十、根双论
10. Indriyayamakaṃ
现在,是对那些在根本双论中所说的善等诸法,依其可获的方式摄集一分后,接着在法双论之后所说的根双论进行解释。其中,应依蕴双论等中所说的方法来了知巴利文句的界定。因为在此,施设转起等三大转起,以及其余的中间转起,连同时间差别等,都与蕴双论等中所说类似。然而,由于根的数量众多,其双对较界双论为多。但正如在后文的人转起等中,在以眼处、眼界为根本的方法里,舌处、身处不与眼处、眼界一起组合;以及未以舌处、身处为根本的双对一样,在此,在以眼根为根本的方法里,舌根、身根也不组合;以及未取舌根、身根为根本的双对。不取它们的原因,应知依那里所说的方法。然而,意根正如与以眼根等为根本的诸法组合一样,也与以女根等为根本的诸法组合,因为它进行组合,故应知它并未按所说的顺序组合,而是在最后与一切以眼根为根本等的诸法组合。与眼根一起,女根、男根、命根被组合;乐根、苦根、忧根在结生中不存在,故未被取。喜根、舍根在结生中有所生起,故被取。同样,信等五根被取。三出世间根在结生中完全不存在,故未被取。如是,在此以眼根为根本的方法中,应依所取来了知。
Idāni tesaññeva mūlayamake desitānaṃ kusalādidhammānaṃ labbhamānavasena ekadesaṃ saṃgaṇhitvā dhammayamakānantaraṃ desitassa indriyayamakassa vaṇṇanā hoti. Tattha khandhayamakādīsu vuttanayeneva pāḷivavatthānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Idhāpi hi paṇṇattivārādayo tayo mahāvārā avasesā antaravārā ca saddhiṃ kālappabhedādīhi khandhayamakādīsu āgatasadisāva. Indriyānaṃ pana bahutāya dhātuyamakatopi bahutarāni yamakāni honti. Yathā pana heṭṭhā puggalavārādīsu cakkhāyatanacakkhudhātumūlake naye cakkhāyatanacakkhudhātūhi saddhiṃ jivhāyatanakāyāyatanāni na yojitāni. Jivhāyatanakāyāyatanamūlakāni ca yamakāneva na gahitāni, tathā idhāpi cakkhundriyamūlake naye jivhindriyakāyindriyāni na yojitāni, jivhindriyakāyindriyamūlakāni ca yamakāneva na gahitāni. Tesaṃ aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Manindriyaṃ pana yathā cakkhundriyādimūlakehi tatheva itthindriyādimūlakehipi saddhiṃ yasmā yojanaṃ gacchati, tasmā nikkhittapaṭipāṭiyā ayojetvā sabbehipi cakkhundriyamūlakādīhi saddhiṃ pariyosāne yojitanti veditabbaṃ. Cakkhundriyena saddhiṃ itthindriyapurisindriyajīvitindriyāni yojitāni sukhindriyadukkhindriyadomanassindriyāni paṭisandhiyaṃ natthīti na gahitāni. Somanassindriyaupekkhindriyāni paṭisandhiyaṃ uppattisabbhāvato gahitāni. Tathā saddhindriyādīni pañca. Lokuttarāni tīṇi paṭisandhiyaṃ abhāveneva na gahitāni. Iti yāni gahitāni, tesaṃ vasenettha cakkhundriyamūlake naye yamakagaṇanā veditabbā. Yathā cettha, evaṃ sabbattha. Yāni pana na gahitāni, tesaṃ vasena yamakāni na gaṇetabbāni. Gaṇentena vā moghapucchāvasena gaṇetabbānīti evaṃ tāva sabbavāresu pāḷivavatthānameva veditabbaṃ.
