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5. Cammakkhandhako · 5. 皮革篇集义注

29 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
5. Cammakkhandhakaṃ5. 皮革篇集
Soṇakoḷivisavatthukathā索那果离维萨因缘谈
§242
242. Cammakkhandhake – issariyādhipaccanti issarabhāvena ca adhipatibhāvena ca samannāgataṃ. Rajjanti rājabhāvaṃ, raññā kattabbakiccaṃ vā. Soṇo nāma koḷivisoti ettha soṇoti tassa nāmaṃ; koḷivisoti gottaṃ. Pādatalesu lomānīti rattesu pādatalesu sukhumāni añjanavaṇṇāni kammacittīkatāni lomāni jātāni honti. So kira pubbe asītisahassānaṃ purisānaṃ jeṭṭhapuriso hutvā tehi saddhiṃ paccekabuddhassa vasanaṭṭhāne paṇṇasālaṃ katvā attano sassirikaṃ uṇṇapāvārakaṃ paccekabuddhassa pādehi akkamanaṭṭhāne pādapuñchanikaṃ katvā ṭhapesi. Temāsaṃ pana sabbeva paccekabuddhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Ayaṃ tassa ca tesañca asītiyā gāmikasahassānaṃ pubbayogo.
第二百四十二条。皮部——兼有王主之因缘,具备王者的身份与主宰者的地位。具有王者的尊贵身份,承担国王应尽的职责。此处所谓“索诺”,其名出自“拘梨毗索”,意指该人名为索诺,族属为拘梨毗索。所谓“罗摩”是指足底的细毛,为足底皮肤上的细软毛发,色如朱砂,柔软细腻,由内在心念所生。索诺过去曾为八万多年前的长寿男子,与他们同住,曾在一位偏觉佛的住所造了一座叶亭,用自己染朱的帕穿在那偏觉佛的足侧,做了垫足的足垫(足垫指垫在足下供足着之物),诸人均侍奉该偏觉佛。此人及其八万名农民众的前缘就此相会。
Asītigāmikasahassānīti tesu gāmesu vasantānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ asītisahassāni. Kenacideva karaṇīyenāti kenaci karaṇīyena viya; na panassa kiñci karaṇīyaṃ atthi aññatra tassa dassanā. Rājā kira tānipi asītikulaputtasahassāni sannipātāpento ‘‘evaṃ aparisaṅkanto soṇo āgamissatī’’ti sannipātāpesi. Diṭṭhadhammike attheti ‘‘kasivaṇijjādīni dhammena kattabbāni, mātāpitaro dhammena positabbā’’ti evamādinā nayena idhalokahite atthe anusāsitvā. So no bhagavāti so amhākaṃ bhagavā tumhe samparāyike atthe anusāsissatīti attho.
所谓八万农民众,即在那些地方生活的八万贵族子弟。所谓“肯那戒尼夜”,如同某人所应当做的,但除此之外无其他应当做的,仅为得见作缘。国王亦组织这些八万贵族子弟,聚集在一起,互相议论说:“索诺毫无杂念,将至此地。”以此言说聚会。按义见法,即以“如鹦鹉商贾等应做的法,父母亦法应敬重培养”为理,运用此般的教导以利于俗世。所谓“世尊”之意,即为“他是我等尊敬的世尊,今后还将引导我等渡生死之法”。
Bhagavantaṃ paṭivedemīti bhagavantaṃ jānāpemi. Pāṭikāya nimujjitvāti sopānassa heṭṭhā aḍḍhacandapāsāṇe nimujjitvā. Yassa dāni bhante bhagavā kālaṃ maññatīti yassa tesaṃ hitakiriyatthassa bhagavā kālaṃ jānāti. Vihārapacchāyāyanti vihārapaccante chāyāyaṃ. Samannāharantīti pasādavasena punappunaṃ manasi karonti. Bhiyyosomattāyāti bhiyyosomattāya puna visiṭṭhataraṃ dassehīti attho. Antaradhāyatīti adassanaṃ hoti.
