Senāsanakkhandhakakathāvaṇṇanā · 坐卧处篇集论解释
Senāsanakkhandhakakathāvaṇṇanā住处篇集论说注释
§2827
2827.Āsandikoti caturassapīṭhaṃ. Atikkantapamāṇoti heṭṭhā aṭaniyā vaḍḍhakihatthato uccatarappamāṇapādako. Ekapassato dīgho pana uccapādako na vaṭṭati. Yathāha – ‘‘uccakampi āsandikanti vacanato ekatobhāgena dīghapīṭhameva hi aṭṭhaṅgulādhikapādakaṃ na vaṭṭati, caturassaāsandiko pana pamāṇātikkantopi vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 297).
「阿桑帝咖」者,四方座也。「超越量」者,下方自木匠手肘起,高度超越量之足也。然一边长而高足者不允许。如所说:「由『高亦阿桑帝咖』之语,一边长座即使八指以上之足亦不允许,然四方阿桑帝咖虽超越量亦允许。」
Tathāti iminā ‘‘atikkantapamāṇo’’ti idaṃ paccāmasati. Pañcaṅgapīṭhanti cattāro pādā, apassenanti imehi pañcaṅgehi yuttapīṭhaṃ. Sattaṅganti tīsu disāsu apassaye yojetvā kataṃ. Tañhi catūhi pādehi, tīhi apassehi ca yuttattā ‘‘sattaṅgapīṭha’’nti vuttaṃ. Esa nayo mañcepi. Yathāha – ‘‘sattaṅgo nāma tīsu disāsu apassayaṃ katvā katamañco, ayampi pamāṇātikkanto vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 297).
「如是」者,以此回应「超越量」此语。「五支座」者,四足与靠背,以此五支具足之座也。「七支」者,于三方加靠背而作。彼以四足与三靠背具足故,说为「七支座」。此理于床亦然。如所说:「七支者,名于三方作靠背之床,此亦超越量而允许。」
§2828
2828.Tūlonaddhāti upari tūlaṃ pakkhipitvā baddhā. Ghareyevāti gihīnaṃ geheyeva nisīdituṃ vaṭṭatīti sambandho. ‘‘Nisīditu’’nti imināva sayanaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ. Sīsapādūpadhānanti sīsūpadhānañceva pādūpadhānañca. Ca-saddo pi-saddatthe so ‘‘agilānassā’’ti ettha ānetvā sambandhitabbo, tena agilānassāpi tāva vaṭṭati, pageva gilānassāti dīpeti.
「填塞棉花」者,于上投入棉花而缚。「唯在家中」者,唯在在家者之家中坐允许,此为关联。以「坐」此语,卧即被禁止。「头足枕」者,头枕与足枕也。『与』字作『亦』字义,彼应于「非病者」处引来关联,由此显示非病者亦暂时允许,何况病者。
§2829
2829. Na kevalaṃ gilānassa sīsapādūpadhānameva vaṭṭati, atha kho idampīti dassetumāha ‘‘santharitvā’’tiādi. Upadhānāni santharitvāti bahū upadhānāni attharitvā. Tattha cāti tasmiṃ upadhānasanthare. Paccattharaṇakaṃ datvāti upari paccattharaṇakaṃ attharitvā.
为显示非仅病者头足枕允许,而且此亦允许,故说「铺设」等。「铺设诸枕」者,铺设众多枕也。「于彼」者,于彼枕铺设中。「给予覆布」者,于上铺设覆布。
§2830
2830.Tiriyanti vitthārato. Muṭṭhiratananti pākatikamuṭṭhikaratanaṃ. Taṃ pana vaḍḍhakīnaṃ vidatthimattaṃ. Mitanti pākaṭitaṃ pamāṇayuttaṃ hotīti yojanā. Katthaci potthakesu ‘‘mata’’nti pāṭho dissati, so na gahetabbo. Dīghatoti bimbohanassa dīghato. Diyaḍḍhanti diyaḍḍhahatthaṃ vā dvihatthaṃ vā hotīti kurundiyaṃ vuttanti sambandho. Idameva hi ‘‘sīsappamāṇabimbohana’’nti adhippetaṃ. Yathāha –
「横」者,就宽度而言。「拳尺」者,普通拳尺也。然彼对木匠为一张手量。「量」者,应作「已显示、具足量」之结合。某些书本中见「玛德」之读法,彼不应取。「长」者,就枕之长度而言。「二又半」者,二又半肘或二肘,于古伦地所说,此为关联。此即所意指之「头量枕」。如所说:
‘‘Sīsappamāṇaṃ nāma yassa vitthārato tīsu kaṇṇesu dvinnaṃ kaṇṇānaṃ antaraṃ miniyamānaṃ vidatthi ceva caturaṅgulañca hoti, majjhaṭṭhānaṃ muṭṭhiratanaṃ hoti. Dīghato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ vā dviratanaṃ vāti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ sīsappamāṇassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedo, ito uddhaṃ na vaṭṭati, heṭṭhā pana vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 297).
「头量者,名彼就宽度而言,于三边中二边之间测量时,为一张手与四指,中央处为一拳尺。然就长度而言,于古伦地说为二又半尺或二尺。此为头量之最高限度,超过此不允许,然低于此则允许。」
§2831
2831.Coḷanti pilotikā. Paṇṇanti rukkhalatānaṃ paṇṇaṃ. Uṇṇāti eḷakādīnaṃ lomaṃ. Tiṇanti dabbatiṇādi yaṃ kiñci tiṇaṃ. Vākanti kadaliakkamakacivākādikaṃ. Etehi pañcahi pūritā bhisiyo tūlānaṃ gaṇanāvasā hetugabbhānaṃ etesaṃ pañcannaṃ gabbhānaṃ gaṇanāvasena pañca bhāsitāti yojanā.
「粗布」者,破布也。「叶」者,树与藤之叶也。「羊毛」者,绵羊等之毛也。「草」者,古沙草等,任何草也。「树皮」者,芭蕉皮、竹皮、树皮等也。以此五种充填之褥垫,为棉之计数依处,因此五种为因之内容物,依此五种内容物之计数,说为五种,此为连结。
§2832
2832. Bimbohanagabbhaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘bhisī’’tiādi. Pañcevāti yathāvuttacoḷādipañceva. Tathā tūlāni tīṇipīti ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tīṇi tūlāni rukkhatūlaṃ latātūlaṃ poṭakitūla’’nti (cūḷava. 297) anuññātāni tīṇipi tūlāni. Ettha ca rukkhatūlaṃ nāma simbalirukkhādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci rukkhānaṃ tūlaṃ. Latātūlaṃ nāma khīravalliādīnaṃ yāsaṃ kāsañci vallīnaṃ tūlaṃ. Poṭakitūlaṃ nāma poṭakitiṇādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci tiṇajātikānaṃ antamaso ucchunaḷādīnampi tūlaṃ. Lomāni migapakkhīnanti sīhādicatuppadānaṃ, morādipakkhīnaṃ lomāni. Imeti bhisigabbhādayo ime dasa bimbohanassa gabbhāti sambandho.
为显示褥垫之内容物,故说「褥垫」等。「五种」者,即如前所说之粗布等五种也。如是「三种棉」者,「诸比库,我允许三种棉:树棉、藤棉、草棉」,此为所允许之三种棉也。于此,「树棉」者,名为木棉树等,任何树之棉也。「藤棉」者,名为乳藤等,任何藤之棉也。「草棉」者,名为草棉草等,任何草类,乃至甘蔗穗等之棉也。「兽与鸟之毛」者,狮子等四足兽、孔雀等鸟类之毛也。「此等」者,此等褥垫之内容物等,此十种为褥垫之内容物,此为关联。
§2833
2833. Evaṃ kappiyaṃ bhisibimbohanagabbhaṃ dassetvā idāni akappiyaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘manussaloma’’ntiādi. Lomesu manussalomañca pupphesu bakulapiyaṅgupupphādikaṃ sabbaṃ pupphañca paṇṇesu ca suddhaṃ kevalaṃ tamālapattañca na vaṭṭatīti yojanā. ‘‘Suddha’’nti iminā tamālapattaṃ sesagabbhehi missaṃ vaṭṭatīti byatirekato dīpeti.
如是显示如法之褥垫内容物后,今为显示不如法者,故说「人毛」等。于诸毛中,人毛;于诸花中,巴枯喇花、毕央古花等一切花;于诸叶中,纯粹单独之多罗叶,皆不允许,此为连结。以「纯粹」一词,从反面显示:多罗叶与其余内容物混合则允许。
§2834
2834.Masūraketi cammachavibhisibimbohane.
「玛苏拉咖」者,皮革制之褥垫也。
§2835
2835. ‘‘Suddha’’nti iminā byatirekato dassitamevatthaṃ sarūpato vibhāvetumāha ‘‘missa’’ntiādi.
以「纯粹」一词从反面所显示之义,今为以正面方式阐明,故说「混合」等。
§2836
2836.Tiracchānagatassa vāti antamaso gaṇḍuppādassāpi. Kārentassāti cittakammakaṭṭhakammādivasena kārāpentassa vā karontassa vā.
「畜生之」者,乃至疥癣虫之毛亦然。「令作者」者,或以绘画工作、木工等方式令作,或自作。
§2837
2837.Jātakanti apaṇṇakajātakādijātakañca. Vatthunti vimānavatthuādikaṃ pasādajanakaṃ vā petavatthuādikaṃ saṃvegajanakaṃ vā vatthuṃ. Vā-saddena aṭṭhakathāgataṃ idha dassitapakaraṇaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Parehi vāti ettha vā-saddo avadhāraṇe, tena parehi kārāpetumeva vaṭṭati, na sayaṃ kātunti dīpeti. Sayaṃ kātumpīti ettha api-saddo pageva kārāpetunti dīpeti.
「本生」者,无过失本生等本生也。「事」者,天宫事等能生信之事,或饿鬼事等能生悚惧之事也。以「或」字,摄取注疏中所示之论题。「或由他人」者,此中「或」字为限定义,由此显示:仅许由他人令作,不许自己作也。「或自己作」者,此中「亦」字显示:更许令作也。
§2838
2838.Yo pana bhikkhu dvīhi vassehi vā ekena vā vassena yassa bhikkhuno vuḍḍhataro vā hoti daharataro vā, so tena bhikkhunā samānāsaniko nāma hotīti yojanā.
「若比库以二瓦萨或一瓦萨,较某比库年长或年幼,彼与该比库名为同座者」,应如是连接。
§2839
2839.‘‘Sattavassena pañcavasso’’ti idaṃ dvīhi vassehi vuḍḍhanavakānaṃ samānāsanikatte udāharaṇaṃ. ‘‘Chavassena pañcavasso’’ti idaṃ ekavassena vuḍḍhanavakānaṃ samānāsanikatte udāharaṇaṃ.
