasmā ‘‘katame dhammā maggārammaṇā’’ti ekameva pucchaṃ katvā tayopi koṭṭhāsā labbhamānavasena vibhattā. Iminā nayena paratopi evarūpesu ṭhānesu attho veditabbo. ‘‘Cittuppādā’’ti, ‘‘maggārammaṇā’’ti ca vuttadhammānaṃyeva maggahetukattābhāvaṃ sādhetuṃ ‘‘asahajātattā’’ti idaṃ hetuvacananti ‘‘asampayuttattāti attho’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘na hi arūpadhammāna’’ntiādi. ‘‘Aññadhammārammaṇakāle evā’’ti avadhāraṇassa aggahitattā garuṃ akatvā maggārammaṇakālepi maggādhipatibhāvena na vattabbāti ayampi attho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pariggahitoyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Garuṃ katvā paccavekkhaṇakāle’’ti hi vuttattā garuṃ akatvā paccavekkhaṇakālepi atthi eva. Tadā ca maggādhipatibhāvena na vattabbā te dhammāti bhiyyopi siddhovāyamattho.
1434“或以过去为所缘”是简略之说,而“以过去为所缘”则是许多版本中注释书的读法。所谓“因此”,是因为在《缘起分别注释》(《分别论注》227)中说:“临终时,亲属们说:‘亲爱的,这是为你所作的供佛,请你净信’”等,宣说了于五门将色等所缘摄受,以及彼所缘的十四心转起;又说就在那仅停留一刹那的所缘上生起结生心。由于将说结生心以现在为所缘,故而(说过去为所缘是简略说)。二有分、一转向、因临死而迟缓微弱的五速行、二彼所缘、一死心,共十一个心刹那属于过去,因此他说“寿命剩余五心刹那”。所谓“其他意义”,是指其他有彼所缘的死心。现在,为了详细显示仅简略说为“其他意义”的内容,而说了“然而当……”。由于死心无彼所缘,以及结生心以现在为所缘,故举出“色……乃至……有情”。应知有六有分以现在为所缘,九个心刹那属于过去,寿命剩余七心刹那,结生心于趣相上转起。
1434.Atītārammaṇāvāti uddhaṭaṃ, ‘‘atītārammaṇā’’ti pana aṭṭhakathāpāṭho bahūsu potthakesu dissati. Tasmāti yasmā paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅgavaṇṇanāyaṃ (vibha. a. 227) ‘‘maraṇasamaye ñātakā ‘ayaṃ, tāta, tavatthāya buddhapūjā karīyati, cittaṃ pasādehī’ti vatvā’’tiādinā pañcadvāre rūpādiārammaṇūpasaṃharaṇaṃ tattha tadārammaṇapariyosānānaṃ cuddasannaṃ cittānaṃ pavattiñca vatvā tasmiṃyeva ekacittakkhaṇaṭṭhitike ārammaṇe paṭisandhicittaṃ uppajjatīti paccuppannārammaṇabhāvaṃ paṭisandhiyā vakkhati, tasmāti attho. Dve bhavaṅgāni āvajjanaṃ maraṇassāsannabhāvena mandībhūtavegattā pañca javanāni dve tadārammaṇāni cuticittanti ekādasa cittakkhaṇā atītāti āha ‘‘pañcacittakkhaṇāvasiṭṭhāyuke’’ti. Itaratthāti aññatadārammaṇāya cutiyā. Idāni tameva ‘‘itaratthā’’ti saṅkhepato vuttamatthaṃ vitthārato dassetuṃ ‘‘yadā hī’’tiādimāha. Cutiyā tadārammaṇarahitattā paṭisandhiyā ca paccuppannārammaṇattā ‘‘rūpā…pe… jjantassā’’ti udāhaṭaṃ. Cha bhavaṅgāni paccuppannārammaṇāni honti, nava cittakkhaṇā atītāti sattacittakkhaṇāvasiṭṭhāyuke gatinimitte paṭisandhiyā pavattattāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“唯取现有的身体为所缘”:这是说,由于以轻快、轻易的方式越过“想”,它只会引起现在已生起的大种及所造色聚合的轻快转起,而非未来色的轻快转起。
Vijjamānamevakāyaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karotīti etena sukhalahusaññokkamanena paccuppannasseva bhūtupādāyarūpasaṅghātassa lahuparivattibhāvāpādanaṃ, na bhāvinoti dasseti.