所谓“礼敬世尊”,是表示对世尊的礼敬和认识。所谓“帕提迦亚尼木吉提”,意指踏入阶梯之下,浸没于半月形的岩石之中。所谓“现时世尊以此为时间”,即世尊知晓对众生有益的时机。所谓“住处背影”,即在住所背面之阴影中。所谓“具足庄严”,是指反复在心中以庄严安稳的念想修心。所谓“增长坚定”,意为更觉坚定稳定,看得更清楚。所谓“隐藏”,意即不可见。
Soṇassa pabbajjākathā索那出家谈
§243
243.Lohitenaphuṭo hotīti lohitena makkhito hoti. Gavāghātananti yattha gāvo haññanti, tādisoti attho. Kusalo nāma vīṇāya vādanakusalo. Vīṇāya tantissareti vīṇāya tantiyā sare. Accāyatāti atiāyatā kharamucchitā. Saravatīti sarasampannā. Kammaññāti kammakkhamā. Atisithilāti mandamucchanā. Same guṇe patiṭṭhitāti majjhime sare ṭhapetvā mucchitā. Vīriyasamataṃ adhiṭṭhahāti vīriyasampayuttasamataṃ adhiṭṭhāhi, vīriyaṃ samathena yojehīti attho. Indriyānañca samataṃ paṭivijjhāti saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ samataṃ samabhāvaṃ. Tattha saddhaṃ paññāya, paññañca saddhāya, vīriyaṃ samādhinā, samādhiñca vīriyena yojayamāno indriyānaṃ samataṃ paṭivijjha. Tattha ca nimittaṃ gaṇhāhīti tasmiṃ samathe sati, yena ādāse mukhabimbeneva nimittena uppajjitabbaṃ , taṃ samathanimittaṃ vipassanānimittaṃ magganimittaṃ phalanimittañca gaṇhāhi, nibbattehīti attho.
第二百四十三条。所谓“红点敷面”,意为面部涂抹红色颜料。所谓“杀牛”,指屠杀牛只。所谓“善人”,指擅长弹奏琴瑟的人。琴瑟的弦,即指弦乐器的弦。所谓“粗糙”,意为弦粗而突出。所谓“具水分”,表示湿润。所谓“善巧”,意为技艺高超。所谓“过松”,意为弦稍显松弛。所谓“同等品质置于中间弦”,即在中间弦上安放,调节松紧。所谓“志力持守”,表示意志与力量齐备。所谓“根的平衡”,意指信心等各项根能平等稳定。此处所说之“相”,即禅定初培所显现的境相,指禅定中的相缘。所说诸相有止相、观相、道相、果相。此即其义。
§244
244.Aññaṃ byākareyyanti arahā ahanti jānāpeyyaṃ. Cha ṭhānānīti cha kāraṇāni. Adhimutto hotīti paṭivijjhitvā paccakkhaṃ katvā ṭhito hoti. Nekkhammādhimuttotiādi sabbaṃ arahattavasena vuttaṃ. Arahattañhi sabbakilesehi nikkhantattā nekkhammaṃ, teheva pavivittattā paviveko, byāpajjābhāvato abyāpajjaṃ, upādānassa khayante uppannattā upādānakkhayo, taṇhākkhayante uppannattā taṇhakkhayo, sammohābhāvato asammohoti ca vuccati.
第二百四十四条。所谓“变异他造”,是阿拉汉所断杀堪知的变异法。所谓“六处”,即六种缘起因缘。所谓“专责”,意指观察且专注之后坚立于所缘境。所谓“涅槃专责”等诸义,皆是说道在阿拉汉境界中出离一切烦恼,因此称为涅槃。由于出离而生隔离状态,因无缠缚故无缠缚者,因舍离故断舍,因无取故断取,因愿断故断愿,因无迷惑故不迷惑。
Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakanti paṭivedharahitaṃ kevalaṃ paṭivedhapaññāya asammissaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ. Paṭicayanti punappunaṃ karaṇena vuḍḍhiṃ. Vītarāgattāti maggappaṭivedhena rāgassa vigatattāyeva nekkhammasaṅkhātaṃ arahattaṃ paṭivijjhitvā ṭhito hoti. Phalasamāpattivihāreneva viharati, tanninnamānasoyeva hotīti attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo.
所谓“唯以信心为依”,意指没有直接认识,仅依信心而信,是唯以信为凭。所谓“再三增长”,即依行为不断增长。所谓“离染已定”,即指以道之认识断染污,此为称为涅槃的阿拉汉境界。仅在成就果位的清净居止,犹如静止无动。其余条文亦同此法义。
Lābhasakkārasilokanti catupaccayalābhañca tesaṃyeva sukatabhāvañca vaṇṇabhaṇanañca. Nikāmayamānoti icchamāno patthayamāno. Pavivekādhimuttoti viveke adhimutto ahanti evaṃ arahattaṃ byākarotīti attho.