「七瓦萨者与五瓦萨者」,此为以二瓦萨年长年幼者之同座性之例示。「六瓦萨者与五瓦萨者」,此为以一瓦萨年长年幼者之同座性之例示。
§2840
2840. Yaṃ tiṇṇaṃ nisīdituṃ pahoti, taṃ heṭṭhā dīghāsanaṃ nāmāti yojanā. ‘‘Samānāsanikā mañce nisīditvā mañcaṃ bhindiṃsu, pīṭhe nisīditvā pīṭhaṃ bhindiṃsū’’ti (cūḷava. 320) āropite vatthumhi ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, duvaggassa mañcaṃ duvaggassa pīṭha’’nti (cūḷava. 320) anuññātattā ‘‘dve’’ti samānāsanike dve sandhāya vuttaṃ.
「足供三人坐者,彼名为长座」,应如是连接。因于「同座者坐于床而破床,坐于椅而破椅」所举之事中,以「诸比库,我允许二人之床、二人之椅」所允许故,说「二」者,系指同座之二人而言。
§2841
2841. Ubhatobyañjanaṃ , itthiṃ, paṇḍakaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbehipi gahaṭṭhehi, pabbajitehi vā purisehi saha dīghāsane nisīdituṃ anuññātanti yojanā. Potthakesu pana katthaci ‘‘sabbesa’’nti sāmivacananto pāṭho dissati, tato ‘‘sabbehipī’’ti karaṇavacanantova pāṭho yuttataro. Karaṇavacanappasaṅge vā sāmivacananiddesoti veditabbaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘yaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pahoti, taṃ saṃhārimaṃ vā hotu asaṃhārimaṃ vā, tathārūpe api phalakakhaṇḍe anupasampannenāpi saddhiṃ nisīdituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 320).
「除两性人、女人、般哒咖外,与一切在家人或出家男子,允许坐于长座」,应如是连接。然于诸写本中,某处见「一切之」为属格词尾之读法,由此「与一切」之具格词尾读法更为适当。或应知:于具格之场合,有属格之指示。如所说:「足供三人者,彼无论可收或不可收,于如是之木板片上,亦许与未达上者共坐。」
§2842
2842.Purimikoti ñattidutiyāya kammavācāya sammatena ‘‘na chandāgatiṃ gaccheyya…pe… gahitāgahitañca jāneyyā’’ti (cūḷava. 317) vuttehi pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā purimavassūpanāyikadivase ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū gaṇetuṃ, paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū gaṇetvā seyyā gaṇetuṃ, seyyā gaṇetvā seyyaggena gāhetu’’ntiādinā (cūḷava. 318) nayena anuññātaniyāmeneva senāsanaggāhāpanaṃ purimiko nāma senāsanaggāho. Evameva pacchimikāya vassūpanāyikadivase senāsanaggāhāpanaṃ pacchimiko nāma. Evameva mahāpavāraṇādivasassa anantaradivase ‘‘bhante, antarāmuttakaṃ senāsanaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā senāsanaggāhāpanaṃ antarāmuttako nāma. Pakāsito ‘‘aparajjugatāya āsāḷhiyāpurimiko gāhāpetabbo, māsagatāya āsāḷhiyā pacchimiko gāhetabbo, aparajjugatāya pavāraṇāya āyatiṃ vassāvāsatthāya antarāmuttako gāhetabbo’’ti (cūḷava. 318) vutto.
「前」者,于前瓦萨入住日,由以白二甘马语认可、具足「不应行向欲贪……乃至……应知已取未取」所说之五支之比库,以「诸比库,我允许先数比库,先数比库已数卧具,数卧具已以卧具次第取」等方式所允许之规定而令取住所,名为前住所取。如是,于后瓦萨入住日令取住所,名为后。如是,于大自恣日之次日,说「尊者,取中间空出之住所」而以长老次第令取住所,名为中间空出。已解说:「于不连续之阿萨荼月,应令取前;于连续之阿萨荼月,应取后;于不连续之自恣,为未来瓦萨住故,应取中间空出。」
§2843
2843. Vuttamevatthaṃ niyametvā dassetumāha ‘‘pubbāruṇā’’tiādi. Idha pāṭipadā nāma dve vassūpanāyikadivasā ceva mahāpavāraṇāya anantaradivaso ca. Imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pāṭipadadivasānaṃ aruṇo pubbāruṇo nāma. Te divase atikkamma dutiyatithipaṭibaddho aruṇo punāruṇo nāma. Idanti ubhayāruṇānantaraṃ. Senāsanagāhakassāti ettha sakatthe ka-paccayo, senāsanaggāhassāti attho. Yathāha – ‘‘idañhi senāsanaggāhassa khetta’’nti. Vassūpagate vassūpagame kātabbe sati, sādhetabbapayojane bhummaṃ. Vassūpagateti vā nimittatthe bhummaṃ. Purimikāya, hi pacchimikāya ca vassūpagamanassa taṃ tadahu senāsanaggāho nimittaṃ, antarāmuttako pana āgamino vassūpagamanassāti evaṃ tividhopi senāsanaggāho vassūpagamanassa nimittaṃ hoti.
2843. 为确定所说之义而说「前黎明」等。此中,所谓「入日」者,即二瓦萨入住日及大自恣之次日。此三入日之黎明,名为「前黎明」。越过彼等日,与第二日相系属之黎明,名为「再黎明」。「此」者,即二黎明之后。「住处取者」中,此处 ka 为自义之接尾词,义为「住处取」。如所说:「此实为住处取之领域」。「瓦萨入住时」者,当作瓦萨入住之时,为应成就之目的,处格。或「瓦萨入住」为目的之处格。前瓦萨及后瓦萨之入住,彼日为住处取之标志;而中间解脱者,则为将来入住之标志。如是三种住处取,皆为瓦萨入住之标志。
§2844
2844. Pāṭipadadivasassa aruṇe uggateyeva senāsane pana gāhite añño bhikkhu āgantvā sace senāsanapaññāpakaṃ senāsanaṃ yācati, so bhikkhu senāsanapaññāpakena ‘‘senāsanaṃ gāhita’’nti vattabboti yojanā.
2844. 入日之黎明升起时,若住处已被取,另一比库来到,若向住处分配者乞求住处,彼比库应被住处分配者告知「住处已被取」,此为连结。
§2845
2845. Vassāvāsassa idaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ, vassaṃvutthānaṃ dātabbacīvaraṃ, gāthābandhavasena ‘‘vassavāsika’’nti rassattaṃ. Saṅghikaṃ apaloketvā gahitaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ cīvaraṃ sace tatrajaṃ tatruppādaṃ hoti, antovasse vibbhantopi labhateti yojanā. ‘‘Tatrajaṃ sace’’ti iminā cassa dāyakānaṃ vassāvāsikapaccayavasena gāhitaṃ pana na labhatīti dīpeti. Yathāha – ‘‘paccayavasena gāhitaṃ pana na labhatīti vadantī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 318).
2845. 「瓦萨住」者,此为瓦萨住者之物,即应施予瓦萨住者之衣。依偈颂之结合,「瓦萨住」为短音。若未求听僧团而取之瓦萨住衣,若为彼处所生、彼处所起者,即使瓦萨中离去亦得,此为连结。以「若彼处所生」此语,显示彼施主以瓦萨住资具之缘而取者,则不得。如所说:「然以资具之缘而取者不得,如是说者」。
§2846-8
2846-8. Sace vutthavasso yo bhikkhu āvāsikahatthato kiñci ticīvarādikaṃ kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ attano gahetvā ‘‘asukasmiṃ kule mayhaṃ gahitaṃ vassāvāsikacīvaraṃ gaṇha’’ iti evaṃ vatvā tassa āvāsikassa datvā disaṃ gacchati pakkamati, so tattha gataṭṭhāne sace uppabbajati gihī hoti, tassa disaṃgatassa sampattaṃ taṃ vassāvāsikaṃ tena tathā dinnampi āvāsiko bhikkhu gahetuṃ na labhati, tassa pāpitaṃ vassāvāsikacīvaraṃ saṅghikaṃyeva siyāti yojanā. Yathāha – ‘‘idha, bhikkhave, vassaṃvuttho bhikkhu vibbhamati, saṅghasseveta’’nti.
2846-8. 若已住瓦萨之比库,从住者手中取某三衣等适当物品,说「于某家族,为我取瓦萨住衣」,如是说后,施予彼住者而往方去,若彼于所到之处还俗成为在家人,彼往方者所得之瓦萨住衣,虽如是施予,住者比库亦不得取,彼所送之瓦萨住衣,应为僧团所有,此为连结。如所说:「诸比库,此中,住瓦萨之比库离去,此为僧团所有」。
§2849
2849. Tasmiṃ kule dāyake manusse sammukhā ce paṭicchāpeti, tassa disaṃgamissa sampattaṃ vassāvāsikacīvaraṃ āvāsiko labhatīti yojanā.
2849. 若于彼家族之施主人前令受取,则往方者所得之瓦萨住衣,住者得之,此为连结。
§2850
2850. Tattha ārāmo nāma pupphārāmo vā phalārāmo vā. Vihāro nāma yaṃ kiñci pāsādādisenāsanaṃ. Vatthūni duvidhassapīti ārāmavatthu, vihāravatthūti duvidhassa vatthūni ca. Ārāmavatthu nāma tesaṃyeva ārāmānaṃ atthāya paricchinditvā ṭhapitokāso, tesu vā ārāmesu vinaṭṭhesu tesaṃ porāṇakabhūmibhāgo. Vihāravatthu nāma tassa patiṭṭhānokāso. Bhisi nāma uṇṇabhisiādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ aññatarā. Bimbohanaṃ nāma vuttappakārānaṃ bimbohanānaṃ aññataraṃ. Mañcaṃ nāma masārako bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādakoti imesaṃ pubbe vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ mañcānaṃ aññataraṃ. Pīṭhaṃ nāma masārakādīnaṃyeva catunnaṃ pīṭhānaṃ aññataraṃ.
2850. 其中,所谓「园」者,即花园或果园。所谓「精舍」者,即任何楼阁等住处。「二种地」者,即园地与精舍地之二种地。所谓「园地」者,即为彼等园之目的而划定安置之场所,或彼等园毁坏时,彼等之旧有地分。所谓「精舍地」者,即彼之基础场所。所谓「褥」者,即羊毛褥等五种之任一。所谓「枕」者,即所说种类之枕之任一。所谓「床」者,即有框架、绑有束带、有转脚、有固定脚,此等前说四种床之任一。所谓「椅」者,即有框架等四种椅之任一。
§2851
2851.Lohakumbhī nāma kāḷalohena vā tambalohena vā yena kenaci lohena katā kumbhī. Kaṭāho pākaṭova. ‘‘Bhāṇaka’’nti alañjaro vuccati. Alañjaroti ca bahuudakagaṇhanikā mahācāṭi, jalaṃ gaṇhituṃ alanti alañjaro. ‘‘Vaṭṭacāṭi viya hutvā thokaṃ dīghamukho majjhe paricchedaṃ dassetvā kato’’ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Vārakoti ghaṭo. Ku vuccati pathavī, tassā dālanato vidāraṇato ‘‘kudālo’’ti ayomayaupakaraṇaviseso vuccati.