“Etthantareti”是指从尚未明显之时开始,直至明显之时为止的这段间隔。然而,由于诸法之中,有些很快变得明显,有些则迟缓,因此不作限定而说“一、二相续轮转”。有人说:“这是为了文句流畅而说的。”另一些人则说:“在此间隔中生起的色法和非色法,若被执取为‘现在’,便成为一个相续轮转。将此分为两部分:以尚未明显之时为始,大部分在明显之前的部分为一个段落;以明显之时为始,直到完全明显为止的部分为另一段落,如此便成二个相续轮转。依此方法,其余相续轮转的差别也应当了知。其中,不依时间而取一切法的共通状态,而是依诸法相似转起的状态来阐明相续的界限。”即使是由时节、心等所生的色法,在某一小段时间内相似地转起,也称为相续轮转。如说“极微细”等,在此,无色法的相续也应视为已被所说的色法相续所限定而包含在内。所谓“于现在诸法中,被执取”,是就其为爱、邪见所牵引之处而说的。“朋友,意与诸法”,是指作为能缘与所缘、属于同一存在、包含在同一相续中的诸法,若不加以区分而执取,则成
Etthantareti apākaṭakālato paṭṭhāya yāva pākaṭakālo, etasmiṃ antare. Yasmā pana kassaci kiñci sīghaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, kassaci dandhaṃ, tasmā ‘‘ekadvesantativārā’’ti aniyametvā vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vacanasiliṭṭhatāvasena vutta’’nti eke, keci pana ‘‘etthantare pavattā rūpadhammā arūpadhammā ca paccuppannāti gahite eko santativāro hoti, taṃ pana dvidhā vibhajitvā apākaṭakālaṃ ādiṃ katvā yebhuyyena pākaṭakālato orabhāvo eko koṭṭhāso yebhuyyena pākaṭakālaṃ ādiṃ katvā yāva supākaṭakālo ekoti ete dve santativārā. Iminā nayena sesasantativārabhedāpi veditabbā. Tattha kālavasena sabbesaṃ samānabhāvaṃ aggahetvā dhammānaṃ sadisappavattivasena santatiparicchedo dīpitabbo’’ti vadanti. Kiñci kiñci kālaṃ sadisaṃ pavattamānāpi hi utucittādisamuṭṭhānā rūpadhammā santativārāti vuccanti. Yadāha ‘‘atiparittā’’tiādinā, arūpasantatipi cettha yathāvuttarūpasantatiparicchinnā saṅgahitāyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīratīti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi ākaḍḍhanīyaṭṭhānabhāvena vuttaṃ. ‘‘Yo cāvuso, mano ye ca dhammā’’ti visayivisayabhūtā ekabhavabhūtā ca ekasantatipariyāpannā dhammā vibhāgaṃ akatvā gayhamānā addhāpaccuppannaṃ hoti, sati pana vibhāgakaraṇe khaṇasantatipaccuppannatā labbhatīti āha ‘‘addhāpaccuppannaṃ hontaṃ etaṃ ubhayaṃ hotī’’ti.
“Tassāti”是指大众的。所谓“不作出过去等的区分”,是显示转向等以相同行相转起的方法。“得以成立”的意思是:即使在以刹那现在为所缘的情况下,这一圣典对于遍作心及心差别智而言,也已善巧地引导了,这是其含义。同时,“过去三法”也如此不被破坏,意思是:当在此处将刹那现在的法执取为“现在”时,正是阐明了已包含在其他文句中的无间缘关系,因此“过去三法”在《发趣论》中,由于无差别地、正确地引出了义理,故未被破坏。或者,“过去三法”是指《发趣论》中的过去三法之文,由于上述理由,确实与这过去三法之文无差别、不特殊,完全相符一致,这是其含义。
Tassāti mahājanassa. Atītādivibhāgaṃ akatvāti āvajjanādīnaṃ samānākārappavattiyā upāyaṃ dasseti. Siddhaṃ hotīti khaṇapaccuppannārammaṇattepi parikammacetopariyañāṇānaṃ ayaṃ pāḷi suṭṭhu nītā hotīti attho. Atītattiko ca evaṃ abhinno hotīti evaṃ khaṇapaccuppanneyeva dhamme idha paccuppannoti gayhamāne aññapadasaṅgahitasseva anantarapaccayabhāvaṃ pakāsento atītattiko ca paṭṭhāne abhedato sammā atthassa uddhaṭattā avināsito hoti. Atha vā atītattikoti paṭṭhāne atītattikapāḷi, imāya atītattikapāḷiyā yathāvuttakāraṇatoyeva abhinno avisiṭṭho aññadatthu saṃsandati sametīti attho.