所谓利得、尊重、利益等,属于四种缘起中相应的善良性质及对它们的描述。此处“追求”的意思是意欲、期望,谓生起追随之心。所谓离群上首,指在离群的慧解上升方面表现出最上位的状态,如此说明阿拉汉果德的涵义。
Sīlabbataparāmāsanti sīlañca vatañca parāmasitvā gahitagahaṇamattaṃ. Sārato paccāgacchantoti sārabhāvena jānanto. Abyāpajjādhimuttoti abyāpajjaṃ arahattaṃ byākarotīti attho. Imināva nayena sabbavāresu attho veditabbo.
所谓对戒律的专注,意指珍重并完成戒法的深奥内容。所谓“归来”,是说明了解了过往今生因果营运的道理。所谓无过失上首,表示此无过失状态即是阿拉汉之义。应依此导引在所有章节中理解其涵义。
Bhusāti balavanto. Nevassa cittaṃ pariyādiyantīti etassa khīṇāsavassa cittaṃ gahetvā ṭhātuṃ na sakkonti. Amissīkatanti amissakataṃ. Kilesāhi ārammaṇena saddhiṃ cittaṃ missaṃ karonti, tesaṃ abhāvā amissīkataṃ. Ṭhitanti patiṭṭhitaṃ. Āneñjappattanti acalanappattaṃ. Vayañcassānupassatīti tassa cittassa uppādampi vayampi passati.
所谓世俗,指强有力。因为无漏者之心不能被扰乱、执著、支配。所谓无失,意为无所失落。因为烦恼与心的结合互相破坏,烦恼若无即无失。所谓恒在,等同稳住。所谓不动,指坚定不变。观察其心之生起及消逝。
Nekkhammaṃ adhimuttassāti arahattaṃ paṭivijjhitvā ṭhitassa. Sesapadehipi arahattameva kathitaṃ. Upādānakkhayassāti upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ. Asammohañca cetasoti cittassa ca asammohaṃ adhimuttassa. Disvā āyatanuppādanti āyatanānaṃ uppādañca vayañca disvā. Sammā cittaṃ vimuccatīti sammā hetunā nayena imāya vipassanāya paṭipattiyā phalasamāpattivasena cittaṃ vimuccati, nibbānārammaṇe adhimuccati. Santacittassāti nibbutacittassa. Tādinoti iṭṭhāniṭṭhe anunayapaṭighehi akampiyattā tādī, tassa tādino.
所谓出家上首,是指证得阿拉汉果稳固的解脱。虽然剩余的部分众果中亦称阿拉汉。所谓断执着,是言广义上作为辅助的约定用语。所谓无愚痴之心,意指了知之心属上首。观察六处生灭,见其生起与灭尽。心因正见而解脱,借此禅修观练习得真谛,心得解脱,证入涅槃根本。所谓安定之心,即涅槃境界心。所谓诸如此类,是指此类恒不动、无疑、恒定的性质。
Diguṇādiupāhanapaṭikkhepakathā双层等鞋履遮止谈
§245
245.Aññaṃ byākarontīti arahattaṃ byākaronti. Attho ca vuttoti yena arahāti ñāyati, so attho vutto. Suttattho pana suttavaṇṇanatoyeva gahetabbo. Attā ca anupanītoti ahaṃ arahāti evaṃ byañjanavasena attā na upanīto. Atha ca panidhekacce moghapurisāti aññe pana tucchapurisā hasamānā viya asantameva aññaṃ vacanamattena santaṃ katvā byākaronti. Ekapalāsikanti ekapaṭalaṃ . Asītisakaṭavāheti ettha dve sakaṭabhārā eko vāhoti veditabbo. Sattahatthikañca anīkanti ettha cha hatthiniyo eko ca hatthīti idamekaṃ anīkaṃ. Īdisāni satta anīkāni sattahatthikaṃ anīkaṃ nāma. Diguṇāti dvipaṭalā. Tiguṇāti tipaṭalā. Gaṇaṅguṇūpāhanāti catupaṭalato paṭṭhāya vuccati.