「铁瓮」者,谓以黑铁、或赤铜、或任何铁所制之瓮。「锅」者,显然易知。「巴那咖」者,称为阿兰迦罗。阿兰迦罗者,乃能容大量水之大瓮,为取水而来,故名阿兰迦罗。「如圆瓮状,稍作长口,于中央显示周围」,如是于义疏中所说。「瓦拉咖」者,即水瓶。「库」者,称为地,因掘之、破之,故称为「库达罗」,谓铁制工具之特种。
§2852
2852.Valliveḷuādīsu veḷūti mahāveṇu. Tiṇanti gehacchādanaṃ tiṇaṃ. Paṇṇaṃ tālapaṇṇādikaṃ. Muñjanti muñjatiṇaṃ. Pabbajanti pabbajatiṇaṃ, mattikā pakatimattikā vā gerukādipañcavaṇṇā vā mattikā. Āha ca aṭṭhakathācariyo.
「韦卢」等中,「韦卢」者,大竹也。「提那」者,覆屋之草。「叶」者,棕榈叶等。「蒙迦」者,蒙迦草。「巴巴迦」者,巴巴迦草。「泥土」者,本性之泥土,或红土等五色之泥土。注疏师亦说。
§2853
2853.Dveti paṭhamadutiyagarubhaṇḍāni. Dvīhi saṅgahitāni ‘‘āromo, ārāmavatthu, idaṃ paṭhamaṃ. Vihāro, vihāravatthu, idaṃ dutiya’’nti (cūḷava. 321-322) vuttattā. Catusaṅgahanti catūhi bhisiādīhi saṅgaho yassāti viggaho. Navakoṭṭhāsanti lohakumbhiādayo nava koṭṭhāsā assāti viggaho. Aṭṭhadhā valliādīhi aṭṭhahi pakārehi.
「二」者,第一、第二之重物。「为二所摄」者,因说「园、园地,此为第一。精舍、精舍地,此为第二」故。「四所摄」者,为四种皮囊等所摄者,此为分解。「九部分」者,铁瓮等九部分者,此为分解。「八种」者,以韦利等八种方式。
§2854
2854.Itīti nidassanatthe. Evaṃ vuttanayena pañcahi rāsīhi niddiṭṭhānaṃ garubhaṇḍagaṇanānaṃ piṇḍavasena pañcavīsatividhaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ pañcanimmalalocano nātho pakāsayīti yojanā. Pañca nimmalāni locanāni yassāti viggaho, maṃsadibbadhammabuddhasamantacakkhuvasena pañcavidhavippasannalocanoti attho.
「如是」者,为显示之义。如是所说之方式,以五聚所指示之重物计数,以总括而言,二十五种重物,五清净眼之主宣说,此为连结。「五清净眼者」,此为分解,依肉眼、天眼、法眼、佛眼、一切智眼而有五种清净眼,此为义。
§2855
2855.Vissajjentoti issaravatāya parassa vissajjento. Vibhājentoti vassaggena pāpetvā vibhājento. Idañhi sabbampi garubhaṇḍaṃ senāsanakkhandhake (cūḷava. 321) ‘‘avissajjiyaṃ. Kiṭāgirivatthumhi (cūḷava. 322) avebhaṅgiya’’nti ca vuttaṃ. Ubhayattha āgatavohārabhedadassanamukhena tattha vippaṭipajjantassa āpattiṃ dassento āha ‘‘bhikkhu thullaccayaṃ phuse’’ti. Parivāre pana –
「令舍」者,以主权令他人舍。「令分配」者,以舍弃而令分配。此一切重物,于住处篇集中说「不可舍」,于基塔基利地中说「不可破坏」。于两处显示所来用语之差别,为示违犯彼者之罪,故说「比库犯土喇吒亚」。然于附随中——
Avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyaṃ, pañca vuttā mahesinā;
「不可舍、不可破坏,五种为大仙所说;」
Vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa anāpatti;
对于施与者、受用者,无罪。
Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitāti. (pari. 479) –
「此问题由诸善者所思量」——已说。
Āgataṃ. Tasmā mūlacchejjavasena avissajjiyaṃ, avebhaṅgiyañca, parivattanavasena pana vissajjentassa, paribhuñjantassa ca anāpattīti evamettha adhippāyo.
因此,就根本断绝而言,不可施与,不可分配;但就转让而言,对于施与者、受用者,无罪——如是此处之意趣。
§2856
2856.Bhikkhunā puggalena vā saṅghena vā gaṇena vā garubhaṇḍaṃ tu vissajjitaṃ avissaṭṭhameva hoti, vibhattañca avibhājitameva hotīti yojanā.
「由比库个人、或由僧团、或由团体所施与的重物,实为未施与,所分配的实为未分配」——应如是连接。
§2857
2857.Ettha etesu pañcasu garubhaṇḍesu purimesu tīsu agarubhaṇḍakaṃ kiñci na ca atthīti yojanā. Catutthe pana garubhaṇḍe aṭṭhakathāya ‘‘lohakumbhī, lohabhāṇakaṃ, lohakaṭāhanti imāni tīṇi mahantāni vā hontu khuddakāni vā, antamaso pasatamattaudakagaṇhanakānipi garubhaṇḍāniyevā’’ti vuttanayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘lohakumbhī’’tiādi.
此中,「在这五种重物中,前三种中无任何非重物」——应如是连接。但在第四种重物中,为显示注疏所说之方式——「铜瓶、铜锅、铜釜,这三者无论是大的或是小的,乃至仅能容纳一巴萨德量水者,亦皆是重物」——故说「铜瓶」等。
§2858
2858. Idaṃ tividhanti sambandho. Pādagaṇhanakoti ettha pādo nāma magadhanāḷiyā pañcanāḷimattagaṇhanako bhājanaviseso. Bhājanānaṃ pamāṇaṃ karontā sīhaḷadīpe yebhuyyena teneva pādena minanti. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sīhaḷadīpe pādagaṇhanako bhājetabbo’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vuttaṃ. Lohavārakoti kāḷalohatambalohavaṭṭalohakaṃsalohānaṃ yena kenaci kato. Bhājiyoti bhājetabbo.
「此为三种」——应连接。「巴达容量器」者,此中巴达者,名为马嘎达纳离之五纳离量容器之特殊器皿。在锡兰岛,称量诸器皿之量度者,多数以彼巴达称量。因此注疏中说「在锡兰岛应以巴达容量器分配」。「铜制器」者,由黑铜、赤铜、圆铜、青铜中任何一种所制。「应分配」者,应被分配。
§2859
2859.Tato uddhanti tato pādagaṇhanakavārakato uddhaṃ adhikaṃ gaṇhanako. Evaṃ pāḷiāgatānaṃ vinicchayaṃ dassetvā aṭṭhakathāgatānaṃ (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) dassetumāha ‘‘bhiṅgārādīnī’’tiādi. Bhiṅgāro nāma ukkhittahatthisoṇḍākārena katajalaniggamakaṇṇiko uccagīvo mahāmukhaudakabhājanaviseso. Ādi-saddena aṭṭhakathāgatāni ‘‘paṭiggahauḷuṅkadabbikaṭacchupātitaṭṭakasarakasamuggaaṅgārakapalladhūmakaṭacchuādīni khuddakāni vā mahantāni vā’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vuttāni saṅgaṇhāti. Sabbānīti khuddakāni vā mahantāni vā.
「从彼以上」者,从足握持器以上,更多的握持器。如是显示了经文所来的决择后,为显示注疏所来者,说「宾嘎拉等」等。宾嘎拉者,名为以举起象鼻形状所作的出水口耳、高颈、大口的水器特别者。以「等」字,摄取注疏所说「接受器、伍伦咖、达比咖、咖吒朱、巴提德、塔塔咖、萨拉咖、萨穆嘎、安嘎拉咖、巴喇、杜马咖、吒朱等,或小或大」。「一切」者,或小或大。
§2860
2860. Tambathālakā ayathālakā bhājetabbāti yojanā. Ca-saddena aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ṭhapetvā pana bhājanavikatiṃ aññasmimpi kappiyalohabhaṇḍe añjanī añjanisalākā kaṇṇamalaharaṇī sūci paṇṇasūci khuddako pipphalako khuddakaṃ ārakaṇṭakaṃ kuñcikā tāḷaṃ kattarayaṭṭhivedhako natthudānaṃ bhindivālo lohakūṭo lohakuṭṭi lohaguḷo lohapiṇḍi lohaaraṇī cakkalikaṃ aññampi vippakataṃ lohabhaṇḍaṃ bhājiya’’nti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vacanaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Dhūmanettanti dhūmanāḷikā. Ādi-saddena ‘‘phāladīparukkhadīpakapallakaolambakadīpakaitthipurisatiracchānagatarūpakāni pana aññāni vā bhitticchadanakavāṭādīsu upanetabbāni antamaso lohakhilakaṃ upādāya sabbāni lohabhaṇḍāni garubhaṇḍāniyeva hontī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vuttaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
「铜钵、铜盘应分配」,是连接。以「及」字,摄取注疏所说「然除器物变形外,于其他许可的铜器物中,眼药器、眼药棒、耳垢取器、针、叶针、小毕帕喇咖、小阿拉刺、钥匙、锁、咖塔拉棒穿孔器、鼻环、宾地瓦喇、铜锥、铜锤、铜球、铜块、铜锯、吒咖利咖、其他变形的铜器物应分配」之语。「烟管」者,烟筒。以「等」字,摄取所说「然犁灯、树灯、咖巴喇咖、悬挂灯、女人、男人、畜生道形像,或其他应附于墙壁、屋顶、门等者,乃至取铜钉,一切铜器物皆是重物」。
§2861
2861.Attanā paṭiladdhanti ettha pi-saddo luttaniddiṭṭho, attanā paṭiladdhampīti attho. Bhikkhunā attanā paṭiladdhampi taṃ lohabhaṇḍaṃ kiñcipi puggalikaparibhogena na bhuñjitabbanti yojanā.
「自己所得」,此处「亦」字是隐没所指示,意为「自己所得亦」。连接为:比库自己所得的彼铜器物,任何也不应以个人受用而受用。
§2862
2862. Kaṃsavaṭṭalohānaṃ vikārabhūtāni tambamayabhājanānipi puggalikaparibhogena sabbaso paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭantīti yojanā.
连接为:青铜、瓦塔、铜的变形所成的铜制器皿亦完全不许以个人受用而受用。
§2863
2863.Eseva nayoti ‘‘na puggalikabhogenā’’tiādinā dassitanayo. Saṅghikesu vā gihīnaṃ santakesu vā yathāvuttabhaṇḍesu paribhogapaccayā doso na atthīti yojanā. ‘‘Kaṃsalohādibhājanaṃ saṅghassa dinnampi pārihāriyaṃ na vaṭṭati, gihivikatanīhāreneva paribhuñjitabba’’nti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. Ettha ca pārihāriyaṃ na vaṭṭati attano santakaṃ viya gahetvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭatīti. ‘‘Gihivikatanīhārenevaparibhuñjitabba’’nti iminā sace ārāmikādayo paṭisāmetvā paṭidenti, paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatīti dasseti.