转起品解释
Pavattivāravaṇṇanā
1-86然而,在此处的义理抉择中,有此入门方法: “对有眼者,非女”,是依梵众天等有色男及非男而说。因为他们的女根不生。“对有眼者,非男”,是依有色梵天及女、非男而说。因为他们的男根不生。“对无眼而结生者,他们的命根生起”,是就一蕴有、四蕴有的欲界有情而说。“对有眼者,离喜”,是依四个舍俱大异熟结生而说。“对有眼者,离舍”,是依喜俱结生者而说。“对舍俱无眼者”,是依无因结生而说。“无因者”,是依与无因结生心俱时,信根等不存在而说。因为在那里,信、念、慧绝对没有,而定、精进则未达到根的程度。“有因无眼者”,是依胎生者和无色有者而说。因为其他有因无眼者并不存在。“有眼无因者”,是依恶趣化生者而说。“有眼智不相应者”,是依欲界二因结生者而说。“有眼智相应者”,是就有色梵天及欲界天、人而说。“智相应无眼者”,是就无色有者及三因胎生者而说。
1-86. Atthavinicchaye panettha idaṃ nayamukhaṃ – sacakkhukānaṃ na itthīnanti brahmapārisajjādīnañceva rūpīnaṃ purisanapuṃsakānañca vasena vuttaṃ. Tesañhi itthindriyaṃ nuppajjati. Sacakkhukānaṃ na purisānanti rūpībrahmānañceva itthinapuṃsakānañca vasena vuttaṃ. Tesañhi purisindriyaṃ nuppajjati. Acakkhukānaṃ upapajjantānaṃ tesaṃ jīvitindriyaṃ uppajjatīti ekavokāracatuvokārakāmadhātusatte sandhāya vuttaṃ. Sacakkhukānaṃ vinā somanassenāti upekkhāsahagatānaṃ catunnaṃ mahāvipākapaṭisandhīnaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. Sacakkhukānaṃ vinā upekkhāyāti somanassasahagatapaṭisandhikānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. Upekkhāya acakkhukānanti ahetukapaṭisandhivasena vuttaṃ. Ahetukānanti ahetukapaṭisandhicittena saddhiṃ saddhindriyādīnaṃ abhāvato vuttaṃ. Tattha hi ekanteneva saddhāsatipaññāyo natthi. Samādhivīriyāni pana indriyappattāni na honti. Sahetukānaṃ acakkhukānanti gabbhaseyyakavasena ceva arūpīvasena ca vuttaṃ. Añño hi sahetuko acakkhuko nāma natthi. Sacakkhukānaṃ ahetukānanti apāye opapātikavasena vuttaṃ. Sacakkhukānaṃ ñāṇavippayuttānanti kāmadhātuyaṃ duhetukapaṭisandhikānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ. Sacakkhukānaṃ ñāṇasampayuttānanti rūpībrahmāno ceva kāmāvacaradevamanusse ca sandhāya vuttaṃ. Ñāṇasampayuttānaṃ acakkhukānanti arūpino ca tihetukagabbhaseyyake ca sandhāya vuttaṃ.
190就命根为根本而言,‘离喜而结生者’是就两种命根而说。‘于转起中,喜不相应心生起的刹那’则是就无色命根而说。依此方法,于一切处,当知依结生与转起而建立命根的关联。就喜根等为根本而言,亦当依结生与转起而通达其义。然而,于逆法方法与灭转起中,当知诸法及其余法,依各自所得之方式,于死、结生、转起三者中,为不生与灭。
190. Jīvitindriyamūlake vinā somanassena upapajjantānanti dvepi jīvitindriyāni sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pavattesomanassavippayuttacittassa uppādakkhaṇeti arūpajīvitindriyaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Iminā nayena sabbatthāpi paṭisandhipavattivasena jīvitindriyayojanā veditabbā. Somanassindriyādimūlakesupi paṭisandhipavattivasenevattho gahetabbo. Paṭilomanaye pana nirodhavāre ca etesañceva aññesañca dhammānaṃ yathālābhavasena cutipaṭisandhipavattesu tīsupi anuppādanirodhā veditabbā.
281就未来转起而言,‘以此状态’即以此男性状态,意为未于中间转成女性而取男性结生。‘示现数有而般涅槃’意为取数次结生,未至女性状态即般涅槃。第二问亦同此理。
281. Anāgatavāre eteneva bhāvenāti etena purisabhāveneva, antarā itthibhāvaṃ anāpajjitvā purisapaṭisandhiggahaṇenevāti attho. Katici bhave dassetvā parinibbāyissantīti katici paṭisandhiyo gahetvā itthibhāvaṃ appatvāva parinibbāyissantīti attho. Dutiyapucchāyapi eseva nayo.