所谓他证,意指证得阿拉汉。意旨所说,是指可明了为阿拉汉的意义,称为文本本义。经藏之意,即应凭借经藏中对文义的讲述来理解。所谓自未随行,意谓此“我”不随其行持。又有若干愚痴人,如愚痴人嬉笑以妄语安慰他人,谓之他证。所谓“一瓣叶”,即一片叶子。所谓三十车下,是指此地有两辆车的货载称为“车”。所谓七手伞具,是指六把伞加一把伞合计七把伞,称作“七手伞”。
Sabbanīlikādipaṭikkhepakathā全蓝色等遮止谈
§246
246.Sabbanīlikāti sabbāva nīlikā. Esa nayo sabbapītikādīsupi. Tattha ca nīlikā umāpupphavaṇṇā hoti, pītikā kaṇikārapupphavaṇṇā, lohitikā jayasumanapupphavaṇṇā , mañjiṭṭhikā mañjiṭṭhavaṇṇā eva, kaṇhā addāriṭṭhakavaṇṇā, mahāraṅgarattā satapadipiṭṭhivaṇṇā, mahānāmarattā sambhinnavaṇṇā hoti paṇḍupalāsavaṇṇā. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘padumapupphavaṇṇā’’ti vuttā. Etāsu yaṃkiñci labhitvā rajanaṃ coḷakena puñchitvā vaṇṇaṃ bhinditvā dhāretuṃ vaṭṭati. Appamattakepi bhinne vaṭṭatiyeva.
所谓普遍蓝色,就是指所有蓝色类。此法导引用于所有黄色类等。在此蓝色中,有似少女花色、黄色之金花瓣色、红色之胜香花色、粉红色之曼陀罗花色、黑色之栗色、深红之大火色、深红之大名色即傍花色。库伦地中称为“莲花颜色”。在这些颜色中,任何取出会被颜料和染料剥离而破碎分散。再细致地分类也会破碎分散。
Nīlakavaddhikāti yāsaṃ vaddhāyeva nīlā. Eseva nayo sabbattha. Etāpi vaṇṇabhedaṃ katvā dhāretabbā. Khallakabaddhāti paṇhipidhānatthaṃ tale khallakaṃ bandhitvā katā. Puṭabaddhāti yonakaupāhanā vuccati, yā yāvajaṅghato sabbapādaṃ paṭicchādeti. Pāliguṇṭhimāti paliguṇṭhitvā katā; yā upari pādamattameva paṭicchādeti, na jaṅghaṃ. Tūlapuṇṇikāti tūlapicunā pūretvā katā. Tittirapattikāti tittirapattasadisā vicittabaddhā. Meṇḍavisāṇavaddhikāti kaṇṇikaṭṭhāne meṇḍakasiṅgasaṇṭhāne vaddhe yojetvā katā. Ajavisāṇavaddhikādīsupi eseva nayo. Vicchikāḷikāpi tattheva vicchikanaṅguṭṭhasaṇṭhāne vaddhe yojetvā katā. Morapiñchaparisibbitāti talesu vā vaddhesu vā morapiñchehi suttakasadisehi parisibbitā. Citrāti vicitrā; etāsu yaṃkiñci labhitvā, sace tāni khallakādīni apanetvā sakkā honti vaḷañjituṃ, vaḷañjetabbā. Tesu pana sati vaḷañjantassa dukkaṭaṃ. Sīhacammaparikkhaṭā nāma pariyantesu cīvare anuvātaṃ viya sīhacammaṃ yojetvā katā. Lūvakacammaparikkhaṭāti pakkhibiḷālacammaparikkhaṭā . Etāsupi yā kāci labhitvā taṃ cammaṃ apanetvā dhāretabbā.
「蓝增者」者,为使蓝色增长而设。于此处,「蓝」为普遍之色。此中亦应作色彩区分而保存。所谓「棱裂系」乃为防止脱落而以剑戟等束缚固定所为。「包裹系」谓遮裹生殖器,覆盖由膝至足全处者。所谓藕鞠皮裹,即在足部上方而非膝盖之处遮盖。装满鹿屎颗粒而制成者为「鹿屎颗粒」。「错排束」者,形如错排之束缚物。「头颅骨加强者」乃于耳后颅骨连接加固所做。即使如「无颅骨加强」等亦同理。期间之缝隙亦依缝指骨连接加固。又称「鸡冠毛刺」者,系于剑戟或类似加固物以绒毛轻微覆盖完备。故若拾取其中颜色不同者,若不拾取剑戟等,则可染色。于此等处,染色者为不善法。名曰「狮皮围脖」,置于袈裟边缘,状如狮皮绕颈而缚。称为「鸟类皮绕脖」。此中若得何种皮质,皆应拾取而持用。
§247
247.Omukkanti paṭimuñcitvā apanītaṃ. Navāti aparibhuttā.