“Yathāsambhavanti”应如此结合:转向具有未来所缘,速行具有现在、过去所缘,或具有未来、现在、过去所缘。其意图是:由于以分位现在为所缘,故不会有不同所缘性。而且,此义理是依可能性显示而说的,即:在一速行路中、仅于一个心的转起时,转向等具有未来等所缘是可能的。为了结合并显示所指的神通心在刹那现在中的转起,而说“因此”等。“三”是指:“过去所缘法对过去所缘法以习行缘为缘,未来所缘法对未来所缘法以习行缘为缘,现在所缘法对现在所缘法以习行缘为缘”(《发趣论》2.19.34),即依其他文句所包含的诸法,有三个问答。其含义是:不存在无习行的情况,意思是:当获得习行时,在如法教说中,没有不说的理由,因此,由此不说,便了知对其他问题的否定。
Yathāsambhavanti āvajjanāya anāgatārammaṇatā, javanānaṃ paccuppannātītārammaṇatā anāgatapaccuppannātītārammaṇatāti yojetabbaṃ. Nānārammaṇatā na siyā addhāvasena paccuppannārammaṇattāti adhippāyo. Ayañca attho ekissā javanavīthiyā ekasmiṃyeva citte pavattiyaṃ āvajjanādīnaṃ anāgatādiārammaṇatā sambhavatīti sambhavadassanavasena vuttoti yathādhippetassa abhiññācittassa khaṇapaccuppanne pavattiṃ yojetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘tenā’’tiādimāha. Tīṇīti ‘‘atītārammaṇo dhammo atītārammaṇassa dhammassa āsevanapaccayena paccayo, anāgatārammaṇo dhammo anāgatārammaṇassa dhammassa, paccuppannārammaṇo dhammo paccuppannārammaṇassa dhammassa āsevanapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 2.19.34) padantarasaṅgahitadhammānapekkhā dhammā tīṇi pañhavissajjanānīti attho. Anāsevanaṃ natthīti āsevanalābhe sati yathādhammasāsane avacanassa kāraṇaṃ natthīti avacanena tattha itaresaṃ pañhānaṃ paṭisedho viññāyatīti adhippāyo.
“Etassa vādassāti”是指“即使在转向和速行以未来、现在为所缘的情况下,心差别智也能成立”这一主张。“Nissayabhāvoti”是指由于义理可能,故具有阐明所述方法的作用。“Yanti”指心。“Tassāti”是指关于转向和速行以刹那现在已灭者为所缘的说法。在此,如果涉及时间的差别,并说“转向只对未来转起”,这是不合理的。或者说,如果作意“我将知道此心将成为什么”,那么遍作心和神通心也都只以未来为所缘,因此,在任何情况下,转向和速行以未来、现在为所缘都不能成立。故说“转起……因为已说”。“Dosāpattiyāti”是指由于过失的产生,或从过失的产生而言。“Rāsiekadesāvajjanapaṭivedheti”是依文直说前论者一方的观点,“sampattasampattāvajjanajānaneti”则是自己抉择的一方。前论者不会同意,他们立足于“在阿毗达摩论母中所说的‘现在’一词,并没有分位、相续现在的词义”这一意图,因而不会同意。在此,虽然自性有差别,但由于行相无
Etassa vādassāti ‘‘āvajjanajavanānaṃ anāgatapaccuppannārammaṇattepi cetopariyañāṇaṃ siddha’’nti vādassa. Nissayabhāvoti atthasambhavato yathāvuttanayassa jotakabhāvo. Yanti cittaṃ. Tassāti āvajjanajavanānaṃ khaṇapaccuppannaniruddhārammaṇatāvacanassa. Ettha ca kālavisesaṃ āmasati, anāgatāyeva ca āvajjanā pavattatīti nayidaṃ yujjamānakaṃ. Atha ‘‘yaṃ imassa cittaṃ bhavissati, taṃ jānāmī’’ti ābhogaṃ karoti, evaṃ sati parikammābhiññācittānampi anāgatārammaṇattamevāti sabbattha āvajjanajavanānaṃ anāgatapaccuppannārammaṇatā na sijjhatīti āha ‘‘pavatti…pe… vuttattā’’ti. Dosāpattiyāti dosāpajjanena, dosāpattito vā. Rāsiekadesāvajjanapaṭivedheti yathārutavaseneva purimavādipakkhamāha, sampattasampattāvajjanajānaneti attanā niddhāritapakkhaṃ. Purimavādino nānujāneyyunti addhāsantatipaccuppannapadatthatā abhidhammamātikāyaṃ āgatapaccuppannapadassa natthīti adhippāye ṭhatvā nānujāneyyuṃ. Ettha ca satipi sabhāvabhede ākārabhedābhāvato ekattanayavasena āvajjanaparikammābhiññācittānaṃ nānārammaṇatādoso natthīti khaṇapaccuppannārammaṇatā cetopariyañāṇassa purimavādīnaṃ adhippāyavibhāvanamukhena dassitā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘sabhāvabhede sati nānārammaṇatādosābhāvo natthi evāti ekasmiṃ eva citte addhāsantativasena paccuppannārammaṇatā vibhāvitā’’ti dvīsupi vādesu yaṃ yuttaṃ, taṃ vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.
