Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ · 巴拉基咖篇
Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ巴拉基咖篇
Nātho bhikkhunīnaṃ hitatthāya yaṃ pātimokkhaṃ pakāsayīti sambandho. Tattha pakāsayīti desayi, paññāpayīti attho.
「为比库尼众之利益,护者宣说巴帝摩卡」,此为连结。其中「宣说」者,教导之义,施设之义也。
Sādhāraṇapārājikaṃ
共通巴拉基咖
1. Methunadhammasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā一、淫法学处的注释
Abhilāpamattanti vacanamattaṃ, na atthoti adhippāyo. Liṅgabhedamattanti purisaliṅgaṃ itthiliṅganti visesamattaṃ. Visesoti nānāttaṃ. Chandena cevāti pemena ceva, sinehena cevāti attho . Ruciyā cāti icchāya ca. Padhaṃsitāyāti dūsitāya. Paripuṇṇā upasampadā yassā sā paripuṇṇūpasampadā, ubhatosaṅghena upasampannāti attho.
「仅言说」者,仅言语而已,非实义也,此为意趣。「仅性别之差异」者,男性与女性之差别而已。「差别」者,相异性也。「以欲」者,以爱染,以亲爱,此为义。「以乐欲」者,以意欲也。「被侵犯」者,被污辱也。「具足达上者」,其达上已圆满者,即由二部僧团达上之义。
Methunadhammasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 淫法学处的注释完毕。
Asādhāraṇapārājikaṃ
不共通巴拉基咖
5. Ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā五、膝盖以上部位学处的注释
Ubbhakapparanti dutiyamahāsandhito uddhaṃ. Ito cito ca sañcaraṇanti hatthassa vā kāyassa vā tiriyaṃ ito cito ca sañcaraṇaṃ.
「向上之行」者,从第二大关节以上。「从此至彼之往来」者,手或身体横向从此至彼之往来。
Ekatoavassuteti (pāci. aṭṭha. 662) bhikkhuniyā avassave, bhikkhuniyā kāyasaṃsaggarāgena avassutabhāve satīti attho. Bhikkhuniyā vaseneva ca ekatoavassutabhāvo gahetabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ samantapāsādikāyaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 662) –
「一方流出」者,比库尼未流出,即比库尼因身触之染而未有流出之状态存在时,此为义。且应仅就比库尼方面取一方流出之状态。此于《善见律毗婆沙》中已说——
‘‘Ekatoavassuteti ettha kiñcāpi ‘ekato’ti avisesena vuttaṃ, tathāpi bhikkhuniyā eva avassute sati ayaṃ āpattibhedo vuttoti veditabbo’’ti.
「一方流出」者,此处虽然以「一方」一词不加区别地说,然而应知此罪分仅在比库尼流出时才说。
Purisassa kāyanti purisassa yaṃ kañci kāyaṃ. Ubhatoavassutepīti bhikkhuniyā ceva purisassa ca kāyasaṃsaggarāgena avassutabhāve satipi. Kāyenāti yathāparicchinnena attano kāyena. Kāyappaṭibaddhanti purisassa kāyappaṭibaddhaṃ. Avasesakāyena vāti yathāparicchinnakāyato avasesena kāyena, ubbhakkhakaadhojāṇumaṇḍalaadhokapparasaṅkhātena kāyenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tassa kāyanti avassutassa tassa purisassa yaṃ kañci kāyaṃ. Yathā cettha sayaṃ āmasantiyā thullaccayaṃ, evaṃ tassa āmasanaṃ sādiyantiyāpīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Purisassa kāyasaṃsaggarāgo natthīti purisassa methunarāgo, gehasitapemaṃ, suddhacittaṃ vā. Avaseseti pārājikakhettato avasese. Kāyappaṭibaddhena kāyappaṭibaddhādibhedeti ‘‘kāyappaṭibaddhena kāyappaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’tiādike (pāci. 659, 662) sabbavāre. ‘‘Asañciccā’’tiādīsu virajjhitvā vā āmasantiyā, aññavihitāya vā, ‘‘ayaṃ puriso’’ti vā ‘‘itthī’’ti vā ajānantiyā vā, tena phuṭṭhāyapi taṃ phassaṃ assādayantiyā vā āmasanepi sati anāpatti.
