Khandhakapucchāvāro · 篇集问品义注
Khandhakapucchāvāro篇集问章
Pucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā问答注释
§320
320.Upasampadaṃpucchissanti upasampadakkhandhakaṃ pucchissaṃ. Sanidānaṃ saniddesanti nidānena ca niddesena ca saddhiṃ pucchissāmi. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ kati āpattiyoti yāni tattha samukkaṭṭhāni uttamāni padāni vuttāni, tesaṃ samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ uttamapadānaṃ saṅkhepato kati āpattiyo hontīti. Yena yena hi padena yā yā āpatti paññattā, sā sā tassa tassa padassa āpattīti vuccati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ kati āpattiyo’’ti. Dve āpattiyoti ūnavīsativassaṃ upasampādentassa pācittiyaṃ, sesesu sabbapadesu dukkaṭaṃ.
问达上戒者将问达上戒戒律篇。『因缘』者，因缘和缘起，藉由缘起义及缘起品共同指示。『合成戒律条文』者，凡所说为合成、完善的上品戒律条文，实为上品合成戒律条文。简言之，即合成戒律条文中所包含的犯戒种类之数。『犯戒』者，依各条规定所彰显的各类戒律过失。由此，谓之“合成戒律条文包含若干犯戒”。所谓二种犯戒者指二十九岁以下请求达上戒者犯戒，须托悔。其他诸条皆视为恶行为。
Tissoti ‘‘nassantete vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti bhedapurekkhārānaṃ uposathakaraṇe thullaccayaṃ, ukkhittakena saddhiṃ uposathakaraṇe pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ uposathakkhandhake tisso āpattiyo. Ekāti vassūpanāyikakkhandhake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva.
谓之三犯者：于破坏异处观想时犯昏沉罪；在共同行持仪式中犯托悔罪；其余诸条皆属恶行。此为持斋戒律篇中所说三种犯戒。于雨季住戒篇中，仅有一恶行犯戒。
Tissoti bhedapurekkhārassa pavārayato thullaccayaṃ, ukkhittakena saddhiṃ pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ pavāraṇākkhandhakepi tisso āpattiyo.
谓之三犯者：于破坏异处观想的勉止时犯昏沉罪；在共同行持仪式中犯托悔罪；其余诸条皆视为恶行。此为勉止戒律篇中所说三种犯戒。
Tissoti vacchatariṃ uggahetvā mārentānaṃ pācittiyaṃ, rattena cittena aṅgajātachupane thullaccayaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ cammasaṃyuttepi tisso āpattiyo. Bhesajjakkhandhakepi samantā dvaṅgule thullaccayaṃ, bhojjayāguyā pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti evaṃ tisso āpattiyo.
谓之三犯者：口出谩骂舍弃者犯托悔罪；夜间以心念施行肢体接触之邪业时犯昏沉罪；其余诸条皆视为恶行。此为业分支戒律篇中所说三种犯戒。医药戒律篇中：两臂不正立时犯昏沉罪；行供养者犯托悔罪；其余皆属恶行。此为三刑戒犯戒。
Kathinaṃ kevalaṃ paññattimeva, natthi tattha āpatti. Cīvarasaṃyutte kusacīravākacīresu thullaccayaṃ, atirekacīvare nissaggiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo.
只咖提那衣条文系特定规定，故无犯戒。于衣着分支条文，破坏粗布袈裟、净衣等处常犯昏沉罪；于无增额外袈裟犯不应舍弃戒；其他诸条皆视为恶行，此即三刑戒犯。
Campeyyake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva. Kosambaka-kammakkhandhaka-pārivāsikasamuccayakkhandhakesupi ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva.
木钵持有者于达上戒犯一恶行。于国桑比恶业戒律篇及围绕衣具副用品总分支戒律篇中亦犯一恶行。
Samathakkhandhake chandadāyako khiyyati, khiyyanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā dve āpattiyo. Khuddakavatthuke attano aṅgajātaṃ chindati, thullaccayaṃ, romaṭṭhe pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo. Senāsanakkhandhake garubhaṇḍavissajjane thullaccayaṃ, saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhane pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti imā tisso āpattiyo.
于止禅蕴中，给予心欲者为过失，属于巴吉帝亚罪，其他皆为恶行，此为二种过失。于小部篇中，毁坏自身体躯者为严重过失，除毛发之外为巴吉帝亚罪，其余皆为恶行，此为三种过失。于坐具蕴中，废弃重器为严重过失，舍弃僧团居处为巴吉帝亚罪，其余皆为恶行，此亦为三种过失。
Saṅghabhedebhedakānuvattakānaṃ thullaccayaṃ, gaṇabhojane pācittiyanti imā dve āpattiyo. Samācāraṃ pucchissanti vutte vattakkhandhake ekā dukkaṭāpattiyeva. Sā sabbavattesu anādariyena hoti. Tathā pātimokkhaṭṭhapane. Bhikkhunikkhandhake appavāraṇāya pācittiyaṃ, sesesu dukkaṭanti dve āpattiyo. Pañcasatikasattasatikesu kevalaṃ dhammo saṅgahaṃ āropito, natthi tattha āpattīti.
引发僧团分裂者的严重过失及共食时的巴吉帝亚罪，此为二种过失。若询问行为时，止禅蕴有一种恶行过失，即此。它在所有行为中过失极深，故极难违反。巴帝摩卡设立时亦是如此。比库尼部中，破戒为巴吉帝亚罪，其他为恶行罪，共有二种过失。于五百七十七经卷中，仅收录戒法，无此过失故。
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