247.去除绳结,解开所带之物。九十未受损坏者。
Ajjhārāmeupāhanapaṭikkhepakathā内室鞋履遮止谈
§248
248.Abhijīvanikassāti yena sippena abhijīvanti, jīvikaṃ kappenti, tassa kāraṇāti attho. Idha kho taṃ bhikkhaveti ettha tanti nipātamattaṃ, idha kho bhikkhave sobheyyāthāti attho. Yaṃ tumheti ye tumhe. Atha vā yadi tumheti vuttaṃ hoti. Yadisaddassa hi atthe ayaṃ nipāto. Ācariyesūtiādimhi pabbajjācariyo, upasampadācariyo, nissayācāriyo, uddesācariyoti ime cattāropi idha ācariyā eva. Avassikassa chabbasso ācariyamatto. So hi catuvassakāle taṃ nissāya vacchati; evaṃ ekavassassa sattavasso, duvassassa aṭṭhavasso, tivassassa navavasso, catuvassassa dasavasso. Imepi ācariyamattā eva . Upajjhāyassa sandiṭṭhasambhattā pana sahāyabhikkhū, ye vā pana keci dasahi vassehi mahantatarā te sabbepi upajjhāyamattā nāma. Ettakesu bhikkhūsu anupāhanesu caṅkamantesu saupāhanassa caṅkamato āpatti.
248.「靠生者」谓以器具等维持生活者,因而得名。此语在比库语中,当仅视为短词。至于「比库当得利益」之意亦含此义。所谓「你们」即指诸比库。或若说「诸位」亦属此涵义。句中若有附加词,义亦同。关于「导师」或等词,指出家导师、受具导师、依止导师、指导导师四种皆同「导师」之谓。对五十五岁以下者称导师,超过四十五岁则视为依止导师;一至四年则称为导师,一至七年,二至八年,三至九年,四至十年。此即导师之等级。助手比库若具备十年资历以上,位居导师之上。无照顾者若有闲步与过失,则称为处分。
§249
249.Pādakhīlābādho nāma pādato khīlasadisaṃ maṃsaṃ nikkhantaṃ hoti.
249.「足刺病」名为足部刺状肌肉外露的病症。
§251
251.Tiṇapādukāti yena kenaci tiṇena katapādukā. Hintālapādukāti khajjūrīpattehi katapādukā; hintālapattehipi na vaṭṭatiyeva. Kamalapādukāti kamalatiṇaṃ nāma atthi, tena katapādukā; usīrapādukātipi vadanti. Kambalapādukāti uṇṇāhi katapādukā. Asaṅkamanīyāti bhūmiyaṃ suppatiṭṭhitā niccalā asaṃhāriyā.
251.「草鞋」即以某种草类编织而成的鞋。名为「椰树叶草鞋」者,以椰枣树叶编织,但椰树叶不适于此用。所谓「莲花鞋」为莲叶名,亦属草鞋。另称「牛鞭鞋」者,以毛毯类制成之鞋。称「不应行走者」,意谓此鞋地面接触静止不动,不能正常活动行走。
§252
252.Aṅgajātaṃ chupantīti aṅgajāteneva aṅgajātaṃ chupanti. Ogāhetvā mārentīti anto udake daḷhaṃ gahetvā mārenti.
252.「肢生所覆」者,所覆仅其自身肢体。所谓「灯烛开灭,魔招」者,比喻终结强水力,盖如以力击退魔障。
Yānādipaṭikkhepakathā关于禁止乘具等的论述
§253
253.Itthiyuttenāti dhenuyuttena. Purisantarenāti purisasārathinā. Purisayuttenāti goṇayuttena. Itthantarenāti itthisārathinā. Gaṅgāmahiyāyāti gaṅgāmahakīḷikāya. Purisayuttaṃ hatthavaṭṭakanti ettha purisayuttaṃ itthisārathi vā hotu, purisasārathi vā vaṭṭati. Hatthavaṭṭakaṃ pana itthiyo vā vaṭṭentu purisā vā, vaṭṭatiyeva. Yānugghātenāti yānaṃ abhiruhantassa sabbo kāyo calati tappaccayā. Sivikanti pīṭhakasivikaṃ. Pāṭaṅkinti vaṃse laggetvā kataṃ paṭapotalikaṃ.