“Tenevāti”是因为在“过去三法”和“已生三法”中,并未见到阐明心差别智以正在进行的法为所缘的文句,正是由于这一原因。“Dvīsu ñāṇesūti”是指在宿住随念智和心差别智这两种智中。“Kammamukhena gayhantīti”显示:即使在作为所缘的情况下,四蕴也如同业报智那样,以业为门,只被执取为善或不善,而不加分别。由于与贪等相应的差别而表现出恶行的特征,由于与无贪等相应的差别而表现出善行的特征,因此,阐明恶行、善行时,也必然阐明了贪等。故说“恶行……成为修习”。
Tenevāti yasmā atītattike uppannattike ca cetopariyañāṇassa vattamānadhammārammaṇabhāvajotano pāṭho na dissati, teneva kāraṇena. Dvīsu ñāṇesūti pubbenivāsacetopariyañāṇesu . Kammamukhena gayhantīti satipi ārammaṇabhāve cattāro khandhā yathākammūpagañāṇena kammadvārena kusalākusalā icceva gayhanti, na pana vibhāgasoti dasseti. Lobhādisampayogavisesena duccaritabhāvo, alobhādisampayogavisesena ca sucaritabhāvo lakkhīyatīti duccaritasucaritāni vibhāventaṃ lobhādayopi vibhāvetiyeva nāma hotīti āha ‘‘duccarita…pe… bhāvanaṃ hotī’’ti.
1435对于非真实法,由于执取诸如“我”等施设的内在法,或许有某种内在的称谓;但并非真实法,因为真实法并非存在于无情的相续中,故说“真实……非有”。同样,在“观察自己的蕴等的人”一句中,为了解释“以内在为所缘”之义,将会说:“当内在被执取时,通过‘我’这一施设,以‘等’字来含摄。”既然如此,它在“内在三元组”中也应被称为内在吗?不,因为如同外在性,内在性在“内在三元组”中也是以非间接的方式被指称的。因此说“非真实……未说”。“无所有处等”的“等”字,包含了它的转向心、它的近行与随顺心,以及以它为所缘而生起的观察、味著等心。
1435. Asabhāvadhammassa ‘‘aha’’ntiādipaññattiyā ajjhattadhammupādānatāya siyā koci ajjhattapariyāyo, na pana sabhāvadhammassa asattasantāneva tassāti vuttaṃ ‘‘sabhāva…pe… ahonta’’nti. Tathā hi ‘‘attano khandhādīni paccavekkhantassā’’ti ettha ‘‘ajjhattārammaṇā’’ti padassa atthavivaraṇavasena ‘‘ajjhattaṃ gayhamānaṃ ahanti paññattiṃ ādi-saddena gaṇhātī’’ti vakkhati. Yadi evaṃ tassa ajjhattattikepi ajjhattabhāvo vattabbo siyā? Na, bahiddhābhāvassa viya ajjhattabhāvassapi ajjhattattike nippariyāyavasena adhippetattāti. Yadāha ‘‘asabhā…pe… na vutta’’nti. Ākiñcaññāyatanādīti ādi-saddena sāvajjanāni tassa purecārikaupacāracittāni tassa ārammaṇena pavattanakapaccavekkhaṇaassādanādicittāni ca saṅgaṇhāti.