「此即方法」者,以「非个人受用」等所显示的方法。连接为:于僧团的或在家人所有的如所说器物中,因受用之缘故,无过失。大注疏说「青铜等器皿,即使施与僧团,不许常用,应仅以在家人所作的借用而受用」。此中「不许常用」者,不许如自己所有般取而受用。以「应仅以在家人所作的借用而受用」,显示若园民等修理后给与,许受用。
§2864
2864.Khīrapāsāṇanti mudukā pāṇajāti. Vuttañhi mātikāṭṭhakathāgaṇṭhipade ‘‘khīrapāsāṇo nāma muduko pāsāṇo’’ti. Garukanti garubhaṇḍaṃ. Taṭṭakādikanti ādi-saddena sarakādīnaṃ saṅgaho. Ghaṭakoti khīrapāsāṇamayoyeva vārako. ‘‘Pādagaṇhanato uddha’’nti iminā pādagaṇhanako agarubhaṇḍanti dīpeti.
「乳石」者,柔软的石类。于母论注疏结文中说「乳石者,名为柔软的石」。「重」者,重物。「塔塔咖等」者,以「等」字,摄取萨拉咖等。「嘎塔咖」者,乳石所作的水瓶。以「从足握持以上」,显示足握持器非重物。
§2865
2865. ‘‘Suvaṇṇarajatahārakūṭajātiphalikabhājanāni gihivikatānipi na vaṭṭanti, pageva saṅghikaparibhogena vā puggalikaparibhogena vā’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘siṅgī’’tiādi. Siṅgīti suvaṇṇaṃ. Sajjhu rajataṃ. Hārakūṭaṃ nāma suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ lohajātaṃ. Phalikena ubbhavaṃ jātaṃ, phalikamayaṃ bhājananti attho. Gihīnaṃ santakānipīti api-saddena gihivikataparibhogenāpi tāva na vaṭṭanti, pageva saṅghikaparibhogena vā puggalikaparibhogena vāti dīpeti. Senāsanaparibhoge pana āmāsampi anāmāsampi sabbaṃ vaṭṭati.
2865. 为了显示注疏中所说「金、银、项链铜、肉豆蔻、水晶制器皿,即使是在家人所有的也不允许,更何况以僧团受用或个人受用」这一方式,故说「金」等。『金』者,黄金也。『银』者,白银也。『项链铜』者,名为金色的铜类金属。『水晶制』者,由水晶所生成的,意为水晶制成的器皿。『在家人所有的』者,以『亦』字显示:即使以在家人所制作的受用,尚且不允许,更何况以僧团受用或个人受用。但在住所受用方面,无论是触犯或未触犯,一切都允许。
§2866
2866.Khuddāti yāya vāsiyā ṭhapetvā dantakaṭṭhacchedanaṃ vā ucchutacchanaṃ vā aññaṃ mahākammaṃ kātuṃ na sakkā, evarūpā khuddakā vāsi bhājanīyā. Mahattarīti yathāvuttappamāṇāya vāsiyā mahantatarā yena kenaci ākārena katavāsi garubhaṇḍaṃ. Vejjānaṃ sirāvedhanakampi ca pharasu tathā garubhaṇḍanti yojanā.
2866. 『小』者,除了切齿木或削竹片之外,无法做其他大工作的那种小刀,这样的小刀是可分配物。『较大』者,比前述尺寸的刀更大的,以任何形式制作的刀,是重物。医师的放血刀和斧头也同样是重物,应如此连接。
§2867
2867.Kuṭhārīti ettha pharasusadisova vinicchayo. Yā pana āvudhasaṅkhepena katā, ayaṃ anāmāsā. Kudālo antamaso caturaṅgulamattopi. Sikharanti dhanurajjuto nāmetvā dāruādīnaṃ vijjhanakakaṇṭako. Tenevāti nikhādaneneva.
2867. 『斧』者,在此与斧头的判定相同。但若是作为武器而制作的,这是未触犯的。『锄』者,即使只有四指长。『尖桩』者,除了弓弦之外,名为穿刺木材等的尖刺。『以此』者,仅以打桩。
§2868
2868. Nikhādanassa bhedavantatāya taṃ vibhajitvā dassetumāha ‘‘caturassamukhaṃ doṇimukha’’nti. Doṇimukhanti doṇi viya ubhayapassena nāmitamukhaṃ. Vaṅkanti aggato nāmetvā katanikhādanaṃ. Pi-saddena ujukaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Tattha cāti tasmiṃ nikhādane. Sadaṇḍaṃ khuddakañca nikhādanaṃ sabbaṃ garubhaṇḍanti yojanā. ‘‘Sadaṇḍaṃ khuddaka’’nti iminā visesanadvayena adaṇḍaṃ phalamattaṃ sipāṭikāya ṭhapetvā pariharaṇayoggaṃ sammajjanidaṇḍavedhanakaṃ nikhādanaṃ agarubhaṇḍaṃ, tato mahantaṃ nikhādanaṃ adaṇḍampi garubhaṇḍanti dīpeti. Yehi manussehi vihāre vāsiādīni dinnāni ca honti, te ce ghare daḍḍhe vā corehi vā vilutte ‘‘detha no, bhante, upakaraṇe puna pākatike karissāmā’’ti vadanti, dātabbā. Sace āharanti, na vāretabbā, anāharantāpi na codetabbā.
2868. 因为打桩有多种分类,为了分别显示它们,故说「四方口、槽口」等。『槽口』者,如槽一般两边弯曲的口。『弯曲』者,从前端弯曲而制作的打桩工具。以『亦』字摄取直的。『在其中』者,在那打桩工具中。有柄的和小的打桩工具,一切都是重物,应如此连接。以「有柄的小」这两个限定词显示:无柄的仅果实部分,除了放在袋中可携带的扫帚柄穿孔器打桩工具是非重物外,比那更大的打桩工具即使无柄也是重物。那些在寺院中布施了刀等的人们,若他们的房屋被烧毁或被盗贼掠夺,说「尊者,请给我们,我们将再制作如前的工具」,应当给予。若他们自己拿取,不应阻止;即使不拿取,也不应催促。
§2869
2869. ‘‘Kammārataṭṭakāracundakāranaḷakāramaṇikārapattabandhakānaṃ adhikaraṇimuṭṭhikasaṇḍāsatulādīni sabbāni lohamayaupakaraṇāni saṅghe dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍāni. Tipukoṭṭakasuvaṇṇakāracammakāraupakaraṇesupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – tipukoṭṭakaupakaraṇesupi tipucchedanasatthakaṃ, suvaṇṇakāraupakaraṇesu suvaṇṇacchedanasatthakaṃ, cammakāraupakaraṇesu kataparikammacammachindanakaṃ khuddakasatthanti imāni bhājanīyabhaṇḍānī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) aṭṭhakathāgataṃ vinicchayekadesaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘muṭṭhika’’ntiādi . Tulādikanti ettha ādi-saddena kattariādiupakaraṇaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
2869. 为了显示注疏中所说判定的一部分「铁匠、铜匠、陶工、竹匠、宝石匠、钵绑匠的砧、锤、钳、秤等一切铁制工具,从布施给僧团之时起,都是重物。在锡匠、金匠、皮革匠的工具中也是同样的方式。但有此差别:在锡匠工具中,切锡刀;在金匠工具中,切金刀;在皮革匠工具中,切已加工皮革的小刀,这些是可分配物」,故说「锤」等。『秤等』者,在此以『等』字摄取剪刀等工具。
§2870
2870. ‘‘Nahāpitatunnakārānaṃ upakaraṇesupi ṭhapetvā mahākattariṃ, mahāsaṇḍāsaṃ, mahāpipphalakañca sabbaṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Mahākattariādīni garubhaṇḍānī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) aṭṭhakathāgataṃ vinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘nhāpitakassā’’tiādi. Nhāpitakassa upakaraṇesu saṇḍāso, mahattarī kattarī ca tunnakārānañca upakaraṇesu mahattarī kattarī ca mahāpipphalakañca garubhaṇḍakanti yojanā.
2870. 为了显示注疏中所说「在理发师、织工的工具中,除了大剪刀、大钳、大梭板之外,一切都是可分配物。大剪刀等是重物」这一判定,故说「理发师的」等。在理发师的工具中,钳、较大的剪刀,以及在织工的工具中,较大的剪刀和大梭板,是重物,应如此连接。
§2871
2871. Ettāvatā catutthagarubhaṇḍe vinicchayaṃ dassetvā idāni pañcamagarubhaṇḍe vinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘vallī’’tiādi. Vettalatādikā valli dullabhaṭṭhāne saṅghassa dinnā vā tattha saṅghassa bhūmiyaṃ jātā, rakkhitā gopitā vā aḍḍhabāhuppamāṇā garubhaṇḍaṃ hotīti yojanā. ‘‘Aḍḍhabāhūti kapparato paṭṭhāya yāva aṃsakūṭa’’nti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. ‘‘Aḍḍhabāhu nāma vidatthicaturaṅgula’’ntipi vadanti. Sace sā valli saṅghakamme, cetiyakamme ca kate atirekā hoti, puggalikakammepi upanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Arakkhitā pana garubhaṇḍameva na hoti.
2871. 至此已示第四重物之判定,今为示第五重物之判定,故说「藤」等。藤者,韦德拉藤等,施与僧团于难得之处,或于彼处僧团之地生起,受守护、受保护,达半臂量者,为重物,应如是连结。「半臂者,自肘端起,至肩峰」,于结文中已说。亦有说「半臂者,名为一张手四指」。若彼藤于僧团作务、塔庙作务作已有余,亦可用于个人作务。然不受守护者,则非重物。
§2872
2872.Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘suttamakacivākanāḷikerahīracammamayā rajjukā vā yottāni vā vāke ca nāḷikerahīre ca vaṭṭetvā katā ekavaṭṭā vā dvivaṭṭā vā saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ. Suttaṃ pana avaṭṭetvā dinnaṃ, makacivākanāḷikerahīrā ca bhājanīyā’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) āgatavinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘suttavākādinibbattā’’tiādi. Vākādīti ādi-saddena makacivākanāḷikerahīracammānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Nātidīghā rajjukā. Atidīghaṃ yottakaṃ.
2872. 为示注疏中所来之判定,故说「由线、藤等所生」等。注疏中言:「线、树皮纤维、椰壳纤维、皮革所制之绳或索,于椰壳纤维中卷作,作成一卷或二卷者,自施与僧团之时起,为重物。然线不卷而施与,树皮纤维、椰壳纤维则应破碎」。藤等者,以「等」字摄取树皮纤维、椰壳纤维、皮革。不过长之绳。过长之索。
§2873
2873. Nāḷikerassa hīre vā makacivāke vā vaṭṭetvā katā ekavaṭṭāpi garubhaṇḍakanti yojanā. Yehi panetāni rajjukayottādīni dinnāni honti, te attano karaṇīyena harantā na vāretabbā.
