10. Bhikkhunikkhandhakaṃ · 10. 比库尼篇义注
10. Bhikkhunikkhandhakaṃ10. 比库尼篇集
Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthukathā玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥事缘
§402
402. Bhikkhunikkhandhake – alaṃ gotami mā te ruccīti kasmā paṭikkhipati, nanu sabbesampi buddhānaṃ catasso parisā hontīti? Kāmaṃ honti, kilametvā pana anekakkhattuṃ yācitena anuññātaṃ pabbajjaṃ ‘‘dukkhena laddhā ayaṃ amhehī’’ti sammā paripālessantīti bhaddakaṃ katvā anujānitukāmo paṭikkhipati. Aṭṭhagarudhammakathā mahāvibhaṅgeyeva kathitā.
比库尼律藏篇中记载——「果德弥啊，何以你不喜欢而加以拒绝呢？难道不是因为诸佛的四众弟子皆具足的吗？」这是因贪欲存在，然而当经年累月多次请求而不准许出家时，便以此苦难为由说「此人对我们无益」而真正善巧地保护佛法，出于愿意顺从而拒绝。这段话是根据《八千偈律论》在《大分律》中所述。
§403
403.Kumbhathenakehīti kumbhe dīpaṃ jāletvā tena ālokena paraghare bhaṇḍaṃ vicinitvā thenakacorehi.
所谓罐匠者，即点燃罐形灯火，借其光明探视他家仓库，盗取其中器皿，因而得名为罐匠盗贼。
Setaṭṭhikā nāma rogajātīti eko pāṇako nāḷimajjhagataṃ kaṇḍaṃ vijjhati, yena viddhattā nikkhantampi sālisīsaṃ khīraṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti.
名为白脓疮者，因患病而生，是指一手持刀，插入竹筒中央的溃烂肿块，由于穿刺而脓液外流，甚至外出时无法携带米糜牛奶。
Mañjiṭṭhikā nāma rogajātīti ucchūnaṃ antorattabhāvo. Mahato taḷākassa paṭikacceva āḷinti iminā pana etamatthaṃ dasseti – yathā mahato taḷākassa āḷiyā abaddhāyapi kiñci udakaṃ tiṭṭheyya, paṭhamameva baddhāya pana yaṃ abaddhapaccayā na tiṭṭheyya, tampi tiṭṭheyya; evameva ye ime anuppanne vatthusmiṃ paṭikacceva avītikkamanatthāya garudhammā paññattā. Tesu apaññattesupi mātugāmassa pabbajitattā pañceva vassasatāni saddhammo tiṭṭheyya. Paṭikacceva paññattattā pana aparānipi pañcavassasatāni ṭhassatīti evaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ vassasahassameva ṭhassatīti. Vassasahassanti cetaṃ paṭisambhidāpabhedappattakhīṇāsavavaseneva vuttaṃ. Tato pana uttarimpi sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavavasena vassasahassaṃ, anāgāmivasena vassasahassaṃ, sakadāgāmivasena vassasahassaṃ, sotāpannavasena vassasahassanti evaṃ pañcavassasahassāni paṭivedhasaddhammo ṭhassati. Pariyattidhammopi tāniyeva. Na hi pariyattiyā asati paṭivedho atthi, nāpi pariyattiyā sati paṭivedho na hoti; liṅgaṃ pana pariyattiyā antarahitāyapi ciraṃ pavattissatīti.