361于‘以现在对过去’的转起中,在净居天结生心的坏灭刹那,意根亦不生起。不应如《心双论》那样依‘超越生起刹那’而把握义理,而应依‘于彼有中未曾生起’而把握。依此方法要旨,当知于一切转起章中的义理抉择。
361. Paccuppannena atītavāre suddhāvāsānaṃ upapatticittassa bhaṅgakkhaṇe manindriyañca nuppajjitthāti cittayamake viya uppādakkhaṇātikkamavasena atthaṃ aggahetvā tasmiṃ bhave anuppannapubbavasena gahetabboti. Iminā nayamukhena sabbasmimpi pavattivāre atthavinicchayo veditabbo.
遍知品解释
Pariññāvāravaṇṇanā
435-482而在遍知品中,于眼根等章节处,仅开示了眼根与耳根这一对。由于其余诸法——无论是纯世间无记,还是杂世间无记——皆属应遍知,因此那些虽未明示,也由此处而得以开显。又因不善法唯应断,纯善法唯应修,出世间无记法应作证,故说‘断忧根’、‘修未知当知根’、‘作证具知根’。然而,其余诸根既有应修,亦有应证,此处唯依修习而摄。其中,‘二人’是指斯陀含道心俱行者与阿罗汉道心俱行者。此中,一人因无力断除,故不名为断忧根;一人因已断烦恼,故不遍知眼根——即因无力令其不生起而不遍知。应以此理趣,了知一切释答中的义理。
435-482. Pariññāvāre pana cakkhumūlakādīsu ekameva cakkhusotayamakaṃ dassitaṃ. Yasmā pana sesānipi lokiyaabyākatāni ceva lokiyaabyākatamissakāni ca pariññeyyāneva, tasmā tāni anupadiṭṭhānipi imināva dassitāni honti. Yasmā pana akusalaṃ ekantato pahātabbameva, ekantaṃ kusalaṃ bhāvetabbameva, lokuttarābyākataṃ sacchikātabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘domanassindriyaṃ pajahatī’’ti ‘‘anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ bhāvetī’’ti ‘‘aññātāvindriyaṃ sacchikarotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Aññindriyaṃ pana bhāvetabbampi atthi sacchikātabbampi, taṃ bhāvanāvaseneva gahitaṃ. Tattha dve puggalāti sakadāgāmimaggasamaṅgī ca, arahattamaggasamaṅgī ca. Tesu eko samucchindituṃ asamatthattā domanassindriyaṃ na pajahati nāma. Eko pahīnadosattā cakkhundriyaṃ na parijānātīti anuppādaṃ āpādetuṃ asamatthatāya na parijānāti. Iminā nayena sabbavissajjanesu attho veditabboti.
至此,如是:
Ettāvatā ca –
安住于其教诫,已办所应作,所作已成就;
虽为青年,已能调伏诸根,善住于律仪。
于天众会中,于天城中,诸天中最胜者(世尊);
以无垢之心,由那位(世尊)所宣说的《双论》。
为阐明巴利圣典的安立规则,及问答的义理趣向;
我今着手为此《双论》作注释。
Yassovāde ṭhatvā, niṭṭhitakiccassa kiccasampanno; Yuvatijanopi atīto, suvihitaniyamo yamassāṇaṃ. Devaparisāya majjhe, devapure sabbadevadevena; Yamakaṃ nāma pakāsitaṃ, yamāmalalomena yaṃ tena. Pāḷivavatthānavidhiṃ, pucchāvissajjane ca atthanayaṃ; Dassetuṃ āraddhā, yamakaaṭṭhakathā mayā tassa. Sā subahuantarāye, lokamhi yathā anantarāyena; Ayamajja pañcamattehi, tantiyā bhāṇavārehi. Niṭṭhaṃ pattā evaṃ, niṭṭhānaṃ pāpuṇantu sabbepi; Hitasukhanibbattikarā, manorathā sabbasattānanti.
在阿毗达摩藏中
Abhidhammapiṭake