Bhesajjakkhandhakakathāvaṇṇanā · 药篇集论解释
Bhesajjakkhandhakakathāvaṇṇanā药篇集注疏阐释
§2665
2665. Gahapatissa bhūmi, sammutibhūmi, ussāvanantikābhūmi, gonisādibhūmīti kappiyabhūmiyo catasso hontīti vuttā bhagavatāti yojanā.
「居士地、认可地、举砖边际地、牛卧处等地」,此四种净地为世尊所说,如是应连接。
§2666
2666. Kathaṃ kappiyaṃ kattabbanti ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catasso kappiyabhūmiyo ussāvanantikaṃ gonisādikaṃ gahapatiṃ sammuti’’nti (mahāva. 295) evaṃ catasso bhūmiyo uddharitvā tāsaṃ sāmaññalakkhaṇaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘saṅghassā’’tiādi. Saṅghassa santakaṃ vāsatthāya kataṃ gehaṃ vā bhikkhuno santakaṃ vāsatthāya kataṃ gehaṃ vāti yojanā. Kappiyaṃ kattabbanti kappiyaṭṭhānaṃ kattabbaṃ. Sahaseyyappahonakanti sabbacchannaparicchannādilakkhaṇena sahaseyyārahaṃ.
「如何作净?」——「诸比库,我允许四种净地:举砖边际、牛卧处、居士、认可」,如是举出四种地后,为显示它们的共相而说「属于僧团的」等。应连接为:属于僧团的、为住处而造的房屋,或属于比库的、为住处而造的房屋。「应作净」者,应作净处。「适合共宿的」者,以一切覆盖、围绕等相为特征而适合共宿。
§2667
2667. Idāni catassopi bhūmiyo sarūpato dassetumāha ‘‘ṭhapetvā’’tiādi. Bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā aññehi kappiyabhūmiyā atthāya dinnaṃ vā tesaṃ santakaṃ vā yaṃ gehaṃ, idaṃ eva gahapatibhūmi nāmāti yojanā.
现在为如实显示四种地而说「除了」等。除了比库之外,由其他人为净地之目的而给予的,或属于他们的房屋,此即名为居士地,如是应连接。
§2668
2668.Yā pana kuṭi saṅghena sammatā ñattidutiyāya kammavācāya, sā sammutikā nāma. Tassā sammannanakāle kammavācaṃ avatvā apalokanaṃ vā kātuṃ vaṭṭatevāti yojanā.
凡由僧团以白二甘马语认可的小屋,彼名为认可地。在认可时,不说甘马语而作求听也是允许的,如是应连接。
§2669-70
2669-70. Paṭhamaiṭṭhakāya vā paṭhamapāsāṇassa vā paṭhamatthambhassa vā ādi-ggahaṇena paṭhamabhittipādassa vā ṭhapane paresu manussesu ukkhipitvā ṭhapentesu samantato parivāretvā ‘‘kappiyakuṭiṃ karoma, kappiyakuṭiṃ karomā’’ti abhikkhaṇaṃ vadantehi āmasitvā vā sayameva ukkhipitvā vā iṭṭhakā ṭhapeyya pāsāṇo vā thambho vā bhittipādo vā ṭhapeyya ṭhapetabbo, ayaṃ ussāvanantikā kuṭīti yojanā.
在安置第一块砖、或第一块石、或第一根柱时,以「等」字摄取第一墙基,当其他人举起而安置时,围绕周围,不断地说「我们作净屋,我们作净屋」而触摸,或自己举起而安置砖,或应安置石、或柱、或墙基,此即举砖边际小屋,如是应连接。
§2671
2671.Iṭṭhakādipatiṭṭhānanti paṭhamiṭṭhakādīnaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhānaṃ. Vadatanti ‘‘kappiyakuṭiṃ karoma, kappiyakuṭiṃ karomā’’ti vadantānaṃ. Samakālaṃ tu vaṭṭatīti ekakālaṃ vaṭṭati, iminā ‘‘sace hi aniṭṭhite vacane thambho patiṭṭhāti, appatiṭṭhite vā tasmiṃ vacanaṃ niṭṭhāti, akatā hoti kappiyakuṭī’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 295) aṭṭhakathāvinicchayo sūcito.