名为胭脂风，是一种病状，表现为身体内外异常肿胀。比如大腹部的肿胀，在发病时会非常胀满，虽然即使缠绕紧绷仍可保留较多积水，但初期因未被缠绕支持的地方即刻下陷，但缠绕部分能维持，诸如此类未成熟的病症乃罗列为胀病（比喻为大腹疾）。因未获智慧而发病者，母氏乡间出家后戒律可保持五百年之久；获智慧戒律而保持者，则又可在五百年后继续保持。因此，五百年之久被称为千年时期的最低限度。千年者，基于对三解脱结净尽证量之故，称谓不同。此后还有次第分别为禅灭尽净尽、无来者尽净尽、有漏断尽、入流尽等，其维持法则仍按五百千乘累推，称为五百万年保持法则。同样，经典书籍对其亦明明白白记载。盖以经典记载为准，无经典记载则无循序可循。标志在于经典记载即使失传，仍可经久流布且深为传承不失。
Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthukathā niṭṭhitā. · 玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥事缘已毕。
Bhikkhunīupasampadānujānanakathā允许比库尼达上之说
§404
404.Anujānāmi bhikkhave bhikkhūhi bhikkhuniyo upasampādetunti imāya anupaññattiyā bhikkhū pañcasatā sākiyāniyo mahāpajāpatiyā saddhivihāriniyo katvā upasampādesuṃ. Iti tā sabbāpi ekatoupasampannā nāma ahesuṃ. Ye kho tvaṃ gotamīti iminā ovādena gotamī arahattaṃ pattā.
我承认，比库们，曾由比库们授戒比库尼出家者，因无智慧而未定者，曾经五百年被萨咖界大玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥作为信徒守护，完成了授戒。由此，这些人合成一体，存在为「统一比库尼授戒」。因此，诸位，果德弥由此许可而获得阿拉汉果德。
§409
409.Kammaṃ na karīyatīti tajjanīyādi sattavidhampi kammaṃ na karīyati. Khamāpentīti na puna evaṃ karissāmīti khamāpenti.
所谓“不作业”，是指不作诸如杀生等七种业；而“请宽恕”是表达愿不再复犯，因此表示请求宽恕。
§410
410.Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīnaṃ kammaṃ ropetvā niyyādetunti ettha tajjanīyādīsu ‘‘idaṃ nāma kammaṃ etissā kātabba’’nti evaṃ ropetvā ‘‘taṃ dāni tumheva karothā’’ti niyyādetabbaṃ. Sace pana aññasmiṃ ropite aññaṃ karonti, ‘‘tajjanīyakammārahassa niyassakammaṃ karotī’’ti ettha vuttanayena kāretabbataṃ āpajjanti.
我准许比库们，在比库尼造业后示可出家；此中于胎死等处，谓『此名为应当作的业』，如此造业后，当言『此业当由汝亲自作』，令其出家。若于他处造业他人作，谓『于那胎死业者，作已交付的业』，依此说当令作，此乃不当之事。
§411
411.Kaddamodakenāti ettha na kevalaṃ kaddamodakena, vippasannaudakarajanakaddamādīsupi yena kenaci osiñcantassa dukkaṭameva. Avandiyo so bhikkhave bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena kātabboti bhikkhunupassaye sannipatitvā ‘‘asuko nāma ayyo bhikkhunīnaṃ apasādanīyaṃ dasseti, etassa ayyassa avandiyakaraṇaṃ ruccatī’’ti evaṃ tikkhattuṃ sāvetabbaṃ. Ettāvatā avandiyo kato hoti. Tato paṭṭhāya yathā sāmaṇere disvā na vandanti; evameva disvāpi na vanditabbo. Tena bhikkhunā sammā vattantena bhikkhunupassayaṃ āgantvā vihāreyeva saṅghaṃ vā gaṇaṃ vā ekapuggalaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘bhikkhunisaṅgho mayhaṃ khamatū’’ti khamāpetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ santikaṃ āgantvā ‘‘eso bhikkhu tumhe khamāpetī’’ti vattabbaṃ. Tato paṭṭhāya so vanditabbo. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāraṃ pana kammavibhaṅge vakkhāma.