2873. 于椰子之纤维或树皮纤维中卷作,作成一卷者亦为重物,应如是连结。然由彼等施与此等绳、索等者,彼等以自己之所作事而持去,不应遮止。
§2874
2874. Vaḍḍhakiaṅgulena aṭṭhaṅgulāyato sūcidaṇḍamatto pariṇāhato sīhaḷadīpe lekhakānaṃ lekhanisūcidaṇḍamatto saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhito gopito veḷu garubhaṇḍaṃ siyāti yojanā. ‘‘Yaṃ majjhimapurisassa kaniṭṭhaṅguliyā aggappamāṇaṃ, idaṃ sīhaḷadīpe lekhakānaṃ lekhanisūciyā pamāṇa’’nti vadanti. So ca saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atireko puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati.
2874. 以木匠指八指长、书写针杆粗细、于锡兰岛书写者之书写针杆粗细,施与僧团,或于彼处生起,受守护、受保护之竹,应为重物,应如是连结。有说「中等人之小指尖端之量,此于锡兰岛为书写者之书写针之量」。彼于僧团作务及塔庙作务作已有余,可施与个人作务。
§2875
2875. Daṇḍo ca salākā ca daṇḍasalākā, chattassa daṇḍasalākāti viggaho. Chattadaṇḍo nāma chattapiṇḍi. Chattasalākāti chattapañjarasalākā. Daṇḍoti upāhanadaṇḍako. ‘‘Daṇḍo’’ti sāmaññena vuttepi aṭṭhakathāgatesu sarūpena idhāvutto upāhanadaṇḍoyeva sāmaññavacanena pārisesato gahetabboti. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gaṇhitvā gacchantā na vāretabbā.
2875. 杆与棒为杆棒,伞之杆棒,此为复合。伞杆者,名为伞柄。伞棒者,伞架之棒。杆者,鞋杆。虽以「杆」之通称而说,然于注疏中所来者,以相应之形,于此所说之鞋杆,应以通称之语,由余类而取。烧屋之人取而去者,不应遮止。
§2876
2876.Muñjādīsu gehacchadanārahesu tiṇesu yaṃ kiñci muṭṭhimattaṃ tiṇaṃ vā gehacchadanārahaṃ tālapaṇṇādi ekampi saṅghassa dinnaṃ vā tattha saṅghikabhūmiyaṃ jātaṃ vā garubhaṇḍaṃ siyāti yojetabbā. Tattha muṭṭhimattaṃ nāma karaḷamattaṃ. Idañca karaḷaṃ katvā chādentānaṃ chadanakaraḷavasena gahetabbaṃ. Tālapaṇṇādīti ādi-saddena nāḷikerapaṇṇādigehacchadanapaṇṇānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tampi muñjādi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gahetvā gacchanti, na vāretabbāti.
2876. 于文阇草等适于屋顶覆盖之草中,任何一握量之草,或适于屋顶覆盖之多罗叶等一片,施与僧团,或于彼处僧团之地生起者,应为重物,应如是连结。其中,一握量者,名为一把量。此把,应以覆盖者之覆盖把而取。多罗叶等者,以「等」字摄取椰叶等屋顶覆盖叶。彼文阇草等亦于僧团作务及塔庙作务作已有余,可施与个人作务。烧屋之人取而去,不应遮止。
§2877-8
2877-8.Aṭṭhaṅgulappamāṇoti dīghato aṭṭhaṅgulamatto. Keci ‘‘puthulato’’ti vadanti. Rittapotthakoti lekhāhi suññapotthako, na likhitapotthakoti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgulappamāṇo’’ti iminā aṭṭhaṅgulato ūnappamāṇo bhājiyo, ‘‘rittapotthako’’ti iminā aṭṭhaṅgulato atirekappamāṇopi likhitapotthako bhājiyoti dasseti.
「八指量」者,长度为八指量。有些人说「宽度」。「空贝叶」者,无书写的贝叶,即未书写的贝叶,如是所说。以「八指量」这一词,显示少于八指量者可分;以「空贝叶」这一词,显示超过八指量的已书写贝叶也可分。
‘‘Mattikā pakatimattikā vā hotu pañcavaṇṇā vā sudhā vā sajjurasakaṅguṭṭhasilesādīsu vā yaṃ kiñci dullabhaṭṭhāne ānetvā vā dinnaṃ tatthajātakaṃ vā rakkhitagopitaṃ tālaphalapakkamattaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hotī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) aṭṭhakathāgatavinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘mattikā’’tiādi. Pākatikā vā setagerukādipañcavaṇṇā vāpi mattikāti yojanā. Sileso nāma kabiṭṭhādisileso. Ādi-saddena sajjurasakaṅguṭṭhādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tālapakkapamāṇanti ekaṭṭhitālaphalapamāṇāpi. Tampi mattikādi saṅghakamme, cetiyakamme ca niṭṭhite atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati.
为了显示注疏中所来的判定,故说「泥土」等。「泥土,或是普通泥土,或是五色,或是白垩,或是树胶、赤土、雄黄、石灰等,或是从难得之处取来而施与的,或是在该处所生的,被守护、被保护的,有如多罗果熟量的,是重物」,这是连接。或是普通的,或是白色、红色等五色的泥土,这是连接。「石灰」者,名为木橘等的树胶。以「等」字,摄取树胶、赤土、雄黄等。「多罗果熟量」者,即一个成熟多罗果的量。那泥土等,在僧团甘马、塔庙甘马完成后,剩余的可以施与个人甘马。
§2879-80
2879-80. ‘‘Veḷuādika’’nti padacchedo. Rakkhitaṃ gopitaṃ vāpi gaṇhatā samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā thāvaraṃ antamaso taṃagghanakaṃ vālikameva vā datvā gahetabbanti yojanā.
「竹等」,这是词的分解。被守护的、被保护的,或者取用时,等量或超过的不动产,乃至那价值的沙粒,施与后应取,这是连接。
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘rakkhitagopitaṃ veḷuṃ gaṇhantena samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā thāvaraṃ antamaso taṃagghanakavālikāyapi phātikammaṃ katvā gahetabbo. Phātikammaṃ akatvā gaṇhantena tattheva vaḷañjetabbo, gamanakāle saṅghike āvāse ṭhapetvā gantabbaṃ. Asatiyā gahetvā gatena pana pahiṇitvā dātabbo. Desantaragatena sampattavihāre saṅghikāvāse ṭhapetabbo’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) veḷumhiyeva ayaṃ vinicchayo vutto, idha pana ‘‘valliveḷādikaṃ kiñcī’’ti valliādīnampi sāmaññena vuttattā taṃ upalakkhaṇamattaṃ valliādīsupi yathārahaṃ labbhatīti veditabbaṃ.
然而在注疏中说:「取用被守护、被保护的竹者,应作补偿甘马后取用等量或超过的不动产,乃至那价值的沙粒。不作补偿甘马而取用者,应在该处偿还,行走时应留在僧团住所后离去。若无意中取走者,应送回施与。去往他方者,应留在所到寺院的僧团住所」,这判定仅就竹而说,但此处说「藤、竹等任何物」,因为以总说方式说了藤等,故应知那只是举例,在藤等中也如其所应地可得。
§2881
2881.Añjananti silāmayo. Evaṃ haritālamanosilāpi.
「眼药」者,石制的。如是,雌黄、雄黄也是。
§2882
2882. Dārubhaṇḍe ayaṃ vinicchayo – pariṇāhato yathāvutta sūcidaṇḍappamāṇako aṭṭhaṅguladīgho yo koci dārubhaṇḍako dārudullabhaṭṭhāne saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhitagopito garubhaṇḍaṃ hotīti yojanā.
关于木材物品,这是判定:周围如所说的针杆量、八指长的任何木材物品,在木材难得之处施与僧团的,或在该处所生的,被守护、被保护的,是重物,这是连接。
§2883
2883. Evaṃ kurundaṭṭhakathāya āgatavinicchayaṃ dassetvā mahāaṭṭhakathāya (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) āgataṃ dassetumāha ‘‘mahāaṭṭhakathāya’’ntiādi. Tattha āsandikasattaṅgā vuttalakkhaṇāva. ‘‘Bhaddapīṭha’’nti vettamayaṃ pīṭhaṃ vuccati. Pīṭhikāti pilotikābaddhapīṭhameva.
如是,显示了在《古伦地注疏》中所来的决断之后,为了显示在《大注疏》(《小品注疏》321)中所来的,说「在大注疏中」等。其中,「阿桑地咖萨德昂嘎」即前述所说的特相。「跋达毕塔」者,称为藤制的座椅。「毕提咖」者,即绑有靠垫的座椅。
§2884
2884.Eḷakapādapīṭhaṃ nāma dārupaṭṭikāya upari pāde ṭhapetvā bhojanapallaṅkaṃ viya katapīṭhaṃ vuccati. ‘‘Āmalakavaṭṭakapīṭha’’nti etassa ‘‘āmaṇḍakavaṭṭaka’’nti pariyāyo, tasmā ubhayenāpi āmalakākārena yojitaṃ bahupādakapīṭhaṃ vuccati. Kesuci potthakesu ‘‘tathāmaṇḍakapīṭhaka’’nti pāṭho. Gāthābandhavasena maṇḍaka-saddapayogo. Kocchaṃ bhūtagāmavagge catutthasikkhāpade vuttasarūpaṃ. Palālapīṭhanti nipajjanatthāya katā palālabhisi, iminā kadalipattādimayapīṭhampi upalakkhaṇato dassitaṃ. Yathāha – ‘‘palālapīṭhena cettha kadalipattādipīṭhānipi saṅgahitānī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321). Dhovanephalakanti cīvaradhovanaphalakaṃ, dhovanādisaddānaṃ viyettha vibhattialopo. Imesu tāva yaṃ kiñci khuddakaṃ vā hotu mahantaṃ vā, saṅghassa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Byagghacammaonaddhampi vāḷarūpaparikkhittaṃ ratanaparisibbitaṃ kocchaṃ garubhaṇḍameva.