“无所有处”——此处以“彼”字引出而说,但并非指其全部,而是指它的前行心等,这是其含义。“余说”(lesa)是指以部分相符、同一所缘的方式,仅说一分。因为“余”是附着、黏着,即部分地黏着。“那些”指欲界善、不善、大唯作、转向心,以及善与唯作所分别的色界第四禅心。因此,在“舍俱说”等之中,对于那些被说为与不苦不乐受相应者,如果只说一种舍俱说,便不应再说其余,这是其含义。“等”字包含了因相应欲界等说。因为在那里,对于以“小因”等状态而说的法,若只说一种,便不应再说其余。“非修习之极致转起”:指非修习之极致转起,即非修习相之极致转起,或非有之极致转起。意思是,不应说为已生起为内在所缘等。“那些”指与无所有处同一所缘的转向心等。若如此,为何说“非修习之共相”?因为以无所有处为所缘的观察、味著等心,并非以非修习之相转起。并非如此,因为意指“应被非修习者”。所谓“非修习”,是指不被修习者,而不是“不修习”。
Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ taṃ-saddena ākaḍḍhitvā vadati, na pana taṃ sabbanti vuttaṃ, yañca tassa purecārikanti attho. Lesavacananti ekadesasāruppena samānārammaṇabhāvena ekadesasseva vacanaṃ. Lissati silissati ekadesena allīyatīti hi leso. Yesanti kāmāvacarakusalākusalamahākiriyāvajjanacittānaṃ kusalakiriyābhedassa rūpāvacaracatutthassa ca. Evaṃ upekkhāsahagataniddesādīsūti yesaṃ adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya sampayuttatā vuttā, tesu ekameva upekkhāsahagataniddesaṃ vatvā itaraṃ na vattabbaṃ siyāti attho. Ādi-saddena hetusampayuttakāmāvacarādiniddese saṅgaṇhāti. Tatthāpi hi parittasahetukādibhāvena vuttesu dhammesu ekameva vatvā itaraṃ na vattabbaṃ siyāti. Abhāvanāniṭṭhappavattiyāti abhāvanāniṭṭhappavattiyā abhāvanākārassa ukkaṃsappavattiyāti attho, abhāvassa vā ukkaṃsappavattiyā. Navattabbaṃ jātaṃ ajjhattārammaṇādibhāvenāti adhippāyo. Tānīti ākiñcaññāyatanena samānārammaṇāni āvajjanādīni. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘abhāvanāsāmaññe’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ. Na hi ākiñcaññāyatanārammaṇassa paccavekkhaṇaassādanādivasena pavattacittānaṃ abhāvanākārena pavatti atthīti? Na, abhāvetabbatāya adhippetattā. Na bhāvīyatīti hi abhāvanaṃ, na na bhāvetīti.
在“由执取之差别所造”等中,有如下意旨:虽然修习智所造的相状,在自性上并非实有的所缘境中,大多是广大法转起,但由于执取外相的方式,遍等被称为“外在”,因此以彼为所缘的法,即说为“以外在为所缘”。因为遍的相续被释放后,其显现特由扩展的遍而了知;然而第一无色界定中识无有的状态,既非外相,亦非内相,所以在无二相的状态中,以不共于其他的转起方式而转起的无所有处,才称为“不可说所缘”,而非其他,因为其他是以其他相而转起的。“欲界善”应知仅为举例。
Gahaṇavisesanimmitānītiādīsu ayamadhippāyo – yadipi bhāvanāñāṇanimmitākāramattesu sabhāvato avijjamānesu visayesu yebhuyyena mahaggatā dhammā pavattanti, bahiddhākāraggahaṇavasena pana kasiṇādīnaṃ bahiddhābhāvoti tadārammaṇadhammā bahiddhārammaṇāti vuttaṃ. Kasiṇānañhi santānaṃ muñcitvā upaṭṭhānaṃ visesato vaḍḍhitakasiṇavasena viññāyati, paṭhamāruppaviññāṇābhāvassa pana na bahiddhākāro, nāpi ajjhattākāroti ubhayākāravidhure tasmiṃ anaññasādhāraṇena pavattiyākārena pavattamānaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanameva navattabbārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, na itare itarākārappavattitoti. Kāmāvacarakusalānanti nidassanamattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“无所有处果报”:应依义理将其格位转变为“非想非非想处的果报等”。“因无引转可能”是指等至心没有引转的可能。以“唯善为果报的所缘”而说“果报”等。
Ākiñcaññāyatanavipākaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanassa vipākādikassāti atthavasena vibhatti pariṇāmetabbā. Abhinīhārāsambhavatoti samāpatticittassa abhinīharaṇāsambhavato. Kusalameva vipākassa ārammaṇanti katvā ‘‘vipākassā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.