「男子之身」者,男子之任何身体。「于双方流出时亦」者,即使在比库尼与男子双方皆因身触之贪而流出之情况下亦然。「以身」者,以自己界定之身体。「身所系属」者,系属于男子之身体。「或以余身」者,以界定之身体以外之余身,即所谓从脐以上、膝轮以下、腰带以下之身体。「彼之身」者,已流出之彼男子之任何身体。如此处自己触摸为土喇吒亚,如是应见彼之触摸若同意亦然。「男子无身触之贪」者,男子无淫欲贪、无在家之爱、或心清净。「余」者,巴拉基咖境以外之余。「以身所系属等之身所系属等分」者,于「以身所系属触身所系属,犯恶作」等一切场合。于「非故意」等中,若未遂而触摸,或为他所作,或不知「此是男子」或「女人」,或虽为彼所触而享受彼触,即使触摸亦无犯。
Ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 膝盖以上部位学处的注释完毕。
6. Vajjappaṭicchādikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā六、隐覆罪过者学处的注释
Pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpannanti bhikkhūhi sādhāraṇānaṃ catunnaṃ, asādhāraṇānaṃ catunnañcāti aṭṭhannamaññataraṃ ajjhāpannaṃ. Idañca pārājikaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 666) pacchā paññattaṃ, saṅgītikārakācariyehi pana purimena saddhiṃ yugaḷaṃ katvā imasmiṃ okāse ṭhapitanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Aṭṭhannaṃ pārājikānaṃ aññatara’’nti (pāci. 666) vacanato pana vajjappaṭicchādikaṃ yā paṭicchādeti, sāpi vajjappaṭicchādikā evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi vajjappaṭicchādanaṃ pemavasena hoti, tathāpi sikkhāpadavītikkamacittaṃ domanassameva hotīti katvā dukkhavedanaṃ hotīti ‘‘tatra hi pācittiyaṃ…pe… sesaṃ tādisamevā’’ti vuttaṃ.
「犯巴拉基咖法」者,犯与比库共通之四种及不共通之四种,即八种之任一。此巴拉基咖后来才制定,然而结集者诸老师将之与前者配成双,置于此处,应如是知。然而从「八种巴拉基咖之任一」之语,应见覆藏罪者,彼亦正是覆藏罪者。虽然覆藏罪因爱而生,然而违犯学处之心唯是忧而已,故作为苦受,故说「于此巴吉帝亚……乃至……余亦如是」。
Vajjappaṭicchādikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 覆罪学处注释已毕。
7. Ukkhittānuvattikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā7. 随举学处注释
Satthusāsanenāti ñattisampadāya ceva anussāvanasampadāya ca. Idha pana codanāsāraṇāpubbakameva ñattianussāvanaṃ satthusāsananti āha ‘‘idhāpī’’tiādi. Karaṇanti ñattiṭṭhapanañceva anussāvanāvacanañca. Anādaranti puggale ceva dhamme ca ādaravirahitaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘yenā’’tiādi. Tattha pariyāpannagaṇe vāti tasmiṃ saṅghe pariyāpanne sambahulapuggalasaṅkhāte gaṇe vā. ‘‘Sammāvattanāya avattamānanti attho’’ti iminā adhippāyattho vutto. Ekakammādiketi ekakammaekuddesasamasikkhātāya. Saha ayanabhāvenāti saha vattanabhāvena. Samāno saṃvāso etesanti samānasaṃvāsakā.
「以大师之教令」者,以白之成就及告白之成就。然而此处唯有举罪、忆念在先之白与告白才是大师之教令,故说「于此亦」等。「作」者,白之设立及告白之言说。「不恭敬」者,于人及于法皆无恭敬。故说「由何」等。其中「或于所摄之众」者,或于彼僧团所摄之称为多人之众。以「不正行者之义」,此说明意趣义。「一甘马等」者,一甘马、一诵、同戒。「与共住之状态」者,与正行之状态。「共住对彼等为同」者,共同共住者。
Idāni yena saṃvāsena te ‘‘samānasaṃvāsakā’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 669) vuttā, so saṃvāso tassa ukkhittakassa tehi saddhiṃ natthi, yehi ca saddhiṃ tassa so saṃvāso natthi, na tena te bhikkhū attano sahāyā katā honti, tasmā so akatasahāyo nāmāti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘yassa panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ padavaṇṇanaṃ katvā idāni atthamattaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘samānasaṃvāsakabhāvaṃ anupagatanti attho’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiṃ taṃ anuvattananti kassaci āsaṅkā siyāti taṃ sarūpato dassento ‘‘yaṃdiṭṭhiko so hotī’’tiādimāha. Tattha soti yo ukkhittako, so.