「砖等的安置处」者,第一块砖等在地上的安置处。「说」者,说「我们作净屋,我们作净屋」之人。「同时则允许」者,同一时允许。以此指出注疏的决断:「若在言说未完成时柱已安置,或在彼未安置时言说已完成,则净屋未成」。
§2672
2672. Ārāmo sakalo aparikkhitto vā yebhuyyato aparikkhitto vāti duvidhopi viññūhi vinayadharehi ‘‘gonisādī’’ti vuccati. Pavesanivāraṇābhāvena paviṭṭhānaṃ gunnaṃ nisajjāyogato tathā vuccatīti yojanā.
【2672】园林全无围篱或大部分无围篱者,此二种皆被通晓律藏的智者称为「牛坐处」。因无阻止进入之故,已进入的牛群得以坐卧,故如是称呼,此为连结。
§2673
2673. Payojanaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘ettha pakkañcā’’tiādi. Āmisanti purimakālikadvayaṃ. ‘‘Āmisa’’nti iminā nirāmisaṃ itarakālikadvayaṃ akappiyakuṭiyaṃ vutthampi pakkampi kappatīti dīpeti.
【2673】为显示目的而说「于此,已煮者」等。「食物」者,前二时段。以「食物」一词,显示非食物即其余二时段,在不净屋中的已起与已行皆为允许。
§2674-5
2674-5. Imā kappiyakuṭiyo kadā jahitavatthukā hontīti āha ‘‘ussāvanantikā yā sā’’tiādi. Yā ussāvanantikā yesu thambhādīsu adhiṭṭhitā, sā tesu thambhādīsu apanītesu tadaññesupi thambhādīsu tiṭṭhatīti yojanā.
【2674-5】此等净屋何时成为舍弃基础者?说「彼依止于柱等者」等。彼依止于柱等者,当彼等柱等被移除时,即使在其他柱等上仍立,此为连结。当一切柱等皆被移除时,彼即成为舍弃基础者,此为连结。牛坐处屋若有围篱等,则可能成为舍弃基础者。「有围篱」者,因在《咖伦地大疏》等中说「园林即使半围篱或大部分围篱,亦名为有围篱」,故非仅全围篱,半围篱与大部分围篱亦应摄取。
Sabbesu thambhādīsu apanītesu sā jahitavatthukā siyāti yojanā. Gonisādikuṭi parikkhittā vatiādīhi jahitavatthukā siyā. Parikkhittāti ca ‘‘ārāmo pana upaḍḍhaparikkhittopi bahutaraṃ parikkhittopi parikkhittoyeva nāmā’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 295) kurundimahāpaccariyādīsu vuttattā na kevalaṃ sabbaparikkhittāva, upaḍḍhaparikkhittāpi yebhuyyaparikkhittāpi gahetabbā.
在所有柱子等（障碍物）均已移除之后，该（小屋）便成为『已舍弃基址者』——此为句义的连结。以牛脚形木料等建造的小屋，若被围篱等所环绕，便可成为『已舍弃基址者』。至于『被环绕』一词，依据《根本律注》、《古大疏》等典籍所言：『园林，即便只围了一半，或围了大半，也同样称为被环绕者』，因此，不应仅将四面全部围绕者纳入，凡围了一半者、围了大半者，亦应一并摄取。
Sesāti gahapatisammutikuṭiyo. Chadananāsato jahitavatthukā siyunti yojanā. Chadananāsatoti ettha ‘‘gopānasimattaṃ ṭhapetvā’’ti seso. Sace gopānasīnaṃ upari ekampi pakkhapāsamaṇḍalaṃ atthi, rakkhati. Yatra panimā catassopi kappiyabhūmiyo natthi, tattha kiṃ kātabbaṃ? Anupasampannassa datvā tassa santakaṃ katvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.