关于不尊敬，如非但用不尊敬水，亦不敬清净水等，或由某种原因对缠缚者作恶者，不尊敬者，此处谓比库应于比库尼群体中行使不敬指责，聚集于比库尼处，谓『该比库尼本性不善，显不敬相，彼比库遭遭不敬行为令人嫌恶』，应强烈喝责，令其戒除不敬。如是之多不敬事作成。经此训诫后如见学童不敬，即不可敬之。依此理即便见亦不可敬。须由比库以正行来临近比库尼群体或寺院或众人，端坐簇拥，合掌白言『比库尼团体，请原谅我』，应求其原谅。尔后由该比库乳于比库尼前言『此比库请求汝等原谅』，如此而已。此乃简论，后于业分类将详说。
Obhāsentīti asaddhammena obhāsenti. Bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ sampayojentīti bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ purise asaddhammena sampayojenti. Avandiyakaraṇaṃ vuttanayameva. Āvaraṇanti vihārappavesane nivāraṇaṃ . Ovādaṃ ṭhapetunti ettha na bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā ṭhapetabbo. Ovādatthāya pana āgatā bhikkhuniyo vattabbā ‘‘asukā nāma bhikkhunī sāpattikā, tassā ovādaṃ ṭhapemi, mā tāya saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karitthā’’ti. Kāyavivaraṇādīsupi daṇḍakammaṃ vuttanayameva.
「发光」谓以非音乐般声音而鸣响。谓比库尼与男子同修，以非歌曲般声音相应。所谓不敬说法即此。护持则为入寺阻止。不应往比库尼处而保护。为护持之来之比库尼当言『此比库尼病重，与会戒期不符，故我护持，勿与之同行』。于身体陈述等处亦举例处罚。
§413
413.Na bhikkhave bhikkhuniyā ovādo na gantabbotiādi bhikkhunivibhaṅgavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva.
『比库尼不应往护持处』等言，谓此乃比库尼律藏中所说。
§416
416.Phāsukā namentīti gihidārikāyo viya ghanapaṭṭakena kāyabandhanena phāsukā namanatthāya bandhanti. Ekapariyākatanti ekavāraṃ parikkhipanakaṃ.
关于「Phāsukā」谓如居家老妇以密密麻麻髻带束发之谓。「一抛」谓掷一次之意。
Vilīvena paṭṭenāti saṇhehi veḷuvilīvehi katapaṭṭena. Dussapaṭṭenāti setavatthapaṭṭena. Dussaveṇiyāti dussena kataveṇiyā. Dussavaṭṭiyāti dussena katavaṭṭiyā. Coḷapaṭṭādīsu coḷakāsāvaṃ coḷanti veditabbaṃ.
『以竹篾条带』者，以细竹篾所制之条带也。『以布条带』者，以白布条带也。『以布编发』者，以布所编之发辫也。『以布缠发』者，以布所缠之发卷也。在碎布条等诸物之中，布制袈裟应知即是『碎布』。
Aṭṭhillenāti gojaṅghaṭṭhikena. Jaghananti kaṭippadeso vuccati. Hatthaṃ koṭṭāpentīti aggabāhaṃ koṭṭāpetvā morapattādīhi cittālaṅkāraṃ karonti. Hatthakocchanti piṭṭhihatthaṃ. Pādanti jaṅghaṃ. Pādakocchanti piṭṭhipādaṃ.
『以骨饰』者，以牛胫骨所制之饰物也。『腰臀』者，乃指腰部之区域。『令拍手』者，令举起上臂，以孔雀羽等物作彩色装饰也。『手背』者，即手之背面。『脚』者，即小腿也。『脚背』者，即脚之背面也。
§417
417.Mukhalimpanādīni vuttanayāneva. Avaṅgaṃ karontīti akkhī añjantiyo avaṅgadese adhomukhaṃ lekhaṃ karonti. Visesakanti gaṇḍappadese vicitrasaṇṭhānaṃ visesakaṃ karonti. Olokentīti vātapānaṃ vivaritvā vīthiṃ olokenti. Sāloke tiṭṭhantīti dvāraṃ vivaritvā upaḍḍhakāyaṃ dassentiyo tiṭṭhanti. Naccanti naṭasamajjaṃ kārenti. Vesiṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti gaṇikaṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Pānāgāraṃ ṭhapentīti suraṃ vikkiṇanti. Sūnaṃ ṭhapentīti maṃsaṃ vikkiṇanti. Āpaṇanti nānābhaṇḍānaṃ anekavidhaṃ āpaṇaṃ pasārenti. Dāsaṃ upaṭṭhāpentīti dāsaṃ gahetvā tena attano veyyāvaccaṃ kārenti. Dāsīādīsupi eseva nayo. Haritakapakkikaṃpakiṇantīti haritakañceva pakkañca pakiṇanti; pakiṇṇakāpaṇaṃ pasārentīti vuttaṃ hoti.