「伊喇咖巴达毕塔」者,称为在木板上面安置脚,如食用卧榻那样制作的座椅。「阿玛喇咖瓦塔咖毕塔」者,此有「阿曼达咖瓦塔咖」的同义语,因此,以两者任一,称为以庵摩罗果形状连接的多足座椅。在某些书本中,有「德塔阿曼达咖毕塔咖」的读法。依偈颂的连结,使用「曼达咖」一词。「国差」者,在《生物品》第四学处中所说的同样形式。「巴喇喇毕塔」者,为了躺卧而制作的草席,以此也通过暗示显示了由芭蕉叶等制成的座椅。如所说:「在此以草席,也包括了芭蕉叶等座椅」(《小品注疏》321)。「多瓦内帕喇咖」者,衣服洗涤板,在此洗涤等词的格位省略。在这些当中,无论任何小的或大的,施予僧团的是重物。即使是虎皮覆盖的,以猛兽形状围绕的,以宝石镶嵌的床榻,也是重物。
§2885
2885.Bhaṇḍikāti daṇḍakaṭṭhacchedanabhaṇḍikā. Muggaroti daṇḍamuggaro. Daṇḍamuggaro nāma yena rajitacīvaraṃ pothenti. Vatthaghaṭṭanamuggaroti cīvaraghaṭṭanamuggaro, yena anuvātādiṃ ghaṭṭenti. Ambaṇanti phalakehi pokkharaṇisadisaṃ katapānīyabhājanaṃ. Mañjūsā nāma doṇipeḷā. Nāvā poto. Rajanadoṇikā nāma yattha cīvaraṃ rajanti, pakkarajanaṃ vā ākiranti.
「班地咖」者,杖木切割斧。「木嘎罗」者,杖槌。「杖槌」者,即以之捶打染色衣服的。「瓦塔嘎塔纳木嘎罗」者,衣服捶打槌,即以之捶打顺风等的。「安班」者,以木板制作的如莲池般的饮水容器。「曼朱萨」者,即箱笼。「那瓦」者,船。「拉泽纳多尼咖」者,即在其中染衣服的,或倾倒染料的。
§2886
2886.Uḷuṅkoti nāḷikeraphalakaṭāhādimayo uḷuṅko. Ubhayaṃ pidhānasamako samuggo. ‘‘Khuddako parividhano karaṇḍa’’nti vadanti. Karaṇḍo ca pādagaṇhanakato atirekappamāṇo idha adhippeto. Kaṭacchūti dabbi. Ādi-saddena pānīyasarāvapānīyasaṅkhādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ.
「伍伦果」者,椰子壳锅等制成的勺子。「伍巴亚」者,两者都是有盖的桶。说「小的有盖的是咖喇达」。「咖喇达」者,在此指制作有脚的、超过尺寸的。「咖德朱」者,匙。以「阿迪」一词,包括了饮水瓶、饮水螺等。
§2887
2887.Gehasambhāranti gehopakaraṇaṃ. Thambhatulāsopānaphalakādi dārumayaṃ, pāsāṇamayampi imināva gahitaṃ. Kappiyacammanti ‘‘eḷakājamigāna’’ntiādinā (vi. vi. 2650) heṭṭhā dassitaṃ kappiyacammaṃ. Tabbipariyāyaṃ akappiyaṃ. Abhājiyaṃ garubhaṇḍattā. Bhūmattharaṇaṃ katvā paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati.
「给哈桑巴喇」者,房屋用具。柱子、秤、梯子、木板等木制的,以此也包括了石制的。「咖毕亚咖玛」者,以「伊喇咖阿泽米嘎那」等(《律藏》2650)在下面所显示的允许的皮革。其相反的是不允许的。不可分配,因为是重物。制作为地面铺具来受用是允许的。
§2888
2888.Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘eḷakacammaṃ pana paccattharaṇagatikameva hoti, tampi garubhaṇḍamevā’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vuttattā āha ‘‘eḷacammaṃ garuṃ vutta’’nti. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘sabbaṃ mañcappamāṇaṃ cammaṃ garubhaṇḍa’’nti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) vuttaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘paccattharaṇagatikamevā’’ti iminā mañcapīṭhepi attharituṃ vaṭṭatīti dīpeti. ‘‘Pāvārādipaccattharaṇampi garubhaṇḍa’’nti eke, ‘‘no’’ti apare, vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbaṃ. Mañcappamāṇanti ca pamāṇayuttaṃ mañcaṃ. Pamāṇayuttamañco nāma yassa dīghaso nava vidatthiyo tiriyañca tadupaḍḍhaṃ. Uddhaṃ mukhamassāti udukkhalaṃ. Ādi-saddena musalaṃ, suppaṃ, nisadaṃ, nisadapoto, pāsāṇadoṇi, pāsāṇakaṭāhañca saṅgahitaṃ. Pesakārādīti ādi-saddena cammakārādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Turivemādi pesakārabhaṇḍañca bhastādi cammakārabhaṇḍañca kasibhaṇḍañca yuganaṅgalādi saṅghikaṃ saṅghasantakaṃ garubhaṇḍanti yojanā.
因为在注疏中说「然而伊喇咖咖玛只是作为铺具用途的,那也是重物」(《小品注疏》321),所以说「伊喇咖玛说为重物」。然而在《古伦地》中说「一切床榻尺寸的皮革是重物」(《小品注疏》321)。在此,以「只是作为铺具用途的」这一点,显示在床榻座椅上铺设也是允许的。「巴瓦喇等铺具也是重物」,某些人如是说,「不是」,另一些人如是说,应当审察后取用。「床榻尺寸」者,即尺寸相应的床榻。「尺寸相应的床榻」者,即其长度九张手,宽度是那一半。「伍达向木咖玛萨」者,臼。以「阿迪」一词,包括了杵、簸箕、坐垫、坐垫船、石槽、石锅。「贝萨咖喇阿迪」者,以「阿迪」一词,包括了皮革工等。应当连接为:「图利韦玛等是织工的物品,风箱等是皮革工的物品,农耕物品,轭犁等,属于僧团的,僧团所有的,是重物」。
§2889
2889.‘‘Tathevā’’ti iminā ‘‘saṅghika’’nti idaṃ paccāmasati. Ādhārakoti pattādhāro. Tālavaṇṭanti tālavaṇṭehi kataṃ. Veḷudantavilīvehi vā morapiñchehi vā cammavikatīhi vā katampi taṃsadisaṃ ‘‘tālavaṇṭa’’nteva vuccati. Vaṭṭavidhūpanānaṃ tālavaṇṭeyeva antogadhattā ‘‘bījanī’’ti caturassavidhūpanañca ketakapārohakuntālapaṇṇādimayadantamayavisāṇamayadaṇḍakamakasabījanī ca vuccati. Pacchi pākaṭāyeva. Pacchito khuddako tālapaṇṇādimayo bhājanaviseso caṅkoṭakaṃ. Sabbā sammajjanīti nāḷikerahīrādīhi baddhā yaṭṭhisammajjanī, muṭṭhisammajjanīti duvidhā pariveṇaṅgaṇādisammajjanī ca tatheva duvidhā khajjūrināḷikerapaṇṇādīhi baddhā gehasammajjanī cāti sabbāpi sammajjanī garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti.
「同样地」者,以此回应「属于僧团的」这一说法。「持者」者,钵的持者。「多罗扇」者,以多罗扇制成的。或以竹齿编织物、或以孔雀羽、或以皮革制品所制作的任何类似物,都称为「多罗扇」。因为圆形熏香器包含在多罗扇之内,故「扇」者,即四方形熏香器,以及以露兜树叶、昆达拉叶等制成的、以象牙制成的、以角制成的、以棒制成的、以蚊帚制成的扇,都称为扇。「筐」者,是明显的。「小筐」者,比筐小的、以多罗叶等制成的容器特类,称为小筐。「一切扫帚」者,以椰子纤维等捆扎的棒扫帚、手扫帚,这两种用于寺院庭院等的扫帚,同样也是两种,以枣椰、椰子叶等捆扎的房屋扫帚,一切扫帚都是重物。
§2890
2890.Cakkayuttakayānanti hatthavaṭṭakasakaṭādiyuttayānañca.
「有轮之车」者,手推车、牛车等有轮之车。
§2891
2891.Chattanti paṇṇakilañjasetacchattavasena tividhaṃ chattaṃ. Muṭṭhipaṇṇanti tālapaṇṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Visāṇabhājanañca tumbabhājanañcāti viggaho, ekadesasarūpekaseso, gāthābandhavasena niggahitāgamo ca. Visāṇamayaṃ, bhājanaṃ tumbamayaṃ bhājanañcāti attho. Idha ‘‘pādagaṇhanakato atirittappamāṇa’’nti seso. Araṇī araṇisahitaṃ. Ādi-saddena āmalakatumbaṃ anuññātavāsiyā daṇḍañca saṅgaṇhāti. Lahu agarubhaṇḍaṃ, bhājanīyanti attho. Pādagaṇhanakato atirittappamāṇaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ.
「伞」者,依叶伞、布伞、白伞三种而说的伞。「手持叶」者,指多罗叶而说。「角制容器与葫芦制容器」者,这是分解,部分相同余者相同,依偈颂结构而有鼻音增加。意思是:以角制成的容器,以葫芦制成的容器。此处「足握所作的超过尺度的」是省略。「钻火木」者,带有钻火木的。以「等」字,包括余甘子葫芦、允许的衣杖。「轻」者,非重物,意思是可携带的。足握所作的超过尺度的是重物。
§2892
2892.Visāṇanti govisāṇādi yaṃ kiñci visāṇaṃ. Atacchitaṃ yathāgatameva bhājanīyaṃ. Aniṭṭhitaṃ mañcapādādi yaṃ kiñci bhājanīyanti yojanā. Yathāha – ‘‘mañcapādo mañcaaṭanī pīṭhapādo pīṭhaaṭanī vāsipharasuādīnaṃ daṇḍoti etesu yaṃ kiñci vippakatatacchanakammaṃ aniṭṭhitameva bhājanīyaṃ, tacchitamaṭṭhaṃ pana garubhaṇḍaṃ hotī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321).
「角」者,牛角等任何角。「未切割的」者,如其原状即可携带。「未完成的」者,床脚等任何物都可携带,这是连接。如所说:『床脚、床框、椅脚、椅框、刀斧等的柄,这些任何未完成切割工作的未完成物即可携带,但切割完成的则是重物。』
§2893
2893.Niṭṭhito tacchito vāpīti tacchitaniṭṭhitopi. Vidhoti kāyabandhane anuññātavidho. Hiṅgukaraṇḍakoti hiṅgumayo vā tadādhāro vā karaṇḍako. Añjanīti añjananāḷikā ca añjanakaraṇḍako ca. Salākāyoti añjanisalākā. Udapuñchanīti hatthidantavisāṇādimayā udakapuñchanī. Idaṃ sabbaṃ bhājanīyameva.
「已完成的或已切割的」者,即已切割已完成的。「带」者,允许用于身体束缚的带。「阿魏盒」者,以阿魏制成的或盛放阿魏的盒子。「眼药器」者,眼药管与眼药盒。「针」者,眼药针。「水拭」者,以象牙、角等制成的水拭。这一切都仅是可携带物。
§2894
2894.Paribhogārahanti manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogayoggaṃ. Kulālabhaṇḍanti ghaṭapiṭharādikumbhakārabhaṇḍampi. Pattaṅgārakaṭāhanti pattakaṭāhaṃ, aṅgārakaṭāhañca. Dhūmadānaṃ nāḷikā. Kapallikāti dīpakapallikā.