「其余」者,居士认可屋。从屋顶毁坏起成为舍弃基础者,此为连结。「屋顶毁坏」者,于此「除去檐篷量」为余。若檐篷之上尚有一片瓦圈,则守护。若此四种净地皆不存在,应作何为?应施与未达上者,作为彼之所有物而受用。
§2676
2676. Bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā aññesaṃ hatthato paṭiggaho ca tesaṃ sannidhi ca tesaṃ antovutthañca bhikkhussa vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
【2676】除比库外,从其他人手中接受、彼等之储藏、彼等之内住,对比库皆为允许,此为连结。
§2677
2677. Bhikkhussa santakaṃ saṅghikampi vā akappiyabhūmiyaṃ sahaseyyappahonake gehe antovutthañca antopakkañca bhikkhussa na vaṭṭati. Bhikkhuniyā santakaṃ saṅghikampi vā akappiyabhūmiyaṃ sahaseyyappahonake gehe antovutthañca antopakkañca bhikkhuniyā na vaṭṭatīti evaṃ ubhinnaṃ bhikkhubhikkhunīnaṃ na vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
比库所有的,或僧团所有的,在不净地、可共宿的屋中,比库不得食用屋内煮的与屋内烤的。比库尼所有的,或僧团所有的,在不净地、可共宿的屋中,比库尼不得食用屋内煮的与屋内烤的。如是应连结为:对比库与比库尼两者皆不得。
§2678
2678.Akappakuṭiyāti akappiyakuṭiyā, ‘‘akappiyabhūmiyaṃ sahaseyyappahonake gehe’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttāya akappiyabhūmiyāti attho. Ādi-saddena navanītatelamadhuphāṇitānaṃ gahaṇaṃ.
「不净屋」者,不净屋之义,即注疏中所说「在不净地、可共宿的屋中」之不净地之义。以「等」字摄取生酥、油、蜜、糖。
§2679
2679.Teheva antovutthehi sappiādīhi sattāhakālikehi saha bhikkhunā pakkaṃ taṃ yāvajīvikaṃ nirāmisaṃ sattāhaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatevāti yojanā.
应连结为:以那些屋内煮的生酥等七日药,与比库一起煮的,那尽形寿药若无肉,七日内受用是允许的。
§2680
2680.Pakkaṃ sāmaṃpakkaṃ taṃ yāvajīvikaṃ sace āmisasaṃsaṭṭhaṃ paribhuñjati, antovutthañca bhuñjati, kiñca bhiyyo sāmaṃpakkañca bhuñjatīti yojanā. Yāvajīvikassa āmisasaṃsaṭṭhassa āmisagatikattā ‘‘antovuttha’’nti vuttaṃ.
应连结为:自己煮的,那尽形寿药若与肉混合而受用,则食用屋内煮的,何况更食用自己煮的。因尽形寿药与肉混合故有肉之性质,故说「屋内煮的」。
§2682
2682. Udakaṃ na hoti kālikaṃ catūsu kālikesu asaṅgahitattā.
水不是时限药,因其不摄于四种时限药中。
§2683
2683.Tikālikā yāvakālikā yāmakālikā sattāhakālikāti tayo kālikā paṭiggahavaseneva attano attano kālaṃ atikkamitvā bhuttā dosakarā honti, tatiyaṃ sattāhātikkame nissaggiyapācittiyavatthuttā abhuttampi dosakaranti yojanā.
应连结为:三种时限药——时限药、夜分药、七日药——仅就受取而言,各自超过自己的时限而食用,则成有罪;第三种七日药超过七日时,因成尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚事,即使未食用也成有罪。
‘‘Bhuttā dosakarā’’ti iminā purimakālikadvayaṃ paṭiggahetvā kālātikkamanamattena āpattiyā kāraṇaṃ na hoti, bhuttameva hoti. Sattāhakālikaṃ kālātikkamena aparibhuttampi āpattiyā kāraṇaṃ hotīti dīpeti. Tesu sattāhakālikeyeva visesaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘abhuttaṃ tatiyampi cā’’ti. Ca-saddo tu-saddatthe. Yāvajīvikaṃ pana paṭiggahetvā yāvajīvaṃ paribhuñjiyamānaṃ itarakālikasaṃsaggaṃ vinā dosakaraṃ na hotīti na gahitaṃ.