“女子用语”者,依女子用语而言。 “驾牛者”者,乃男车夫也。 “男性用语”者,指男子同群共处者。 “女性驾驭者”者,乃女性车夫也。 “江马女子”者,指江马省的女子。所谓男子相随,即此男子所驾之马车车夫,或男子车夫辗转而行。所谓马车辗轮,女子若作为辗轮,男子若作为车夫,则辗转行驶不止。 “随行加护”者,谓乘坐车马之人全身随之移动,乃依赖之因。 “篦子”者,称作座席篦子。 “竹筒”者,系以竹管编制而成之细片,谓竹制环状物。
§254
254.Uccāsayanamahāsayananānīti ettha uccāsayananti pamāṇātikkantaṃ mañcaṃ. Mahāsayananti akappiyattharaṇaṃ, āsandīādīsu āsandīti pamāṇātikkantāsanaṃ. Pallaṅkoti pādesu vāḷarūpāni ṭhapetvā kato. Gonakoti dīghalomako mahākojavo; caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni. Cittakāti vānacitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇo. Paṭikāti uṇṇāmayo setattharaṇo. Paṭalikāti ghanapupphako uṇṇāmayalohitattharaṇo; yo āmalakapaṭṭotipi vuccati. Tūlikāti pakatitūlikāyeva. Vikatikāti sīhabyagghādirūpavicitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇo. Uddalomīti ekato uggatalomaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ; ‘‘uddhalomī’’tipi pāṭho. Ekantalomīti ubhato uggatalomaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ. Kaṭṭissanti ratanaparisibbitaṃ koseyyakaṭṭissamayaṃ paccattharaṇaṃ . Koseyyanti ratanaparisibbitaṃ kosiyasuttamayaṃ paccattharaṇaṃ; suddhakoseyyaṃ pana vaṭṭati.
“高卧床与大卧床者”谓超出一般尺寸之牀铺。 “大卧床”谓非平坦之坐卧处,或有靠背等高出处,谓尺寸超出常坐卧之处。 “床垫”指用以垫在脚下的织物。 “毛皮”即长毛皮革,毛发颇长而丰厚;其长短相差四指以上。 “花样面”谓花纹繁复的羊毛布披垫。 “块状绒毛”者,密实花团的红狼毛披垫,也称为“阿摩罗羯多花毡”。 “毛刷”谓如笔刷状之羊毛披垫。 “破旧”者,似狮虎等兽皮斑纹毛毡。 “长毛顶端”指其中头部某处长毛。 “单面长毛”谓两侧皆有长毛披垫。 “宝石布”系用宝石丝线织成,称为腰布披垫。 “丝绸布”亦为此类披垫。 “斑驳”指花纹繁杂及色彩不一之披垫。 “中顶”谓单侧隆起的轻毛披垫,“单双顶”乃两侧都有的轻毛披垫。 “织绳”谓以宝石线编绳之腰带。 “丝绸”指宝石丝线所制之丝绸披垫;纯净丝绸为最上乘。
Kuttakanti soḷasannaṃ nāṭakitthīnaṃ ṭhatvā naccanayoggaṃ uṇṇāmayaattharaṇaṃ. Hatthattharaassattharāti hatthiassapiṭṭhīsu attharaṇakaattharaṇā eva. Rathattharepi eseva nayo. Ajinappaveṇīti ajinacammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katā paveṇī. Kadalīmigapavarapaccattharaṇanti kadalīmigacammaṃ nāma atthi, tena kataṃ pavarapaccattharaṇaṃ, uttamapaccattharaṇanti attho. Taṃ kira setavatthassa upari kadalīmigacammaṃ pattharitvā sibbitvā karonti. Sauttaracchadanti saha uttaracchadanena; uparibaddhena rattavitānena saddhinti attho . Setavitānampi heṭṭhā akappiyapaccattharaṇe sati na vaṭṭati, asati pana vaṭṭati. Ubhatolohitakūpadhānanti sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcāti mañcassa ubhatolohitakūpadhānaṃ, etaṃ na kappati. Yaṃ pana ekameva upadhānaṃ ubhosu passesu rattaṃ vā hoti, padumavaṇṇaṃ vā citraṃ vā, sace pamāṇayuttaṃ, vaṭṭati. Mahāupadhānaṃ pana paṭikkhittaṃ.