「适合受用的」者,适合人们使用受用的。「陶工之物」者,瓶、罐等陶工制品也是。「钵炭锅」者,钵锅与炭锅。「烟管」者,管子。「小碟」者,灯碟。
§2895
2895.Thupikāti pāsādādithupikā. Dīparukkhoti padīpādhāro. Cayanacchadaniṭṭhakāti pākāracetiyādīnaṃ cayaniṭṭhakā ca gehādīnaṃ chadaniṭṭhakā ca. Sabbampīti yathāvuttaṃ sabbampi anavasesaṃ parikkhāraṃ.
「图毕咖」者,宫殿等之图毕咖。「灯树」者,灯台。「堆砌覆盖砖」者,围墙、塔庙等之堆砌砖,与房屋等之覆盖砖。「一切」者,如所说之一切无余资具。
§2896
2896.Kañcanakoti sarako. Ghaṭakoti pādagaṇhanakato anatirittappamāṇo ghaṭako. ‘‘Yathā ca mattikābhaṇḍe, evaṃ lohabhaṇḍepi kuṇḍikā bhājanīyakoṭṭhāsameva bhajatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) aṭṭhakathānayaṃ saṅgahetumāha ‘‘lohabhaṇḍepi kuṇḍikāpi ca bhājiyā’’ti.
「金制」者,黄金制。「小瓶」者,以足可握持而作、不超过量之小瓶。『如于陶器,于铜器亦然,小水瓶与钵属于应分物』,此为注疏之理趣,为摄集之故说『于铜器,小水瓶与钵亦然』。
§2897
2897.Garu nāma pacchimaṃ garubhaṇḍattayaṃ. Thāvaraṃ nāma purimadvayaṃ. Saṅghassāti saṅghena. Parivattetvāti puggalikādīhi tādisehi tehi parivattetvā. Tatrāyaṃ parivattananayo (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) – saṅghassa nāḷikerārāmo dūre hoti, kappiyakārakā taṃ bahutaraṃ khādanti, tato sakaṭavetanaṃ datvā appameva āharanti, aññesaṃ pana tassa ārāmassa avidūragāmavāsīnaṃ manussānaṃ vihārassa samīpe ārāmo hoti, te saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā sakena ārāmena taṃ ārāmaṃ yācanti, saṅghena ‘‘ruccati saṅghassā’’ti apaloketvā sampaṭicchitabbo. Sacepi bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhasahassaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ pañcasatāni, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ ārāmo khuddako’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ khuddako, atha kho itarato bahutaraṃ āyaṃ deti. Sacepi samakameva deti, evampi icchiticchitakkhaṇe paribhuñjituṃ sakkāti gahetabbameva.
「重物」者,名为最后三种重物。「不动产」者,名为前二种。「属于僧团」者,由僧团。「转换后」者,由个人等如是者转换后。此中转换之法则:僧团有椰子园在远处,净人大量食用彼,由此给予车费后仅运来少许,然而其他住于彼园不远村落之人们,于寺院附近有园,彼等诣僧团后以自己之园请求彼园,僧团应以『僧团许可』求听后接受。即使比库们有千株树,人们有五百株,不应说『汝等之园岂非小』。虽然此小,然而较彼给予更多收益。即使给予同等,如是亦可于所欲之时受用,故应接受。
Sace pana manussānaṃ bahutarā rukkhā honti, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ bahutarā rukkhā’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace ‘‘atirekaṃ amhākaṃ puññaṃ hotu, saṅghassa demā’’ti vadanti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, manussānaṃ rukkhā na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti. Kiñcāpi na gaṇhanti, na cirasseva gaṇhissantīti sampaṭicchitabbameva. Manussānaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, bhikkhūnaṃ na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti. ‘‘Nanu tumhākaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace ‘‘gaṇhatha, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissatī’’ti vadanti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ ārāmena ārāmo parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena ārāmavatthupi vihāropi vihāravatthupi ārāmena parivattetabbaṃ. Ārāmavatthunā ca mahantena vā khuddakena vā ārāmaārāmavatthuvihāravihāravatthūni.
然而若人们有更多树,应说『汝等之树岂非更多』。若彼等说『愿我们有额外功德,我们施予僧团』,告知后可接受。比库们之树结果,人们之树尚未结果。虽然未结,不久将结,故应接受。人们之树结果,比库们之树尚未结果。应说『汝等之树岂非结果』。若彼等说『尊者请取,将成为我们之功德』,告知后可接受。如是应以园转换园。以此同理,园地亦应以园转换,寺院亦应以园转换,寺院地亦应以园转换。以园地,无论大或小,转换园、园地、寺院、寺院地。
Kathaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo? Saṅghassa antogāme gehaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ vihāramajjhe pāsādo, ubhopi agghena samakā, sace manussā tena pāsādena taṃ gehaṃ yācanti, sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ ce mahagghataraṃ gehaṃ hoti, ‘‘mahagghataraṃ amhākaṃ geha’’nti vutte ca ‘‘kiñcāpi mahagghataraṃ, pabbajitānaṃ pana asāruppaṃ, na sakkā tattha pabbajitehi vasituṃ, idaṃ pana sāruppaṃ, gaṇhathā’’ti vadanti, evampi sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace pana manussānaṃ mahagghaṃ hoti, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ gehaṃ mahaggha’’nti vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Hotu, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissati, gaṇhathā’’ti vutte pana sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena vihāravatthupi ārāmopi ārāmavatthupi vihārena parivattetabbaṃ. Vihāravatthunā ca mahagghena vā appagghena vā vihāravihāravatthuārāmaārāmavatthūni. Evaṃ tāva thāvarena thāvaraparivattanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
如何应以寺院转换寺院?僧团于村内有房屋,人们于寺院中有宫殿,二者价值相等,若人们以彼宫殿请求彼房屋,可接受。若比库们之房屋价值更高,说『我们之房屋价值更高』时,若彼等说『虽然价值更高,然而对出家者不适宜,出家者不能住于彼处,此则适宜,请取』,如是亦可接受。然而若人们之房屋价值高,应说『汝等之房屋岂非价值高』。然而说『尊者请便,将成为我们之功德,请取』时,可接受。如是应以寺院转换寺院。以此同理,寺院地亦应以寺院转换,园亦应以寺院转换,园地亦应以寺院转换。以寺院地,无论价值高或价值低,转换寺院、寺院地、园、园地。如是首先应知以不动产转换不动产。
Garubhaṇḍena garubhaṇḍaparivattane pana mañcapīṭhaṃ mahantaṃ vā hotu khuddakaṃ vā, antamaso caturaṅgulapādakaṃ gāmadārakehi paṃsvāgārakesu kīḷantehi katampi saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Sacepi rājarājamahāmattādayo ekappahāreneva mañcasataṃ vā mañcasahassaṃ vā denti, sabbe kappiyamañcā sampaṭicchitabbā, sampaṭicchitvā vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā ‘‘saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā’’ti dātabbā, puggalikavasena na dātabbā. Atirekamañce bhaṇḍāgārādīsu paññapetvā pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitumpi vaṭṭati.
然而以重物转换重物时,床椅无论大或小,乃至四指足之床,由村童于沙屋游戏时所作者,自施予僧团之时起即为重物。即使国王、大臣等一次施予百床或千床,一切如法床应接受,接受后应依长老次第以『以僧团受用而受用』给予,不应以个人方式给予。多余之床于库房等安置后,亦可放置钵衣。
Bahisīmāya ‘‘saṅghassa demā’’ti dinnamañco saṅghattherassa vasanaṭṭhāne dātabbo. Tattha ce bahū mañcā honti, mañcena kammaṃ natthi, yassa vasanaṭṭhāne kammaṃ atthi, tattha ‘‘saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā’’ti dātabbo. Mahagghena satagghanakena, sahassagghanakena vā mañcena aññaṃ mañcasataṃ labhati, parivattetvā gahetabbaṃ. Na kevalaṃ mañcena mañcoyeva, ārāmaārāmavatthuvihāravihāravatthupīṭhabhisibimbohanānipi parivattetuṃ vaṭṭanti. Esa nayo pīṭhabhisibimbohanesupi etesu hi kappiyākappiyaṃ vuttanayameva. Tattha akappiyaṃ na paribhuñjitabbaṃ, kappiyaṃ saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Akappiyaṃ vā mahagghaṃ kappiyaṃ vā parivattetvā vuttavatthūni gahetabbāni, agarubhaṇḍupagaṃ pana bhisibimbohanaṃ nāma natthīti.
在界外「施与僧团」而施与的床,应给与僧团长老的住处。若彼处有多床,则对床无甘马,对有甘马的住处,应以「以僧团共用而受用」给与。以价值百马萨咖或千马萨咖的贵重床,可得其他百床,应转换而取。不仅床换床,园林换园林地、精舍换精舍地、椅换椅、地毯换地毯、佛像换佛像、供养具换供养具,皆允许转换。此规则对椅、地毯、佛像、供养具等亦同。于此等物,如所说方式,有如法与不如法。其中不如法者不应受用,如法者应以僧团共用而受用。不如法或贵重者,应转换如法者而取前述诸物。然而,重物类的地毯、佛像、供养具则不存在。
§2898
2898. Bhikkhu adhotena pādena, allapādena vā senāsanaṃ nakkameti sambandho. Sayanti ettha, āsanti cāti sayanāsanaṃ, parikammakatabhūmattharaṇādi. Allapādena vāti yena akkantaṭṭhāne udakaṃ paññāyati, evarūpena tintapādena. Yathāha – ‘‘allehi pādehīti yehi akkantaṭṭhāne udakaṃ paññāyati, evarūpehi pādehi paribhaṇḍakatabhūmi vā senāsanaṃ vā na akkamitabbaṃ. Sace pana udakasinehamattameva paññāyati, na udakaṃ, vaṭṭatī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 324). Saupāhanoti ettha ‘‘dhotapādaka’’nti vattabbaṃ. Pāde paṭimukkāhi upāhanāhi saupāhano bhikkhu dhotapādakaṃ dhotapādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhānaṃ tatheva na akkameti yojanā.
比库以未洗之足或湿足踏入卧坐处,此为关联。于此,卧于其中、坐于其中者,为卧坐处,即已作预备工作的地面、敷具等。「或以湿足」者,谓以踏处显现水迹的如是湿足。如所说:「以湿足者,谓以踏处显现水迹的如是足,不应踏入已作预备工作的地面或卧坐处。然若仅显现水的湿润,而非水,则允许。」「着鞋」者,于此应说「已洗足者」。比库着鞋,以脱离足的鞋,已洗足者,应以已洗之足踏入应踏之处,如是不踏入,此为连接。
§2899
2899.Parikammakatāyāti sudhādiparikammakatāya. Niṭṭhubhantassāti kheḷaṃ pātentassa. Parikammakataṃ bhittinti setabhittiṃ vā cittakammakataṃ vā bhittiṃ. Na kevalañca bhittimeva, dvārampi vātapānampi apassenaphalakampi pāsāṇatthambhampi rukkhatthambhampi cīvarena vā kenaci vā appaṭicchādetvā apassayituṃ na labhatiyeva. ‘‘Dvāravātapānādayo pana aparikammakatāpi apaṭicchādetvā na apassayitabbā’’ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ.