「已食者为过失因」者,以此显示:前二时药(即时药与七日药之时药部分),受取后仅以时限逾越,不成犯罪之因,唯有已食方成。七日药则以时限逾越,即使未食亦成犯罪之因。为显示其中七日药之特殊性,故说「未食者第三亦然」。「亦」字具「但」义。至于尽形寿药,受取后终身受用,若无与其他时药混合,则不成过失因,故未摄取。
§2684
2684. Ambādayo saddā rukkhānaṃ nāmabhūtā taṃtaṃphalepi vattamānā idha upacāravasena tajje pānake vuttā, tenevāha ‘‘pānakaṃ mata’’nti. Cocaṃ aṭṭhikakadalipānaṃ. Mocaṃ itarakadalipānaṃ. Madhūti muddikaphalānaṃ rasaṃ. Muddikāti sītodake madditānaṃ muddikaphalānaṃ pānaṃ. ‘‘Sālūkapānanti rattuppalanīluppalādīnaṃ sālūke madditvā katapāna’’nti pāḷiyaṃ, aṭṭhakathāya (mahāva. aṭṭha. 300) ca sālūka-saddassa dīghavasena saṃyogadassanato ‘‘sālu phārusakañcā’’ti gāthābandhavasena rasso kato.
芒果等词,本为树木之名,亦用于彼彼果实,此处依附带义用于由彼制成之饮料,故说「饮料被认为」。「果渣」者,骨蕉饮。「汁液」者,其他蕉类饮。「蜜」者,泥陀迦果之汁液。「泥陀迦」者,于冷水中捣碎泥陀迦果之饮料。「沙卢咖饮者,红莲、青莲等之沙卢咖捣碎制成之饮」,于圣典及注疏中,因沙卢咖一词以长音形式连接显示,故依偈颂格律「沙卢、帕鲁萨咖及」,作短音。
Sālūkaṃ kumuduppalānaṃ phalarasaṃ. Khuddasikkhāvaṇṇanāyaṃ pana ‘‘sālūkapānaṃ nāma rattuppalanīluppalādīnaṃ kiñjakkhareṇūhi katapāna’’nti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Phārusaka’ntiādīsu eko rukkho’’ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ. Tassa phalaraso phārusakaṃ nāma. Etesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ phalānaṃ raso udakasambhinno vaṭṭati, sītudake maddito pasanno nikkasaṭova vaṭṭati, udakena pana asambhinno raso yāvakāliko.
沙卢咖者,睡莲、莲花等之果汁。然于小学处注释中说:「沙卢咖饮者,名为红莲、青莲等之花粉花蕊制成之饮。」「帕鲁萨咖」等中,「一种树木」,于义疏中如是说。其果汁名为帕鲁萨咖。此八种果实之汁液,与水混合者许可,于冷水中捣碎澄清无渣者许可,然未与水混合之汁液则为时分药。
§2685
2685.Phalanti ambādiphalaṃ. Savatthukapaṭiggahoti pānavatthukānaṃ phalānaṃ paṭiggaho. Vasati ettha pānanti vatthu, phalaṃ, vatthunā saha vaṭṭatīti savatthukaṃ, pānaṃ, savatthukassa paṭiggaho savatthukapaṭiggaho. Savatthukassa paṭiggahaṃ nāma vatthupaṭiggahaṇamevāti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘pānavatthukānaṃ phalānaṃ paṭiggaho’’ti.
「果」者,芒果等果实。「连所依受取」者,受取作为饮料所依之果实。「饮料住于此中」故为所依,即果实,与所依一起许可故为连所依,即饮料,连所依之受取为连所依受取。连所依之受取即名为所依之受取,依此而说「受取作为饮料所依之果实」。
§2686
2686. ‘‘Sukoṭṭetvā’’ti vuccamānattā ‘‘ambapakka’’nti āmakameva ambaphalaṃ vuccati . Udaketi sītodake. Parissavaṃ parissāvitaṃ. Katvāti madhuādīhi abhisaṅkharitvā. Yathāha – ‘‘tadahupaṭiggahitehi madhusakkarakappūrādīhi yojetvā kātabba’’nti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 300). Pātuṃ vaṭṭatīti ettha vinicchayo ‘‘evaṃ kataṃ purebhattameva kappati, anupasampannehi kataṃ labhitvā pana purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisaparibhogenāpi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattaṃ nirāmisaparibhogena yāva aruṇuggamanā vaṭṭatiyeva. Esa nayo sabbapānesū’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto.