417. 涂面等，依已说之方式。『作颧彩』者，在颧部以眼线笔向下描画线纹于颧彩之处也。『作面饰』者，在脸颊部位作各种形状之面饰也。『眺望』者，打开窗户眺望街道也。『站在亮处』者，打开门，展现上半身而站立也。『跳舞』者，使人举办舞者之表演集会也。『立妓』者，使人立为妓女也。『设酒肆』者，贩卖酒类也。『设肉摊』者，贩卖肉类也。『店铺』者，展开经营各种货物之多类店铺也。『役使奴仆』者，取得奴仆，令其为自己效劳也。女奴等亦同此理。『散卖青果及熟果』者，散卖青果与熟果二者；即谓展开杂货店铺也。
§418
418.Sabbanīlakādikathā kathitāyeva.
第418条仅述及有关‘蓝色之物’之讲说，无具体解释，表明已阐述或将阐述此类内容。
§419
419.Bhikkhunī ce, bhikkhave, kālaṃ karontītiādīsu ayaṃ pāḷimuttakavinicchayo – sace hi pañcasu sahadhammikesu yo koci kālaṃ karonto ‘‘mamaccayena mayhaṃ parikkhāro upajjhāyassa hotu, ācariyassa hotu, saddhivihārikassa hotu, antevāsikassa hotu, mātu hotu, pitu hotu, aññassa vā yassa kassaci hotū’’ti vadati tesaṃ na hoti, saṅghasseva hoti. Na hi pañcannaṃ sahadhammikānaṃ accayadānaṃ ruhati, gihīnaṃ pana ruhati. Bhikkhu hi bhikkhunivihāre kālaṃ karoti, tassa parikkhāro bhikkhūnaṃyeva hoti. Bhikkhunī bhikkhuvihāre kālaṃ karoti, tassā parikkhāro bhikkhunīnaṃyeva hoti.
第419条论及比库尼受戒与时间安排等规则，采用巴利辩解的方式说明：若在五个同法僧中，若有人负责“时间分配”事，如照顾师长、受戒者、持戒人、访客、亲属等，但若非对五人共用，而仅为家庭所有者，则该职务不成立，不能归于僧团。家众中则承认。比库干扰比库尼住所时间管理者，其管理权归属于比库；比库尼干扰比库住所者，则其管理归属于比库尼。
§420
420.Purāṇamallīti purāṇe gihikāle mallakassa bhariyā. Purisabyañjananti purisanimittaṃ, chinnaṃ vā hotu acchinnaṃ vā, paṭicchannaṃ vā appaṭicchannaṃ vā. Sace etasmiṃ ṭhāne purisabyañjananti cittaṃ uppādetvā upanijjhāyati, dukkaṭaṃ.
第420条阐述了“Purāṇamalli”的起源，意为“婆罗门媳妇”、“旧时家中女”，这里“Purisa-byañjana”指男子的标志或迹象，无论被切除与否、遮盖与否。若在此场所形成此男子标志，会导致心生烦恼，产生不善之感。
§421
421.Attano paribhogatthāya dinnaṃ nāma yaṃ ‘‘tumheyeva paribhuñjathā’’ti vatvā dinnaṃ, taṃ aññassa dadato dukkaṭaṃ. Aggaṃ gahetvā pana dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace asappāyaṃ, sabbaṃ apanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Cīvaraṃ ekāhaṃ vā dvīhaṃ vā paribhuñjitvā dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Pattādīsupi eseva nayo.
