11. Pañcasatikakkhandhako · 11. 五百结集篇集
11. Pañcasatikakkhandhako十一、五百人篇集
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathāvaṇṇanā关于小及随小学处之论的注释
§437
437. Pañcasatikakkhandhake pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘apāvuso, amhākaṃ satthāraṃ jānāsī’’ti idaṃ thero sayaṃ bhagavato parinibbutabhāvaṃ jānantopi attanā sahagatabhikkhuparisāya ñāpanatthameva, subhaddassa vuḍḍhapabbajitassa sāsanassa paṭipakkhavacanaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññāpanatthañca evaṃ pucchi. Subhaddo hi kusinārāyaṃ bhagavati abhippasannāya khattiyādigahaṭṭhaparisāya majjhe bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā haṭṭhapahaṭṭhopi bhayena pahaṭṭhākāraṃ vācāya pakāsetuṃ na sakkhissati, idheva pana vijanapadese sutvā yathājjhāsayaṃ attano pāpaladdhiṃ pakāsessati, tato tameva paccayaṃ dassetvā bhikkhū samussāhetvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ kāretvā etassa pāpabhikkhussa, aññesañca īdisānaṃ manorathavighātaṃ, sāsanaṭṭhitiñca karissāmīti jānantova taṃ pucchīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva thero ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samaya’’ntiādinā subhaddavacanameva dassetvā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyāpesi. Nānābhāvoti sarīrena nānādesabhāvo, vippavāsoti attho. Vinābhāvoti maraṇena viyujjanaṃ. Aññathābhāvoti bhavantarūpagamanena aññākārappatti.
437. 五百篇集的圣典中「友,你不知我们的导师吗?」此句,长老虽自知世尊已般涅槃,仍如此问者,为令与己同行的比库众知晓,并为令比库们知晓苏跋德这位晚年出家者对教法的反对言论之故。因为苏跋德在拘尸那罗,于对世尊具信的刹帝利等在家众中,听闻世尊般涅槃时,虽欢喜踊跃,却因恐惧而不能以言语显露欢喜之相;但在此僻静之处听闻后,将如其本意显露自己的恶得。由此,应知长老明知此事,欲以此为因缘,示之于比库们,令比库们奋起,结集法与律,以破坏此恶比库及其他类似者的愿望,并令教法久住,故如此发问。因此,长老以「友,我曾一时」等语显示苏跋德之言后,结集了法与律。『异性』者,身体处于不同地域之性,意为别离。『无性』者,因死亡而分离。『变异性』者,因往生他有而成为异相。
§441
441.‘‘Ākaṅkhamāno…pe… samūhaneyyā’’ti idaṃ bhagavā mayā ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno’’ti vuttattā ekasikkhāpadampi samūhanitabbaṃ apassantā, samūhane ca dosaṃ disvā dhammasaṅgahakā bhikkhū ‘‘apaññattaṃ na paññāpessāma, paññattaṃ na samucchindissāmā’’tiādinā puna ‘‘paññattisadisāya akuppāya kammavācāya sāvetvā samādāya vattissanti, tato yāva sāsanantaradhānā appaṭibāhiyāni sikkhāpadāni bhavissantī’’ti iminā adhippāyena avocāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Teneva mahātherāpi tatheva paṭipajjiṃsu.
441.「若欲……乃至……应废除」此句,世尊因我说「若欲」之故,见不到连一条学处也应废除者,又见废除有过失,结集法的比库们应视为以「未制者不应制,已制者不应废」等语,再以「以类似制定的不可动摇的甘马语宣说后,受持而行,由此直至教法隐没,诸学处将不可违越」这样的意趣而说。因此,大长老们也如是奉行。
Gihigatānīti gihīsu gatāni. Khattiyamahāsārādigihīhi ñātānīti attho. Citakadhūmakālo attano pavattipariyosānabhūto etassāti dhūmakālikaṃ.
『在家所知』者,在在家人中所知。意为被刹帝利大臣等在家人所知。『火葬烟时』者,以自己的生起至终结为火葬烟之时。
§443
443.Oḷārikenimitte kariyamānepīti ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’ti evaṃ thūlatare ‘‘tiṭṭhatu, bhagavā, kappa’’nti yācanahetubhūte okāsanimitte kamme kariyamāne. Mārena pariyuṭṭhitacittoti mārena āviṭṭhacitto.
443.『虽作粗显之相』者,在作「阿难,若欲,如来可住一劫或一劫余」这样粗显的「世尊,请住一劫」这样请求之因的机会相之业时。『被魔所缠之心』者,被魔所附之心。
§445
445.Ujjavanikāyāti paṭisotagāminiyā. Kucchito lavo chedo vināso kulavo, niratthakaviniyogo. Taṃ na gacchantīti na kulavaṃ gamenti.
445.『伍嘉瓦尼咖亚』者,逆流而行者。『恶劣的劳沃』者,断、坏、灭之库劳沃,无义的分离。『不行彼』者,不行库劳沃。
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 关于小及随小学处之论的注释完毕。
Pañcasatikakkhandhakavaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito. · 五百人篇集的注释理路完毕。