即使是并非真实存在的法,由于可依外相而被执取,就如遍的“外在性”一样;在此处,由于唯独执取内在法,通过“我”的施设,便可能具有内在性,因此说“内在”等。“蕴等”——以“等”字包含了界、处等,他们这样说。所谓“此理趣”,是指“将无色蕴执为蕴”等,这是注释的理趣。关于“他人的蕴等执取”——当说出“他人的蕴等”这一词时,便在音声中。“以等字说示一切所执施设”——这是其关联。
Asabhāvadhammattepi bahiddhākārena gahaṇīyabhāvato kasiṇānaṃ bahiddhābhāvo viya ekantato idha ajjhattadhammupādānatāya ahanti paññattiyā siyā ajjhattabhāvoti vuttaṃ ‘‘ajjhatta’’ntiādi. ‘‘Khandhādīti ādi-saddena dhātuāyatanādi saṅgayhatī’’ti ca vadanti. Esa nayoti ‘‘arūpakkhandhe khandhāti gahetvā’’tiādikaṃ vaṇṇanānītiṃ āha. Paresaṃ khandhādiggahaṇeti paresaṃ khandhādīti imassa padassa kathane uccāraṇe. Sabbaṃ upādāpaññattiṃ āha ādisaddenāti sambandho.
二法义理注释
Dukaatthuddhāravaṇṇanā
14731473.“以其他方式”:是指对所述方式的说明。正因说明了该方式,所以在注释书中,对于有行心在没有惛沉睡眠的情况下,并未显示与无行相似的连结。“在有贪等中”:是在以有贪为根本等的连结中。
1473.Aññathāti vuttappakārassa dassane. Vuttappakārassa dassanato eva hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ sasaṅkhārikānaṃ thinamiddhavirahe asaṅkhārikasadisī yojanā na dassitā. Bhavarāgādīsūti bhavarāgamūlikādīsu yojanāsu.
1511“二”是指掉举盖与无明盖。“三”是指在欲贪、嗔恚、疑中,每一者与掉举盖、无明盖合为三。“或二或三”——这是指出巴利文中“vā”字被省略而作此说。或者,即使有不变词之音近,也仅以名词等表示合集等义,而不以不变词,因为它们并非能诠;因此,即使没有不变词,此义也能表达。如此,依表达意愿,此处以理趣为准量,故巴利文中说“二、三”。以“于彼俱生”等,说“二、三”是相状之说,这是共通于一切的意义。同样地,说“如此作已,于烦恼聚中亦”。其意旨是:即使没有与二烦恼俱起的心生起,巴利文中仍执取为“二”;且对于可能生起的烦恼,并非以自性执取一切,故知“二、三”乃是一种形相之说。
1511.Dveti uddhaccāvijjānīvaraṇāni. Tīṇīti kāmacchandabyāpādavicikicchāsu ekekena uddhaccāvijjānīvaraṇāni. Dve vā tīṇi vāti pāḷiyaṃ vā-saddassa luttaniddiṭṭhataṃ āha. Atha vā nipātasaddasannidhānepi nāmapadādīhi eva samuccayādiattho vuccati, na nipātapadehi tesaṃ avācakattāti antarenapi nipātapadaṃ ayamattho labbhati. Tathā vacanicchāya sambhavo eva hettha pamāṇanti pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘dve tīṇī’’ti vuttaṃ. Yatthasahuppattītiādinā ‘‘dve tīṇī’’ti lakkhaṇavacananti sabbasādhāraṇamatthamāha. Tathā hi ‘‘evañca katvā kilesagocchake cā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tassāyamadhippāyo – kilesadvayasahitasseva cittuppādassa abhāvepi pāḷiyaṃ dviggahaṇaṃ kataṃ, kilesānañca sambhavantānaṃ sabbesaṃ sarūpena gahaṇaṃ na katanti dve tayoti lakkhaṇakaraṇanti viññāyatīti.