“编结”者,由十六种结绳所结成可舞之披垫。 “手部披垫”谓披垫仅用于手背部分。 “车上披垫”亦同手部披垫。 “穿穴编织”者,谓用穿穴皮革制成之垫子,长短依床铺尺寸。 “芦苇藤编制之上垫”名为芦苇藤垫,谓用此芦苇藤皮编织成之上垫。 “芦苇藤之上垫”乃最上层之披垫。 按说,有芦苇藤披垫放置于白色垫子上,并绳系固定,意即杂物吊挂之意。 “并盖”指同时覆盖并系绑之物,因夜间遮盖之故称。 白色垫下层若有非正规披垫,则不采用,有则采用。 “双色铁饰披垫”谓头饰披垫及脚饰披垫并用,通常不采用。 有者若仅一处装饰披垫带有红色或莲花色,且尺寸合适,则采用。 大披垫则拒绝较小披垫替代。
Sabbacammapaṭikkhepādikathā关于禁止一切皮革等的论述
§255
255.Dīpicchāpoti dīpipotako. Ogumphiyantīti bhittidaṇḍakādīsu veṭhetvā bandhanti.
“灯撅盖”即照明用之灯罩。 “系夹”者,谓在墙柱等处夹挂并固定绳索之物。
§256
256.Abhinisīditunti abhinissāya nisīdituṃ; apassayaṃ katvā nisīditunti attho. Gilānena bhikkhunā saupāhanenāti ettha gilāno nāma yo na sakkoti anupāhano gāmaṃ pavisituṃ.
“设座”者,谓安坐于垫上。 “远离”者,指坐下而离开原处。 此外,病比库安坐之意,即“病者”谓不能随意出入村落者。
§257
257.Kuraraghareti evaṃnāmake nagare; etenassa gocaragāmo vutto. Papatake pabbateti papatanāmake pabbate; etenassa nivāsanaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ. Soṇoti tassa nāmaṃ. Koṭiagghanakaṃ pana kaṇṇapiḷandhanakaṃ dhāreti, tasmā ‘‘kuṭikaṇṇo’’ti vuccati; koṭikaṇṇoti attho. Pāsādikanti pasādajanakaṃ. Pasādanīyanti idaṃ tasseva atthavevacanaṃ. Uttamadamathasamathanti uttamaṃ damathañca samathañca paññañca samādhiñca kāyūpasamañca cittūpasamañcātipi attho. Dantanti sabbesaṃ visūkāyikavipphanditānaṃ upacchinnattā dantaṃ; khīṇakilesanti attho. Guttanti saṃvaraguttiyā guttaṃ. Santindriyanti yatindriyaṃ. Nāganti āguvirahitaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ me vassānaṃ accayenāti mama pabbajjādivasato paṭṭhāya tiṇṇaṃ vassānaṃ accayena. Upasampadaṃ alatthanti ahaṃ upasampadaṃ alabhiṃ . Kaṇhuttarāti kaṇhamattikuttarā; upari vaḍḍhitakaṇhamattikāti attho. Gokaṇṭakahatāti gunnaṃ khurehi akkantabhūmito samuṭṭhitehi gokaṇṭakehi upahatā. Te kira gokaṇṭake ekapaṭalikā upāhanā rakkhituṃ na sakkonti; evaṃ kharā honti. Eragū, moragū, majjārū, jantūti imā catassopi tiṇajātiyo; etehi kaṭasārake ca taṭṭikāyo ca karonti. Ettha eragūti erakatiṇaṃ; taṃ oḷārikaṃ. Moragūtiṇaṃ tambasīsaṃ mudukaṃ sukhasamphassaṃ, tena katataṭṭikā nipajjitvā vuṭṭhitamatte puna uddhumātā hutvā tiṭṭhati. Majjārunā sāṭakepi karonti. Jantussa maṇisadiso vaṇṇo hoti. Senāsanaṃ paññapesīti bhisiṃ vā kaṭasārakaṃ vā paññapesi; paññapetvā ca pana soṇassa āroceti – ‘‘āvuso satthā tayā saddhiṃ ekāvāse vasitukāmo, gandhakuṭiyaṃyeva te senāsanaṃ paññatta’’nti.