今以何共住而彼等被称为「共同共住者」,彼共住对彼被举者与彼等不存在,与何者彼之彼共住不存在,彼等比库不被彼作为自己之伴侣,故彼名为未作伴侣,为显示此义故说「然而对何者」等。如是作词句解释后,今为显示义理,故说「未得共同共住之状态之义」。何谓彼之随顺?若有人疑惑,为如实显示彼,故说「彼成为何见者」等。其中「彼」者,何被举者,彼。
Ukkhittānuvattikāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 随举学处注释已毕。
8. Aṭṭhavatthukāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā8. 八事学处注释
Lokassādamittasanthavavasenāti (sārattha. ṭī. pācittiya 3.675) lokassādasaṅkhātassa mittasanthavassa vasena. Kiṃ tanti āha ‘‘kāyasaṃsaggarāgenā’’ti. Kāyasaṃsaggarāgeneva tintā idha avassutā nāma, na methunarāgenāti. Kathametaṃ viññāyatīti āha ‘‘ayameva hī’’tiādi. Kiṃ panettha kāraṇanti āha ‘‘samantapāsādikāyaṃ panassa vicāraṇā katā’’ti. Tatthāyaṃ vicāraṇā – ettha ca asaddhammoti kāyasaṃsaggova veditabbo, na methunadhammo. Na hi methunassa sāmantā thullaccayaṃ hoti. ‘‘Viññū paṭibalo kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajjitu’’nti (pāci. 676) vacanampi cettha sādhakanti. Yaṃ yena kataṃ, taṃ tasseva hotīti. Purisapuggalassāti sāmivacananti dassetuṃ ‘‘yaṃ purisapuggalenā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha hatthoti attano hattho. Na kevalañcettha hatthaggahaṇanti ‘‘hattho nāma kapparaṃ upādāya yāva agganakhā’’ti (pāci. 676) vuttassa hatthasseva gahaṇaṃ, atha kho tassa ca aññassapi apārājikakhettassa gahaṇaṃ ekajjhaṃ katvā ‘‘hatthaggahaṇa’’nti vuttaṃ. Tathā saṅghāṭikaṇṇaggahaṇanti na kevalaṃ saṅghāṭikaṇṇasseva gahaṇaṃ, atha kho tassa ca aññassapi yassa kassaci cīvarappadesassa gahaṇaṃ vuttanti dassetuṃ ‘‘ettha ca yassa kassacī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Itthannāmaṃ ṭhānanti evaṃnāmakaṃ ṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Paṭipāṭiyā vā uppaṭipāṭiyā vā pūretvā’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattaṃ. Tasmā paṭipāṭiyā vā uppaṭipāṭiyā vā ekantarikāya vā yena tena nayena pūretvāti attho.
「以世间之味、友谊、交往之方式」者,以称为世间之味之友谊交往之方式。何谓?故说「以身触之贪」。唯以身触之贪故此处名为流出,非以淫欲贪。如何了知此?故说「正是此」等。然而此处何为因?故说「于《善见》中对此作了考察」。此处此考察为:于此「非法」者,应知唯身触,非淫法。因淫之近边不成土喇吒亚。「智者有能力行身触」之语于此亦为证成。以何所作,彼即属彼。「男子之人」者,为显示属格语,故说「男子之人」等。其中「手」者,自己之手。非仅此处手之取,所说「手者,从腰带以上乃至指甲尖」之手之取,而是将彼及其他非巴拉基咖境之取合为一而说「手之取」。如是「桑喀帝角之取」者,非仅桑喀帝角之取,而是彼及其他任何衣之部分之取,为显示此,故说「于此任何」等。「某名之处」者,如是名之处。「依次第或逆次第而满」者,此仅为例示。故依次第或逆次第或间隔地,以任何方式而满之义。
Tā āpattiyoti tā āpannā āpattiyo. Yathā cekekasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ evaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sattasu vatthūsu satakkhattumpi vītikkantesu tā āpattiyo desetvā muccati. Gaṇanūpikāti desitagaṇanaṃ upagacchati. Dhuranikkhepaṃ katvāti ‘‘aññaṃ vatthuṃ āpajjissāmī’’ti ussāhaṃ ṭhapetvā.
「彼诸罪」者,彼所犯诸罪也。如于各各事中,如是于七事中分别分别,即使百次违犯,说示彼诸罪后即得解脱。「数随顺」者,随顺所说示之数也。「舍弃重担而」者,舍弃「我将犯其他事」之努力也。
Aṭṭhavatthukāsikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 八事学处注释已毕。
Iti kaṅkhāvitaraṇiyā pātimokkhavaṇṇanāya · 如是，于度疑巴帝摩卡注释中
Vinayatthamañjūsāyaṃ līnatthappakāsaniyaṃ · 《律义宝箧》中《隐义阐明》。
Bhikkhunipātimokkhe pārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 比库尼巴帝摩卡中巴拉基咖的解释完毕。