如果对于一切善法生起时的掉举,也说只有一个心生起作为所缘,那么对于无明盖也应同样说——基于此意,以“为何说”等发起诘问。对方为了说明掉举盖确实应当这样说,而无明盖不应当这样说,便说“在经中”等。其中,“在经中所说的五盖中”,这是考虑到与掉举俱行时,掉举与无明盖相伴而为盖而说的。难道在经中不是也说“为无明所盖的众生”等,将无明称为“盖”吗?的确如此,然而在经中,由于作为禅支的对立面,通常大量说的是欲贪等五盖,因此应知这是依多数说而作此言的。
Yadi sabbākusale uppajjanakassapi uddhaccassa eko eva cittuppādo visayabhāvena vuccati, avijjānīvaraṇassapi tathā vattabbanti adhippāyena ‘‘kasmā vutta’’ntiādinā codeti. Itaro uddhaccanīvaraṇasseva tathā vattabbataṃ avijjānīvaraṇassa tathā vattabbatābhāvañca dassetuṃ ‘‘suttante’’tiādimāha. Tattha suttante vuttesu pañcasu nīvaraṇesūti uddhaccasahagate uddhaccassa avijjānīvaraṇena nīvaraṇasahitataṃ āsaṅkitvā vuttaṃ. Nanu ca suttantepi ‘‘avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattāna’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.124) avijjā ‘‘nīvaraṇa’’nti vuttāti? Saccametaṃ, jhānaṅgānaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvena pana suttante bahulaṃ kāmacchandādayo pañceva nīvaraṇāni vuttānīti yebhuyyavuttivasena etaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
然而,有些论者说:“如同在‘安放品’中,即使是微弱的、作为善法对立面的诸盖,也像在《发趣论》中那样被显示出来。例如,《发趣论》中说:‘缘取盖法而生起盖法,非依前生缘。在无色界,缘欲贪盖而生起惛沉睡眠盖、掉举盖’等,但在‘义释品’中并非如此。在‘义释品’中,只有作为禅那对立面的诸盖才被指出,因此说‘掉举盖在与掉举俱行的心生起中生起’。而在义释中,显示掉举盖与欲贪等一同生起,是依‘安放品’的体系而作,目的是显示一同生起时的分类,因为在那里,圣典本身已详细阐述了这些。”这一说法,是将“掉举盖在与掉举俱行的心生起中生起”这句话本身作为证因而提出的。若非如此,就应当像无明盖那样说了。然而,除了这句话之外,并没有其他证语能成立“在‘义理摘出品’中所指的只是作为现行烦恼而显现的诸盖”这一义理。这句话由于是总括两三种说法的共通之语,能涵盖一切盖,并且由于已显示它是为了阐明前述说法的特定范围——即具有另一种目的而说的,因此看来并非证因。所以,应当审察后再作采纳。
Keci pana ‘‘yathā nikkhepakaṇḍe kusalapaṭipakkhabhūtāni dubbalānipi nīvaraṇāni paṭṭhāne viya dassitāni. Tathā hi paṭṭhāne (paṭṭhā. 3.8.1) ‘nīvaraṇaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicca nīvaraṇo dhammo uppajjati na purejātapaccayā. Arūpe kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ paṭicca thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccanīvaraṇa’ntiādi vuttaṃ, na evaṃ aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe. Aṭṭhakathākaṇḍe pana jhānapaṭipakkhabhūtāniyeva nīvaraṇāni niddiṭṭhānīti ‘uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccasahagate cittuppāde uppajjatī’ti vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana uddhaccanīvaraṇassa kāmacchandādīhi ekato uppattidassanaṃ nikkhepakaṇḍānusārena kataṃ ekato uppattiyā pabhedadassanatthaṃ. Tattha hi pāḷiyaṃyeva tāni vitthārato vuttānī’’ti vadanti. Ayañca vādo ‘‘uddhaccanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccasahagate cittuppāde uppajjatī’’ti idameva vacanaṃ ñāpakanti katvā vutto. Aññathā avijjānīvaraṇaṃ viya vattabbaṃ siyā. Na ti ito aññaṃ pariyuṭṭhānapaṭṭhāyīniyeva nīvaraṇāni atthuddhārakaṇḍe adhippetānīti imassa atthassa sādhakaṃ vacanaṃ atthi, idaṃ vacanaṃ dvetīṇivacanassa sāmaññena sabbanīvaraṇasaṅgāhakattā yathāvuttavacanassa visayavisesappakāsanasaṅkhātena payojanantarena vuttabhāvassa dassitattā ca ñāpakaṃ na bhavatīti dissati, tasmā vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.