第421条说：若某物品为自己的使用而赠予他人，称为“你们自己使用的”。如果把赠品送给别人，产生恶果。握取重要者，应当还给所有者。若情况不合宜，应全部归还。即使是衣物，只使用一两次后便送出，也要归还。刀鞘等亦遵此原则。
Bhikkhūnaṃsannidhiṃ bhikkhunīhi paṭiggāhāpetvāti hiyyo paṭiggahetvā ṭhapitamaṃsaṃ ajja aññasmiṃ anupasampanne asati bhikkhūhi paṭiggāhāpetvā bhikkhunīhi paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Bhikkhūhi paṭiggahitañhi bhikkhunīnaṃ appaṭiggahitakaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati, bhikkhunīnaṃ paṭiggahitampi bhikkhūsu eseva nayo.
比库所处之处，比库尼加以接纳。若今日在他处未降临之地，有比库未被接纳，则须由比库尼供养。被比库接纳的比库尼，依其所受接纳之处立足；比库尼所受接纳，亦循此理运用于比库。
§426
426.Āsanaṃ saṃkasāyantiyo kālaṃ vītināmesunti aññaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā aññaṃ nisīdāpentiyo bhojanakālaṃ atikkāmesuṃ.
座位之间的争夺，俗称时间之争：一方站起时，另一方即欲坐下，这乃进餐时节超时之举。
Aṭṭhannaṃbhikkhunīnaṃ yathāvuḍḍhanti ettha sace pure aṭṭhasu nisinnāsu tāsaṃ abbhantarimā aññā āgacchati, sā attano navakaṃ uṭṭhāpetvā nisīdituṃ labhati. Yā pana aṭṭhahipi navakatarā, sā sacepi saṭṭhivassā hoti, āgatapaṭipāṭiyāva nisīdituṃ labhati. Aññattha sabbattha yathāvuḍḍhaṃ na paṭibāhitabbanti ṭhapetvā bhattaggaṃ aññasmiṃ catupaccayabhājanīyaṭṭhāne ‘‘ahaṃ pubbe āgatā’’ti vuḍḍhaṃ paṭibāhitvā kiñci na gahetabbaṃ; yathāvuḍḍhameva vaṭṭati. Pavāraṇākathā kathitāyeva.
八座比库尼依其年资资历论。如果有比库尼前已坐于八座之中，后来有他人来临，她当让出其新到之座而起立。若此八座之中有人资历较新，且其已达六十岁，依循出入轨迹可以得坐。不然，资历较老者无论在何处皆不得被拒，尽管其坐于有人分配四方座之所，老者自可入座且不必让出；资历较老者维持现状如圆转自如。此乃忏悔仪式所述。
§429
429.Itthiyuttantiādīhi sabbayānāni anuññātāni. Pāṭaṅkinti paṭapoṭṭalikaṃ.
所称女部，谓无一遗漏之全体。帕坦吉，即指社集之座位。
§430
430.Dūtena upasampadā dasannaṃ antarāyānaṃ yena kenaci vaṭṭati. Kammavācāpariyosāne sā bhikkhunī bhikkhunupassaye ṭhitā vā hotu nipannā vā jāgarā vā niddaṃ okkantā vā, upasampannāva hoti. Tāvadeva chāyādīni āgatāya dūtabhikkhuniyā ācikkhitabbāni.
传送者即授具足比库尼的中间期间。在法语一终结时，比库尼立于比库僧团之旁，无论是静坐、行走、睡眠或起床，皆为具足比库尼。唯有从传授者处而来之示告，才须告之已获得具足。
§431
431.Udositoti bhaṇḍasālā. Na sammatīti nappahoti. Upassayanti gharaṃ. Navakammanti saṅghassatthāya bhikkhuniyā navakammampi kātuṃ anujānāmīti attho.
班荟厅，谓聚会所。非合意则不入。进入僧房。新人之举，乃指女众团体之新事，则得被许可以行。
§432
432.Tassā pabbajitāyāti tassā pabbajitakāle. Yāva so dārako viññutaṃ pāpuṇātīti yāva khādituṃ bhuñjituṃ nahāyituñca maṇḍituñca attano dhammatāya sakkotīti attho.