“库拉城”指名为库拉之城镇,亦名“牛车村”。 “回转山”谓以“滚落山”称呼之山丘,亦为住处名。 “索那”为人名。 “耳饰钩”谓佩戴针维系耳饰,故称。又名“小屋耳”。 “美好”指生好之意。 “宜人”谓令人心生喜爱。 “至上驯服平和”意味最高驯服、平和、智慧与禅定、身心安静境界。 “驯服”者,谓断除一切恶心身障。 “束缚”者,指修持戒律之束缚。 “三年岁月满数”者,意谓依出家日而计满三年。 “受具足戒”者,谓己已受具足比库戒。 “黑硝烟土”故称,意指在黑色土地上种田。 “牛栏毁坏”谓因角尖利之牛破坏围栏。围栏仅能防守少数牛,因而损坏。 “鸡鸽、鹭鸶、蛇”者此四种鸟类及动物,具有害兽之性;并有捕食害虫为害农作之事。 “鹭鸶土”即鹭鸶筑巢之土。 “青蟾蜍”常栖安安静静湿润地带,时起时伏。 “黄蟾蜍”者,亦可见布满身上红染斑纹之土。 “精灵”指明亮宝石般颜色。 “马棚”谓供畜生休息之棚舍,能防止恶兽毒虫伤害。 此处说马棚盖好,即比库欲与师父同住一处,盖如香气四溢之木屋马棚也。
§258
258.Ayaṃ khvassa kāloti ayaṃ kho kālo bhaveyya. Paridassīti paridassesi. ‘‘Idañcidañca vadeyyāsīti yaṃ me upajjhāyo jānāpesi, tassa ayaṃ kālo bhaveyya, handa dāni ārocemi taṃ sāsana’’nti ayamettha adhippāyo.
“这是你的时候”者,谓“此即应当为你的时期”。“Paridassīti”即“解释、说明”。意即:“这个这个应当说,唯有我的老师知晓的,这个时节方为合适,故此我现在告知这教法。”此即此处所示之权威所在。
§259
259.Vinayadharapañcamenāti anussāvanācariyapañcamena. Anujānāmi bhikkhave sabbapaccantimesu janapadesu guṇaṅguṇūpāhananti ettha manussacammaṃ ṭhapetvā yena kenaci cammena upāhanā vaṭṭati. Upāhanakosakasatthakosakakuñcikakosakesupi eseva nayo. Cammāni attharaṇānīti ettha pana yaṃkiñci eḷakacammaṃ ajacammañca attharitvā nipajjituṃ vā nisīdituṃ vā vaṭṭati. Migacamme eṇīmigo vātamigo pasadamigo kuraṅgamigo migamātuko rohitamigoti etesaṃyeva cammāni vaṭṭanti. Aññesaṃ pana –
“Vinayadharapañcamena”者,谓遵循『律藏』中关于『五品伺教』。我允许比库们在所有邻近的辖区中,依人类习惯实现功德与不善的规避,及以受用皮革制品。此中意义在于:用以遮体的皮革。皮革者,即皮制物。这里所言“皮革”,包括所有可供覆盖之兽皮,但须合适坐卧使用。野兽之皮,如象皮、鹿皮、风中猛兽皮、野骆驼皮、犴猴皮、红鹿皮等,皆适用。其他皮类——
Makkaṭo kāḷasīho ca, sarabho kadalīmigo;
即猕猴、黑狮以及野牛和豹皮;
Ye ca vāḷamigā keci, tesaṃ cammaṃ na vaṭṭati.
但某些如獾皮之类则不适用。
Tattha vāḷamigāti sīhabyagghaacchataracchā; na kevalañca etesaṃyeva, yesaṃ pana cammaṃ vaṭṭatīti vuttaṃ, te ṭhapetvā avasesā antamaso gomahiṃsasasabiḷārādayopi sabbe imasmiṃ atthe vāḷamigātveva veditabbā. Etesañhi sabbesaṃ cammaṃ na vaṭṭati. Na tāva taṃ gaṇanūpagaṃ yāva na hatthaṃ gacchatīti yāva āharitvā vā na dinnaṃ, tumhākaṃ bhante cīvaraṃ uppannanti pahiṇitvā vā nārocitaṃ, tāva gaṇanaṃ na upeti. Sace anadhiṭṭhitaṃ, vaṭṭati; adhiṭṭhitañca gaṇanaṃ na upetīti attho. Yadā pana ānetvā vā dinnaṃ hoti, uppannanti vā sutaṃ, tato paṭṭhāya dasāhameva parihāraṃ labhatīti.
“Vāḷamigāti”谓狮、豹及其阴影等;此非仅限于此意,而是指那些能用其皮的兽类。此类的皮革未必全部适用。若未充分考察,尚未带到手中或未供养,尊者们的衣物由此导致的违缘暂不计算在内。若未经确定即使用,则该皮革适用;若已确认则此计算不成立。若带回或供养后,确认已经确凿,则可在十日之内获得补救机会。
Cammakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《皮革篇集》的注释完毕。