「善捣碎后」如是所说,故「芒果熟」者,即生芒果果实被称为。「于水中」者,于冷水中。「浸出」者,已浸出。「制作后」者,以蜂蜜等加工后。如说:「应以当日受取之蜂蜜、糖、樟脑等调和制作。」「许可饮用」,此处之判定:「如是制作者,唯午前时许可,由未达上者制作而得,午前时受取者,午前时以有肉食受用亦许可,午后时以无肉食受用,直至黎明升起皆许可。此规则于一切饮料中」,于注疏中如是说。
§2687
2687.Sesapānakesupīti jambupānakādīsupi.
「于其余饮料中亦」者,于阎浮饮料等中亦然。
§2688
2688. Ucchuraso antogadhattā idha vutto, na pana yāmakālikattā, so pana sattāhakālikoyeva.
「甘蔗汁」,因其属内摄故于此处说,但非时分药,而是七日药。
§2689
2689.Madhukassa rasanti madhukapupphassa rasaṃ. Ettha madhukapuppharaso aggipāko vā hotu ādiccapāko vā, pacchābhattaṃ na vaṭṭati. Purebhattampi yaṃ pānaṃ gahetvā majjaṃ karonti, so ādito paṭṭhāya na vaṭṭati. Madhukapupphaṃ pana allaṃ vā sukkhaṃ vā bhajjitaṃ vā tena kataphāṇitaṃ vā yato paṭṭhāya majjaṃ na karonti, taṃ sabbaṃ purebhattaṃ vaṭṭati.
「摩度咖之汁」者,摩度咖花之汁也。于此,摩度咖花汁,无论是火煮或日晒,午后皆不许。午前亦有以饮料取之而制酒者,从最初起即不许。然摩度咖花,无论湿或干或破碎或由其制成之糖浆,从不用以制酒之时起,一切于午前皆许。
Pakkaḍākarasanti pakkassa yāvakālikassa rasaṃ. Sabbo pattaraso yāmakāliko vuttoti yojanā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘yāvakālikapattānañhi purebhattaṃyeva raso kappatī’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 300) imameva sandhāya vuttaṃ.
「熟者之汁」者,已熟之时分药之汁也。应连结为:一切叶汁皆说为时分药。注疏中说『时分药叶之汁唯午前许』,即指此而言。
§2690
2690. Sānulomānaṃ sattannaṃ dhaññānaṃ phalajaṃ rasaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbo phalajo raso vikāle yāmasaññite anulomato paribhuñjituṃ anuññātoti yojanā.
「除七种谷物及其顺类之果生汁外,一切果生汁于非时即称为时分之顺类,许受用」,应如是连结。
§2691
2691. Yāvakālikapattānaṃ sītudake madditvā kato rasopi apakko, ādiccapākopi vikāle pana vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
「时分药叶于冷水中揉搓而成之汁亦未煮,日晒者于非时亦许」,应如是连结。
§2692-3
2692-3. Sattadhaññānulomāni sarūpato dassetumāha ‘‘tālañcanāḷikerañcā’’tiādi. Aparaṇṇaṃ muggādi. ‘‘Sattadhaññānulomika’’nti iminā etesaṃ raso yāvakāliko yāmakālasaṅkhāte vikāle paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭatīti dasseti.
为显示七谷顺类之自相,故说『多罗、槟榔、椰子』等。『其余』者,绿豆等也。以『七谷之顺类』一语,显示此等之汁为时分药,于称为时分之非时不许受用。
§2695
2695. Evamādīnaṃ khuddakānaṃ phalānaṃ raso pana aṭṭhapānānulomattā anulomike yāmakālikānulomike niddiṭṭho kathitoti yojanā.
如此等诸小果之汁液,因顺于八种饮料,故于顺应者、时限顺应者中已被指示、已被说,此为连结。
§2696
2696.Idha imasmiṃ loke sānulomassa dhaññassa phalajaṃ rasaṃ ṭhapetvā ayāmakāliko añño phalaraso natthīti yojanā, sabbo yāmakālikoyevāti dīpeti.
在此,在此世间,具顺应性之谷物,除去果生之汁液,无其他非时限之果汁,此为连结。显示一切皆唯时限者。
Bhesajjakkhandhakakathāvaṇṇanā. · 药篇集注疏阐释。