“Tassā pabbajitāyāti”者，谓其于出家时也。其义为：“直至此童子获得觉知，能够依自身修行，而能食饮洗浴，用膳膏身，直至其具足此能，方称‘于此出家时’。”
Ṭhapetvāsāgāranti sahagāraseyyamattaṃ ṭhapetvā. Yathā aññasmiṃ purise; evaṃ dutiyikāya bhikkhuniyā tasmiṃ dārake paṭipajjitabbanti dasseti. Mātā pana nahāpetuṃ pāyetuṃ bhojetuṃ maṇḍetuṃ ure katvā sayituñca labhati.
“Ṭhapetvāsāgāranti”者，安置于室床上。譬如他人之男子；如是，第二比库尼当对该童子修行有所显示。其母则有放浴、抚慰、供食、涂膏、按摩、卧床等恩养之责。
§434
434.Yadeva sā vibbhantāti yasmā sā vibbhantā attano ruciyā khantiyā odātāni vatthāni nivatthā, tasmāyeva sā abhikkhunī, na sikkhāpaccakkhānenāti dasseti. Sā puna upasampadaṃ na labhati.
“Yadeva sā vibbhantāti”者，盖由于彼女耐受自身之喜好与厌恶，安住戒律清净，故谓其为比库尼，非在学尼。且彼女不授具足戒。
Sāāgatā na upasampādetabbāti na kevalaṃ na upasampādetabbā, pabbajjampi na labhati. Odātāni gahetvā vibbhantā pana pabbajjāmattaṃ labhati.
『已来者不得达上』者，不仅不得达上，连出家亦不得。然而，已取白衣后还俗者，仅得出家而已。
Abhivādanantiādīsu purisā pāde sambāhantā vandanti, kese chindanti, nakhe chindanti, vaṇapaṭikammaṃ karonti, taṃ sabbaṃ kukkuccāyantā na sādiyantīti attho. Tatreke ācariyā ‘‘sace ekato vā ubhato vā avassutā honti sārattā, yathāvatthukameva’’. Eke ācariyā ‘‘natthi ettha āpattī’’ti vadanti. Evaṃ ācariyavādaṃ dassetvā idaṃ odissa anuññātaṃ vaṭṭatīti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ. Taṃ pamāṇaṃ. ‘‘Anujānāmi bhikkhave sāditu’’nti hi vacaneneva taṃ kappiyaṃ.
“Abhivādanantiādīsu”者，谓男子之足，供辞礼、拜敬、剪发、修剪指甲，行除垢作业，此皆烦恼所生，诚不宜效仿。对此，某些老师言：“若其单方或双方毛发污秽，应适当清洁之。”另有老师言：“此无过失。”教授者如此说明，故此规矩得以遵守。此为量规。世尊常言：“诸比库，我准许予礼敬。”
§435
435.Pallaṅkena nisīdantīti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdanti. Aḍḍhapallaṅkanti ekaṃ pādaṃ ābhujitvā katapallaṅkaṃ. Heṭṭhā vivaṭe upari paṭicchanneti ettha sace kūpo khato hoti, upari pana padaramattameva sabbadisāsu paññāyati, evarūpepi vaṭṭati.
“Pallaṅkena nisīdantīti”者，谓坐卧用未污垢床榻。半床者，指一足未着地床榻。若地下挖井，床榻不过覆其上，诸处皆可知晓，类此形势亦可生，皆属常例。
§436
436.Kukkusaṃ mattikanti kuṇḍakañceva mattikañca. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
436.『钵』是指钵状容器，『陶器』是指泥土制品，『钵状器』也是泥器的一种。这里所说的都是陶器，而且特别指的是其上缘部位。
Bhikkhunīupasampadānujānanakathā niṭṭhitā. · 允许比库尼达上之说已毕。
Bhikkhunikkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 比库尼篇集注释已毕。