「已作预备工作」者,谓以石灰等作预备工作。「吐者」谓吐痰者。「已作预备工作的墙」者,白墙或已作彩绘工作的墙。不仅墙,门、窗、背靠板、石柱、木柱,若不以袈裟或其他物遮覆,确实不得靠。然而,在义疏中说:「门、窗等,即使未作预备工作,不遮覆亦不应靠。」
§2901
2901. Niddāyato tassa koci sarīrāvayavo paccattharaṇe saṅkuṭite sahasā yadi mañcaṃ phusati, dukkaṭanti yojanā.
睡眠者,其某身体部分,当敷具卷缩时,若突然触及床,为恶作,此为连接。
§2902
2902.Lomesu mañcaṃ phusantesu. Hatthapādānaṃ talena akkamituṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharantassa kāye paṭihaññati, anāpatti.
「当毛触及床时」。以手足之掌踏入,允许,此为连接。搬出床椅者,触及身体,无犯。
‘‘Dāyakehi ‘kāyena phusitvā yathāsukhaṃ paribhuñjathā’ti dinnasenāsanaṃ, mañcapīṭhādiñca dāyakena vuttaniyāmena paribhuñjantassa doso natthī’’ti mātikaṭṭhakathāya sīhaḷagaṇṭhipade vuttattā tathā paribhuñjantassa anāpatti. ‘‘Imaṃ mañcapīṭhādiṃ saṅghassa dammī’’ti vutte garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, na bhājetabbaṃ saṅghassa parāmaṭṭhattā. ‘‘Imaṃ mañcapīṭhādiṃ bhadantānaṃ vassaggena gaṇhituṃ dammī’’ti vutte satipi garubhaṇḍabhāve kappiyavatthuṃ bhājetvā gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati, akappiyabhaṇḍameva bhājetvā gahetuṃ na labbhati. ‘‘Imaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ vassaggena gahetuṃ saṅghassa dammī’’ti vutte vassaggena bhājetvā gahetabbaṃ vassaggena bhājanaṃ paṭhamaṃ vatvā pacchā saṅghassa parāmaṭṭhattā. ‘‘Saṅghassa imaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ vassaggena gaṇhituṃ dammī’’ti vutte pana garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti paṭhamaṃ saṅghassa parāmaṭṭhattāti ayampi viseso mātikaṭṭhakathā gaṇṭhipadeyeva vutto.
「施者以『以身触而随意受用』而施与的卧坐处,及床椅等,以施者所说规定而受用者,无过失」,因在义疏的僧伽罗义疏中如是说,故如是受用者无犯。若说「此床椅等我施与僧团」,则成重物,不应分配,因属僧团所有。若说「此床椅等我施与尊者们以瓦萨期取用」,虽有重物性,允许分配如法物而取,不允许分配不如法物而取。若说「此床椅我施与僧团以瓦萨期取用」,应以瓦萨期分配而取,因先说以瓦萨期分配,后属僧团所有。然若说「我施与僧团此床椅以瓦萨期取用」,则成重物,因先属僧团所有,此差别亦在义疏的义疏中说。
§2903-4
2903-4. Uddesabhattavinicchayekadesaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘sahassagghanako’’tiādi. Sahassagghanako sacīvaro piṇḍapāto avassikaṃ bhikkhuṃ patto, tasmiṃ vihāre ca ‘‘evarūpo piṇḍapāto avassikaṃ bhikkhuṃ patto’’ti likhitvā ṭhapitopi ca hoti, tato saṭṭhivassānamaccaye tādiso sahassagghanako sacīvaro koci piṇḍapāto sace uppanno hoti, taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ budho vinicchayakusalo bhikkhu avassikaṭṭhitikāya adatvā saṭṭhivassikaṭṭhitikāya dadeyyāti yojanā.
为显示指定食之决判的一部分,故说「千价值者」等。千价值且有衣的钵食到达了病比库,在那寺院中也写着「如此之钵食到达了病比库」而安置,从那时起经过六十年后,若生起了如是千价值且有衣的某钵食,智慧且善于决判的比库不应给予病者的安置,而应给予六十年的安置——此为连结。
§2905
2905.Uddesabhattaṃ bhuñjitvāti upasampannakāle attano vassaggena pattaṃ uddesabhattaṃ paribhuñjitvā. Jāto ce sāmaṇerakoti sikkhāpaccakkhānādivasena sace sāmaṇero jāto. Tanti upasampannakāle gahitaṃ tadeva uddesabhattaṃ. Sāmaṇerassa pāḷiyāti sāmaṇerapaṭipāṭiyā attano pattaṃ pacchā gahetuṃ labhati.
「食用了指定食」者,在达上时以自己的瓦萨所得的指定食受用后。「若成为沙玛内拉」者,若以舍学等方式成为沙玛内拉。「那」者,在达上时所取的那同一指定食。「沙玛内拉的次第」者,以沙玛内拉的次第,得以在后取得自己所得之物。
§2906
2906.Yo sāmaṇero sampuṇṇavīsativasso ‘‘sve uddesaṃ labhissatī’’ti vattabbo, ajja so upasampanno hoti, ṭhitikā atītā siyāti yojanā, sve pāpetabbā sāmaṇeraṭṭhitikā ajja upasampannattā atikkantā hotīti attho, taṃ bhattaṃ na labhatīti vuttaṃ hoti.
那满二十岁的沙玛内拉应被告知「明日将得指定食」,今日他达上了,安置已过去——此为连结。明日应令到达的沙玛内拉的安置,因今日已达上故已超越——此为义。故说「不得那食」。
§2907
2907. Uddesabhattānantaraṃ salākabhattaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘sace panā’’tiādi. Sace salākā laddhā, taṃdine bhattaṃ na laddhaṃ, punadine tassa bhattaṃ gahetabbaṃ, na saṃsayo ‘‘gahetabbaṃ nu kho, na gahetabba’’nti evaṃ saṃsayo na kātabboti yojanā.
为显示指定食之后的筹食,故说「若又」等。若得了筹,那日未得食,次日应取那食,不应有疑「应取耶?不应取耶?」——如是不应作疑,此为连结。
§2908
2908. Uttari uttaraṃ atirekaṃ bhaṅgaṃ byañjanaṃ etassāti uttaribhaṅgaṃ, tassa, atirekabyañjanassāti attho. Ekacarassāti ekacārikassa. Salākāyeva salākikā.
「超过的破坏」者,超过的、额外的、过剩的破坏、副食,此之,即过剩副食之义。「独行者」者,独自行走者。「筹即筹食」。
§2909
2909. Uttaribhaṅgameva uttaribhaṅgakaṃ.
「过剩破坏即过剩破坏物」。
§2910
2910.Yena yena hīti gāhitasalākena yena yena bhikkhunā. Yaṃ yanti bhattabyañjanesu yaṃ yaṃ bhattaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ byañjanaṃ vā.
「以何何」者,以所取筹之何何比库。「何往」者,于饮食中,何饮或何食。
§2911
2911.Saṅghuddesādikanti saṅghabhattauddesabhattādikaṃ. Ādi-saddena nimantanaṃ, salākaṃ, pakkhikaṃ, uposathikaṃ, pāṭipadikanti pañca bhattāni gahitāni.
「僧团指定等」者,僧团食、指定食等。以「等」字摄取邀请、筹、半月、伍波萨他、初日,此五种食。
Tattha sabbasaṅghassa dinnaṃ saṅghabhattaṃ nāma. ‘‘Saṅghato ettake bhikkhū uddisitvā dethā’’tiādinā vatvā dinnaṃ uddesabhattaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghato ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’tiādinā vatvā dinnaṃ nimantanaṃ nāma. Attano attano nāmena salākagāhakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dinnaṃ salākabhattaṃ nāma. Cātuddasiyaṃ dinnaṃ pakkhikaṃ. Uposathe dinnaṃ uposathikaṃ. Pāṭipade dinnaṃ pāṭipadikaṃ. Taṃtaṃnāmena dinnameva tathā tathā voharīyati. Etesaṃ pana vitthārakathā ‘‘abhilakkhitesū’’tiādinā (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 325 pakkhikabhattādikathā) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayena veditabbā. Āgantukādīti ettha ādi-saddena gamikabhattaṃ, gilānabhattaṃ, gilānupaṭṭhākabhattanti tīṇi gahitāni. Āgantukānaṃ dinnaṃ bhattaṃ āgantukabhattaṃ. Eseva nayo sesesu.
其中,施予全僧团者,名为僧团食。说「从僧团指定若干比库后施予」等而施予者,为指定食。说「从僧团取若干比库之食」等而施予者,名为邀请。以各自之名施予取筹比库者,名为筹食。于十四日施予者,为半月食。于伍波萨他日施予者,为伍波萨他食。于初日施予者,为初日食。以彼彼名施予者,即如是如是称呼。然此等之详细说明,应以「于标记者」等注疏中所说半月食等说明之方式了知。「来客等」者,此中以「等」字摄取行者食、病者食、看病者食此三种。施予来客之食,为来客食。其余亦同此理。
§2912
2912.Vihāranti vihārabhattaṃ uttarapadalopena, vihāre tatruppādabhattassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vārabhattanti dubbhikkhasamaye ‘‘vārena bhikkhū jaggissāmā’’ti dhuragehato paṭṭhāya dinnaṃ. Niccanti niccabhattaṃ uttarapadalopena, tañca tathā vatvāva dinnaṃ. Kuṭibhattaṃ nāma saṅghassa āvāsaṃ katvā ‘‘amhākaṃ senāsanavāsino amhākaṃ bhattaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti dinnaṃ. Pannarasavidhaṃ sabbameva bhattaṃ idha imasmiṃ senāsanakkhandhake uddiṭṭhaṃ kathitaṃ. Etesaṃ vitthāravinicchayo atthikehi samantapāsādikāya gahetabbo.
「住处」者,住处食,省略后词,此为住处所生食之同义语。「轮番食」者,于饥馑时「以轮番养活比库」而从施主家开始施予。「常」者,常食,省略后词,彼即如是说而施予。库提食者,名为为僧团建造住所后「我等住所之住者取我等之食」而施予。十五种一切食,于此住所篇集中已宣说、已解说。此等之详细判别,有需要者应从《善见律注》中取得。
§2913
2913. Paccayabhājane micchāpaṭipattiyā mahādīnavattā appamatteneva paṭipajjitabbanti paccayabhājanakaṃ anusāsanto āha ‘‘pāḷi’’ntiādi.
因于资具分配中邪行有大过患,故应以不放逸而行,教诫资具分配时说「巴利」等。
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