“不执取”:即不依文释义而执取字面意义,应如理探求其意旨,使之不与《安放品》《发趣论》等及本圣典相违——如此结语,正是归结前述之义。
Aggahetvāti yathārutavaseneva atthaṃ aggahetvā yathā nikkhepakaṇḍapaṭṭhānādīhi na imissā pāḷiyā virodho hoti, evaṃ adhippāyo gavesitabboti yathāvuttamevatthaṃ nigameti.
1577“它们”:指贪等之外的其他诸法。“已显示”:如何显示的呢?慢,与贪、痴、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、惛沉、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起。同样,见与痴、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起;疑与痴、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起。惛沉,与贪、痴、见、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起;与嗔、痴、掉举、无惭、无愧一起生起。掉举,与贪、痴、见、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、见、惛沉、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、惛沉、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、惛沉、无惭、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、无惭、无愧一起生起;与嗔、痴、无惭、无愧一起生起;与嗔、痴、惛沉、无惭、无愧一起生起;与痴、疑、无惭、无愧一起生起;与痴、无惭、无愧一起生起。
1577.Tesanti lobhādito aññesaṃ. Dassitāti kathaṃ dassitā? Māno tāva lobhamohauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohathinauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, tathā diṭṭhi, vicikicchā mohauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, thinaṃ lobhamohadiṭṭhiuddhaccaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohamānauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, dosamohauddhaccaahirikānottappehi, uddhaccaṃ lobhamohadiṭṭhiahirikānottappehi, lobhamohadiṭṭhithinaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohamānaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohamānathinaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohathinaahirikānottappehi, lobhamohaahirikānottappehi, dosamohaahirikānottappehi, dosamohathinaahirikānottappehi, mohavicikicchāahirikānottappehi, mohaahirikānottappehi ekato uppajjati.
又如掉举那样,无惭与无愧亦应配合而了知。如何呢?无惭,与贪、痴、见、掉举、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、见、惛沉、掉举、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、掉举、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、惛沉、掉举、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、惛沉、掉举、无愧一起生起;与贪、痴、掉举、无愧一起生起;与嗔、痴、掉举、无愧一起生起;与嗔、痴、惛沉、掉举、无愧一起生起;与痴、疑、掉举、无愧一起生起;与痴、掉举、无愧一起生起。无愧,与贪、痴、见、掉举、无惭一起生起;与贪、痴、见、惛沉、掉举、无惭一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、掉举、无惭一起生起;与贪、痴、慢、惛沉、掉举、无惭一起生起;与贪、痴、惛沉、掉举、无惭一起生起;与贪、痴、掉举、无惭一起生起;与嗔、痴、掉举、无惭一起生起;与嗔、痴、惛沉、掉举、无惭一起生起;与痴、疑、掉举、无惭一起生起;与痴、掉举、无惭一起生起。如是,于此,慢等之俱起亦应了知。其余则为文义易明了者。
Yathā ca uddhaccaṃ, evaṃ ahirikānottappāni ca yojetvā veditabbāni. Kathaṃ? Ahirikaṃ lobhamohadiṭṭhiuddhaccānottappehi, lobhamohadiṭṭhithinauddhaccānottappehi, lobhamohamānauddhaccānottappehi, lobhamohamānathinauddhaccānottappehi, lobhamohathinauddhaccānottappehi, lobhamohauddhaccānottappehi, dosamohauddhaccānottappehi, dosamohathinauddhaccānottappehi, mohavicikicchāuddhaccānottappehi , mohauddhaccānottappehi ca ekato uppajjati. Anottappaṃ lobhamohadiṭṭhiuddhaccāhirikehi, lobhamohadiṭṭhithinauddhaccāhirikehi, lobhamohamānauddhaccāhirikehi, lobhamohamānathinauddhaccāhirikehi, lobhamohathinauddhaccāhirikehi, lobhamohauddhaccāhirikehi, dosamohauddhaccāhirikehi, dosamohathinauddhaccāhirikehi, mohavicikicchāuddhaccāhirikehi , mohauddhaccāhirikehi ca ekato uppajjatīti evamettha mānādīnampi ekato uppatti veditabbā. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.